Writing - Misplaced Modifiers

536,913 views ใƒป 2013-12-16

Adamโ€™s English Lessons


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:02
Hi. Welcome again to www.engvid.com. My name's Adam. Today's lesson is a little bit more
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์•ˆ๋…•. www.engvid.com์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ์•„๋‹ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋”
00:07
advanced. It's actually very useful for native English speakers as well, not only ESL learners.
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๊ณ ๊ธ‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ESL ํ•™์Šต์ž๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์˜์–ด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
Today we're talking about misplaced modifiers. Now, this is a very important grammar point,
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž˜๋ชป ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋œ ์ˆ˜์ •์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ํฌ์ธํŠธ์ด๋ฉฐ,
00:19
plus it's also very, very important for those of you who need to do English writing. Okay?
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๋˜ํ•œ ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋งค์šฐ, ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ข‹์•„์š”?
00:24
This is a very common mistake that people will see in all kinds of writing. It could
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ธ€์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํ”ํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
be very, very embarrassing sometimes because... You'll understand in a minute why. But I'll
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹นํ™ฉ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด... ์ž ์‹œ ํ›„์— ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
00:35
show you the different types and we'll figure out a way to fix it as much as we can.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
So, first of all, what is a "modifier"? A modifier is anything in a sentence, it could
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๋จผ์ € "์ˆ˜์ •์ž"๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
be an adjective or an adverb, a clause, a phrase, anything that modifies something else
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ, ๋ถ€์‚ฌ, ์ ˆ, ๊ตฌ, ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:52
in the sentence. What does "modify" mean? Means to change, change the meaning of, change
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. "modify"์€(๋Š”) ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ๋œป์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋‹ค, ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋‹ค,
00:56
the idea of. Okay? So, for example: if you say: "A car", you have an idea of a car. You
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์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด "A car"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์ž๋™์ฐจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€
01:03
say: "A red car", you have a different idea of the car probably. So "red" modifies "car".
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"๋นจ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„๋งˆ ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰"์€ "์ž๋™์ฐจ"๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
Okay, so what we're looking at is misplaced modifiers. We have misplaced modifiers, dangling
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์ž, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž˜๋ชป ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋œ ์ˆ˜์ •์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž˜๋ชป ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋œ ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด, ๋งค๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ
01:16
modifiers, squinting modifiers. Don't worry about the technical words. Worry about what
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์ˆ˜์‹์–ด, squinting ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์šฉ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
01:21
is actually happening here. So I'm going to start with these examples, and we'll look
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ์˜ˆ๋“ค๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
at a few others in a minute. So look at these two sentences:
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์ž ์‹œ ํ›„์— ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
01:28
"I call only my mother when I'm sick." "I only call my mother when I'm sick."
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„ํ”Œ ๋•Œ๋งŒ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." "๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„ํ”Œ ๋•Œ๋งŒ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค."
01:34
Now, this word: "only" is the modifier we're looking at. It is very, very often misplaced;
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์ด์ œ "only"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์šฐ ์ž์ฃผ ์ž˜๋ชป ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
people don't realize that this word doesn't necessarily go where it should go half the
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜์€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ณณ์— ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:49
time. It's amazing how many people misplace it. So what does this sentence mean: "I call
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. ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž˜๋ชป ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด "๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„ํ”Œ ๋•Œ๋งŒ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
01:54
only my mother when I'm sick"? It means: when I'm sick, I don't call my friends, I don't
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? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์•„ํ”Œ ๋•Œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ,
01:59
call my girlfriend or boyfriend, I don't call my aunt or uncle; only my mother. I'm sick:
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์—ฌ์ž์นœ๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚จ์ž์นœ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ชจ๋‚˜ ์‚ผ์ดŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์—„๋งˆ๋งŒ. ์•„ํŒŒ์š”:
02:07
"Mom, come make me some soup, please." You have to be polite, of course.
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"์—„๋งˆ, ์ด๋ฆฌ ์™€์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ”„ ์ข€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”." ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์˜ˆ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถ”์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
"I only call my mother when I'm sick." It means: when I'm healthy, I don't call her.
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„ํ”Œ ๋•Œ๋งŒ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
I never speak to her, only when I'm sick do I call her. She gets very angry at me, she
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง์„ ๊ฑธ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์•„ํ”Œ ๋•Œ๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฉฐ
02:22
thinks I'm using her. But according to this sentence, I am, because I only call her when
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„ํ”Œ ๋•Œ๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:27
I'm sick. So you understand what this word does to the sentence. Okay? Very, very important
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•  ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:34
where you place it to know which word it's going to modify.
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.
02:39
The secret about modifiers: place them close to the word you're trying to modify. But that
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์ˆ˜์‹์–ด์˜ ๋น„๋ฐ€: ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด์— ๋‘์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
02:46
also doesn't always work. "People who whistle quickly become annoying."
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๋˜ํ•œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. " ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ์„ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์งœ์ฆ์ด ๋‚œ๋‹ค."
02:51
Now, you're thinking: "This sentence looks okay." The problem is: what does it mean?
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์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ "์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:56
Is it: "People who whistle quickly, become annoying"? Or: "People who whistle, quickly
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"๋นจ๋ฆฌ ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ์„ ๋ถˆ๋ฉด ์งœ์ฆ์ด ๋‚œ๋‹ค"? ๋˜๋Š” "ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ์„ ๋ถˆ๋ฉด ๋นจ๋ฆฌ
03:03
become annoying"? Which one do you mean? All people who whistle or just people who whistle
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์งœ์ฆ์ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"? ์–ด๋Š ์ชฝ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ์„ ๋ถ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ์„
03:08
quickly? I don't think I should whistle, I'll probably blow the mic, but very fast whistling.
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๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ์„ ๋ถˆ๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. ์•„๋งˆ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ฃผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ์„ ๋ถˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
03:13
Right? So, this is called a squinting modifier; you're not sure which word the modifier is
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ squinting modifier๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ •์ž๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:20
going with. How can I fix this? You can probably cut it into two sentences. "I get quickly
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. ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์•„๋งˆ ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚˜๋Š”
03:28
annoyed by people who whistle." Or: "People who whistle become annoying quickly." Or just
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ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ์„ ๋ถˆ๋ฉด ๊ธˆ๋ฐฉ ์งœ์ฆ์ด ๋‚œ๋‹ค." ๋˜๋Š”: " ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ์„ ๋ถˆ๋ฉด ๊ธˆ๋ฐฉ ์งœ์ฆ์ด ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋˜๋Š”
03:35
change the location or again, just split it into two different sentences, that's another
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์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋ฉด ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
03:39
solution. Here's another one, this is called more...
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์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ more๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
This is more of a dangling modifier: "I went to see a movie last night with my
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด์— ๊ฐ€๊น์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:47
friend, which was really boring." Okay, maybe you understand the sentence. I
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. ์ข‹์•„์š”, ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š”
03:53
don't. What was boring, the movie or the going out with the friend? This is called a dangling
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์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”. ์˜ํ™”๋‚˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€์˜ ์™ธ์ถœ ์ค‘ ์ง€๋ฃจํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€? ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
04:00
modifier because I don't actually know what it is modifying. I'm not sure what this "which"
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งค๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์ •์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด "์–ด๋–ค"์ด
04:05
is, the situation or the movie. So again, to fix it, just bring it closer to the actual
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์ƒํ™ฉ์ธ์ง€ ์˜ํ™”์ธ์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์‹ค์ œ์— ๋” ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์ ธ ์˜ค์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
04:12
thing. I'm going to assume you're talking about the movie. "I went to see a movie last
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. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "
04:18
night which was really boring, with my friend." No, that's not a very good way to fix it either.
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์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค ์ •๋ง ์ง€๋ฃจํ–ˆ๋˜ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋ณด๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”์–ด์š”." ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ์น˜๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
"I went to see a movie which was really boring last night with my friend." That's much better,
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"์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์— ์ •๋ง ์ง€๋ฃจํ–ˆ๋˜ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋ณด๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”์–ด์š”." ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
it's right next to the thing you're modifying. So you want to put this right here, so it
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์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜†์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋„ฃ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
04:36
modifies the movie itself. Okay? So here're three different examples of misplaced modifiers.
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์˜ํ™” ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ž˜๋ชป ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋œ ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
Let's look at a few more. Okay, let's look at a few more examples, and
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋” ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”, ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋” ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
04:46
eventually, we'll get to some funny ones that you'll understand why it could be embarrassing.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ์™œ ๋‹นํ™ฉ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:51
First, let's look at these two: "The doctor had to cancel the appointment,
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๋จผ์ € ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ž.
04:55
but the patient came anyway because he was sick."
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04:59
Okay, makes sense, no problem. It doesn't make sense in terms of the context because
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์ œ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
if the doctor cancelled the appointment, the patient shouldn't come. But...
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์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ์†์„ ์ทจ์†Œํ•˜๋ฉด ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์ƒ ๋ง์ด ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ...
05:08
"The doctor had to cancel the appointment because he was sick, but the patient came
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"์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„ํŒŒ์„œ ์•ฝ์†์„ ์ทจ์†Œํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ , ์–ด์จŒ๋“  ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์™”๋‹ค
05:13
anyway." Also okay. Now, technically, both of these
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." ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ด ๋‘
05:17
sentences are okay. The question is: which do you mean? So this is the modifier. Okay?
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๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ˆ˜์ •์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
05:27
"Because he was sick". First of all, who was sick, the doctor or the patient? We can assume
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"๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์•„ํŒ ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—". ์šฐ์„  ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์•„ํŒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์˜์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ํ™˜์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„ํŒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜
05:33
the patient was sick, but we also want to know why the doctor cancelled the appointment.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์•ฝ์„ ์ทจ์†Œํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
Okay? So be very, very careful where you place your modifier to make sure that you get across
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์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„์น˜์— ๋งค์šฐ ์ฃผ์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:44
the meaning that you want to get across. Okay? I'm going to assume that this is the correct
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. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ โ€‹โ€‹๋•Œ ์•ฝ์†์„
05:49
sentence because I want to know why he cancelled an appointment when he has a patient coming.
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์ทจ์†Œํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:55
Okay? So... Next:
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์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ... ๋‹ค์Œ:
05:58
"Covered in dirt" - this should be a capital, sorry it doesn't look like a capital - "Covered
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"ํ™ํˆฌ์„ฑ์ด" - ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. - "ํ™ํˆฌ์„ฑ์ด
06:02
in dirt, I didn't want to eat the apple." Now you're thinking: "Okay, great. No problem.
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, ์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋จน๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ "์ข‹์•„, ์ข‹์•„. ๋ฌธ์ œ ์—†์–ด.
06:08
A dirty apple, you don't want to eat it." The only problem is that you're starting your
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๋”๋Ÿฌ์šด ์‚ฌ๊ณผ, ๋จน๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์„๊ฑฐ์•ผ."๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
06:13
sentence with a participle. When you start a sentence with a participle, the subject
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๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋•Œ
06:18
of the participle must be the same as the subject of the next clause. Right? So technically,
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๋ถ„์‚ฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ์ ˆ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ์—„๋ฐ€ํžˆ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด
06:25
you are covered in dirt, not the apple. "Covered in dirt, I didn't want to eat the apple.",
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์‚ฌ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ™์œผ๋กœ ๋ฎ์—ฌ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. " ํ™ํˆฌ์„ฑ์ด, ์‚ฌ๊ณผ ๋จน๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด.", "
06:30
"Oh, I'm so dirty, I don't want to eat this apple." Does that make sense? No, not really.
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์•„, ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋”๋Ÿฌ์›Œ, ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ณผ ๋จน๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ." ๋ง์ด ๋ผ? ์•„๋‹ˆ ์ •๋ง.
06:35
You can eat an apple even if you're dirty. Right? Maybe it'll clean you up a little bit
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๋”๋Ÿฌ์›Œ๋„ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋จน์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์ฒญ์†Œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:38
inside. How can I fix this? You can say: "I didn't want to eat the apple that was dirty.",
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. ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? "๋‚˜๋Š” ๋”๋Ÿฌ์šด ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋จน๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.", "
06:46
"I didn't want to eat the apple which was dirty." Depending on the situation. Right?
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋”๋Ÿฌ์šด ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋จน๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค ."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ?
06:50
Or: "Covered in dirt, the apple didn't seem so appetizing anymore." Just make sure you
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๋˜๋Š” "ํ™์œผ๋กœ ๋’ค๋ฎ์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋ง›์žˆ์–ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
06:57
match your subjects. Okay. "She saw dark rain clouds on the way to the
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”. "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ณต์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธธ์— ๋จน๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์„ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค
07:04
park." So you think: "Oh, yeah, she's going to the
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." ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ "์˜ค, ์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ณต์›์— ๊ฐ€๊ณ 
07:08
park and there're clouds." She's going to get a... Maybe a little bit bummed out. The
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๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”... ์•„๋งˆ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋‹นํ™ฉํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
only problem is she's not on the way to the park, the clouds are on the way to the park
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์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์ด ๊ณต์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„
07:17
because that's the way you placed them. The clouds are going to the park. "Oh wow, have
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์„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์ด ๊ณต์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์˜ค ์™€์šฐ,
07:24
a good time at the park, clouds." Doesn't really work. Right? So you would say: "On
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๊ณต์›์—์„œ ์ข‹์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์„ธ์š”, ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์•„." ์ •๋ง ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ "
07:29
the way to the park, she saw dark rain clouds." So I understand that it's she who is on the
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๊ณต์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธธ์— ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฒ€์€ ๋น„๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์„ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณต์›์œผ๋กœ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธธ์— ๊ทธ๋…€๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:35
way to the park. Now, remember: all you have to do is put the modifier next to the thing
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. ์ด์ œ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ์˜†์— ์ˆ˜์ •์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:40
you're trying to modify. She was on the way to the park, not the rain clouds.
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. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋น„๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ณต์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธธ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
I have to admit: I borrowed this last example. I made it up, but I borrowed the idea from
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ธ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค: ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋นŒ๋ ธ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์–ด๋ƒˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ฃจ์ดˆ ๋ง‰์Šค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋นŒ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:50
Groucho Marx. He said: "Once in the... Once, I shot an elephant in my pajamas. How it got
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. ๊ทธ๋Š” "ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ... ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์€ ์ž ์˜ท์„ ์ž…์€ ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
07:58
into my pajamas, I have no idea." So that's a funny joke if you understand what he's talking
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๋‚ด ์ž ์˜ท์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๋†๋‹ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:03
about. So let's look at this one: "Jeremy ran away from the bear in his underwear."
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค: "์ œ๋ ˆ๋ฏธ๋Š” ์†์˜ท์„ ์ž…๊ณ  ๊ณฐ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋„๋ง์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
08:08
You're thinking: "Yeah, bear, I don't care. I'm wearing underwear, I'm still running."
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ "๊ทธ๋ž˜ ๊ณฐ, ์ƒ๊ด€ ์—†์–ด. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์†์˜ท์„ ์ž…๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค."
08:11
Like you're camping, whatever, you come out of your tent in your underwear, there is a
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์บ ํ•‘์„ ํ•˜๋“ฏ ๋ญ๋‹ˆ๋ญ๋‹ˆํ•ด๋„ ์†์˜ท ์ฐจ๋ฆผ์œผ๋กœ ํ…ํŠธ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋ฉด
08:15
bear, you're running. But no, what you said here or what I wrote here anyway is that the
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๊ณฐ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋›ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„๋‡จ, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์“ด ๊ฒƒ์€
08:21
bear is wearing the underwear, and Jeremy's running because the bear is wearing the underwear.
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๊ณฐ์ด ์†์˜ท์„ ์ž…๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ณฐ์ด ์†์˜ท์„ ์ž…๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— Jeremy๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
Maybe he thinks the bear has some strange intentions or something like that. So: "Jeremy
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ณฐ์ด ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: "์ œ๋ ˆ๋ฏธ๋Š”
08:32
ran away from the bear while in his underwear." would make a bit more sense. But then: "While
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์†์˜ท ์ฐจ๋ฆผ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณฐ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋„๋ง์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ "
08:39
in... While still in his underwear, Jeremy ran away from the bear." That would be the
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๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ... ์•„์ง ์†์˜ท์„ ์ž…๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ Jeremy๋Š” ๊ณฐ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋„๋ง์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
08:44
best solution. Okay? So, again, lots of ways to use modifiers,
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์ตœ์„ ์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ˜์ •์ž๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
lots of different types of modifiers. Make sure you're putting them as close as possible
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ˆ˜์ •์ž๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์— ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:55
to the thing you're modifying. This way, you avoid misunderstandings and you avoid very
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. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜คํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ 
09:00
embarrassing sentences that could be. Okay? Again, this needs practice, it needs a little
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์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚œ์ฒ˜ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฐ์Šต์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
09:06
bit of looking very carefully at what you've written. Go to www.engvid.com. There's a quiz
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์ž‘์„ฑํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋งค์šฐ ์ฃผ์˜ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. www.engvid.com์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ํ€ด์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:12
there, you can practice this a little bit more. Please check out my channel on YouTube
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. ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. YouTube์—์„œ ์ œ ์ฑ„๋„์„ ํ™•์ธ
09:17
and subscribe to it. And I'll see you again very soon. Bye.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณง ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ๋…•.

Original video on YouTube.com
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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