Writing - Transitions - THEREFORE, THUS, CONSEQUENTLY

1,690,625 views ・ 2013-06-11

Adam’s English Lessons


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:02
Hi, again. Welcome back to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam. Today's lesson is -- actually, I
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”. www.engvid.com에 λ‹€μ‹œ μ˜€μ‹  것을 ν™˜μ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ €λŠ” μ•„λ‹΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 였늘의 μˆ˜μ—…μ€ 사싀
00:08
had a few requests for it. So I'm not going to mention names right now because there are
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λͺ‡ 가지 μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•  이름이 λ„ˆλ¬΄ 많기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ§€κΈˆμ€ 이름을 μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:11
too many to mention. But some people asked me about transitions, again, specifically, "therefore"
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. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ–΄λ–€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ „ν™˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œ 번 ꡬ체적으둜 "κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ"
00:18
and "thus". But I figured I would do the whole package because they can all work together.
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와 "λ”°λΌμ„œ"에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ¬Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ‚˜λŠ” 그듀이 λͺ¨λ‘ ν•¨κ»˜ μž‘λ™ν•  수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 전체 νŒ¨ν‚€μ§€λ₯Ό ν•  것이라고 μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:24
If you're writing essays, you can use more than one of these, more than two of these,
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에세이λ₯Ό μž‘μ„±ν•˜λŠ” 경우
00:29
especially for longer essays. So first, we're going to look at the differences or similarities
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특히 더 κΈ΄ μ—μ„Έμ΄μ˜ 경우 이듀 쀑 두 개 이상을 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ λ¨Όμ € μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ 차이점 λ˜λŠ” μœ μ‚¬μ (
00:34
-- as the case may be -- of these words and when and how they are used. Okay?
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κ²½μš°μ— 따라)κ³Ό μ‚¬μš© μ‹œκΈ° 및 방법을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ’‹μ•„μš”?
00:40
So the words we're looking at today are "therefore", "thus", "consequently", "so", "then, "hence",
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 였늘 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³Ό λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ” "therefore", "thus", "consequently", "so", "then, "hence"
00:49
and the expression "as a result". Okay? So again, all of these are transitions. I'll
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그리고 "as a result"λΌλŠ” ν‘œν˜„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ν™˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
put it here.
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여기에 λ„£μ„κ²Œμš”.
01:00
So a little review. What is a transition? A transition is like a bridge that connects
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μ•½κ°„μ˜ λ³΅μŠ΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ν™˜μ΄λž€ λ¬΄μ—‡μž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ? μ „ν™˜μ€ 두 아이디어λ₯Ό μ—°κ²°ν•˜λŠ” 닀리와 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:05
two ideas. Okay? So what are we connecting here? What are the ideas that we want to connect?
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μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그럼 μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 무엇을 μ—°κ²°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ? μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ—°κ²°ν•˜κ³  싢은 μ•„μ΄λ””μ–΄λŠ” λ¬΄μ—‡μž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
01:10
We want to connect a logical conclusion. Okay? Or we want to connect a consequence. What
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 논리적 결둠을 μ—°κ²°ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ—°κ²°ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
is a "consequence"? A consequence is, basically, a result. So for example, in life, we make
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"κ²°κ³Ό"λž€ λ¬΄μ—‡μž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ? κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” 기본적으둜 κ²°κ³Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μΈμƒμ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
01:23
choices, we make decisions, and then, we have to live with the consequences, whatever those
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선택을 ν•˜κ³  결정을 λ‚΄λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그러면 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ 선택이 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μ–΄λ–€ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό κ°€μ Έμ˜€λ“  κ·Έ 결과와 ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚΄μ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:28
choices bring us. Okay? So there's a very, very slight difference in these three words,
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μ’‹μ•„μš”? κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 특히 이 μ„Έ λ‹¨μ–΄μ—λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό μ•½κ°„μ˜ 차이가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:35
especially. These are the three that I want you to use most on essays if you're going
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이 μ„Έ λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ—μ„Έμ΄μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 많이 μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμœΌλ©΄ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
to be writing essays. Okay? We use "therefore" -- again, it's more of a mathematical word,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” "therefore"λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ -- λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, 이것은 μˆ˜ν•™μ μΈ 단어에 κ°€κΉμ§€λ§Œ
01:45
but we use it, obviously, to write, as well. When we have a premise, from there premise,
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λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ 글을 μ“Έ λ•Œλ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „μ œκ°€ μžˆμ„ λ•Œ κ±°κΈ°μ—μ„œ μ „μ œ e,
01:52
we generally reach a conclusion. Now, what is a "premise"? A "premise" is an idea that
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 일반적으둜 결둠에 λ„λ‹¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 자, "μ „μ œ"λž€ λ¬΄μ—‡μž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ? "μ „μ œ"λŠ”
01:58
we believe to be true. And because we believe it is true, from that truth we reach a conclusion.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 사싀이라고 λ―ΏλŠ” μ•„μ΄λ””μ–΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그것이 사싀이라고 λ―ΏκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— κ·Έ μ§„λ¦¬λ‘œλΆ€ν„° 결둠에 λ„λ‹¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
Okay? I think everybody knows a very famous "premise + conclusion" sentence. "I think"
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μ’‹μ•„μš”? μ•„μ£Ό 유λͺ…ν•œ "μ „μ œ+κ²°λ‘ " λ¬Έμž₯은 λ‹€λ“€ μ•„μ‹€ 것 κ°™μ•„μš”. "λ‚˜λŠ” μƒκ°ν•œλ‹€"
02:11
-- premise -- "I believe that I think, therefore I am." That's the conclusion I reach. Because
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-- μ „μ œ -- "λ‚˜λŠ” λ‚΄κ°€ μƒκ°ν•œλ‹€κ³  λ―ΏλŠ”λ‹€, κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ λ‚˜λŠ” μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€." 그것이 μ œκ°€ λ„λ‹¬ν•œ κ²°λ‘ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
I think, I am. Okay. Don't be confused. It's not "because". Premise and conclusion, but
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λ‚΄κ°€ μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λ‚˜λŠ” κ·Έλ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ’‹μ•„μš”. ν˜Όλ™ν•˜μ§€ λ§ˆμ‹­μ‹œμ˜€. "λ•Œλ¬Έμ—"κ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „μ œμ™€ 결둠이 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
02:25
I'm just trying to simplify it a little bit.
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쑰금 λ‹¨μˆœν™”ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:28
"Thus" means "result". Now, it's a little bit different from "consequence". "Result"
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"λ”°λΌμ„œ"λŠ” "κ²°κ³Ό"λ₯Ό μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이제 "κ²°κ³Ό"μ™€λŠ” 쑰금 λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€. "κ²°κ³Ό"λŠ”
02:33
means a result of the last argument. Okay? And "consequence" is -- again, it's a result,
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ 인수의 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ’‹μ•„μš”? 그리고 "κ²°κ³Ό"λŠ” -- λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ²°κ³Ό
02:40
but a consequence. Something's going to happen as a result of the thing before. Now, it's
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μ§€λ§Œ κ²°κ³Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이전 일의 결과둜 μ–΄λ–€ 일이 일어날 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이제
02:45
very, very important to remember, something had to be mentioned before you can use any
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κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜λŠ” 것이 맀우 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 단어λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ €λ©΄ λ¨Όμ € μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  것이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:51
of these words. Okay? All of these words and whatever sentence or clause or whatever comes
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. μ’‹μ•„μš”? 이 λͺ¨λ“  단어와 κ·Έ 뒀에 μ˜€λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  λ¬Έμž₯μ΄λ‚˜ μ ˆμ€ μ•žμ— μ˜€λŠ”
02:57
after it is in relation to what came before. Okay? I said something before; this is my
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것과 관련이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ’‹μ•„μš”? λ‚˜λŠ” 전에 무언가λ₯Ό λ§ν–ˆλ‹€; 이것이
03:04
conclusion now. Or this is the result of what happened or this is the consequence.
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μ§€κΈˆ λ‚˜μ˜ 결둠이닀. λ˜λŠ” 이것은 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 일의 κ²°κ³Ό μ΄κ±°λ‚˜ 이것이 κ²°κ³Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
More informally, we can use "so" also to talk about a consequence or a result. We use "then".
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보닀 λΉ„κ³΅μ‹μ μœΌλ‘œ "so"λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ κ²°κ³Όλ‚˜ 결과에 λŒ€ν•΄ 말할 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” "then"을 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:16
So, "This happened. Then, I did this." Not "then" like time, like sequence. "Then" means
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ "이런 일이 μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄. 그럼 λ‚΄κ°€ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν–ˆμ–΄." μ‹œκ°„μ²˜λŸΌ "κ·Έλ•Œ"κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μ‹œν€€μŠ€μ²˜λŸΌ. "Then"은
03:22
more like, "This happened, so I did this." "This happened. Then, I did that as a result
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"이 일이 일어났기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λ‚΄κ°€ 이것을 ν–ˆμ–΄"와 같은 μ˜λ―Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. "이런 일이 μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄. 그럼 λ‚΄κ°€ λ¨Όμ € ν•œ 결과둜 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν–ˆμ–΄
03:28
of the first thing."
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."
03:29
Now, a lot of people ask me about this word, "hence". The first thing I will say is don't
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이제 λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ "hence"λΌλŠ” 단어에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ¬»μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ°€μž₯ λ¨Όμ € λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦΄ 것은 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ λ§λΌλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:34
use it. One, it's a bit old-fashioned and a bit snobby. And two, most people don't use
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. 첫째, μ•½κ°„ ꡬ식이고 μ•½κ°„ μ†λ¬Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έ, λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
03:42
it correctly anyway. I personally don't like this word, but if you must use it, then, remember
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μ–΄μ¨Œλ“  그것을 μ˜¬λ°”λ₯΄κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ €λŠ” 개인적으둜 이 단어λ₯Ό μ’‹μ•„ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ§€λ§Œ κΌ­ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
03:48
it's also like a consequence. Use it instead of "thus" -- probably instead of "therefore".
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결과와도 κ°™λ‹€λŠ” 것을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”. "thus"λŒ€μ‹ μ— μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ„Έμš” -- μ•„λ§ˆλ„ "therefore"λŒ€μ‹ μ—.
03:53
And of course, very casual, "as a result". Okay? So before we look at this -- all of
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그리고 λ¬Όλ‘  "결과적으둜" 맀우 μΊμ£Όμ–Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ’‹μ•„μš”? λ”°λΌμ„œ 이 λͺ¨λ“  것을 κ°œλ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κΈ° 전에
03:59
these individually, let's look at some examples. "I am cold." Okay? This is the situation.
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λͺ‡ 가지 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "μ°¨λ‹€." μ’‹μ•„μš”? 이것이 μƒν™©μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:05
"I am cold. Therefore, I'll put on a coat." [Coughs] Excuse me. Actually, you know what?
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"μΆ”μ›Œμš”. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ½”νŠΈλ₯Ό μž…μ„ κ²Œμš”." [κΈ°μΉ¨] μ‹€λ‘€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 사싀, κ·Έκ±° μ•Œμ•„?
04:11
Let me change this. Sorry. I'll put a period here. If I were going to use "therefore" with
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이것을 λ°”κΎΈκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ£„μ†‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 여기에 λ§ˆμΉ¨ν‘œλ₯Ό μ°κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . λ§Œμ•½ λ‚΄κ°€ 이것과 ν•¨κ»˜ "therefore"λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
04:18
this, I would start a new sentence. All of these words can be used to start a sentence
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, λ‚˜λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λ¬Έμž₯을 μ‹œμž‘ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 λͺ¨λ“  λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ” λ¬Έμž₯을 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ λ¬Έμž₯ 쀑간에 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:24
or mid-sentence. But some of them are better used to start. Some of them are better used
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. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ κ·Έλ“€ 쀑 μΌλΆ€λŠ” μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λŠ” 데 더 잘 μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλ“€ 쀑 μΌλΆ€λŠ” 쀑간에 더 잘 μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:29
in the middle. "I'm cold. Therefore, I'll put on a coat."
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. "μΆ”μ›Œμš”. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ½”νŠΈλ₯Ό μž…μ„ κ²Œμš”."
04:33
Now, if I'm grading your essay -- let's say you're writing IELTS or TOEFL, etc. -- and
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이제 λ‚΄κ°€ λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ 에세이λ₯Ό 채점할 λ•Œ -- 당신이 IELTSλ‚˜ TOEFL 등을 μ“΄λ‹€κ³  κ°€μ •ν•΄
04:37
you wrote "therefore, I'll put on a coat", I would actually take off points. Why? Because
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λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€. μ™œ?
04:42
you're trying to impress me. For something this casual, don't use "therefore"; use "so".
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당신이 λ‚˜μ—κ²Œ κΉŠμ€ 인상을 μ£Όλ €κ³  ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μΊμ£Όμ–Όν•œ κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” "therefore"λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”. "κ·Έλž˜μ„œ"λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
04:49
"I'm cold, so I'll put on a coat." This is the situation. This is what I'm going to do
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"μΆ”μš°λ‹ˆκΉŒ μ™Ένˆ¬λ₯Ό μž…μ„κ²Œ." 이것이 μƒν™©μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이것은
04:55
as a result of the situation. "I'm cold" -- and then, I would put period. "Then, I'll put
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μƒν™©μ˜ 결과둜 λ‚΄κ°€ ν•  μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. "I'm cold" -- 그리고 λ§ˆμΉ¨ν‘œλ₯Ό μ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "그럼
05:03
on a coat." I've made a decision. "I'll put on a coat as a result of being cold." Don't
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μ½”νŠΈλ₯Ό μž…μ„κ²Œ." 결정을 λ‚΄λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. " μΆ”μš°λ‹ˆκΉŒ μ½”νŠΈ μž…μ„κ²Œ."
05:07
use "therefore". Don't use "thus". "Consequently" -- I won't take off points, but I won't give
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"κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ"λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ λ§ˆμ‹­μ‹œμ˜€. "λ”°λΌμ„œ"λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ λ§ˆμ‹­μ‹œμ˜€. "λ”°λΌμ„œ" -- λ‚˜λŠ” κ°μ ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ² μ§€λ§Œ,
05:13
you points either, okay? "Hence" -- don't do it. And "as a result" -- again, a little
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λ„ˆμ—κ²Œλ„ 감점을 주지 μ•Šμ„κ±°μ•Ό, μ•Œμ•˜μ§€? "κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ" -- ν•˜μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš” . 그리고 "κ·Έ 결과둜" -- λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ,
05:21
bit too formal for this context. But let's look at a slightly more sophisticated context,
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이 λ¬Έλ§₯μ—μ„œλŠ” λ„ˆλ¬΄ ν˜•μ‹μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 쑰금 더 μ •κ΅ν•œ λ¬Έλ§₯,
05:27
a little bit better-written sentence and see what the difference is.
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쑰금 더 잘 쓰여진 λ¬Έμž₯을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ³  차이점이 무엇인지 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:31
Okay. So let's look at this sentence now. It's a little bit more formal. We're talking
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μ’‹μ•„μš”. 그럼 이제 이 λ¬Έμž₯을 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€. 쑰금 더 ν˜•μ‹μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
05:36
about something a little bit more serious. We're going to look at the situation and the
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쑰금 더 μ‹¬κ°ν•œ 것에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 상황과 κ²°κ³Όλ‚˜ κ²°κ³Ό 등을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λ„λ‘ ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:40
result or the consequence, etc. "Sales shrank, and the competition was increasing its market
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05:46
share." Okay? You're talking -- maybe this is a business article, or you're talking about
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. μ’‹μ•„μš”? 당신은 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ•„λ§ˆλ„ 이것은 λΉ„μ¦ˆλ‹ˆμŠ€ κΈ°μ‚¬μ΄κ±°λ‚˜
05:50
some sort of product, etc. So this is the situation. This is what is happening with
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μΌμ’…μ˜ μ œν’ˆ 등에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이것이 μƒν™©μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이것이
05:55
this product or this company. And they want to do something. So you can say, "Therefore"
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이 μ œν’ˆμ΄λ‚˜ 이 νšŒμ‚¬μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 그듀은 무언가λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ "κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ"라고 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:01
-- you're starting the sentence, capital T, beginning of the sentence. "Therefore, the
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λ¬Έμž₯의 μ‹œμž‘ 뢀뢄인 λŒ€λ¬Έμž Tλ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ . "κ·Έλž˜μ„œ
06:05
company decided to invest more in R and D". Research and development. "Consequently" -- so
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νšŒμ‚¬λŠ” R&D에 더 λ§Žμ€ 투자λ₯Ό ν•˜κΈ°λ‘œ κ²°μ •ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€." 연ꡬ 및 개발. "λ”°λΌμ„œ" -- κ·Έλž˜μ„œ
06:12
as a consequence of this situation -- "the company decided to invest." "Thus, the company
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이 μƒν™©μ˜ 결과둜 -- "κ·Έ νšŒμ‚¬λŠ” νˆ¬μžν•˜κΈ°λ‘œ κ²°μ •ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€." "κ·Έλž˜μ„œ νšŒμ‚¬λŠ”
06:18
decided to invest." So all of these show that this is came about as a result of this situation.
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투자λ₯Ό κ²°μ •ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€." κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이것듀은 λͺ¨λ‘ 이것이 이 μƒν™©μ˜ 결과둜 λ°œμƒν–ˆμŒμ„ λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:26
Okay? That's one way.
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μ’‹μ•„μš”? ν•œ 가지 λ°©λ²•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:28
You can also do it mid-sentence. Again, "Sales shrank, and the competition was increasing
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λ¬Έμž₯ 쀑간에 ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, "맀좜이 쀄어듀고 κ²½μŸμ—…μ²΄κ°€
06:33
its market share. The company therefore decided to invest..." Now, you could put -- actually,
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μ‹œμž₯ μ μœ μœ¨μ„ 높이고 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ νšŒμ‚¬λŠ” νˆ¬μžν•˜κΈ°λ‘œ κ²°μ •ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€..." 자, 넣을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 사싀
06:41
I'll do it in purple. You could put commas here. Okay? And many people do that. The only
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λ³΄λΌμƒ‰μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 여기에 μ‰Όν‘œλ₯Ό 넣을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . μ’‹μ•„μš”? 그리고 λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:47
difference between with commas and without commas is pace. "The company, therefore, decided
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μ‰Όν‘œκ°€ μžˆλŠ” 것과 μ—†λŠ” κ²ƒμ˜ μœ μΌν•œ 차이점은 μ†λ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. "κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ νšŒμ‚¬λŠ”...을 κ²°μ •ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:55
to..." Without commas, "The company therefore decided to..." Okay? You want to emphasize
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" μ‰Όν‘œ 없이 "κ·Έλž˜μ„œ νšŒμ‚¬λŠ” ...을 κ²°μ •ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€." μ•Œκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이것을 κ°•μ‘°ν•˜κ³  μ‹Ά
07:01
this or you want to emphasize the decision. Okay? It depends. "They drew this decision
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κ±°λ‚˜ 결정을 κ°•μ‘°ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ’‹μ•„μš”? λ•Œμ— 따라 λ‹€λ₯΄μ§€. "그듀은 이 결정을
07:08
as a conclusion." Okay? "Therefore decided." "The company decided" -- you can even take
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결둠으둜 β€‹β€‹λ‚΄λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€." μ’‹μ•„μš”? "κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ²°μ •ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€." "νšŒμ‚¬μ—μ„œ κ²°μ •ν–ˆλ‹€" -- 당신은 이것을 κΊΌλ‚Ό μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:14
this out. "The company decided to invest more." But you want to show the transition. You want
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. "νšŒμ‚¬λŠ” 더 λ§Žμ€ 투자λ₯Ό ν•˜κΈ°λ‘œ κ²°μ •ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€." ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ „ν™˜μ„ 보여주고 μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:20
to show the direct link between the two sentences. So again, the commas, just for pace and what
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두 λ¬Έμž₯ μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 직접 링크λ₯Ό ν‘œμ‹œν•˜λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, μ‰Όν‘œλŠ” 속도와
07:27
you want to emphasize or not. "The company, consequently, decided to..." "The company
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κ°•μ‘°ν•˜κ³  싢은 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. " 결과적으둜 νšŒμ‚¬λŠ”..." "결과적으둜 νšŒμ‚¬λŠ”
07:32
consequently decided to invest." "The company thus decided to invest." Okay?
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투자λ₯Ό κ²°μ •ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€." " κ·Έλž˜μ„œ νšŒμ‚¬λŠ” νˆ¬μžν•˜κΈ°λ‘œ κ²°μ •ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€." μ’‹μ•„μš”?
07:39
"Thus" -- okay. I would not put commas. Don't put commas with "thus" because it slows it
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"λ”°λΌμ„œ" -- μ’‹μ•„μš”. λ‚˜λŠ” μ‰Όν‘œλ₯Ό 넣지 μ•Šμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ„ˆλ¬΄ λŠλ €μ§€κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— "thus"와 ν•¨κ»˜ μ‰Όν‘œλ₯Ό 넣지 λ§ˆμ‹­μ‹œμ˜€
07:48
down a little bit too much. "The company thus decide today invest." Okay? This is a bit
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. "λ”°λΌμ„œ νšŒμ‚¬λŠ” 였늘 투자λ₯Ό κ²°μ •ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€." μ’‹μ•„μš”? 이것은
07:53
more of a direct link, so you can't put the commas to de-emphasize. It's a direct emphasis.
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직접 링크에 가깝기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ‰Όν‘œλ₯Ό κ°•μ‘° ν‘œμ‹œν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 직접적인 κ°•μ‘°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:59
That's one.
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그게 ν•˜λ‚˜μ•Ό.
08:00
Now, let's look at another way of doing this. "It was too expensive." Okay? Let's say we're
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이제 이 μž‘μ—…μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ 방법을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "λ„ˆλ¬΄ λΉ„μŒŒμ–΄μš”." μ’‹μ•„μš”?
08:06
talking about same article. We're talking about research and development. They wanted
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같은 기사에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  κ°€μ •ν•΄ λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 연ꡬ κ°œλ°œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그듀은
08:10
to invest more. But then, they realized that it was too expensive. So here, if I'm using
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더 λ§Žμ€ 투자λ₯Ό μ›ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 그듀은 그것이 λ„ˆλ¬΄ λΉ„μ‹Έλ‹€λŠ” 것을 κΉ¨λ‹¬μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ œκ°€
08:15
"so" -- remember; in an essay, if you've used "therefore", "thus", and "consequently" already,
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"so"λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ -- κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”; μ—μ„Έμ΄μ—μ„œ "therefore", "thus", "consequently"λ₯Ό 이미 μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆλ‹€λ©΄
08:22
you don't want to repeat many words. In this case, it's okay to use "so". Don't use "so"
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λ§Žμ€ 단어λ₯Ό λ°˜λ³΅ν•˜κ³  싢지 μ•Šμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 경우 "κ·Έλž˜μ„œ"λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "so"λ₯Ό ν•¨λΆ€λ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”
08:28
casually. But if you've used the other ones too many times, you want variety. So you can
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. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ 것을 λ„ˆλ¬΄ 많이 μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆλ‹€λ©΄ 닀양성을 원할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ
08:33
start using "so" as well. "It was too expensive, so they decide today do something else." "It
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"so"도 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "λ„ˆλ¬΄ λΉ„μ‹Έμ„œ 였늘 λ‹€λ₯Έ 일을 ν•˜κΈ°λ‘œ κ²°μ •ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€." "
08:38
was too expensive." See here? Semicolon. I hope you can see that. "Consequently" is a
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λ„ˆλ¬΄ λΉ„μŒŒμ–΄μš”." μ—¬κΈ°λ₯Ό 보아라? μ„Έλ―Έμ½œλ‘ . 당신이 그것을 λ³Ό 수 있기λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€. 결과적으둜"λŠ”
08:46
perfect word to use after a semicolon. "Consequently, it was too expensive." It's like a stop, but
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μ„Έλ―Έμ½œλ‘  뒀에 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κΈ°μ— μ™„λ²½ν•œ λ‹¨μ–΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. "결과적으둜 λ„ˆλ¬΄ λΉ„μŒŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€." λ©ˆμΆ”λŠ” 것과 κ°™μ§€λ§Œ
08:52
it's not. But it's not a comma, either. "Consequently, they decided to do something else."
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그렇지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ‰Όν‘œλ„ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€. "결과적으둜 그듀은 λ‹€λ₯Έ 일을 ν•˜κΈ°λ‘œ κ²°μ •ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."
09:00
"It was too expensive, and thus..." So here, I'm using "thus" instead of the semicolon.
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"λ„ˆλ¬΄ λΉ„μ‹Έμ„œ..." μ—¬κΈ°μ„œλŠ” μ„Έλ―Έμ½œλ‘  λŒ€μ‹  "λ”°λΌμ„œ"λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:06
You could use "thus" after the semicolon as well. You could use "and so". Notice that
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μ„Έλ―Έμ½œλ‘  뒀에 "λ”°λΌμ„œ"λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . "λ“±"을 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:11
I'm not using "therefore". Okay? Because this is more of a consequence than it is a conclusion.
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λ‚΄κ°€ "κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ"λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” 점에 μœ μ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€. μ’‹μ•„μš”? 이것은 결둠이라기보닀 결과에 가깝기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:17
I'm not taking this to be a truth and because of this truth, I'm reaching a conclusion.
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λ‚˜λŠ” 이것을 μ‚¬μ‹€λ‘œ λ°›μ•„λ“€μ΄λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλ©° 이 사싀 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 결둠에 λ„λ‹¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:21
There's a consequence. So you see there's a slight -- very slight difference between
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κ²°κ³Όκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ
09:26
"therefore" and "thus" or "consequently". And if you can use the words correctly in
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"κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ"와 "λ”°λΌμ„œ" λ˜λŠ” "결과적으둜" μ‚¬μ΄μ—λŠ” μ•½κ°„μ˜ 차이가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 μ—μ„Έμ΄μ—μ„œ 단어λ₯Ό μ˜¬λ°”λ₯΄κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
09:32
an essay, extra points for you, especially if I'm marking it because I like that. Okay?
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μΆ”κ°€ 점수λ₯Ό 받을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 특히 μ œκ°€ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— ν‘œμ‹œν•˜λŠ” κ²½μš°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ’‹μ•„μš”?
09:38
Now, we're going to look at one more example, and then, we'll understand it a little bit better.
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이제 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 예λ₯Ό 더 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ³  쑰금 더 잘 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ²Œ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:44
Okay. So let's look at the last example here -- actually, last couple of examples here.
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μ’‹μ•„μš”. μ—¬κΈ° λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ 예λ₯Ό λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€ -- μ‹€μ œλ‘œ, μ—¬κΈ° λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ λͺ‡ 가지 μ˜ˆκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:48
I want you to also realize that you can use two of these transitions in one sentence or
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λ˜ν•œ ν•œ λ¬Έμž₯μ΄λ‚˜ ν•œ μƒν™©μ—μ„œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ „ν™˜ 쀑 두 가지λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŒμ„ κΉ¨λ‹«κΈ°λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€
09:53
in one situation. "The job was too demanding, so many people quit. Consequently, the company
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. "μž‘μ—…μ΄ λ„ˆλ¬΄ νž˜λ“€μ–΄μ„œ λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ κ·Έλ§Œλ‘μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 결과적으둜 νšŒμ‚¬λŠ”
10:00
hired new employees." So this "so" shows the connection between these two ideas within
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 직원을 κ³ μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€." λ”°λΌμ„œ 이 "so"λŠ” ν•œ λ¬Έμž₯ λ‚΄μ—μ„œ 이 두 아이디어 μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 연결을 λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€
10:08
one sentence. And then, the next sentence shows the consequence of the last sentence, okay?
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. 그리고 λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯은 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ λ¬Έμž₯의 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:15
So don't be afraid to mix them up. You can have more than one idea. One situation resulted
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λ”°λΌμ„œ ν˜Όν•©ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ‘λ €μ›Œν•˜μ§€ λ§ˆμ‹­μ‹œμ˜€. ν•˜λ‚˜ μ΄μƒμ˜ 아이디어λ₯Ό κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 상황은
10:21
in another situation. Is this entire situation resulted in a whole other consequence, for
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 상황을 λ‚³μ•˜λ‹€. 이 전체 상황이 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ μ™„μ „νžˆ λ‹€λ₯Έ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ΄ˆλž˜ν–ˆ
10:27
example, right?
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μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
10:28
And another thing I want to mention, "so" is used in many different ways. Be careful
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그리고 μ œκ°€ μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•˜κ³  싢은 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 것은 "so"λŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©λœλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. "so"의
10:35
that you're using the right form or the right function of "so". I could've written, "The
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μ˜¬λ°”λ₯Έ ν˜•μ‹μ΄λ‚˜ μ˜¬λ°”λ₯Έ κΈ°λŠ₯을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€ μ£Όμ˜ν•˜μ„Έμš”. "
10:40
job was so demanding that many people quit." Okay? That's a little bit of a different form
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λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ κ·Έλ§Œλ‘λŠ” 일이 λ„ˆλ¬΄ νž˜λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."라고 μ“Έ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ’‹μ•„μš”? 그것은
10:48
of "so" because here, we're talking about modifying "demanding". And the "that" would
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"so"의 μ•½κ°„ λ‹€λ₯Έ ν˜•νƒœμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ—¬κΈ°μ„œλŠ” "demanding"을 μˆ˜μ •ν•˜λŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 "저것"은
10:55
be the result part of it. Okay? I don't want to confuse you. I don't want to get into that.
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κ·Έκ²ƒμ˜ κ²°κ³Ό 뢀뢄이 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ’‹μ•„μš”? λ‚˜λŠ” 당신을 ν˜Όλ™ν•˜κ³  싢지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‚˜λŠ” 그것에 λ“€μ–΄κ°€κ³  싢지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:00
Just understand "so" has many uses. Make sure you're using it correctly to join another
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"so"μ—λŠ” λ§Žμ€ μš©λ„κ°€ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€. λ‹€λ₯Έ
11:07
clause to another clause, and they have a logical consequence relationship. And then,
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μ ˆμ„ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ ˆμ— μ‘°μΈν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ˜¬λ°”λ₯΄κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  있고 논리적 κ²°κ³Ό 관계가 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ ν™•μΈν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€. 그리고 λ‚˜μ„œ,
11:13
the next sentence begins with a clause relating again to the last sentence completely.
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λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯은 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ λ¬Έμž₯κ³Ό μ™„μ „νžˆ λ‹€μ‹œ κ΄€λ ¨λœ 절둜 μ‹œμž‘λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:19
Now, one other thing. Some of you may be reading, and you may actually come across this, for
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이제 ν•œ 가지 더. μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ 쀑 μΌλΆ€λŠ” 책을 읽고 μžˆμ„ 수 있으며,
11:24
example, in TOEFL or IELTS, "thus". "Thus" is sometimes mean "like this" or "like that".
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ TOEFLμ΄λ‚˜ IELTSμ—μ„œ "λ”°λΌμ„œ"λ₯Ό μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ ‘ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "κ·Έλž˜μ„œ"λŠ” λ•Œλ•Œλ‘œ "μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ" λ˜λŠ” "μ €λ ‡κ²Œ"λ₯Ό μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:34
Okay? "If the model is thus constructed" -- so if the model is constructed this way or like
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μ’‹μ•„μš”? "λ§Œμ•½ λͺ¨λΈμ΄ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€λ©΄" -- λ”°λΌμ„œ λͺ¨λΈμ΄ 이런 μ‹μœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€λ©΄
11:40
this, the result will vary, and we won't know what the real answer is. So be careful. "Thus"
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κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” λ‹¬λΌμ§ˆ 것이고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ§„μ§œ λŒ€λ‹΅μ΄ 무엇인지 μ•Œ 수 없을 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ 쑰심해. "λ”°λΌμ„œ"λŠ”
11:46
has a completely different meaning. Again, a little bit old-fashioned. People don't really
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μ™„μ „νžˆ λ‹€λ₯Έ 의미λ₯Ό κ°–μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, μ•½κ°„ κ΅¬μ‹μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
11:50
use it very much anymore. But you may see it. Make sure you understand what it means.
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더 이상 그것을 많이 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 당신은 그것을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . 그것이 μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ” λ°”λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€ ν™•μΈν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
11:56
And I didn't mention -- so far, I didn't mention "then". "It's too difficult." Person A says,
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그리고 μ €λŠ” μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€λŠ” "κ·Έλ•Œ"에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "λ„ˆλ¬΄ μ–΄λ ΅λ‹€." Aμ”¨λŠ”
12:03
"It's too difficult." The person says, "Then practice more." This "then" means this is
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"λ„ˆλ¬΄ μ–΄λ ΅λ‹€"κ³  λ§ν•œλ‹€. κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ€ "그럼 더 μ—°μŠ΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”. "라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 "then"은 이것이 μƒν™©μž„μ„ μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
12:08
the situation; this is what you should do, the result. I could say, "So practice more.
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. 이것이 당신이 ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  일이고 κ²°κ³Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. "그럼 더 μ—°μŠ΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
12:14
Then practice more." I will not say, "As a result of it being difficult, you should practice
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그런 λ‹€μŒ 더 μ—°μŠ΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”." " μ–΄λ €μš°λ‹ˆκΉŒ μ—°μŠ΅μ„
12:19
more." Don't say that. Very, very casual. In very casual -- especially spoken -- situations,
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더 해야지"라고 λ§ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그런 말 ν•˜μ§€λ§ˆ μ•„μ£Ό μ•„μ£Ό μΊμ£Όμ–Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 맀우 μΊμ£Όμ–Όν•œ 상황, 특히 말을 ν•˜λŠ” μƒν™©μ—μ„œλŠ”
12:26
you might want to use "then". Again, I could put "hence" here. But I don't want to. I don't
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"then"을 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 여기에 "λ”°λΌμ„œ"λ₯Ό 넣을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그러고 싢지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:34
want you to, either. But if you insist on using "hence", you could put it here. It's
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λ‚˜λ„ μ›ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ "λ”°λΌμ„œ" μ‚¬μš©μ„ κ³ μ§‘ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ 여기에 넣을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그것은
12:38
basically showing the relationship of situation, result. Okay?
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기본적으둜 상황, 결과의 관계λ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ’‹μ•„μš”?
12:44
If you're still not sure, go to www.engvid.com. I've put a quiz up there. You can practice
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μ—¬μ „νžˆ ν™•μ‹€ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 경우 www.engvid.com으둜 μ΄λ™ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€. 거기에 ν€΄μ¦ˆλ₯Ό λ‚΄λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:49
some more with these. Leave questions and comments in the comment section. And also
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μ΄κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ’€ 더 μ—°μŠ΅ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λŒ“κΈ€ μ„Ήμ…˜μ— 질문과 μ˜κ²¬μ„ λ‚¨κ²¨μ£Όμ„Έμš”. 그리고
12:54
subscribe to my YouTube channel. And I'll see you again soon. Thanks.
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제 유튜브 채널도 κ΅¬λ…ν•˜μ„Έμš”. 그리고 곧 λ‹€μ‹œ λ΅™κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ°μ‚¬ν•΄μš”.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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