Advanced English Grammar: Participles

1,089,507 views ใƒป 2017-06-13

Adamโ€™s English Lessons


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:01
Hi.
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00:01
Welcome to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam.
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์•ˆ๋…•.
www.engvid.com์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์•„๋‹ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:04
In today's video we're going to look at participles.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:07
Now, this is a little bit more advanced grammar, but it's very useful and it's used in everyday
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์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ
00:13
speaking, but especially for writing and reading because you're going to see participles everywhere.
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๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŠนํžˆ ์ž‘๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
What participles do is they help you get sentence variety, they help you make your sentences
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๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์–ป๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ณ  , ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์งง๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋ฉฐ,
00:25
shorter, if necessary, they give you a little bit of style.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
00:29
There are two participles that we need to look at, they are called the active or passive participle.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋Šฅ๋™ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋™ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
Sometimes you'll see them as present or past participle.
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
Past participles, you're familiar with.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
Sometimes they're called the verb three, so: "eat", past tense "ate", past participle is "eaten".
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋™์‚ฌ 3์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "๋จน๋‹ค", ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” "๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค", ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” "๋จน๋‹ค"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
Right?
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ?
00:50
So that's the participle.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
Now, especially with the "ing" you have to be careful because "ing" words, although they
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์ž, ํŠนํžˆ "ing"์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "ing" ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”
00:57
are verbs with "ing", they can be pretty much anything.
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"ing"์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๋™์‚ฌ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์‹œ
01:01
They could be a gerund, as you know, so they're nouns; they could be part of the continuous
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๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜• ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:07
verb, so "be going", so: "I am going", it's a continuous action; but "ing" words can also
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "be going", ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: "I am going", ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜• ๋™์ž‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค; ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ "ing" ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”
01:14
be adjectives and adverbs.
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
When they are adjectives and adverbs they are actually participles.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ผ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
So it's very important to recognize them and know how to use them.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
So what I want to do first is I want to look at the adjective participles.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
Now, what you have to remember about adjective participles, they are...
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์ž, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€...
01:35
They are reduced adjective clauses.
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ์ ˆ์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
You know an adjective clause, it's meant to modify a noun.
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
It identifies it or gives extra information about a noun.
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์ด๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
A participle, an adjective participle is that adjective clause minus the subject and the verb.
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๋ถ„์‚ฌ, ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋บ€ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
Okay? But we're going to look at that in a second.
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์ข‹์•„์š”? ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž ์‹œ ํ›„์— ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
So let's look at this sentence first.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋จผ์ € ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
01:57
Oh, sorry, let me...
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01:57
I made a little mistake here.
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์•„, ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ €์งˆ๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
"Dressed in his class-A uniform, the marine looked like a recruitment poster."
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"A๊ธ‰ ์œ ๋‹ˆํผ์„ ์ž…์€ ํ•ด๋ณ‘์€ ์‹ ๋ณ‘๋ชจ์ง‘ ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ ๊ฐ™์•˜๋‹ค."
02:07
So this is the passive or the past participle ending in "ed", it's a regular verb, so: "dressed".
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋‚˜ "ed"๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋™์‚ฌ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ "dressed"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
"Dressed in his class-A uniform".
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" A๊ธ‰ ์œ ๋‹ˆํผ์„ ์ž…๊ณ ".
02:17
Now, if I rearrange the sentence, really, it says:
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์ด์ œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด
02:21
"The marine, who was dressed in his class-A uniform, looked like a recruitment poster."
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"A๊ธ‰ ์ œ๋ณต์„ ์ž…์€ ํ•ด๋ณ‘์€ ๋ชจ์ง‘ ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
02:30
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
02:31
Like a poster that wants people to join the marines, etc.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€์— ์ž…๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
But I can take that adjective clause, I get rid of the "who was" or "who is", depending
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ "who was" ๋˜๋Š” "who is"๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:40
on the tense.
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.
02:42
Get rid of that, and I'm left with a participle phrase.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
Now, I can take that participle phrase and move it to the beginning of the sentence,
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€์„œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:50
just like I have here.
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.
02:51
The key when you're using participles at the beginning...
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์ฒ˜์Œ์— ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ... ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜
02:56
A participle phrase at the beginning of a sentence, you must make sure that the subject,
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์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋Š”
03:02
which is not there but it is understood: who was, who is the marine,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ์ดํ•ด๋˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: who was, who is the marine,
03:07
so the marine who was dressed in his class-A,
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so A๊ธ‰ ๋ณต์žฅ์„ ํ•œ ํ•ด๋ณ‘
03:10
and then the subject of the independent clause must be the same subject.
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๊ณผ ๋…๋ฆฝํ•ญ์˜ ์ฃผ์ฒด๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฃผ์ฒด์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
03:16
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
03:17
We're going to look at a couple more examples.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋” ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
"Standing near the window, Marie could see the entire village."
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"์ฐฝ๊ฐ€์— ์„œ์„œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งˆ์„ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค."
03:24
Look at the other example: "Standing near the window, the entire village was in view."
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. "์ฐฝ๊ฐ€์— ์„œ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋งˆ์„ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
03:31
Now, many people will look at both sentences and think:
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์ด์ œ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
"Yeah, okay, I understand them. They're both correct."
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"๊ทธ๋ž˜, ์•Œ์•˜์–ด. ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ์–ด. ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋งž์•„."
03:37
This sentence is incorrect.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
Why?
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์™œ?
03:41
Because the subject here is "the village".
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” "๋งˆ์„"์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
Can the village stand near the window?
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๋งˆ์„์ด ์ฐฝ๊ฐ€์— ์„ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
03:48
No, it can't.
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์•„๋‹ˆ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด.
03:49
So: "Standing near the window" means Marie.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "์ฐฝ๋ฌธ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ์„œ ์žˆ๋‹ค "๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
"Marie, who was standing near the window, could see the entire village."
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"์ฐฝ๊ฐ€์— ์„œ ์žˆ๋˜ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งˆ์„ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค."
03:59
This subject cannot do this action, so you have to make sure that the implied or the
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์ด ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” ์ด ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ,
04:06
understood subject in the participle is the exact same as the subject of the independent
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๋ถ„์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ฌต์‹œ์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ดํ•ด๋œ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ฐ™์€์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:12
clause that follows it.
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.
04:14
Okay?
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04:14
That's very, very important.
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ, ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
So now what we're going to do, I'm going to look at a few more examples and I want to
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋” ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ตฌ
04:20
show you that you can start the sentence with a participle phrase, but you can also leave
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๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‘˜ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
it in the middle of the sentence.
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.
04:27
Okay? Let's look at that.
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์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์ž.
04:28
Okay, let's look at these examples now and you'll see the different positions the participles
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ์ด์ œ ์ด ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:33
can take.
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.
04:34
And again, we're talking about participle phrases for the most part.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:38
"The jazz musician, known for his tendency to daydream, got into a zone and played for an hour straight."
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"๋ฐฑ์ผ๋ชฝ์„ ๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์žฌ์ฆˆ ๋ฎค์ง€์…˜์ด ๊ตฌ์—ญ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณ„์† ์—ฐ์ฃผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
04:45
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
04:46
So what we're doing here, we're giving you a little bit more information about the musician.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
We're not identifying him.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
We're giving you extra information, which is why we have the commas.
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์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
Because if this was a...
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งŒ์•ฝ...
04:59
If this were a regular adjective clause, it would be a non-identifying adjective clause
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๊ทœ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น„์‹๋ณ„ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
05:04
and I would have...
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์ €๋Š”...
05:12
The tense is not important.
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์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
It can be both.
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
05:15
"He is known" or "He was known", depending on the situation.
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"๊ทธ๋Š” ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค" ๋˜๋Š” "๊ทธ๋Š” ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค" .
05:18
"Who was known", but whenever I have the relative pronoun of the adjective clause working also
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"Who was known", ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ์ ˆ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด๋กœ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ 
05:26
as the subject, and I have a "be" verb, I can take them both out and leave only the
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"be" ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ 
05:32
participle and whatever else comes with it.
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๋ถ„์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์˜ค๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋งŒ ๋‚จ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
If we have a participle and it's only the participle with nothing else after it, that
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๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋’ค์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋งŒ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
05:41
becomes the adjective and it goes before the noun, but I'll show you that after.
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•ž์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๋’ค์—๋Š” ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
So this basically is telling you something about the musician, so it comes in the middle.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
Now, in this sentence: "The woman talking to Jeff is his sister."
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์ž, ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ: " ์ œํ”„์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ˆ„์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." Jeff์™€
05:56
The woman who is talking to Jeff is his sister.
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์—ฌ๋™์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
Now I'm identifying the woman, so I don't have a comma here because it's an identifying
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์ด์ œ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹๋ณ„
06:08
adjective clause and I take out the relative pronoun subject, and again, the "be" verb.
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ "be" ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋นผ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
Now, don't get me wrong.
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์ž, ์˜คํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. "be" ๋™์‚ฌ ์˜†์— ์žˆ๋Š”
06:16
You can make participles with other verbs beside the "be" verb, but we're going to look
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
06:21
at that another time.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
For now this is just the basic structure, the basic way to make participles.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ธ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
And again, identifying the woman.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ, ์—ฌ์ž๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:30
Remember, when we're...
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ๋•Œ...
06:31
When we leave the participle inside a sentence then it's going to come right after the noun
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์•ˆ์— ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋‘˜ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ˆ˜์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋’ค์— ์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:36
it's modifying.
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.
06:37
So you don't have to worry too much about making sure the subjects agree.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋™์˜ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
When you put it at the beginning make sure that the subjects agree,
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์ฒ˜์Œ์— ๋„ฃ์„ ๋•Œ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•”๋ฌต์  ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
06:46
with the implied subject, anyway.
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.
06:48
"The station chief was fired, meaning there's an open position."
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"์—ญ์žฅ์ด ํ•ด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ณต์„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
06:52
Open position means, like, a job you can apply for.
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์˜คํ”ˆ ํฌ์ง€์…˜์€ ์ง€์› ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ง์—…์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
Now, here, again: "which means".
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ: "์ด๊ฒƒ์€"์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
Basically, again, I have the relative pronoun, that's also the subject.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ that๋„ ์ฃผ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
I have an active verb.
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ํ™œ์„ฑ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
I squeeze them both together and I get a participle.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์งœ๋‚ด๊ณ  ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
The "which" refers to the entire independent clause.
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"which"๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ๋…๋ฆฝ ์ ˆ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
07:20
So it doesn't have to be a "be" verb, it can be other verbs, too.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "be" ๋™์‚ฌ์ผ ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™์‚ฌ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
But, again, I'll show you construction in another time because it's a little bit more tricky.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กญ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:28
You can't do it with every adjective clause.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ์ ˆ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:31
You can't do it.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
But this "meaning" is about the entire independent clause and it comes after the comma, because
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด "์˜๋ฏธ"๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ ์ „์ฒด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ์‰ผํ‘œ ๋’ค์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:40
again, it's not an identifying adjective clause and it ends the sentence.
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.
07:44
Now, before I mentioned that if you don't have anything after...
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์ž, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด...
07:49
Right.
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๋งž์•„์š”.
07:50
So if I have, for example: "The broken window".
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด "๊นจ์ง„ ์ฐฝ"์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ.
07:59
"The broken window was fixed."
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"๊นจ์ง„ ์œ ๋ฆฌ์ฐฝ์€ ๊ณ ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
08:02
So imagine the window that was broken, "that" out, "was" out, all I have is "broken".
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๊นจ์ง„ ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. " ์ €๊ฒƒ"์ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ”๊ณ , ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ „๋ถ€๋Š” "๊นจ์ง„" ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
I don't have a whole phrase.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
So when I have only one-word participle, when I only have the one word left over after the
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ๋œ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋งŒ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ์ถ•์†Œ ํ›„ ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋งŒ ๋‚จ์„ ๋•Œ,
08:17
reduction, then I just treat it like a regular adjective and I put it before the noun.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•ž์— ๋†“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
Okay.
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์ข‹์•„์š”.
08:23
And I can do it with an "ing" as well.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "ing"์œผ๋กœ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
Okay.
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์ข‹์•„์š”.
08:26
So far so good.
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์—ฌํƒœ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž˜๋๋‹ค.
08:28
Now we're going to look at adverbs where it gets a little bit more confusing.
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์ด์ œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
Okay, so now we're going to look at participles used as adverbs.
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
So, again, it's very important to understand: What's the difference between an adjective
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ๊ณผ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
08:41
clause and an adverb clause?
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?
08:44
An adjective clause modifies a noun, it gives you extra information about it or it identifies it.
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
An adverb clause shows you a relationship between the adverb clause itself and the independent clause.
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๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ์€ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ ์ž์ฒด์™€ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์‚ฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ๊ตฌ๋„ ์ถ•์•ฝ ์ ˆ์ด๊ธฐ
08:58
Same thing with the participle because an adverb participle phrase is also a reduced clause,
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
it's a reduced adverb clause, but it works in the same way which sometimes can
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์ถ•์•ฝ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ
09:10
be a little bit confusing.
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
So let's look at the examples.
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์ด์ œ ์˜ˆ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
"Given the choice, most people would probably choose good health over good fortune."
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"์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ–‰์šด๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์„ ํƒํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
09:20
So right now you can say: "Most people who are given a choice would probably choose",
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. " ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์„ ํƒํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ 
09:29
you could say that.
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09:29
You could tell me about which people, or you can show me the relationship about when they
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๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ธ์ œ ์ด ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:34
would make this choice.
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.
09:36
Now, this would give you a hint: "would choose".
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ "์„ ํƒํ•  ๊ฒƒ"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํžŒํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
It's a hypothetical.
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๊ฐ€์„ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
So, technically, this is:
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
09:45
"If they were given the choice, most people would probably choose..."
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"๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„..."
09:55
So this is a conditional adverb clause reduced to a conditional participle, adverb participle.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ, ๋ถ€์‚ฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ถ•์†Œ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
So you have your conjunction, your subject, and your verb all squeezed into the participle.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ, ์ฃผ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋กœ ์••์ถ•๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
But again, the subject must agree.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋™์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
Okay? There must be the same subject.
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์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
Even if you don't see the subject here, even though it's not a clause, there is no subject,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ์ ˆ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์ธ๋ฐ
10:20
it's a phrase, there is an implied...
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๋ฌต์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค ...
10:27
An implied or a suggested subject in that participle, and that's the key to remembering
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๊ทธ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์— ํ•จ์ถ•๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•”์‹œ๋œ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธฐ์–ต์˜ ์—ด์‡ ๋‹ค.
10:32
and to using participles.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:34
Here: "Realizing that the...
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Here: "๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๋Š” ์ค‘...
10:37
The..." Sorry.
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10:37
"Realizing that the police were on to him, Bernie quickly moved his millions off shore."
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The..." ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
"๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ซ“๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์€ Bernie๋Š” ์žฌ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ˆ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
10:43
Now, here is where you have a little bit of a problem.
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
This sentence, this participle could be an adjective or it could be an adverb.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ, ์ด ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
When it's not entirely clear, most people will assume or will think of this as an adjective participle.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
So, Bernie who realized that the police were on to him, quickly moved his millions off shore.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ซ“๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์€ ๋ฒ„๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์žฌ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ˆ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:10
Or as he realized or because he realized that the police were on to him,
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๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ซ“๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
11:16
Bernie quickly moved his millions off shore.
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Bernie๋Š” ์žฌ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ˆ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:19
Both of them are correct, both of them are okay.
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์˜ณ๊ณ  ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
But if you ever want to make very sure that your adverb participle is understood as an
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
11:29
adverb participle, sometimes add the conjunction.
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๋ถ€์‚ฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ดํ•ด๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
11:33
You can have the participle, but add the conjunction just to make sure.
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๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ™•์ธ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:37
So if I say: "Delivering his speech to the council, Frank had a heart attack."
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ "ํ‰์˜ํšŒ์— ์—ฐ์„ค์„ ํ•˜๋˜ ์ค‘์— ํ”„๋žญํฌ๋Š” ์‹ฌ์žฅ๋งˆ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์–ด์š”."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด.
11:43
So, Frank, who was delivering his speech to the council, had a heart attack.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ‰์˜ํšŒ์—์„œ ์—ฐ์„ค์„ ํ•˜๋˜ ํ”„๋žญํฌ๋Š” ์‹ฌ์žฅ๋งˆ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:48
But I don't want you to understand that I'm saying something about Frank.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ”„๋žญํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
I'm not saying that.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜
11:54
I'm talking about what happened during the time.
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์ผ์„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:56
So at the same time two things were happening, a longer action and a quick action:
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ๊ธด ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ๋น ๋ฅธ ํ–‰๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
Delivering his speech and had a heart attack.
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์—ฐ์„ค์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ฌ์žฅ๋งˆ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
So, I would add the conjunction "while" to make sure you understand that I'm focusing
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ Frank๋ฅผ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ "while"์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:12
on the adverb relationship, not modifying Frank with an adjective.
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.
12:18
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
12:19
If you're not sure use the conjunction.
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์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
12:22
Now: "She refused to cooperate while targeted by the media."
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ํ˜„์žฌ: "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์–ธ๋ก ์˜ ํ‘œ์ ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํ˜‘์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
12:27
In some cases you have to include the conjunction.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:31
"She refused to cooperate targeted by the media" doesn't make sense.
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"๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์–ธ๋ก ์˜ ํ‘œ์ ์ด ๋œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค "๋Š” ๋ง์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:35
because if you have this as an adjective, then there must be a noun just before it.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•ž์— ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
But here we don't have a noun, we have a verb.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:44
So right away we understand that it's an adverb clause, but we have to use the conjunction
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ
12:49
because by itself it doesn't work.
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์ž์ฒด๋กœ๋Š” ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
12:51
It looks like it could be an adjective.
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๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
12:54
We want to make sure you understand it's an adverb so we add the conjunction, and then
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ
12:58
we can use the participle.
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๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:00
"She refused to cooperate while she was targeted by the media."
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"๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์–ธ๋ก ์˜ ํ‘œ์ ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํ˜‘์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
13:05
Okay, so there you are, an introduction to participles.
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ๊ฐœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:09
I know they're a little bit confusing and a little bit tricky,
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กญ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ 
13:12
but they're used all the time.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:14
And especially if you're going to be doing a reading, if you're going to be doing a test,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŠนํžˆ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋…์„œ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, ์‹œํ—˜์„ ๋ณผ ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋ผ๋ฉด,
13:17
if you're in school and you need to read, if you just want to read newspapers because
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ํ•™๊ต์— ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋…์„œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด,
13:22
newspapers use them a lot, they can make all their writing shorter, you have to understand
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์‹ ๋ฌธ์ด ์‹ ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹ ๋ฌธ์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธ€์„ ๋” ์งง๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋‹น์‹ ์€
13:27
how participles work and you have to know how to use them yourself.
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๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹  ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:32
So, if you have any questions about this, please go to www.engvid.com, you can ask questions
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ www.engvid.com์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ํฌ๋Ÿผ์—์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:39
there in the forum.
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.
13:40
If you like this video, please subscribe to my YouTube channel.
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์ด ์˜์ƒ์ด ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ์‹œ๋ฉด ์ œ ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
13:44
Don't forget to take the quiz back at www.engvid.com.
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www.engvid.com์—์„œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ‘ธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
13:48
And come again, see us soon and we'll have more lessons like this for you.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์„ธ์š”. ๊ณง ๋งŒ๋‚˜์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:52
Thanks.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ด์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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