Political Vocabulary in English: 21 Common Terms

14,029 views ใƒป 2024-10-15

Adamโ€™s English Lessons


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hi, everybody. Welcome to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam. In today's
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„. www.engvid.com์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ €๋Š” ์•„๋‹ด์ด์—์š”. ์˜ค๋Š˜
00:04
video, I want to talk to you about politics. Now, especially in recent
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์˜์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •์น˜์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํŠนํžˆ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
00:10
years, there's been a lot of political news from all over the world, but
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„,
00:14
especially from, like, North America, in certain situations in particular. So,
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ํŠนํžˆ ๋ถ๋ฏธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŠน์ • ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ •์น˜ ๋‰ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
00:19
today, I wanted to give you some vocabulary to help you understand just
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:24
the tremendous amount of news that is going on; all the stories that are going
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. ๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š”
00:29
on, and it's... keeps going on, and on, and on. Because now we live in the age
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... ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
00:33
of the internet, and people can find out what's going on in other countries all
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:37
the time. So, keep in mind that this is just a partial list; meaning: This is
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์ธ ๋ชฉ๋ก์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์˜๋ฏธ: ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
00:43
just an introduction. There are many more words, many more expressions that
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์†Œ๊ฐœ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ์ •์น˜์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ธ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
00:48
are part of politics that you should get to know, but these will at least get you
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, ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ
00:52
started. And if you're interested, obviously you can do a little bit more
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ข€ ๋” ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:56
research; do some more reading, etcetera. So, more or less, I'm focusing
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. ์ข€ ๋” ์ฝ์–ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š”
01:01
on political justice โ€” I guess you could say โ€” and how... how politicians
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์ •์น˜์  ์ •์˜์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ... ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์ด
01:07
basically look after each other or look at each other, and suspiciously,
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‚ดํ”ผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
01:11
depending on the situation. Right?
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์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์˜์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋Š”์ง€ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ?
01:13
So, we're gonna start by exactly that: "checks and balances". This is how
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ "๊ฒฌ์ œ์™€ ๊ท ํ˜•"๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ
01:19
governments are... have been established, especially democracies have
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์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ฆฝ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋Š”
01:24
been established with institutions that can watch each other, so that no group,
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์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ฆฝ๋˜์–ด ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ทธ๋ฃน,
01:31
no institution, no piece of the government gets too much power. A
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๊ธฐ๊ด€, ์ผ๋ถ€๋„ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ์–ป์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
"check" basically means, like, a limiting force. If you put a "check" on
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"๊ฒ€์‚ฌ"๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋Š” ํž˜์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ "ํ™•์ธ"์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด
01:42
somebody, you're limiting them; you're put... you're stopping them from
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ œํ•œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ... ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด
01:45
reaching too high or too powerful, etcetera. And "balance" is balanced โ€”
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋†’๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "๊ท ํ˜•"์€ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ •๋ถ€์˜
01:50
means equal power distributed to all the different branches of government. So, in
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์— ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ถŒํ•œ์ด ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:56
the US, for example, they have the "executive branch" of government, which
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์˜ "ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š”
02:00
is the President's office; they have the "judiciary", which is the Supreme Court;
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๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ์ง์œ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์›์ธ "์‚ฌ๋ฒ•๋ถ€"๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
and they have the "legislative", which is the "Senate" and "Congress". So,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "์ž…๋ฒ•๋ถ€", ์ฆ‰ "์ƒ์›"๊ณผ "์˜ํšŒ"๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ,
02:10
three parts of government; they are co-equal parts of government. "Co-equal"
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์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์„ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„; ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋™๋“ฑํ•˜๋‹ค"๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
02:20
means that each of these three parts has the same power as the other three.
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์ด ์„ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ํž˜์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
Right? So, that's the whole idea. So, the... the Supreme Court makes sure that
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์˜ ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ... ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์›์€
02:29
the government President doesn't do anything illegal. The Senate makes sure
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์ •๋ถ€ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ์ƒ์›์€
02:35
that the Supreme Court is okay. They put the judges in there. Everybody has some
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๋Œ€๋ฒ•์›์ด ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ํŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
02:39
sort of control over the other two. So, that's the "checks", and they maintain
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ํ†ต์ œ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ "์ˆ˜ํ‘œ"์ด๊ณ 
02:43
the "balance". So, that's what this is about.
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"๊ท ํ˜•"์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
But if there is a problem, if somebody is accused or of doing a crime, or
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋ฅผ ์ €์งˆ๋ €๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์†Œ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
02:51
there's some sort of allegation of a crime... An "allegation"... I'm going to
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ํ˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ... "์ฃผ์žฅ"... ์ €๋Š”
02:55
go all over the place here. An "allegation" is basically an accusation.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ €๊ธฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ณ ๋ฐœ"์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๋‚œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
It's saying that someone did something bad, but this hasn't been proven yet.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์œ ์ง“์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ธ๋ฐ , ์ด๋Š” ์•„์ง ์ž…์ฆ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
So, if you ever watch the news, you will always hear the reporter say: "the
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ธฐ์ž๊ฐ€ "
03:11
alleged murderer", "the alleged rapist", "the alleged thief". They never say:
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์‚ด์ธ ํ˜์˜์ž", "๊ฐ•๊ฐ„ ํ˜์˜์ž", "๋„๋‘‘ ํ˜์˜์ž"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฒ•์ •์—์„œ
03:17
"the murderer", "the thief" until the person has been convicted in court.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์œ ์ฃ„ํŒ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” "์‚ด์ธ์ž", "๋„๋‘‘"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:23
Until the person has been proven guilty, he is only "alleged" to have done
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์œ ์ฃ„๋กœ ์ž…์ฆ๋  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  "์ฃผ์žฅ"๋  ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:28
something; only accused. So, when someone is "alleged" or when someone is
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. ํ”ผ๊ณ ์ธ๋งŒ. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ "์ฃผ์žฅ"๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
03:33
"accused" of something, that person has their right to "due process". This means
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด "๊ณ ๋ฐœ"๋˜๋ฉด ํ•ด๋‹น ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ "์ ๋ฒ• ์ ˆ์ฐจ"๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
03:39
a legal and... Like, a fair and legal process to try to defend himself or to
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ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ ์ด๊ณ ... ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ฐฉ์–ดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
03:45
try... or for the other people to try to convict; to prove guilty. So, "due
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์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜... ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์œ ์ฃ„๋ฅผ ์„ ๊ณ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ์ฃ„๋ฅผ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "์ ๋ฒ•
03:51
process" means the ability to talk to a lawyer, the ability to gather evidence,
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์ ˆ์ฐจ"๋ž€ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ , ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ,
03:56
the ability to ask... look for witnesses, or ask experts. Basically,
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์ฆ์ธ์„ ์ฐพ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
04:01
you're allowed to do everything you can in order to protect yourself. And in
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
04:06
most democracies, at least, a person is "innocent until proven guilty". So,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์ ์–ด๋„ "์œ ์ฃ„๊ฐ€ ์ž…์ฆ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋ฌด์ฃ„"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
04:13
until there... the court says: "Guilty", you are considered innocent and you
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€... ๋ฒ•์›์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์œ ์ฃ„", ๊ท€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์ฃ„๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜๋ฉฐ
04:18
can... you have all the rights to protect yourself, and that is "due
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... ๊ท€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” "์ ๋ฒ•ํ•œ
04:22
process".
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์ ˆ์ฐจ"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
Now, when we're talking about politics, a lot of this stuff has to do with the
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •์น˜์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ, ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด
04:28
"silent majority". The "silent majority" is the... obviously the largest
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"์นจ๋ฌตํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์ˆ˜"์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์นจ๋ฌตํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์ˆ˜"๋Š” ... ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ
04:35
percentage of the voting population, but they're also the type that don't really
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ํˆฌํ‘œ ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋น„์œจ์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด ๋ง๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์œ ํ˜•์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:40
say anything. They're not activists. When you hear all the people shouting
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. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ™œ๋™๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
04:45
for rights, and freedoms, and equality, and all that stuff โ€” those are the...
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๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ, ์ž์œ , ํ‰๋“ฑ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์™ธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€...
04:49
that's the "vocal minority". That's the opposite. So, people think that in a
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๋ฐ”๋กœ "์†Œ์ˆ˜์ž"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ
04:59
country, everybody wants to have this or that right because the vocal minority is
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์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
05:05
very loud about it, and they're always in the news. But the majority of the
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ํฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋– ๋“ค๊ณ  ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋‰ด์Šค์— ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ์ €๋Ÿฐ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜
05:08
people, they just mind their own business; they're quiet, they don't
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ผ์—๋งŒ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์กฐ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ด€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:12
care. Where they make their impact is at the "election", when it's time to vote.
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. ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์€ ํˆฌํ‘œํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ธ "์„ ๊ฑฐ"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
If they don't like what a politician did, they will simply vote him out and
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์ •์น˜์ธ์ด ํ•œ ์ผ์ด ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ํˆฌํ‘œ์—์„œ ์ œ์™ธ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ 
05:22
stay quiet. The... the vocal minority, they go to protests, they do... they try
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์กฐ์šฉํžˆ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋Š” ์†Œ์ˆ˜์ž ๋“ค์€ ์‹œ์œ„์— ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค... ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
05:28
to get on the news all the time; it's newspapers, etcetera. So, politicians
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋‰ด์Šค์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ๋ฌธ ๋“ฑ์ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์€
05:33
are very afraid of the silent majority; they don't really care about the vocal
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์นจ๋ฌตํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
minority, because they're minority. They always try to worry about what the
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ
05:42
voters are thinking, and that's why they always take "polls". So, if somebody did
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, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ "์—ฌ๋ก  ์กฐ์‚ฌ"๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€
05:50
something illegal or if there's some sort of allegation against a politician,
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๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ •์น˜์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ,
05:54
he will be very careful about what he says or what she says, as the case may
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋ฅผ ์žƒ์„๊นŒ ๋ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋งค์šฐ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:59
be, because they're worried about losing voters. Because anything they say that
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. ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋ฅผ ํ™”๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“ 
06:04
makes the voters angry is considered "political suicide". If you don't give
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'์ •์น˜์  ์ž์‚ด'๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
06:10
your voters what they want, your political career is finished; they will
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์ •์น˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์€ ๋๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
06:16
vote you out of office at the next election, and you're out of a job. So,
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๋‹ค์Œ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๊ณต์ง์—์„œ ์ซ“์•„๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ง์žฅ์„ ์žƒ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
06:21
politicians will do everything they can to stay in power, and they will avoid
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์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์€ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
06:26
political suicide. So, they will just play along. So, if... if the silent
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์ •์น˜์  ์ž์‚ด์„ ํ”ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋†€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŒ์•ฝ... ์นจ๋ฌตํ•˜๋Š”
06:32
majority believes that they are innocent, they will come out and say:
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๋‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฐ๋ฐฑํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜์™€์„œ
06:35
"I'm innocent". If the silent majority is not really sure, they will be very
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ฐฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์นจ๋ฌตํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
06:39
careful about appearing on television โ€” the politicians.
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ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ „, ์ฆ‰ ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์— ์ถœ์—ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:44
Now, politicians also worry about the "swing votes". So, if you have a country
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์ด์ œ ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค๋„ '์Šค์œ™๋ณดํŠธ'๋ฅผ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
06:48
where there are, like, two or three political parties, you know that certain
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๋‘์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ •๋‹น์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์–ด๋–ค
06:54
people are voting for their... for their party, regardless of what's going on. It
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜... ์ •๋‹น์— ํˆฌํ‘œํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
doesn't matter who's the leader of the party; it doesn't matter who the
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์˜ ์ง€๋„์ž์ธ์ง€๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์•ผ๋‹น์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:02
opposition is โ€” these people will always vote for their party. The "swing voters"
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. ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ •๋‹น์— ํˆฌํ‘œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์Šค์œ™ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž"
07:08
โ€” they don't have any particular loyalty to a party; they want the best leader.
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โ€” ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ •๋‹น์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ถฉ์„ฑ์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์ง€๋„์ž๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
So, one year, they will vote conservative; one year, they will vote
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 1๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํˆฌํ‘œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . 1๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜์— ํˆฌํ‘œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:18
liberal; one year, they will vote republican; one year, they will vote
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. 1๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น์— ํˆฌํ‘œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . 1๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋‹น์— ํˆฌํ‘œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค
07:21
democrat; one year, they will vote socialist. Every year... every election,
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. 1๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋กœ ํˆฌํ‘œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค . ๋งค๋…„... ์„ ๊ฑฐ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
07:26
they swing their vote based on the person running. So, politicians are very
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ถœ๋งˆํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํˆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž˜
07:33
aware... Because of the polls, they are very aware of what the "swing vote"
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์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค... ์—ฌ๋ก  ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "์Šค์œ™ ํˆฌํ‘œ"๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋Š”์ง€ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:39
looks like. If the swing vote is going away from them, they will do anything
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. ์Šค์œ™ ํˆฌํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ
07:44
they can to get back to it. So, sometimes, this becomes a problem in
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ํˆฌํ‘œ๊ถŒ์„ ๋˜์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
07:49
terms of the "checks and balances", because they try to manipulate the
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"๊ฒฌ์ œ์™€ ๊ท ํ˜•" ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:54
situation. To "manipulate" means to change in one's own favor. So, if I want
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. "์กฐ์ž‘ํ•˜๋‹ค"๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€
08:01
you to think something, I will say all kinds of different things to make you
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€
08:05
believe what I want you to believe. Now, this is not only in politics; people do
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹น์‹ ๋„ ๋ฏฟ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜จ๊ฐ– ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ง์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •์น˜์—๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
08:10
this to each other all the time, in business and any sort of competition.
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์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์„ ํ•˜๋“  ํ•ญ์ƒ ์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ง“์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
Even husband and wife, boyfriend and girlfriend, they a little bit manipulate
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๋‚จํŽธ๊ณผ ์•„๋‚ด, ๋‚จ์ž์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ์—ฌ์ž์นœ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„
08:18
each other if they want something, etcetera. But politicians are master
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๋ฉด ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ผ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ •์น˜์ธ์€
08:23
manipulators, so it's a little bit different.
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์กฐ์ž‘์˜ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
Now, in terms of justice, sometimes one party will accuse a member of the other
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์ด์ œ ์ •์˜์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ํ•œ์ชฝ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์ด
08:32
party of doing something illegal or unethical that's just not right, but
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์˜ณ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋น„์œค๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋น„๋‚œํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
08:39
they don't... they only do this because they just don't like the person. So,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค... ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
08:43
they're always looking for ways to bring him or her down; that bring down the
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์‹ค๋ง์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ •์น˜์ธ์„ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:48
politician. So, this is called a "witch hunt". When you're trying to find
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ '๋งˆ๋…€ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅธ๋‹ค.
08:53
something negative about somebody, but there really isn't anything there.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ ์„ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•  ๋•Œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
You're looking desperately because you want to bring this person down, but you
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์„œ ํ•„์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์ง€๋งŒ
09:02
just can't find anything, so you start making things up a little bit, too. So,
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์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์„œ ๋‹น์‹  ๋„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ๊พธ๋ฉฐ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
09:06
that's called a "witch hunt". In the early days of America, there was a...
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์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” '๋งˆ๋…€์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ'์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š”...
09:12
there was a time when they were looking for any women who were not good women.
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์ข‹์€ ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์—ฌ์ž๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„ ํ—ค๋งค๋˜ ์‹œ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
They would accuse them of being witches and burn them; although they didn't
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋งˆ๋…€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋น„๋‚œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถˆํƒœ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
really burn them. That's a bit of a myth. So, "partisan" and "bipartisan".
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํƒœ์šฐ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹ ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "๋‹นํŒŒ์ "๊ณผ "์–‘๋‹น์ "์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:28
So, again, let's say you have two parties or a three-party system โ€”
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ •๋‹น์ด๋‚˜ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ์ •๋‹น ์ฒด์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
"partisans" are politicians who only try to help their own party; they're not
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"๋‹นํŒŒ"๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ •๋‹น์„ ๋•๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์น˜์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
09:39
trying to help all the people of the country. So, they're "partisan" means
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๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋„์šฐ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด "๋‹นํŒŒ์ "์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
09:43
they're very biased; they're taking a very clear side that helps their party.
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๋งค์šฐ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์ž…์žฅ์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
"Bipartisan" means that it's like a... an equal deal; like, an agreement
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"์–‘๋‹น์ "์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์€ ๋งˆ์น˜... ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
09:53
between the parties. It could be "tripartisan", if there's three parties,
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๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ•ฉ์˜. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, 3๊ฐœ์˜ ์ •๋‹น์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ "3๋‹น์ œ"๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:58
for example. But if there are two parties and both parties agree to do
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‘ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‘ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๊ฐ€
10:02
something together or like pass a law together, then that is a "bipartisan
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋™์˜ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ต๊ณผ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด๋Š” "์–‘๋‹น์ 
10:08
law". If one of the majority party does something by itself, even though the
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๋ฒ•"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋‹น์ด
10:14
other party doesn't like it, then we say it's a "partisan issue". So, "partisan".
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๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ผ์„ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋‹น์ด ๋‹จ๋…์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ '๋‹นํŒŒ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "๋‹นํŒŒ"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
When it comes to things like justice, politicians become very "partisan"; they
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์ •์˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ "๋‹นํŒŒ์ "์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
10:25
will do everything to support their party member, even if the... he is
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๋‹น์›์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋ก
10:30
actually he or she is actually guilty.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์œ ์ฃ„์ผ์ง€๋ผ๋„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:34
Then you have something called a "whistleblower". A "whistleblower" is a
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด '๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ณ ๋ฐœ์ž'๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚ด๋ถ€๊ณ ๋ฐœ์ž"๋Š”
10:37
person who has first-hand knowledge of someone doing something bad; it could be
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์œ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ถ€์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
10:44
in government, it could be in business, it could be anywhere. But the
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, ์‚ฌ์—…์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์–ด๋Š ๊ณณ์—๋‚˜ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
10:48
"whistleblower" does this anonymously โ€” means he doesn't come out and say: "Oh,
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"๋‚ด๋ถ€๊ณ ๋ฐœ์ž"๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ์ต๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™€์„œ "์•„,
10:53
I saw this politician do something." He's... he writes a letter to the... to
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์ด ์ •์น˜์ธ์ด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š”... ๊ทธ๋Š”
10:59
the place that makes sure that all the checks and balances are working, and he
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฌ์ œ์™€ ๊ท ํ˜•์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์— ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ
11:02
says: "This person did something bad, but don't say my name. I don't want to
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๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์œ ์ง“์„ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚ด ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
11:07
lose my job. I don't want to get in trouble." So, generally speaking, most
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์ง์žฅ์„ ์žƒ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š” ." ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜
11:11
politicians when they do get caught committing a crime, it's because of a
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์ •์น˜์ธ์ด ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋ฅผ ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋‹ค ์ ๋ฐœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š”
11:16
"whistleblower". So, "whistle", like, in a sports game โ€” there's a referee.
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'๋‚ด๋ถ€๊ณ ๋ฐœ์ž' ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์—์„œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ "ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ"์„ ๋ถˆ๋ฉด ์‹ฌํŒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:21
(whistles) Like, the whistle. So, the "whistleblower" โ€” somebody who blows the
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(ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ) ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์š”. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ณ ๋ฐœ์ž"๋Š”
11:25
whistle makes a big sound to alert people to wrongdoing. We'll get to
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๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ณ ๋ฐœ์ž๋กœ์„œ ํฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ž˜๋ชป์„ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
"impeach" last. Now, if somebody is accused of committing a crime, and that
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ 'ํƒ„ํ•ต'์„ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋ฅผ ์ €์ง€๋ฅธ ํ˜์˜๋กœ ๊ธฐ์†Œ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ
11:38
person does everything possible not to help the investigators... For example,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ๊ด€์„ ๋•์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ... ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
11:44
to keep away witnesses, or to try to hide documents, or not answer questions
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์ฆ์ธ์„ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ˆจ๊ธฐ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
11:50
โ€” this is called: "obstruction", "obstruction of justice". "To obstruct"
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โ€” ์ด๋ฅผ "๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉํ•ด', '์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ๋ฐฉํ•ด'. ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค(obstruct)'๋Š”
11:55
means to prevent from happening. So, if somebody is trying to "obstruct
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์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋ง‰๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ "์ •์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉํ•ด"ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด
12:00
justice", he's trying to make it very difficult for the legal system to
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๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด
12:05
basically catch him and prove him guilty. And "obstruction" itself is a
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์žก์•„์„œ ์œ ์ฃ„๋ฅผ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "๋ฐฉํ•ด" ์ž์ฒด๋Š”
12:11
crime, especially for politicians.
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๋ฒ”์ฃ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ •์น˜์ธ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
But lawyers and judges, if they feel there's enough information and they want
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์™€ ํŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
12:20
somebody to come and provide some information โ€” some testimony โ€” they can
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์™€์„œ ์ •๋ณด(์ผ๋ถ€ ์ฆ์–ธ)๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๋ฉด
12:25
"subpoena". The pronunciation is a little tricky, compared to the spelling.
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"์†Œํ™˜"ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒ ์ž์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์Œ์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
So, basically, it looks like a "subpoena". The "b" is not pronounced
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” "์†Œํ™˜์žฅ"์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "b"๋Š” ๋ฐœ์Œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ
12:39
and the "o" is not really there. So, "subpoena". "To subpoena" means to force
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"o"๋„ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "์†Œํ™˜"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "To subpoena"๋Š”
12:43
someone to come and give testimony; to be a witness to a possible crime, an
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์ œ๋กœ ์™€์„œ ์ฆ์–ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ, ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ํ˜์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฆ์ธ์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
12:50
allegation of a crime. "Treason". In most countries, "treason" is the
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. "๋ฐ˜์—ญ". ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ "๋ฐ˜์—ญ"์€
12:58
absolute worst crime you can commit. "Treason" means you're working against
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์ €์ง€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ์•…์˜ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ฐ˜์—ญ"์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ญํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:03
your own country. And in a company, if you're working against your company, and
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ 
13:09
you're helping the competition โ€” that is also considered "treason". But in a
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๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์—…์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋•๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ "๋ฐ˜์—ญ"์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋Š”
13:13
company, it's not a crime; you're just not a good person, you're not a good
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๋ฒ”์ฃ„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ข‹์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์ข‹์€
13:17
employee. In politics, if a politician, for example, gives classified
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์ง์›๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •์น˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ •์น˜์ธ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ฐ€
13:23
information to another country or does something to hurt his or her actual
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์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์น˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ
13:29
state โ€” that is called "treason". In some countries, including the US, if
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'๋ฐ˜์—ญ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š”
13:34
you're convicted of "treason", you... they will put you to death; you will
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"๋ฐ˜์—ญ์ฃ„"๋กœ ์œ ์ฃ„ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด... ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์‚ฌํ˜•์— ์ฒ˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€
13:38
hang for "treason". It's a very serious crime.
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"๋ฐ˜์—ญ์ฃ„"๋กœ ๊ต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์„ ๋‹นํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์šฐ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:41
"Perjury". When you go in front of lawyers or congress people or judges,
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"์œ„์ฆ".
13:47
as... in any situation, but especially as a politician: If you lie to the
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์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋“ , ํŠนํžˆ ์ •์น˜์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ๊ตญํšŒ์˜์›, ํŒ์‚ฌ ์•ž์— ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ
13:54
lawyers, to the congress people, to the judges โ€” that is called "perjury". That
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๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ, ๊ตญํšŒ์˜์›, ํŒ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ "์œ„์ฆ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„
13:59
is also a crime; you can go to jail for lying to the investigators. Most
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๋ฒ”์ฃ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ๊ด€์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ์˜ฅ์— ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜
14:05
politicians try to "deflect". So, if some accusation is coming at them, they
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์ •์น˜์ธ์€ "ํŽธํ–ฅ"์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๋น„๋‚œ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
14:11
just โ€” whoop. They just try to push it aside and make it go onto somebody else
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๋‹จ์ง€ โ€“ ์œผ์•…. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜†์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ€๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ
14:15
or something else, and keep themselves clean. So, "to deflect" โ€” to move away
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์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ฐ€๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, "ํŽธํ–ฅ์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค" โ€”
14:20
from oneself. And that's what most politicians do when they are accused of
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์ž์‹ ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๋น„๋‚œ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๋•Œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:25
anything. But sometimes, even if as much as they obstruct, as much as they
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŒํผ,
14:32
deflect, as much as they try to manipulate the me-... media and the
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ํŽธํ–ฅ๋˜๋Š” ๋งŒํผ, ๋‚˜-... ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์™€ ๋Œ€์ค‘์„ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŒํผ
14:35
public โ€” if the investigators find a "smoking gun", then the politician is
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โ€” ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ๊ด€์ด "์Šค๋ชจํ‚น ๊ฑด"์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋ฉด ์ •์น˜์ธ์€
14:42
basically done. Right? He can't defend himself. A "smoking gun" means hard
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์™„๋ฃŒ. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ฐฉ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . "์Šค๋ชจํ‚น ๊ฑด"์€ ํ™•์‹คํ•œ
14:48
evidence โ€” evidence that very clearly shows that a person committed a crime.
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์ฆ๊ฑฐ, ์ฆ‰ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋ฅผ ์ €์งˆ๋ €์Œ์„ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:54
Okay? In terms of... in case of a murderer, a gun with the smoke coming
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์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด... ์‚ด์ธ์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์ด์€ ๊ทธ
14:59
out very clearly shows that the gun was just fired; in any other situation, it's
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์ด์ด ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š”
15:04
any hard evidence.
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ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:07
And lastly, in terms of politics, when there's enough... when there is an
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ, ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ...
15:12
accusation and enough evidence, investigators can move to "impeach".
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๊ณ ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ๊ด€๋“ค์€ "ํƒ„ํ•ต"์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:18
"Impeach". "To impeach" means to remove from office. So, if a president is
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"ํƒ„ํ•ตํ•˜๋‹ค". 'ํƒ„ํ•ตํ•˜๋‹ค'๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง์œ„์—์„œ ํ•ด์ž„๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด
15:23
"impeached", it means that in the... in the case of the US, for example,
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"ํƒ„ํ•ต"๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด... ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
15:27
Congress wants to remove the president from... from the "presidency" โ€” from his
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์˜ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์„ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ง"์—์„œ ์ฆ‰ ๊ทธ์˜
15:32
office. So, they will send "articles of impeachment" to the Senate. And once
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์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ' ํƒ„ํ•ต ๋ฌธ์„œ'๋ฅผ ์ƒ์›์— ๋ณด๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ๋‹จ
15:40
he... the President is impeached, it doesn't mean he has to leave; it means
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๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ํƒ„ํ•ต๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋– ๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š”
15:43
there's going to be a trial, because again, the President has the right to
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์žฌํŒ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์€
15:48
"due process". He has the right to defend himself, to ask for evidence, to
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"์ ๋ฒ•ํ•œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ"์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
15:54
question witnesses, etcetera. So, if the Senate decides to uphold the impeachment
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์ฆ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ƒ์›์ด ํƒ„ํ•ต์•ˆ์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด
16:01
articles, then the President is removed from office, and the Vice President
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๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์€ ํ•ด์ž„๋˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ๊ทธ
16:07
takes over his or her seat. Well, as the case may be, there hasn't been a female
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์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€์Ž„, ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ๋Š” ์•„์ง ์—ฌ์„ฑ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ
16:12
president yet, but that's the idea. Okay? Wow. So, a lot of information
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์šฐ์™€. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
16:17
there. And this is just the "tip of the iceberg". "Tip of the iceberg" means
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ "๋น™์‚ฐ์˜ ์ผ๊ฐ "์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋น™์‚ฐ์˜ ์ผ๊ฐ"์€
16:22
that you think this is a lot of words; this is really very little. There's a
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฑด ์ •๋ง ์•„์ฃผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์ด์—์š”. ์ด
16:25
lot more beneath all this that supports all these words. You really should start
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹จ์–ด ์•„๋ž˜์—๋Š” ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•˜๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ •์น˜์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ •๋ง ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:31
to learn them, if you're interested in politics. But even if you're not, you're
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. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๋„
16:35
going to hear this stuff on the news all the time; especially in modern times,
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๋‰ด์Šค์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํŠนํžˆ
16:40
where politicians are not as noble as they used to be, perhaps. But anyways,
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์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์ด ์˜ˆ์ „๋งŒํผ ๊ณ ๊ท€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ˜„๋Œ€์—๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด์จŒ๋“ 
16:46
I'm not going to get into a political discussion.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ๋…ผ์˜์— ๋ผ์–ด๋“ค์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค .
16:49
If you have any questions about any of these words or expressions, please go to
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋‚˜ ํ‘œํ˜„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด www.engvid.com์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์„ธ์š”
16:53
www.engvid.com. You can ask me in the comment section; I'll do my best to
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. ๋Œ“๊ธ€ ์„น์…˜์—์„œ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•ด
16:58
answer them. I don't want to necessarily start a political discussion. People get
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๋‹ต๋ณ€ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ผญ ์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:02
very crazy when it comes to politics. Keep the questions and comments to
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์ •์น˜์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฏธ์ณ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์งˆ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”
17:07
English. And, again, if you want to talk to each other about politics, I'm sure
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ •์น˜์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์„œ๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
17:12
there are forums for that. There's also a quiz. Please take the quiz. Make sure
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ํฌ๋Ÿผ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š” . ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€์–ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
17:17
you understand the uses of these expressions and words. And that's it. I
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„๊ณผ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์šฉ๋„๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:22
hope you liked the video. Please give me a like if you did. Don't forget to
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์˜์ƒ์ด ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ์…จ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์Œ ์— ๋“œ์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ข‹์•„์š”๋ฅผ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
17:25
subscribe to my channel, and ring the little bell up there, so you could get
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๋‚ด ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ์ข…์„ ์šธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด
17:30
notifications of future videos. And I'll try to give you some more interesting
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ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋™์˜์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
17:34
vocab and useful vocab in future lessons to help you engage the language. Okay?
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์–ธ์–ด์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ข€ ๋” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์–ดํœ˜์™€ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
17:40
Until then, bye-bye.
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๊ทธ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ณ„์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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