Relative Pronouns | which, that, whose, what | English Grammar Lesson | B2-Upper Intermediate

13,372 views ใƒป 2022-01-19

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
When do we use the relative pronoun 'which'?
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๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ 'which'๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? '
00:03
Can we use the word 'that' instead of 'which'?
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์–ด๋–ค' ๋Œ€์‹  '์ €๊ฒƒ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
00:06
What about the word 'what'? Is it a relativeย pronoun?
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'๋ฌด์—‡'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
00:10
And 'whose'. Can we use 'whose' withย objects?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜'. ๊ฐ์ฒด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ 'whose'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
00:14
I know that's a lot of questions, butย by the end of the lesson, you will know the
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•Œ์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด ๋‹ต์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
00:18
answers and you will be able to use these wordsย correctly every time.
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๋งค๋ฒˆ ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
Hello and welcome everyone, this is Minoo at Anglo-Link.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์•ต๊ธ€๋กœ๋งํฌ ๋ฏธ๋ˆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ ์ฐฝ์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š”
00:26
A quick reminder toย download my free guide in the description box that
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช… ์ƒ์ž์— ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ๋น ๋ฅธ ์•Œ๋ฆผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:31
explains to you how you can improve your spokenย  fluency through different listening activities.
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.
00:37
Now, let's start by reminding ourselves what aย relative pronoun is.
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์ด์ œ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
A relative pronoun connects
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๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š”
00:45
a noun to a clause that gives us informationย about that noun.
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๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์ ˆ์— ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
When the noun is a person,ย we use the relative pronouns 'who', 'whom',ย and 'whose'.
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๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ผ ๋•Œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ 'who', 'whom', 'whose'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
I cover these in another lessonย which you can find here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ ์ด ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃน๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
In today's lesson, we're going to focus on relative pronouns forย objects.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ฒด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถœ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
These are 'which', 'that', and 'whose'.
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'๋ˆ„๊ตฌ', '์ €๊ฒƒ', '๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
01:10
We'll also look at the word 'what', which is notย  a relative pronoun but is often confused as one.
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์•„๋‹Œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ํ˜ผ๋™๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ 'what'๋„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:19
Okay! Let's start with the relativeย pronoun 'which'.
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์ข‹์•„์š”! ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ 'which'๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
Let's say someone says:
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค:
01:24
This is the movie.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
Naturally, you would ask:
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
Whichย movie?
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์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ™”?
01:29
And the answer is for example:
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๋‹ต์€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด
01:31
The movie,ย which won 11 Oscars in 1997.
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1997๋…„์— 11๊ฐœ์˜ ์˜ค์Šค์นด์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ•œ ์˜ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
The part that givesย the information is called a relative clause.
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์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ ˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
So,ย 'which' is the relative pronoun, and 'which wonย  11 Oscars in 1997' is the relative clause.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 'which'๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ  'which won 11 Oscars in 1997'์€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
Now,ย ย we call this one an 'essential' or 'definingย relative clause'.
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ 'ํ•„์ˆ˜' ๋˜๋Š” '์ •์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ˆ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
Now, that's a big name. But,ย all it means is that we cannot remove it fromย the sentence.
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์ž, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํฐ ์ด๋ฆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:00
Because if we remove it, we'reย back to the situation 'which movie'.
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์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋ฉด '์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ™”'๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
We also have 'non-essential' or 'non-defining relative clauses'ย 
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๋˜ํ•œ '๋น„ํ•„์ˆ˜' ๋˜๋Š” '๋น„์ •์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ'์ด
02:10
and these give extra information about the noun.ย  But, they can be dropped from the sentence and the
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์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์‚ญ์ œ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
02:16
sentence is still complete.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ โ€‹โ€‹์™„์ „ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
For example, if I say:
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
02:19
This is the movie Titanic, which won 11 Oscars inย 1997.
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1997๋…„์— 11๊ฐœ์˜ ์˜ค์Šค์นด์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ•œ ์˜ํ™” ํƒ€์ดํƒ€๋‹‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:25
So, this phrase now 'which won 11 Oscars inย 1997', gives additional information.
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.
02:31
I can drop itย and say:
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
This is the movie Titanic. The sentenceย is complete.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ํ™” ํƒ€์ดํƒ€๋‹‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์™„์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
We don't need to ask:
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
Which movie are you talking about?
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์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:41
A very common question is:
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๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€
02:44
Canย we use 'that' instead of 'which'?
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'which' ๋Œ€์‹  'that'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
02:47
And the answer is...
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์€...
02:48
Yes! But, only with an essential relativeย clause.
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๋„ค! ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ๋งŒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
So, we can say:
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
This is the movie thatย won 11 Oscars in 1997.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 1997๋…„์— 11๊ฐœ์˜ ์˜ค์Šค์นด์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ•œ ์˜ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
Remember here it's anย essential clause.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์กฐํ•ญ์ž„์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
03:02
But in the other example:
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š”
03:03
This is the movie Titanic, which won 11 oscarsย in 1997.
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1997๋…„์— 11๊ฐœ์˜ ์˜ค์Šค์นด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ•œ ํƒ€์ดํƒ€๋‹‰ ์˜ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
We cannot use 'that'.
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'์ €๊ฒƒ'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
Only 'which'ย works in non-essential relative clauses.
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๋น„ํ•„์ˆ˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” 'which'๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
So,ย now let's look at the relative pronoun 'whose'.
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ 'whose'๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
'Whose' is used for possession for bothย people and objects.
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'๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜'๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์†Œ์œ ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
For example, if we say:
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
03:27
This is the movie. I love the cast of this movie. And we want to put these two sentences together.
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This is the movie. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ์˜ํ™”์˜ ์ถœ์—ฐ์ง„์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋ฌถ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
Our sentence is: This is the movie whoseย cast I love.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์˜ํ™”๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ถœ์—ฐ์ง„์˜ ์˜ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
A very common question I get is:
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€
03:42
Can we use 'which' instead of 'whose'.
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'๋ˆ„๊ตฌ' ๋Œ€์‹  '์–ด๋–ค'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
Yes! Youย can. But, then you would have to bring in the
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์˜ˆ! ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด
03:49
preposition 'of' and the article 'the' into yourย sentence.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ 'of'์™€ ๊ด€์‚ฌ 'the'๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
And you end up with:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
This is the movieย of which the cast I love.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์บ์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
As you can hear, it'sย  a bit complicated and it sounds very formal.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ํ˜•์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
You can make it a bit less formal by switching theย  order of 'of' and 'that' and say:
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'of'์™€ 'that'์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ 
04:10
This is the movieย the cast of which I love.
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๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ข€ ๋œ ๊ฒฉ์‹ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
That sounds a littleย better, but it's still very formal.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฒฉ์‹์„ ์ฐจ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
I'd recommendย you always use 'whose'.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ 'whose'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
Whether you want to expressย  a possession between people and objects or objectsย and objects.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์†Œ์œ ๋ฌผ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
Just stick with 'whose'.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ '๋ˆ„๊ตฌ'์— ๋ถ™์œผ์„ธ์š”.
04:30
Okay! So howย about other prepositions than 'of'?
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์ข‹์•„์š”! ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด 'of'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:34
For example,ย let's say we're using the verb 'talk about'.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด 'talk about'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
Thisย is the movie about which I was talking.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋˜ ์˜ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
Again, like the previous example, with 'of' it soundsย very formal.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด์ „ ์˜ˆ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด 'of'๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํ˜•์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
What we do here is that we takeย ย the preposition and put it at the end of theย sentence.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋์— ๋„ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
This is the movie which I was talkingย about.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋˜ ์˜ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
And when we do that, when we have removedย  the preposition from its place next to 'which',
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๋•Œ 'which' ์˜†์˜ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋ฉด
05:01
we can also use 'that'. This is the movie that Iย was talking about.
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'that'๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋˜ ์˜ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
Another common question I getย ย is:
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€
05:09
Can we drop the relative pronoun?
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๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋žตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
We cannotย drop 'whose'. But we can drop 'that' or 'which'
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'๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜'๋ฅผ ์‚ญ์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์ ˆ์—์„œ 'that' ๋˜๋Š” 'which'๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋žตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:16
in an essential clause when the information isย  about the object of the sentence.
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.
05:23
For example,ย ย in the sentence:
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ:
05:25
This is the movie which or thatย I was talking about.
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This is the movie which or that or that I was saying about.
05:29
'Movie' is the object of thisย ย sentence and we can drop 'which' or 'that'.
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'Movie'๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ด๋ฉฐ 'which' ๋˜๋Š” 'that'์„ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
We canย just say:
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
This is the movie I was talking about.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋˜ ์˜ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
But, in the other example: This is theย  movie which or that won 11 Oscars in 1997.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ: This is the movie which or that won 11 Oscars in 1997.
05:47
Here, 'movie' is the subject of the sentenceย  and in this case you must not drop 'which' orย 'that'.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ 'movie'๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์ด๋ฉฐ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 'which' ๋˜๋Š” 'that'์„ ์ƒ๋žตํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
You cannot say: This is the movie won 11ย Oscars.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 11๊ฐœ์˜ ์˜ค์Šค์นด์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ•œ ์˜ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
You need to say: This is the movie whichย won 11 Oscars.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋งํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 11๊ฐœ์˜ ์˜ค์Šค์นด์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ•œ ์˜ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
Or, this is the movie that won 11ย Oscars.
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๋˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 11๊ฐœ์˜ ์˜ค์Šค์นด์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ•œ ์˜ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
And finally, another very common questionย is:
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€
06:10
Is what a relative pronoun?
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๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
And the answerย is... No!
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์€... ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”!
06:15
It's a very common mistake to use itย as a relative pronoun instead of 'which' orย 'that'.
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'which' ๋˜๋Š” 'that' ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํ”ํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
For example, I often hear:
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ง์„ ์ž์ฃผ ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
This is theย ย movie what I was talking about.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋˜ ์˜ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
'What' includesย the idea of the noun and the relative pronoun.
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'๋ฌด์—‡'์—๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
So for example, instead of the movie which or theย movie that, you can just say 'what'.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์˜ํ™” which ๋˜๋Š” ์˜ํ™” that ๋Œ€์‹  '๋ฌด์—‡'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
For example, if you're looking at the screen and theย  movie is on, you can just point and say:
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ์˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผœ์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:43
This is what I was talking about.
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.
06:47
Okay!ย That brings us to the end of this lesson.
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์ข‹์•„์š”! ์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ๋ ˆ์Šจ์„ ๋งˆ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
06:50
If you want more information and exercises about relative clauses, you can watch thisย lesson.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด์™€ ์—ฐ์Šต์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Anglo-Link.com
06:57
Remember to check out my online course atย  Anglo-Link.com for lots of lessons and exercisesย about different topics.
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์—์„œ ์ œ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ•์˜์™€ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
07:05
And please don't forgetย to like, subscribe, and allow notifications.
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ๊ตฌ๋…, ์•Œ๋ฆผ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
07:11
Thanks a lot for watching, and I look forward toย  seeing you in my next lesson.
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์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ ๋ต™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
Goodbye for now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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