Conditionals 0, 1, 2, 3 & Mixed Conditionals | English Grammar Lesson | B2-Upper Intermediate

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2024-08-02 ใƒป Anglo-Link


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Conditionals 0, 1, 2, 3 & Mixed Conditionals | English Grammar Lesson | B2-Upper Intermediate

2,502 views ใƒป 2024-08-02

Anglo-Link


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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[Music]
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[์Œ์•…] ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ
00:04
Hello and welcome everyone to this presentationย  which is about Conditional sentences. Let meย ย 
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์ด๋ฒˆ ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:11
share my screen with you and show you whatย  we'll be doing in this lesson. We're goingย ย 
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๋‚ด ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ• ์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
to look at some common mistakes with Conditionals.ย  There are five mistakes that I often come acrossย ย 
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์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
when I read things you write or listen to youย  speak, and these are: 1) using 'when' insteadย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์“ด ๊ธ€์„ ์ฝ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์„ ๋•Œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž์ฃผ ์ ‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” 1) '
00:29
of 'if', 2) using 'will' or 'would' in the 'if'ย  Clause, 3) mixing conditionals 1 and 2, 4) notย ย 
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if' ๋Œ€์‹  'when'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, 2) 'will' ๋˜๋Š” 'would'๋ฅผ ''์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. if' ์ ˆ, 3) ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ 1๊ณผ 2๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ , 4) not
00:38
mixing conditionals 2 and 3 when needed, and 5)ย  using 'was' instead of 'were' in Conditional 2.ย ย 
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ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋•Œ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ 2์™€ 3์„ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ , 5) ์กฐ๊ฑด 2์—์„œ 'were' ๋Œ€์‹  'was'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
But before we get round to looking at theseย  mistakes, let's do a little revision of theย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ „์—,
00:53
four types of conditional sentences that you areย  familiar with, starting with conditional 0. First,ย ย 
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ 0๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €,
01:01
looking at the formulation: in the 'if' clause,ย  you put Present Simple, so if + Present Simple,ย ย 
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๊ณต์‹์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด 'if' ์ ˆ์— Present Simple์„ ๋„ฃ์œผ๋ฉด if + Present Simple,
01:08
and Present Simple again in the 'consequence'ย  clause. Now Conditional 0 is about something,ย ย 
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๋ฐ Present๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '๊ฒฐ๊ณผ'ย ์ ˆ์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด์ œ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ 0์€
01:16
a situation, which is always true. It's not aboutย  a specific situation now or in the past. Forย ย 
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ฐธ์ธ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ๋‚˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํŠน์ • ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
01:23
example, here's a very funny and common saying:ย  If you pay peanuts, you get monkeys. This is trueย ย 
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, ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์†๋‹ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋•…์ฝฉ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋ฉด ์›์ˆญ์ด๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š”
01:30
for everyone all the time. It's a general fact.ย  That's conditional 0. Let's look at conditionalย ย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ•ด๋‹น๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ 0์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€
01:39
1 and see what's the difference. Conditional 1 forย  formulation is again: if + Present Simple and thenย ย 
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1์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์‹ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ 1์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ if + Present Simple์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š”
01:48
Future Simple usually in the 'consequence' clause.ย  The difference is that Conditional 1 refers to aย ย 
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Future Simple์ด๋ฉฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ 'consequence' ์ ˆ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ 1์€
01:55
specific real and current situation, and whenย  it's conditional 1, there is a high probabilityย ย 
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ํŠน์ • ์‹ค์ œ ๋ฐ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ณ , ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ 1์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
02:03
of the action in the 'if' clause. For example: Ifย  I need money next year, I will sell my car.' So,ย ย 
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'if' ์ ˆ์— ํ•ด๋‹น ๋™์ž‘์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ: ๋‚ด๋…„์— ๋ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํŒ”๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‚ด๋…„์—
02:11
there is a good chance, there is maybe a 50/50ย  or more probability, that you will need moneyย ย 
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๋ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด 50/50 ์ด์ƒ์ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:18
next year. That's number 1. Now, what's theย  difference with conditional 2? First of all,ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ 1๋ฒˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ 2์™€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ์šฐ์„ ,
02:26
the formulation is very different. it's: if + Pastย  Subjunctive and then in the 'consequence' clause,ย ย 
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์ œํ˜•์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€: if + ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•์ด๊ณ  '๊ฒฐ๊ณผ' ์ ˆ์—
02:33
you need 'would do'. Here again, this isย  a specific situation. It's not generalย ย 
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'would do'๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋„ ์ด๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
like Conditional 0, but it's hypothetical. It'sย  not real, and the very big difference between 2ย ย 
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์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ 0์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์ •์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ, 2์™€ 1์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€
02:47
and 1 is that the probability of the action inย  the 'if' clause is zero or very very low. So,ย ย 
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'if' ์ ˆ์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด 0์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œย '
02:56
if you say 'if I needed money next year, I wouldย  sell my car.', the listener understands thatย ย 
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๋‚ด๋…„์— ๋ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํŒ”๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฒญ์ทจ์ž๋Š” ๋‚ด๋…„์— ๋ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ• 
03:03
there is a very low or almost zero probabilityย  that you will need money next year. That's theย ย 
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ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ 0์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
03:10
very important difference between 1 andย  2. And finally, coming to Conditional 3,ย ย 
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1๊ณผ 2 ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ 3์˜
03:17
the formulation is if + Past Perfect (had done)ย  and then the 'consequence' clause is 'would haveย ย 
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๊ณต์‹์€ if + ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ(had done) ์ด๊ณ  '๊ฒฐ๊ณผ' ์ ˆ์€ 'would have
03:26
done'. Again, this is a specific situation, butย  now it's completely in the past. There is zeroย ย 
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done'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
possibility of the action in the 'if' clause.ย  For example: If I had needed money last year,ย ย 
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'if' ์ ˆ์—์„œ ์ž‘์—…์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ 0์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ: ์ž‘๋…„์— ๋ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:40
I would have sold my car.' You didn't needย  money, and you didn't sell your car. It'sย ย 
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์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํŒ”์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' ๋ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ , ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํŒ”์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
03:46
completely hypothetical, and it's over. It's inย  the past. Right, so before we look at the fiveย ย 
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด๊ณ  ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
common mistakes I mentioned earlier, there are twoย  notes to make that you have to be careful of. Theย ย 
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์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ฃผ์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฐธ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
first one is that the 'if' clause can be in theย  first or second part of the sentence. So, makeย ย 
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” 'if' ์ ˆ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋‚˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
04:10
sure you identify which one is the 'if' clause andย  which one is the 'consequence' clause correctly,ย ย 
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์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ด 'if' ์ ˆ์ด๊ณ  ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ด 'consequence' ์ ˆ์ธ์ง€ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
because sometimes I notice that you get the ...ย  or some students have got the idea that, the firstย ย 
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๊ฐ€๋”์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ... ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ
04:24
part is always with Present Simple and the secondย  part with 'will'. No! make sure you find out whereย ย 
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๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Present Simple์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ 'will'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”! '
04:31
the 'if' clause is and then apply the correctย  tense or form to the 'if' clause and then theย ย 
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if' ์ ˆ์ด ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ 'if' ์ ˆ์— ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์‹œ์ œ๋‚˜ ํ˜•์‹์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ
04:37
'consequence' clause. For example: If I need moneyย  next year, I will sell my car. You can also say:ย ย 
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'consequence' ์ ˆ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์˜ˆ: ๋‚ด๋…„์— ๋ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํŒ”๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
I will sell my car if I need money next year.ย  And notice that for spelling, for punctuation,ย ย 
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๋‚ด๋…„์— ๋ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํŒ”๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒ ์ž์™€ ๊ตฌ๋‘์ ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
04:52
if you start with the 'if' clause you need a commaย  between the two clauses, but if you start with theย ย 
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'if' ์ ˆ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‘ ์ ˆ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
04:59
'consequence' clause, you don't. That's Note 1.ย  Note 2: also very important! When we talk aboutย ย 
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'consequence' ์ ˆ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ฐธ๊ณ  1์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐธ๊ณ  2: ๋˜ํ•œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
05:08
high, low, or zero probability in Conditionalย  sentences 1, 2, and 3, we're talking about theย ย 
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์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ 1, 2, 3์—์„œ ๋†’์Œ, ๋‚ฎ์Œ ๋˜๋Š” 0 ํ™•๋ฅ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ
05:16
probability of the action in the 'if' clause: howย  possible or likely or probable the 'if' actionย ย 
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'if' ์ ˆ์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ํ™•๋ฅ , ์ฆ‰ 'if' ๋™์ž‘์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด
05:24
is. If you want to change the probabilityย  of the action in the 'consequence' clause,ย ย 
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์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. . '๊ฒฐ๊ณผ' ์ ˆ์—์„œ ํ–‰๋™์˜ ํ™•๋ฅ ์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
05:31
you need to use modal verbs of possibility insteadย  of 'will' and 'would'. Let's take our examples andย ย 
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'will' ๋ฐ 'would' ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
05:40
change 'will' and 'would' to 'may', 'might', orย  'could'. For example: If I need money next year,ย ย 
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'will'๊ณผ 'would'๋ฅผ 'may', 'might' ๋˜๋Š” 'could'๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ: ๋‚ด๋…„์— ๋ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Ÿด
05:47
maybe I will, maybe I won't (50/50 chance): I mayย  sell my car, I might sell my car, I could sell myย ย 
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์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(50/50 ํ™•๋ฅ ): ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํŒ” ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํŒ” ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํŒ” ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:56
car. The consequence is now not 100% sure. It'sย  a possibility. We can do the same with the Secondย ย 
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. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ด์ œ 100% ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€์—์„œ๋„ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๋…„์— ๋ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”
06:05
Conditional: I might or could sell my car if Iย  needed money next year. Same with Conditional 3:ย ย 
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ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํŒ” ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ํŒ” ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์กฐ๊ฑด 3๊ณผ ๋™์ผ:ย ย  ์ž‘๋…„์— ๋ˆ์ด
06:13
I might or could have sold my car if I had neededย  money last year. Notice one important thing isย ย 
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ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํŒ”์•˜์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ํŒ” ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€
06:21
that 'may' is only used in Conditional 1. And, asย  you can see, we can only use might and could inย ย 
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'may'๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ 1์—์„œ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ
06:29
conditionals 2 and 3 in the consequence clause.ย  Okay. That's the revision of the most importantย ย 
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ ˆ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ 2์™€ 3์—์„œ๋งŒ might์™€ could๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”. ์ด๋Š”
06:38
points about Conditionals in general. Let's lookย  at, now, the common mistakes. The first one isย ย 
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” '
06:46
using 'when' instead of 'if'. Remember that we canย  only use 'when' instead of 'if' in a conditionalย ย 
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if' ๋Œ€์‹  'when'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธย ย  0 ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” 'if' ๋Œ€์‹  'when'๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”
06:54
0 sentence. So, you can say: If you pay peanutsย  you get monkeys. Or: When you pay peanuts, you getย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋•…์ฝฉ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋ฉด ์›์ˆญ์ด๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š”: ๋•…์ฝฉ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋ฉด ์›์ˆญ์ด๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:02
monkeys.' because it's always true. But, pleaseย  be sure not to use 'when' instead of 'if' inย ย 
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.' ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ ์—์„œ๋Š” 'if' ๋Œ€์‹  'when'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
07:09
other Conditional sentences because this changesย  the idea completely. For example, when you, inย ย 
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
07:17
conditional 1, when you say 'if I need money', youย  are not sure you will need money, maybe you will,ย ย 
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์กฐ๊ฑด 1์—์„œ '๋ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉด'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ• ์ง€ ํ™•์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€
07:24
maybe you won't. Whereas, if you say 'when Iย  need money', you are sure that you will soonย ย 
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์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ' ๋ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋•Œ'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ณง
07:31
need money. Same with conditional 2. If you sayย  'if I needed money', actually you're saying at theย ย 
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๋ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๊ฑด 2์™€ ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ' ๋ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š”
07:41
moment, now, I don't, and I don't think I willย  in the future. I'm hypothesizing: 'if I neededย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‚˜๋Š” '๋ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:48
money'. But, when you say 'when I needed money',ย  you're actually referring to a time in the pastย ย 
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. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ '๋ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—
07:55
when you needed money. So the difference is hugeย  and can be confusing to your listener if you mixย ย 
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๋ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋ฉฐ 'if'์™€ 'when'์„ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:02
'if' and 'when'. Only in conditional zero! Right,ย  number 2: That's a very common one, and it's forย ย 
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. ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ 0์—์„œ๋งŒ! ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2๋ฒˆ: ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
08:13
formulation. It's a formulation mistake, and thatย  is using 'will' or 'would' in the 'if' clause. Iย ย 
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๊ณต์‹ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ณต์‹ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” 'if' ์ ˆ์— 'will' ๋˜๋Š” 'would'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š”ย ย  ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ง์„
08:20
often hear: If I will need money next year, I willย  sell my car. Make sure that you do not use 'will'ย ย 
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์ž์ฃผ ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๋…„์— ๋ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํŒ”๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:28
in the 'if' clause for the First Conditional. Theย  mistake for the Second Conditional would be toย ย 
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์˜ 'if' ์ ˆ์— 'will'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด
08:34
say: If I would need money next year, I would ...ย  So two 'would's or two 'will's. Avoid that! It's,ย ย 
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๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‚ด๋…„์— ๋ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋Š”... ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ 'would' ๋˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ 'will'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ”ผํ•˜์„ธ์š”!
08:41
in conditional 2: if I needed (Past Subjunctive)ย  money next year, I would sell my car. And the sameย ย 
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์กฐ๊ฑด 2์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ํ•ด์— (๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•) ๋ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํŒ”๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
08:48
for Conditional 3: I would have sold my car ifย  I, NOT 'would have needed' but 'if I had needed'ย ย 
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์กฐ๊ฑด 3์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž‘๋…„์— ๋ˆ์ด 'ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด'์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ 'ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด' ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํŒ”์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:55
money last year. So, avoid two ''will's or twoย  would's on both sides of the sentence. Okay! Now:ย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์–‘์ชฝ์— ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ 'will' ๋˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ would๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š” . ์ข‹์•„์š”! ์ด์ œ:
09:06
two notes on this common mistake. It's importantย  for you to know so you don't get confused. Note 1:ย ย 
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์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฐธ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜ผ๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐธ๊ณ  1:
09:14
In American English, you may occasionally hearย  'would' in the 'if' clause in Conditionals 2ย ย 
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ 2์™€ 3์˜ 'if' ์ ˆ์—์„œ 'would'๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋” ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
and 3. This is not Standard English, and, it'sย  a mistake, a grammatical mistake,. But, someย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ํ‘œ์ค€ ์˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ค์ˆ˜, ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์  ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ถ€
09:29
American speakers do it. So, don't be surprised,ย  but I'd recommend you avoid it. Follow the rulesย ย 
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋†€๋ผ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ”ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์„ธ์š”
09:37
that we have just reviewed. Okay, now one otherย  note here is that, very rarely, but you will,ย ย 
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. ์ข‹์•„์š”, ์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋˜ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋“œ๋ฌผ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.ย ย  ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ 1 ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ข€ ๋” ๊ณต์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ
09:46
you may hear 'will' or 'would' after 'if' toย  make a Conditional 1 sentence more polite. Itย ย 
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์œ„ํ•ด 'if' ๋‹ค์Œ์— 'will' ๋˜๋Š” 'would'๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:53
happens only in situations like this: If you willย  wait here please, I'll call you taxi. It's a veryย ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋งŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์‹œ๋ฉด ํƒ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
polite invitation to someone to do something.ย  Actually, it sounds rather formal. So, again,ย ย 
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ์ •์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹ค์†Œ ํ˜•์‹์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ,
10:09
I would avoid this structure, or you can hear it,ย  but don't try and use it. A better alternative inย ย 
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์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์ •์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์€
10:16
a situation when you want to be polite is to useย  'would like': If you'd like to wait here please,ย ย 
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'would like'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ์‹œ๋ฉด
10:22
I'll call you a taxi, because 'would like' meansย  'want'. It's not the actual use of 'would'. It'sย ย 
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ํƒ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด 'would like'๋Š” '์›ํ•จ'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'would'์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
for politeness. Oka, number 3. Number 3 is mixingย  Conditionals 1 and 2. Again, I often hear this,ย ย 
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์˜ˆ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”, 3๋ฒˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 3๋ฒˆ์€ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ 1๊ณผ 2๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋ง์„ ์ž์ฃผ ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
and I want to ask you to avoid it because whenย  you, or if you, mix conditionals 1 and 2, yourย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ง์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ 1๊ณผ 2๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉด
10:49
listener will not know if you're talking aboutย  a real or high probability or a hypothetical orย ย 
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์ฒญ์ทจ์ž๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์‹ค์ œ ๋˜๋Š” ๋†’์€ ํ™•๋ฅ , ๊ฐ€์ƒ ๋˜๋Š”
10:58
low probability. A typical mistake I hear is: If Iย  have time, I would join you. Now, if I hear this,ย ย 
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๋‚ฎ์€ ํ™•๋ฅ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์ด ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด
11:09
I'm confused. I have no idea if you are likely toย  join me or unlikely. So, be consistent. Be clear:ย ย 
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ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‚˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์—†๋Š”์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
11:19
If I have time, I will join you. And theย  listener understands that there is a highย ย 
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฒญ์ทจ์ž๋Š”
11:25
probability that you will have time to joinย  them. Or, if the probability is zero or very low,ย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•ฉ๋ฅ˜ํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋˜๋Š” ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด 0์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:31
then stick to the Second Conditional: If I hadย  time, I would join you.' It means there is zero orย ย 
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๊ณ ์ˆ˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด 0์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
11:38
low probability. Actually you are saying: I can'tย  basically join you. The formulation 'if + shouldย ย 
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๋‚ฎ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹  ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ' ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'if + should
11:47
do' is an alternative form of conditional 1, notย  conditional 2, so make sure you use 'will' notย ย 
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do'๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณต์‹์€ ์กฐ๊ฑด 2๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์กฐ๊ฑด 1์˜ ๋Œ€์ฒด ํ˜•ํƒœ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ '
11:57
'would' in the 'consequence' clause. For example,ย  'if I should need money' is the same as 'if I needย ย 
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ' ์ ˆ์— 'would'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ 'will'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ' ๋ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด'์€ '๋ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด'๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:04
money'. It's just a little more formal, and it'sย  slightly less probable: If I should need money,ย ย 
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. ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ํ˜•์‹์ ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋„ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:11
I will sell my car, NOT 'I would'. Okay, yes,ย  finally number 4. We've got two left! Just bearย ย 
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'๋‚˜๋Š”'์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํŒ”๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ค, ๋“œ๋””์–ด 4๋ฒˆ์ด๊ตฐ์š”. 2๋ฒˆ ๋‚จ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ฐธ์•„
12:20
with me! Number 4: not mixing Conditionalsย  2 and 3 when needed. Remember that sometimesย ย 
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์ฃผ์„ธ์š”! 4๋ฒˆ: ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋•Œ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ 2์™€ 3์„ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š”
12:28
the consequence of a present fact can be inย  the past and vice versa. For example ... No,ย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด... ์•„๋‹ˆ,
12:36
let's look at the formulation first. So theย  consequence of a present fact is in the past.ย ย 
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๋จผ์ € ๊ณต์‹์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:43
We need to mix Conditionals 2 and 3. So it's: if +ย  Past Subjunctive (the if clause of Conditional 2)ย ย 
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์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ 2์™€ 3์„ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ if + ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•(์กฐ๊ฑด 2์˜ if ์ ˆ)
12:52
and 'would have done' (the 'consequence' clauseย  of Conditional 3). Example: She is a liar. So,ย ย 
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๋ฐ 'would have done'( ์กฐ๊ฑด 3์˜ '๊ฒฐ๊ณผ' ์ ˆ)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ: ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์Ÿ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด
13:01
someone is a liar. It's a fact, and now we'reย  imagining, we're hypothesizing: If she were notย ย 
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์Ÿ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๊ณ  ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ
13:08
such a big liar, we wouldn't have got into troubleย  yesterday. The consequence of her being a liar,ย ย 
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ํฐ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์Ÿ์ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์Ÿ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š”
13:16
which is still true, happened yesterday: they gotย  into trouble. So, you have this mismatch. Right,ย ย 
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด์ œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋น ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ,
13:24
and the opposite can happen as well, and that'sย  when the consequence of a past action is inย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋„ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ–‰๋™์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:31
the present. So now, we need to use the Pastย  Perfect, which is Conditional 3, in the 'if'ย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด์ œ 'if' ์ ˆ์— ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ 3์ธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
13:37
clause and then the 'consequence' clause willย  be Conditional 2: 'would do'. So, for example:ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด 'consequence' ์ ˆ์€ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ 2: 'would do'๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
13:45
If she had told the truth yesterday, we wouldย  not be in this mess now.' So, it's the other wayย ย 
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์–ด์ œ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์— ๋น ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ
13:53
round. Right, so you do need to always think ofย  the context as well. I's not always mechanical:ย ย 
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋งฅ๋ฝ๋„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ์ด์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
14:01
this > this. This doesn't happen very often,ย  but you have to be careful if it does: how toย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ > ์ด๊ฒƒ. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ž์ฃผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:08
mix them correctly. And finally, mistake numberย  5 is using 'was' instead of 'were' in Conditionalย ย 
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ 5๋ฒˆ์€ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ 2์—์„œ 'were' ๋Œ€์‹  'was'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:17
2. Remember the formulation of Conditional 2 isย  if + Past Subjunctive and then the consequence:ย ย 
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์กฐ๊ฑด 2์˜ ๊ณต์‹์€ if + ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:25
would do. It's really not Past Simple althoughย  we say that sometimes. Why do we say that? It'sย ย 
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ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์™œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ
14:34
because the Past Subjunctive in English has theย  same form as the Past Simple except for the verbย ย 
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์ด์œ ๋Š” ์˜์–ด์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ• ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ด ๋™์‚ฌ 'be'๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•๊ณผ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:41
'be'. The Past Subjunctive of 'be' is 'were' forย  all pronouns, and that's where we notice thatย ย 
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. 'be'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 'were'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ
14:51
Conditional 2 is not if + Past Simple. It's if +ย  Past Subjunctive. But, they're the same, exactlyย ย 
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์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ 2๋Š” if + ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. + ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
14:58
the same, form except the verb 'be'. So, that'sย  why a sentence would be: 'if I were younger',ย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ 'be'๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— '๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ Š์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด'์ด
15:06
not 'if I was younger': If I were younger, Iย  would climb the Himalayas. And the same goesย ย 
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ '๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ Š์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ Š์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํžˆ๋ง๋ผ์•ผ์— ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:14
for the alternative form of Conditional 2, whichย  is: If she were to climb the Himalayas, she wouldย ย 
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์กฐ๊ฑด 2์˜ ๋Œ€์ฒด ํ˜•ํƒœ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ํžˆ๋ง๋ผ์•ผ๋ฅผ ์˜ค๋ฅด๋ ค๋ฉด
15:22
need a good guide. So basically, we're saying:ย  Don't use 'was' in Conditional 2 sentences. But,ย ย 
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์ข‹์€ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ 2 ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— 'was'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒย ย  ๋งŽ์€ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ
15:31
don't be surprised if you hear this mistakeย  from many native speakers because, as you know,ย ย 
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์ด ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋†€๋ผ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ
15:37
they don't study grammar, as we are at the momentย  together. They just go by ear, and it is becomingย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ท€๋กœ๋งŒ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ
15:45
a common mistake in both British and Americanย  English to use 'was' instead of 'were', but again,ย ย 
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'were' ๋Œ€์‹  'was'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์™€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ง์”€
15:52
I would recommend that you avoid it. Stick to theย  rules. You will always be correct and confidentย ย 
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๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ํ”ผํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:58
in your sentences, but don't be surprised ifย  you occasionally hear these varieties. Right,ย ย 
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. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋œ ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋†€๋ผ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ,
16:06
that's the end of the presentation. I hope itย  has helped you get a better grasp of Conditionalย ย 
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ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์ด ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:12
sentences. You may need to watch this presentationย  a few times and make some notes for yourself forย ย 
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. ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ตํžˆ๋ ค๋ฉด ์ด ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์„ ๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง์ ‘ ๋ฉ”๋ชจํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:19
everything to get assimilated. Thanks a lot forย  watching. I hope you've enjoyed this lesson.ย ย 
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. ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์› ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:26
For more on this topic, click here. Rememberย  to also check out my complete online course,ย ย 
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์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ œ ์ „์ฒด ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ฐ•์ขŒ๋„ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๊ณ ,
16:32
and don't forget to like and subscribe.ย  Thank you for watching, and happy studies!
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์ข‹์•„์š”์™€ ๊ตฌ๋…๋„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ณต๋ถ€ ๋˜์„ธ์š”!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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