Learn English Punctuation: How to use hyphens with compound adjectives

375,615 views ใƒป 2015-06-25

Adamโ€™s English Lessons


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:01
Hi again. Welcome back to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam. Today's lesson is grammar. And actually,
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. www.engvid.com์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์•„๋‹ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
00:07
I had quite a few requests for this lesson, because these seem to give people a lot of
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ๊ฝค ๋งŽ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์š”์ฒญ์€
00:12
trouble, especially in writing. Okay? "Compound Adjectives".
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ํŠนํžˆ ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? "๋ณตํ•ฉ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ".
00:16
Firstly, what is a compound adjective? Mostly, you'll notice a compound adjective has the
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๋จผ์ € ๋ณตํ•ฉ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ž€? ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์— ํ•˜์ดํ”ˆ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:22
hyphen in it. Right? It's a two- or three-part... Two- or three-word adjective that, together,
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. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ๋˜๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐœ๋กœ ๋œ... ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ๋˜๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐœ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ๋œ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ชจ์—ฌ์„œ ํ•œ
00:31
acts as one word. Okay? That's very important to remember. It may have one word, it may
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๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
00:36
have two words, it may have three words connected by a hyphen, but they work all together like
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๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ํ•˜์ดํ”ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์„ธ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋‘
00:43
one word, one adjective word. Okay. Let's look at a few examples before we get into
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด, ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”. ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์•Œ์•„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:48
the details of how to construct these.
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.
00:51
"I heard a girl speaking English."
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค."
00:55
"I have an English-speaking friend."
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" ์˜์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”."
00:57
Now, what's the difference between these two? "I heard a girl who was speaking English."
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์ž, ์ด ๋‘˜์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? "๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค."
01:05
or: "I heard a girl with an", gerund. So, this could be a participle, this could be
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๋˜๋Š”: "I heard a girl with an", ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
a gerund; it doesn't matter. It comes after "the girl", and this is what she is doing.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ "์†Œ๋…€" ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
01:16
"I have an English-speaking friend." Now, I can change this sentence and say: "I have
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"์˜์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”." ์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "
01:21
a friend who speaks English." But it's much easier just to say an adjective about the friend.
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์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์นœ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
Now, it's very important to remember an adject-... Sorry, a compound adjective comes before a noun.
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์ด์ œ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค... ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•ž์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
It always becomes before a noun; never after it. If it comes after it, it's no longer
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•ž์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ดํ›„๋กœ๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€ . ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋” ์ด์ƒ
01:44
a compound adjective. There's no more need for the hyphen. Okay? Let's look at more examples.
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๋ณตํ•ฉ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ์ด์ƒ ํ•˜์ดํ”ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
"A strong, healing lotion". Or: "A fast-healing cut". Now, even though it's a fast-healing
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"๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์น˜์œ  ๋กœ์…˜". ๋˜๋Š” "๋น ๋ฅธ ์น˜์œ  ์ƒ์ฒ˜". ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์น˜์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅธ
01:59
cut, I would still want to use a strong, healing lotion. What's the difference, here? Here,
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์ปท์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์น˜์œ  ๋กœ์…˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ
02:04
first of all, you notice the comma. I have two adjectives. It's a strong lotion, it's
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๋จผ์ € ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋กœ์…˜,
02:10
a healing lotion. These are two separate ideas about this noun. Okay? They're not joined
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ํž๋ง ๋กœ์…˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ์ด ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ณ„๊ฐœ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:17
together. Each one affects the lotion. Here, "fast-healing lotion", it's fast and it's
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. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์€ ๋กœ์…˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ "ํšŒ๋ณต ๋กœ์…˜", ๋นจ๋ฆฌ
02:25
healing... "A fast-healing cut", sorry. It's fast and it's healing about this cut.
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์น˜์œ ๋˜๊ณ  ... "ํšŒ๋ณต ๋น ๋ฅธ ์ปท", ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์ด ์ปท์— ํž๋ง์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
So, for example, you go to a doctor and he needs to remove a mole. You have like a little
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์˜์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์„œ ์ ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
thing growing on your arm. So he cuts it, but he's a specialist, he's very professional.
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ํŒ”์— ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž˜๋ž์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
It's a very fast-healing cut. In two days, you won't even know there was a cut there.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์น˜์œ ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ์ฒ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ‹€ ์•ˆ์— ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ƒ์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
Right? So, both these words-this is an adverb-okay?-this is a participle-both work as one word about
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์ด ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด-์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค-๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?-์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค-๋‘˜ ๋‹ค "์ปท"์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:55
"cut". Now, you don't really need to worry about this, but just in case you're interested,
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. ์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜น์‹œ๋ผ๋„ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๊ธ€์„
03:00
if you're writing and you have a word count... For example, IELTS or TOEFL, you have to write
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์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‹จ์–ด ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด... ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด IELTS๋‚˜ TOEFL์€
03:05
250 words or 350 words, respectively. This is one word; not two words. Remember that.
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250๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์จ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 350 ๋‹จ์–ด. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์–ต.
03:12
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
03:13
Next: "A man eating lion". Now, I don't know if people actually eat lions. I don't know
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๋‹ค์Œ: "์‚ฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๋จน๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž". ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๋จน๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
how they would taste. I'm sure they're kind of gamey. It means a little bit strong taste.
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๋ง›์ด ์–ด๋–จ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ง›์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
But I saw a man eating lion. So this man was eating that lion.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๋จน๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๋‚จ์ž๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
But, then I saw: "A man-eating lion" eat the man. How does that work? "A man-eating lion",
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜๋Š” "์‹์ธ ์‚ฌ์ž"๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋จน๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค . ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? "A man-eating lion",
03:38
so this is a compound clause describing "lion". A lion who eats people. Okay? Very different meaning.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ "lion"์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์žก์•„๋จน๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ž. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฏธ.
03:46
So, now you're saying: "Okay, well, where do I put the adjective? Where do I put the
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ "์ข‹์•„์š”, ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋””์— ๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
03:49
compound adjective? Like, before, after, not at all, with a hyphen, without the hyphen?"
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๋ณตํ•ฉ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋””์— ๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ด์ „, ์ดํ›„, ์ „ํ˜€, ํ•˜์ดํ”ˆ์ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•˜์ดํ”ˆ์ด ์—†๋‚˜์š”?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
So this is what we're going to look at next. But, before we do that, this is where people
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ „์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค,
03:59
make the most mistakes in writing, especially English learners. Okay? "My nephew is 10 years
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ํŠนํžˆ ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ข‹์•„์š”? "์ œ ์กฐ์นด๋Š” 10์‚ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:08
old." Okay? With the "s", no hyphen; after the noun, after the "be" verb. But: "I have
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." ์ข‹์•„์š”? "s"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•˜์ดํ”ˆ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋’ค์—, "be" ๋™์‚ฌ ๋’ค์—. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ "
04:19
a 10-year-old nephew." No "s", and two hyphens, and they become before the noun "nephew".
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10 ์‚ด์งœ๋ฆฌ ์กฐ์นด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." "s"๋Š” ์—†๊ณ  ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ•˜์ดํ”ˆ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ช…์‚ฌ "nephew" ์•ž์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
Now, it doesn't matter if you print the number "10" or if you write the word "ten". If you're
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์ด์ œ ์ˆซ์ž "10"์„ ์ธ์‡„ํ•˜๋“  "ten"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋“  ์ƒ๊ด€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
using it as a compound adjective before the noun, then you have the hyphens, you don't
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๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•ž์— ๋ณตํ•ฉ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•˜์ดํ”ˆ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
04:39
have the "s". But let's look at more specific details to know how to use and what sort of
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"s"๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:45
words we can combine to make a compound adjective.
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.
04:49
Okay, so let's see how we construct compound adjectives. There's a few ways to construct
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ๋ณตํ•ฉ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:56
them. We're going to look at two. We're going to look at a few more after that. First of
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. ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„์— ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋” ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
all, you can begin by using an actual adjective or an adverb plus a participle. Again, two
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์šฐ์„  ์‹ค์ œ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์— ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€
05:06
types of participles; "ing" like: "talking" or "looking", or there's the past participle,
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์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "ing"์€ "talking" ๋˜๋Š” "looking"๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š”
05:12
which is "ed" or irregular verb, however that ends. Right? Oh, sorry. My mistake here. There
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"ed" ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ์•„, ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‚ด ์‹ค์ˆ˜. ์ž
05:20
you go. "Known" or "eyed". We'll talk about that "eyed" in a second.
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. "์•Œ๋ ค์ง„" ๋˜๋Š” "๋ˆˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„". ๊ทธ "๋ˆˆ"์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ž ์‹œ ํ›„์— ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
So, what you do, you join the adjective or the adverb, plus the hyphen, plus the participle.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋“  ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ, ํ•˜์ดํ”ˆ, ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
So: "Fast-talking", like a fast-talking salesman. He knows exactly what to say. He talks fast;
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ์ผ์ฆˆ๋งจ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ "๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š”". ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.
05:35
you can't keep up. You don't understand what he's saying. Next thing you know, you're signing
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€
05:40
for a brand new car. You don't even know what you paid. He's a fast-talking salesman.
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์ƒˆ ์ฐจ์— ์„œ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€์กฐ์ฐจ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ง์ด ๋น ๋ฅธ ์„ธ์ผ์ฆˆ๋งจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
"Good-looking". A good-looking girl, a good-looking boy, etc.
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"์ž˜์ƒ๊ฒผ๋‹ค". ์ž˜์ƒ๊ธด ์—ฌ์ž, ์ž˜์ƒ๊ธด ๋‚จ์ž ๋“ฑ
05:48
"Blue-eyed". Somebody who has blue eyes, you could say: "A blue-eyed man", or: "A blue-eyed
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"ํŒŒ๋ž€ ๋ˆˆ". ํŒŒ๋ž€ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ "ํŒŒ๋ž€ ๋ˆˆ์˜ ๋‚จ์ž" ๋˜๋Š” "ํŒŒ๋ž€ ๋ˆˆ์˜
05:54
woman", "A blue-eyed child".
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์—ฌ์ž", "ํŒŒ๋ž€ ๋ˆˆ์˜ ์•„์ด"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
"Well-known". A well-known professor. Now, again, very, very important to remember, all
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"์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„". ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๊ต์ˆ˜. ์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋งค์šฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด
06:03
of these would come before the noun.
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๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•ž์— ์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
So: "She is a good-looking girl.", "She is good looking." They mean the same. The two
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž˜์ƒ๊ฒผ์–ด.", "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž˜์ƒ๊ฒผ์–ด." ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘
06:13
sentences mean exactly the same way, but... Mean exactly the same thing, but different
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋œป์ด์ง€๋งŒ... ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
06:19
structure. Okay. Sorry, I just realized another one. "Participle". Okay. Participle. So, this
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๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”. ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ถ„์‚ฌ". ์ข‹์•„์š”. ๋ถ„์‚ฌ. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
06:30
is the participle, this is the participle, but: after the verb, no hyphen; before the
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๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋™์‚ฌ ๋’ค์—๋Š” ํ•˜์ดํ”ˆ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์‚ฌ ์•ž์—
06:37
verb, hyphen. Both of these about the noun.
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ํ•˜์ดํ”ˆ. ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
Now, I talked about blue-eyed. Now you're thinking: "'Eye' is not a verb." I mean, it
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์ด์ œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ž€ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ "'๋ˆˆ'์€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ๋ง์€, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
06:47
is a verb, you can eye something. Means you can see it and want it. But in this case,
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๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€
06:51
it just means to have something.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
So, body parts, for some reason, we can turn into participles. "Hair", "a dark-haired woman",
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹ ์ฒด ๋ถ€์œ„๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋จธ๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฝ", "๊ฒ€์€ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์—ฌ์ž",
07:02
"a brown-eyed boy", "a long-nosed man", "a thick-lipped woman", "a wide-bodied truck".
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"๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰ ๋ˆˆ์˜ ์†Œ๋…„", "์ฝ”๊ฐ€ ๊ธด ๋‚จ์ž", "์ž…์ˆ  ๋‘๊บผ์šด ์—ฌ์ž", "๋„“์€ ์ฐจ์ฒด ํŠธ๋Ÿญ".
07:13
It doesn't have to be about a person, actually. We can use body for many things, but you could
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชธ์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
07:18
say... You know, so say: "Bone", like... Sometimes people say like for heavy people, we say:
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค... ์•Œ ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ,
07:27
"Big-boned". Not very nice thing to say, but people say it. Just so you know... And there's
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"๋ผˆ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ข‹์€ ๋ง์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ... ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
07:33
other verbs, but I'm not going to talk about those today; they don't have anything to do
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…๊ณผ ์•„๋ฌด ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:37
with this lesson. So, body parts, you can turn into participles, add an adjective, and
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹ ์ฒด ๋ถ€์œ„๋Š” ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€” ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
07:42
you have a compound adjective.
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๋ณตํ•ฉ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
Now, you can also use a noun plus a participle to create a compound adjective. Okay?
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์ด์ œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
07:53
"Sun-dried tomatoes", these are very delicious. You put them on your pasta, whatever you do.
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"์„ ๋“œ๋ผ์ด ํ† ๋งˆํ† ", ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ง›์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋“ ์ง€ ํŒŒ์Šคํƒ€์— ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
"A blood-sucking leech", now, I'm not sure if you know what a leech is. A leech is a
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"ํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋นจ์•„๋จน๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋จธ๋ฆฌ", ์ด์ œ ๊ฑฐ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ”์ง€ ์•„์‹ค์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
08:02
very, very tiny, little worm that it comes onto your body, like usually in a tropical
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ด๋Œ€
08:08
place, humid, lots of water, standing water. It'll crawl up, you won't even know it's there.
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์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜ ์Šตํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์ด ๋งŽ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์ด ๊ณ ์ธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ชธ์— ์˜ค๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ์–ด์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์กฐ์ฐจ ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
It'll start sucking your blood, and it gets bigger, and bigger, and bigger. Sometimes
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋นจ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ์ ์  ๋” ์ปค์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ
08:18
they can get this big, full of your blood. And they're very hard to get off; they like
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํ”ผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐจ์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ปค์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ถ™์ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:23
to stick. But they are blood-sucking leeches. Okay? So, this, we have "blood", we have the
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋นจ์•„๋จน๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ "ํ”ผ"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , "
08:30
participle "sucking" about the "leech". This is what they do.
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๊ฑฐ๋จธ๋ฆฌ"์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด "๋น ๋Š”" ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
Now, let's say Beyoncรฉ, I don't know, whoever you like, releases a new album and she has
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์ด์ œ Beyoncรฉ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ด๋“  ๊ฐ„์— ์ƒˆ ์•จ๋ฒ”์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€
08:41
record-breaking sales. Huge sales. The records, the most sales by an artist, broke them. But
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๊ธฐ๋ก์ ์ธ ํŒ๋งค๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํŒ๋งค. ์•„ํ‹ฐ์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ํŒ๋งค๋Ÿ‰ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ด ๊นจ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
08:51
again, this, an adjective for that. Okay, we have adjectives, adverbs, and participles.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ, ๋ถ€์‚ฌ, ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
We have nouns and participles. Let's look at a few more.
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๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋” ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
Okay, last few examples to look at. Very important to remember, when you're using numbers, numbers
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์ข‹์•„, ๋ณผ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ. ์ˆซ์ž์™€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
plus nouns to describe another noun, although there's no adjective involved here, although
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
09:15
technically numbers are adjectives, but the whole thing becomes an adjective to that noun.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆซ์ž๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
Okay? So, "a 10-storey building". So: "Across the street they're building a 10-storey building."
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์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "10์ธต ๊ฑด๋ฌผ". ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ " ๊ธธ ๊ฑด๋„ˆํŽธ์— 10์ธต ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์ง“๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
09:27
Okay? They're putting up a 10-storey building. So notice we have "10". Even if you write
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์ข‹์•„์š”? 10์ธต ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์ง“๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "10"์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
the word "ten", it doesn't matter. It's still a number plus a noun that, together, are used
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"์‹ญ"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์จ๋„ ์ƒ๊ด€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ˆซ์ž์™€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
09:38
as an adjective for the building, for the other noun. So make sure you have the dash.
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋Œ€์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
09:44
But if you talk about the building and you talk about how many stories it has and you
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด ๋ช‡ ์ธต์ธ์ง€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ 
09:50
put it after the building, then that building has "10 stories" with the "s", okay?
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๋’ค์— ๋„ฃ์œผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์—๋Š” " s"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” "10์ธต"์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
"That building has 10 stories." Just remember add the "s" after the noun; with a hyphen, no "s".
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"๊ทธ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ 10์ธต์ด์•ผ." ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋’ค์— "s"๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ํ•˜์ดํ”ˆ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  "s"๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
Your teacher in university, and this is very common, so when you get to university, be
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํ”ํ•œ ์ผ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ๊ฐ€๋ฉด
10:14
prepared to write "10-page essays". Not "10 pages essays", "10-page essays". You can put
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"10ํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ์—์„ธ์ด"๋ฅผ ์“ธ ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. "10 ํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ์—์„ธ์ด", "10ํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ์—์„ธ์ด"๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
a "one-page"... Sorry, "A one 10-page essay", or: "10 page essays". Again, if you put it
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"ํ•œ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€"... ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "10ํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ์—์„ธ์ด" ๋˜๋Š” "10ํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ์—์„ธ์ด"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
10:31
after, the essay needs to be 10 pages.
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๋’ค์— ๋„ฃ์œผ๋ฉด ์—์„ธ์ด๋Š” 10ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
We already spoke about this. "10-year-old boy". "A boy who is 10 years old". Now, you'll
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "10์‚ด ์†Œ๋…„". "10์‚ด ์†Œ๋…„". ์ด์ œ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€
10:41
also notice I said you will have to write... Let's say I'm the professor. You're joining
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ธ€์„ ์จ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค... ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€
10:45
my course. Over the whole year, you will have to write five 10-page essays. So don't worry
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๋‚ด ๊ณผ์ •์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ 5๊ฐœ์˜ 10ํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ์—์„ธ์ด๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ
10:53
about this number. This is a different 5 essays, 10 pages each. So: "Five 10-page essays".
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์ด ์ˆซ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๊ฐ๊ฐ 10ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์”ฉ 5๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—์„ธ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: "5๊ฐœ์˜ 10ํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ์—์„ธ์ด".
11:01
Okay? And again, when you're speaking, you'll have to make that pause on the comma. In writing,
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์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ, ์‰ผํ‘œ์—์„œ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ,
11:07
it's obvious, it's clear.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
Last one, when you have number plus measure... time or any other measure. So, I have to work
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ˆซ์ž ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’... ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
11:15
an "8-hour shift" today. An "8-hour" is an adjective for the type of shift. "8-hour".
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์˜ค๋Š˜์€ "8์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ต๋Œ€ ๊ทผ๋ฌด"๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "8์‹œ๊ฐ„"์€ ๊ต๋Œ€ ๊ทผ๋ฌด ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "8์‹œ๊ฐ„". ํ”ผํŠธ, ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ, ์˜จ์Šค, ๋ฆฌํ„ฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€
11:23
Any other measure, like you're talking about feet, you're talking about pounds, you're
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:25
talking about ounces, you're talking about litres. It doesn't matter what the unit of
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. ์ธก์ • ๋‹จ์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:30
measure is, if you're putting a number before it, and the number plus the measure describe
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. ์•ž์— ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ๊ณ  ์ˆซ์ž์™€ ์ธก์ • ๋‹จ์œ„๊ฐ€
11:35
the noun, make sure you have your hyphen. And again, not: "five-feet wall", "five-foot
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๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•˜์ดํ”ˆ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ "5ํ”ผํŠธ ๋ฒฝ", "5ํ”ผํŠธ
11:43
wall". That wall is five feet high. It is a five-foot-high wall. And if you want to
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๋ฒฝ"์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋ฒฝ์˜ ๋†’์ด๋Š” 5ํ”ผํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 5ํ”ผํŠธ ๋†’์ด์˜ ๋ฒฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
11:52
put the "high", you don't need to, but if you want to, then you got a three-word compound
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"๋†’์Œ"์„ ๋„ฃ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์„ธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ๋œ ๋ณตํ•ฉ
11:56
adjective; you have two hyphens. Okay? Same story applies for plural before or after.
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ•˜์ดํ”ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์ด์ „ ๋˜๋Š” ์ดํ›„์— ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์— ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
This is an irregular plural; "one-foot", "two feet", doesn't matter. Same rule applies.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "ํ•œ ๋ฐœ", "๋‘ ๋ฐœ"์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
After the noun, "feet"; before the noun, "foot".
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๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋’ค์— "๋ฐœ"; ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•ž์— "๋ฐœ".
12:12
Now, if you have any questions about compound adjectives, please feel free to ask me on
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์ด์ œ ๋ณตํ•ฉํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹œ๋ฉด www.engvid.com ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€๋ž€ ์— ํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”
12:18
www.engvid.com in the comment section under the quiz. Of course, take the quiz and practice
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. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€๊ณ 
12:24
all of this. And don't forget to subscribe to my YouToo channel... YouTube channel. Sorry.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด YouToo ์ฑ„๋„... YouTube ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
See you again soon. Bye.
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๊ณง ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณด์ž. ์•ˆ๋…•.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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