Prepositions in English: ABOVE, OVER, ON, ON TOP

522,991 views ใƒป 2017-03-18

Adamโ€™s English Lessons


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:01
Hi. I'm Adam.
0
1835
1602
์•ˆ๋…•. ์ €๋Š” ์•„๋‹ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:03
Welcome to www.engvid.com.
1
3462
2058
www.engvid.com์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:05
In today's video we're going to look at the difference between the prepositions:
2
5520
4611
์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ๋น„๋””์˜ค์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ
00:10
"over", "above", "on", and "on top of".
3
10156
3794
"over", "above", "on" ๋ฐ "on top of"์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:13
Now, in many cases you will find or you will hear native English speakers mixing these up.
4
13950
6180
์ž, ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์„ž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
They're... In some cases they're interchangeable.
5
20155
3025
๊ทธ๋“ค์€... ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ตํ™˜์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
If you use "over" or "above" or "on", everybody will understand you, the idea will be clear,
6
23180
6720
"over" ๋˜๋Š” "above" ๋˜๋Š” "on"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ 
00:29
the image of the situation will be clear, but there are certain situations where you
7
29900
5799
์ƒํ™ฉ์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ด์ง€์ง€ ๋งŒ ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:35
must use one or the other.
8
35699
2500
.
00:38
So, we're going to look at all of these and I'm going to give you the specifics, and then
9
38199
3950
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์„œ๋กœ
00:42
I'm going to give you some more sample sentences to see where they can be interchangeable and
10
42149
4971
๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ณณ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ ๋” ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:47
where they can't.
11
47120
1029
.
00:48
Okay?
12
48149
1000
์ข‹์•„์š”?
00:49
So: "over", when do we use "over"?
13
49149
2721
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: "over", ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ "over"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:51
So, first of all, all of these prepositions talk about a higher position.
14
51870
5351
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ์„ , ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋” ๋†’์€ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
When we use "over" we're generally speaking about the movement of something higher.
15
57246
6108
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ "over"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๋†’์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
Right?
16
63379
612
์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ?
01:04
So: "The clouds moved over the city."
17
64016
3121
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ : "๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์ด ๋„์‹œ ์œ„๋กœ ์›€์ง์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
01:07
What does this mean?
18
67162
1620
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?
01:09
It doesn't mean that the clouds came and then just stayed there.
19
69673
3745
๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์ด ์™”๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋ €๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
No.
20
73443
514
01:13
"Over" means they came and they passed, and they kept going. Right?
21
73982
3762
์•„๋‹ˆ์š”.
"์˜ค๋ฒ„"๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์™”๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ”๊ณ  ๊ณ„์† ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ?
01:17
So we always have that idea of movement when we're talking about "over".
22
77769
3916
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "์˜ค๋ฒ„"์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์›€์ง์ž„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:21
The sheep jumped over the fence.
23
81710
3396
์–‘์ด ์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋›ฐ์–ด ๋„˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
They didn't jump above the fence, because then they would just be stuck there.
24
85131
3732
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ ์œ„๋กœ ์ ํ”„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ‡ํžˆ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
There's the fence, there's above, the sheep is in the middle of the air.
25
88888
3475
์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์œ„์— ์žˆ๊ณ , ์–‘์ด ํ—ˆ๊ณต์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
Sounds a little bit strange.
26
92388
1282
์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
So they jumped over the fence, with movement.
27
93670
3860
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์›€์ง์ด๋ฉด์„œ ์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋›ฐ์–ด ๋„˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
We use "over" with numbers.
28
97530
1840
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆซ์ž์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ "over"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
Basically, it means more than, but we use it specifically with numbers.
29
99370
5381
๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŠนํžˆ ์ˆซ์ž์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
I think you got my message there.
30
110728
1742
๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋‚ด ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์ค‘์—
01:52
I'm going to have dirty fingers later, but that's okay.
31
112470
2550
์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์ด ๋”๋Ÿฌ์›Œ์ง€๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”.
01:55
There's soap.
32
115045
1000
๋น„๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
More than.
33
116210
578
01:56
"Over 100 people came to the party."
34
116813
2642
์ด์ƒ.
"100๋ช…์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
01:59
Means more than 100 people came to the party.
35
119480
3460
100๋ช…์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค.
02:02
So, sometimes you'll see something like this: "100+" it just basically means "over", or:
36
122940
7138
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "100+"๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ "๋๋‚ฌ๋‹ค" ๋˜๋Š”
02:10
"100+ people came".
37
130103
2010
"100+ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
We use this with numbers.
38
132276
1500
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ˆซ์ž์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
"Cover".
39
133801
1000
"์”Œ์šฐ๋‹ค".
02:14
"To cover something" means to put something on top of, but it doesn't necessarily have
40
134826
3330
"๋ฎ๋‹ค"๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ์œ„์— ์–น๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ง€๋งŒ , ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ
02:18
to be one on top of the other.
41
138181
2379
๊ฒน๊ฒน์ด ๊ฒน์น  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
It just means to cover, to put some sort of protection on something.
42
140560
4313
๋ฎ๋‹ค, ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:24
So: "Put a hand over your mouth when you cough."
43
144898
3492
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "๊ธฐ์นจํ•  ๋•Œ ์†์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์„ ๋ง‰์œผ์„ธ์š” ."
02:28
[Coughs] That's my pen thing.
44
148390
3580
[๊ธฐ์นจ] ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด ํŽœ์ด์•ผ.
02:31
Okay.
45
151970
1000
์ข‹์•„์š”.
02:32
Prefix.
46
152970
555
์ ‘๋‘์‚ฌ.
02:33
We also use "over" as a prefix with nouns, adjectives, or verbs sometimes to, again,
47
153550
6525
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ, ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์ ‘๋‘์‚ฌ๋กœ "over"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
it's...
48
160100
369
02:40
The idea is more than, but it's also in terms of the verb it means extra, beyond what is
49
160494
7146
02:47
normal or beyond what is necessary.
50
167665
2398
ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค.
02:50
So, if someone is "overweight" means they have too much weight.
51
170088
4846
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ "๊ณผ์ฒด์ค‘"์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์ฒด์ค‘์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
Okay? Obese.
52
174959
1343
์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋šฑ๋šฑํ•œ.
02:56
Not necessarily obese.
53
176576
1358
๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๋น„๋งŒ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
Obese is even more overweight than overweight, but again, not thin.
54
177959
5070
๋น„๋งŒ์€ ๊ณผ์ฒด์ค‘๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ณผ์ฒด์ค‘์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚ ์”ฌํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
To "overestimate", so you have to guess a certain level of something.
55
183356
5660
"๊ณผ๋Œ€ ํ‰๊ฐ€"ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ํŠน์ • ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์ถ”์ธกํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
So I think there will be 100 people at my party, but I overestimated.
56
189041
6250
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์—๋Š” 100๋ช… ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
What does that mean?
57
195316
1000
๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ด์•ผ?
03:16
It means that only 75 people came, so I guessed too far.
58
196341
4690
75๋ช…๋งŒ ์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ˆ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ณผํ•œ ์ถ”์ธก์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
I reached too far with my guess.
59
201056
2850
๋‚ด ์ถ”์ธก์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋„๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
"Override" basically means take control of.
60
203970
3944
"์žฌ์ •์˜"๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์–ด๊ถŒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
So if I...
61
207939
1000
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€... ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
03:28
If a system, whatever system we're looking at is controlled by a computer, I can override
62
208964
5860
๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ œ์–ด๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋‚˜๋Š”
03:34
the computer, I can basically put my power over the computer's power-higher than, stronger
63
214849
6021
์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฌดํšจํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด ํž˜์„ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์˜ ํž˜์— ๋„˜๊ธธ
03:40
than-and I can take control of the system.
64
220870
3161
์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ œ์–ด.
03:44
"Overzealous", too much zealous.
65
224667
2738
"์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ", ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์—ด์„ฑ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
So, another way to think of it is "too".
66
227430
2540
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ "๋„ˆ๋ฌด"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
"Zealous" means like eager, really wanting to do, really have a very focused motivation
67
230678
4832
"์—ด์‹ฌ"์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ง‘์ค‘๋œ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:55
for something.
68
235510
690
.
03:56
If you're overzealous, you have too much of this thing, above the normal level.
69
236225
5976
๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์—ด์‹ฌ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ •์ƒ ์ˆ˜์ค€๋ณด๋‹ค ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
So, now, speaking of the normal level: "above".
70
242724
3826
์ด์ œ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด "์œ„"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
Two...
71
246550
1000
๋‘...
04:07
Two ways to use this.
72
247550
1019
์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•.
04:08
One is, of course, in terms of like physical relationship.
73
248569
3474
ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
Something is higher in relation to something else.
74
252068
2890
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
But generally it is on the same plane.
75
255074
3180
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ผํ•œ ํ‰๋ฉด์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
Now, what does "plane" mean?
76
258279
2090
์ž, "๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ"๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:20
In terms of space, something is on a same line I guess you could say.
77
260517
5720
๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ค„์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
Right? If you have a wall, so something is above something on the wall.
78
266262
4748
์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ๋ฒฝ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฒฝ ์œ„์˜ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ์œ„์— ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
So, "over" is listed above "above" because they're on a flat plane, on the flat whiteboard,
79
271010
7953
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "over"๋Š” "above" ์œ„์— ๋‚˜์—ด๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‰ํ‰ํ•œ ํ‰๋ฉด์— ์žˆ๊ณ  ํ‰ํ‰ํ•œ ํ™”์ดํŠธ๋ณด๋“œ์—์„œ
04:38
one is higher than the other.
80
278988
1969
ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
Now, if we go back to the clouds: "The clouds lingered above the city."
81
281020
5290
์ด์ œ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋ฉด "๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์ด ๋„์‹œ ์œ„์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋ €๋‹ค."
04:46
"Lingered" means basically hung around or stayed for a little while.
82
286310
4232
"Lingered"๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด์Šฌ๋  ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž ์‹œ ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋ €๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
So here came the clouds.
83
290567
1485
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
Everybody thought the clouds would go over the city, but the clouds came and then they
84
292077
5058
๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์ด ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋ฎ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์ด ์™€์„œ
04:57
just sort of lingered above the city.
85
297160
2297
๋„์‹œ ์œ„์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
Here is the city, here are the clouds.
86
299482
2083
์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์ด๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
They're on the same plane, on the same general area of space.
87
301590
5554
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ‰๋ฉด์— ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์˜์—ญ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
One is higher than the other.
88
307169
1790
ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
So that's the most common use of "above".
89
309033
3060
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด "์œ„"์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์šฉ๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ค€์ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ
05:12
We also use "above" when we refer to a higher position than a reference point.
90
312118
7060
๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ฌ ๋•Œ๋„ "์œ„"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:19
Now, what is a "reference point"?
91
319428
1632
์ด์ œ "๊ธฐ์ค€์ "์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:21
Means the point by which we compare everything to or that we relate everything to.
92
321060
6570
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ด€๋ จ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ง€์ ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
So, if we talk about average...
93
327655
2285
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ํ‰๊ท ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉด...
05:29
Okay?
94
329940
1080
์•Œ์•˜์ง€?
05:31
Let's say we're talking about the house prices in the city.
95
331020
3220
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์ง‘๊ฐ’์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
05:34
The average house price is half a million dollars.
96
334240
3399
ํ‰๊ท  ์ง‘๊ฐ’์€ 50๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
Okay?
97
337639
638
์ข‹์•„์š”?
05:38
We look at all the houses that have been sold in the last little while, the most, the least,
98
338302
4951
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ํŒ”๋ฆฐ ์ง‘, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ๊ฒŒ ํŒ”๋ฆฐ ์ง‘
05:43
etc., we add them all together, divide by how many houses, and that's your average.
99
343278
4609
๋“ฑ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง‘ ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆˆ ๊ฐ’์ด ํ‰๊ท ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
So from this average if a house is selling for 700,000, it is above average price, above
100
348065
7911
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ํ‰๊ท ์—์„œ ์ง‘์ด 700,000์— ํŒ”๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ํ‰๊ท  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ด์ƒ,
05:56
average cost.
101
356001
1529
ํ‰๊ท  ๋น„์šฉ ์ด์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
If it's selling for 300,000, it's below average.
102
357555
3551
300,000์— ํŒ”๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ‰๊ท  ์ดํ•˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
We're going to look at "below" in another lesson.
103
361131
1830
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ "์•„๋ž˜"๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
Okay?
104
363020
1000
์ข‹์•„์š”?
06:04
"Above average", "above freezing".
105
364020
2386
"ํ‰๊ท  ์ด์ƒ", "๋™๊ฒฐ ์ด์ƒ".
06:06
Now, "freezing" basically means zero degrees.
106
366431
3196
์ด์ œ "๋™๊ฒฐ"์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ 0๋„๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
So although zero is a number, it's not the same as this number.
107
369652
4030
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 0์€ ์ˆซ์ž์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์ˆซ์ž์™€ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
It's a point, a point on a scale, a temperature scale.
108
373707
5058
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•œ ์ , ์ €์šธ์˜ ํ•œ ์  , ์˜จ๋„ ๋ˆˆ๊ธˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
Zero is freezing, then plus one, plus two degrees, minus one, minus two degrees.
109
378790
5324
0๋„๋Š” ๊ฝ๊ฝ ์–ผ์–ด๋ถ™์€ ๋‹ค์Œ +1, +2๋„, -1, -2๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
Celsius, of course, I'm talking about.
110
384139
2681
๋ฌผ๋ก  ์„ญ์”จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
"Above expectations".
111
387313
1432
"๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ์ด์ƒ".
06:29
So, for example, I hire you to work for me.
112
389575
2629
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผํ•  ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
I'm the boss.
113
392229
1410
๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์žฅ์ด์•ผ.
06:33
I have certain expectations.
114
393830
1350
๋‚˜๋Š” ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
This is where I expect you to work or certain standards.
115
395205
3130
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ผํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํŠน์ • ํ‘œ์ค€์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
If you work at this level, more than I expected, then you have gone above expectations.
116
398360
6342
๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ด ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
Okay? And I'm very happy about that, of course.
117
404727
3313
์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
Lastly, we have "on" or "on top of".
118
408040
3191
๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ "on" ๋˜๋Š” "on top of"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
"On"...
119
411256
857
"์ผœ๊ธฐ"...
06:52
They're basically more the same.
120
412484
1652
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
"On top of" is on, on something usually.
121
414161
3659
"On top of"๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ ์œ„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
Okay?
122
417820
1000
์ข‹์•„์š”?
06:58
We talk about in relation to something, so you're always going to have an object, but
123
418820
5130
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ
07:03
most commonly you have a surface.
124
423950
2279
๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
Okay?
125
426229
1000
์ข‹์•„์š”?
07:07
So put the books...
126
427229
1331
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฑ…์„ ๋†“๊ณ ...
07:08
"Put the book on the table."
127
428560
2130
"์ฑ…์„ ํƒ์ž ์œ„์— ์˜ฌ๋ ค ๋†“์œผ์„ธ์š”."
07:10
Here's a table, put the book on it.
128
430690
2400
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์œ„์— ์ฑ…์„ ์˜ฌ๋ ค ๋†“์œผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
07:13
Okay?
129
433262
828
์ข‹์•„์š”?
07:14
Now, if I have a table and I have some books on it:
130
434090
4430
์ด์ œ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์œ„์— ์ฑ…์ด ๋ช‡ ๊ถŒ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
07:18
"Put the books on top of the books on the table."
131
438545
4235
"ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฑ… ์œ„์— ์ฑ…์„ ์˜ฌ๋ ค ๋†“์œผ์„ธ์š” ."
07:22
So I'm not going to use "on, on" twice.
132
442780
1830
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” "on, on"์„ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
I'm not going to use "on" twice to relate to something.
133
444610
3869
์ €๋Š” "on"์„ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
I'll use "on" for one, I'll use "on top of" for the other.
134
448479
3560
ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” "on"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” "on top of"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
And "on top of" usually has the idea of touching.
135
452039
4021
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "on top of"๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ๋งŒ์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
So something is touching something else, but it's higher than it.
136
456060
2770
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
"Above" there's space, "on" usually no space or "on top of" there's no space.
137
458830
5929
"์œ„"์—๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  "์œ„"์—๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ "์œ„"์—๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
Okay?
138
464759
1000
์ข‹์•„์š”?
07:45
So, again, these are the specifics.
139
465759
2301
๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
Now we're going to look at a few sample sentences to see where they're sometimes interchangeable,
140
468085
4724
์ด์ œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์„œ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ, ๋‘˜ ์ค‘
07:52
where you can use one or the other and get the same meaning.
141
472834
3960
ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
Okay, so we're going to...
142
477151
1119
์ข‹์•„์š”, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”...
07:58
We're going to look at a couple of sentences, or three sentences actually to show you that
143
478270
4280
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
08:02
sometimes they are interchangeable.
144
482612
1639
๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ตํ™˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋˜๋Š” ์„ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
So, you have a little fireplace where in the winter you have a nice fire,
145
484276
4048
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ž‘์€ ๋ฒฝ๋‚œ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ฒจ์šธ์—๋Š” ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋ชจ๋‹ฅ๋ถˆ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
08:08
you have a nice painting.
146
488349
1511
๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
"Let's hang the painting over the fireplace.",
147
489860
2730
"๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ฒฝ๋‚œ๋กœ ์œ„์— ๊ฑธ์ž.",
08:12
"Let's hang the painting above the fireplace."
148
492837
2482
"๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ฒฝ๋‚œ๋กœ ์œ„์— ๊ฑธ์ž."
08:15
In this case both would be acceptable.
149
495319
2173
์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
People use either one interchangeably.
150
497517
2800
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
The idea is very clear.
151
500462
1643
์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
Now, technically, "over" there's nothing moving, but we use "over" to mean when two things
152
502130
6509
์ด์ œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ "over"๋Š” ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†์ง€๋งŒ "over"๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€
08:28
are very related and stationary as well.
153
508639
2661
๋งค์šฐ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ณ ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
Do you want to use it?
154
511706
1429
์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:33
That's up to you.
155
513160
1000
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
If you don't, "above" is okay.
156
514185
1769
๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ "์œ„"๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
Keep in mind people do use "over" regularly in these situations, and therefore it's acceptable.
157
515979
5690
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ "over"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
Okay.
158
521669
1000
์ข‹์•„์š”.
08:42
"Can you please put a blanket over my legs?"
159
522669
2821
" ์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ์œ„์— ๋‹ด์š”๋ฅผ ๋ฎ์–ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?"
08:45
I'm lying down, I'm cold.
160
525490
1280
๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„์›Œ์žˆ๋‹ค, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ถฅ๋‹ค. ์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ์œ„์—
08:46
Can you put a blanket over my legs?
161
526770
2297
๋‹ด์š”๋ฅผ ๋ฎ์–ด์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š” ?
08:49
Means cover.
162
529092
1000
๋ฎ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
So we said, like, cover your hand when you cough.
163
530117
2381
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์นจํ•  ๋•Œ ์†์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
Cover my legs.
164
532523
1000
๋‚ด ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ ค.
08:53
Same idea.
165
533548
1000
๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ.
08:54
Or: "Put them on my legs".
166
534573
2190
๋˜๋Š” : "๋‚ด ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ฌ๋ ค ๋†“์œผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค".
08:56
So I'm lying down, just put it on top.
167
536788
2905
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„์›Œ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์œ„์— ์˜ฌ๋ ค ๋†“์œผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
08:59
Okay? Now, I just want to show you another use of "on top of", a very common expression:
168
539718
5395
์ข‹์•„์š”? ์ด์ œ "on top of"์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์šฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "on top of"๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:05
"On top of all my other problems, I have a new boss to deal with."
169
545138
4645
.
09:09
So now technically there's no thing here.
170
549808
2700
์ด์ œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
A problem is an abstract noun, it's just an idea.
171
552533
3890
๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ถ”์ƒ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
But you can stack things, one on top of the other.
172
556448
3440
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์œ„์— ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์Œ“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:19
So when you have a pile, one goes on top of the other, you can do this with imaginary
173
559913
5320
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋”๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ ์œ„์— ์Œ“์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:25
things as well.
174
565258
1080
.
09:26
Another way to think of this:
175
566363
1787
์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
09:28
"In addition to all my other problems, I have another one."
176
568175
5050
"๋‚˜์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์ œ ์™ธ์—๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
But we use this very commonly because it's like my problems are stacking up.
177
573250
4560
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์Œ“์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
Okay? But the same idea, something on top of something else, touching.
178
578044
3690
์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ ์œ„์— ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๋™์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:41
Touching, making a pile.
179
581759
2155
๋งŒ์ง€๊ณ  ๋”๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
Okay?
180
584558
786
์ข‹์•„์š”?
09:47
So that's basically it.
181
587093
1227
๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
So, more or less...
182
588345
1170
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๋‹ค์†Œ...
09:49
Again, if you sometimes mix them up, don't worry about it.
183
589540
2910
๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐ€๋” ์„ž์ด๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
09:52
Whoever you're speaking to or writing to will understand you most likely.
184
592475
4630
๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋“  ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
However, certain situations need the specific preposition that they need based on what we
185
597130
6740
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํŠน์ • ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ „์— ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํŠน์ • ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:03
looked at just a while ago.
186
603870
2120
.
10:05
So practice these, get comfortable with them, and use them as you would.
187
605990
4770
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ณ , ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  , ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
10:10
So, I hope this was all clear and I hope you enjoyed this lesson.
188
610760
3680
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ด์กŒ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ฉฐ ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์ฆ๊ฒผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๋…
10:14
If you did, please subscribe to my YouTube channel if you haven't already.
189
614440
4440
ํ•˜์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•„์ง ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ œ ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
10:18
If you have any questions, go to www.engvid.com and join the forum.
190
618880
4390
์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹œ๋ฉด www.engvid.com์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ํฌ๋Ÿผ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
10:23
I will be happy to answer your...
191
623270
1520
๊ท€ํ•˜์˜...
10:24
All your questions there.
192
624790
1410
๋ชจ๋“  ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ๋‹ต๋ณ€ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
There's also a quiz testing your knowledge of "over", "above", "on", "on top of".
193
626300
5254
"over", "above", "on", "on top of"์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๋Š” ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
And, of course, come back again soon, watch our next videos, and enjoy.
194
631773
4620
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ณง ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„์™€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฆ๊ธฐ์„ธ์š”.
10:36
Bye.
195
636473
509
์•ˆ๋…•.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7