Learn English Grammar: The Sentence

3,413,309 views ใƒป 2014-06-20

Adamโ€™s English Lessons


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:01
Hi again. I'm Adam. Welcome back to www.engvid.com. Today I have a very important lesson, I think,
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ €๋Š” ์•„๋‹ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. www.engvid.com์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋Š”
00:08
for all of you that will help you very much with your reading, but especially your writing
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๋…์„œ, ํŠนํžˆ ์ž‘๋ฌธ
00:13
skills. Okay?
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋งŽ์€ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ตํ›ˆ์„ ์ „ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
00:15
Today we're going to look at the sentence. What is a sentence? Now, I know that all of
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์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ด์ œ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€
00:20
you are saying: "Well, we know what a sentence is. We've learned this a thousand times before."
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"์Œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ „์— ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ฒˆ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
Right? I know what you've learned and I know what you haven't learned, many of you; some
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ๋Š”์ง€, ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
of you have, of course. The sentence has a very basic structure, there's a very basic
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—
00:33
component that must be involved or included in a sentence, and a lot of grammar teachers,
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ํฌํ•จ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ต์‚ฌ,
00:38
a lot of English teachers don't teach this. Okay? All of you, I'm sure have by now heard
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๋งŽ์€ ์˜์–ด ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘
00:44
of "SVO", but have you heard of "SVsC"? Have you heard of "SVC"? Maybe yes, maybe no. But
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"SVO"์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ "SVsC"์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? "SVC"์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ์˜ˆ, ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
00:51
I'm sure a lot of you are going: "What? I've never heard of these things before." Well,
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด "๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ ? ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ ์ ๋„ ์—†์–ด."๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€์Ž„,
00:55
we're going to talk about this in one second.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž ์‹œ ํ›„์— ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
Before we talk about a sentence, we have to talk about a clause. Now, what is a clause?
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ ˆ์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:02
I'm sure you've heard this word before as well, but just in case, a clause is any subject,
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์ „์—๋„ ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์…จ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋งŒ์ผ์„ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ˆ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์–ด,
01:08
verb combination. It's a group of words that must include a subject and a verb. Now, also
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๋™์‚ฌ ์กฐํ•ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
01:16
very important to remember: it must be a tense verb, meaning that it must take a time; past,
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ์‹œ์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ
01:22
present, future. Okay? No base verb, no infinitive verb. So that is a clause. Now, there are
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ, ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ ์—†์Œ. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์กฐํ•ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
01:29
two types of clauses. Okay? We have independent clauses and we have dependent clauses. The...
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋…๋ฆฝ ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. The...
01:36
These are sometimes called subordinate clauses. Now, every sentence in English to be a grammatically
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์˜์–ด์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ
01:43
correct sentence must have an independent clause. It doesn't need a dependent clause,
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข…์†์ ˆ์€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
01:50
but it could have one. The independent clause could include a dependent clause as the subject
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์ข…์†์ ˆ์€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์€ ์ฃผ์–ด๋‚˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋กœ ์ข…์†์ ˆ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:57
or object. We'll talk about that after.
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. ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
So an independent clause has a subject and a verb, and it can stand by itself. It can
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์€ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ์„ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ
02:07
contain a complete idea by itself. Okay? So, technically, the shortest sentence you can
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์ž์ฒด๋กœ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์งง์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
02:15
have in English will be a... Will be an independent clause with a subject and verb. What is the
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... ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
absolute shortest sentence that you can think of? Think of a sentence, the shortest you
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์งง์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์งง์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
02:28
can possibly make it. Okay? Here's an example: "Go!" Is this a complete English sentence?
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. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”!" ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:38
Yes. Why? Because it contains an independent clause. Where? We have the implied subject:
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์˜ˆ. ์™œ? ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋””? ๋ฌต์‹œ์  ์ฃผ์–ด:
02:47
"you" and the tense verb: "go", the imperative tense "go". So this your basic English sentence.
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"you"์™€ ์‹œ์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ: "go", ๋ช…๋ น ์‹œ์ œ "go"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
Now, we have three other types, three basic types and we can of course play with these
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ํ˜•, ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋†€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:01
after. Subject, verb, object. Some independent clauses must have an object, we'll talk about
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. ์ฃผ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ, ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด. ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์ ˆ์—๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ž ์‹œ ํ›„์— ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:09
that in a second. Excuse me. Subject, verb, subject complement. Some sentences must have
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. ์‹ค๋ก€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ, ์ฃผ์–ด ๋ณด์–ด. ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด
03:16
a subject complement. Subject, verb, complement. Okay? We're going to talk about each of these
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๋ณด์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ, ๋ณด์–ด. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์ž ์‹œ ํ›„์— ์ด๋“ค ๊ฐ๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:22
in a moment. I have the "A" here because quite often, this complement is actually an adverb
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. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— "A"๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ฝค ์ž์ฃผ ์ด ๋ณด์™„์–ด๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
03:28
phrase or an adverbial. We'll talk about that in a second.
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๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ตฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž ์‹œ ํ›„์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
So your basic sentence can be any one of these three. Now, the reason we're looking at this...
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”... ์ด
03:38
All these structures is because once you understand what must be contained in a sentence, then
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์ผ๋‹จ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ
03:44
you can read any English sentence out there that is grammatically correct and be able
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๋ชจ๋“  ์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:49
to understand the main idea of that sentence. Okay? So let's start with "SVO".
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์ฃผ์š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜. ์ข‹์•„์š”? "SVO"๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
Okay, let's look at our "SVO" type of independent clause: subject, verb, object. Now, first,
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์ข‹์•„, ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์˜ "SVO" ์œ ํ˜•์ธ ์ฃผ์–ด , ๋™์‚ฌ, ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์ž. ์ž, ๋จผ์ €
04:03
what is an object? Well, we have two types of objects to talk about. We have the direct
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๊ฐ์ฒด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ๊ธ€์Ž„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜• ์˜ ๊ฐ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง์ ‘
04:08
object, we have the indirect object. Now, the thing to understand is that the object
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๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ฐ„์ ‘ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€
04:14
always answers a question about the verb, it completes the meaning of the verb by asking
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๊ณ  "What?"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
the questions: "What?" or: "Who?" Now, keep in mind that technically, it's: "Whom?" But
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๋˜๋Š” : "๋ˆ„๊ฐ€?" ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” "๋ˆ„๊ตฌ?"๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
04:31
if you say: "Who?" I'll let it go this time. Okay? Formal academic writing, "Whom?", "Whom?",
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"๋ˆ„๊ฐ€? "๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ๋†“์•„์ค„๊ฒŒ. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์ •์‹ ํ•™์ˆ  ์ž‘๋ฌธ, "๋ˆ„๊ตฌ?", "๋ˆ„๊ตฌ?",
04:36
"Whom?" IELTS, TOEFL, SAT, all that - "Whom?" not: "Who?" In the object position. But the
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"๋ˆ„๊ตฌ?" IELTS, TOEFL, SAT, ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ - "๋ˆ„๊ตฌ?" ์•„๋‹ˆ: "๋ˆ„๊ฐ€?" ๊ฐœ์ฒด ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
04:43
direct object answers: "What?" or: "Who?" about the verb. Okay? We'll get back to that.
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์ง์ ‘ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋Š” "๋ญ?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” : "๋ˆ„๊ฐ€?" ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
An indirect object answers the question: "To what?" or: "For what?" or: "Whom?", "To what?",
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๊ฐ„์ ‘ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋Š” "๋ฌด์—‡์—?"๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” : "๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์œ„ํ•ด?" ๋˜๋Š” : "๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ?", "๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์œ„ํ•ด?", "๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์œ„ํ•ด?", "๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ
05:03
"For what?", "To whom?", "For whom?" Usually about the object, about the direct object.
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?", "๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด?" ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด, ์ง์ ‘ ๊ฐ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด. ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋„ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด
05:09
You will never see an indirect object without a direct object in the sentence as well. Now,
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์—†์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ„์ ‘ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด์ œ
05:15
again, before I get back to the objects, let me explain this word: "transitive verb". I
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฐ์ฒด๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์— "ํƒ€๋™์‚ฌ"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š”
05:20
don't care if you remember this word or not; it's not important, that's just a grammar
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋“  ๋ง๋“  ์ƒ๊ด€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•
05:24
word. Understand the meaning of this situation. A transitive verb must take an object, a direct
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๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ํƒ€๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด, ์ง์ ‘ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:35
object. Okay?
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. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
05:38
Look at this sentence here: "I want." Is this a complete sentence? I have a subject and
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”: "I want." ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ฃผ์–ด์™€
05:43
verb. Right? Should be okay. "Want" is a transitive verb. There's no such thing as wanting without
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๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์„๊ฑฐ์•ผ. "์›ํ•˜๋‹ค"๋Š” ํƒ€๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:49
wanting something. Okay? So this is not a complete sentence. This sentence or this clause
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. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์ด ์ ˆ์€
05:56
must take an object. "I want candy." Now it's complete because it answers the question:
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๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํƒ•์„ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค." ์ด์ œ
06:05
"What?" about want. Not all verbs are transitive. Some are intransitive, means they don't take
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"๋ฌด์—‡?"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด. ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํƒ€๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ž๋™์‚ฌ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:12
an object. Some are called ambitransitive, means in some situations, they take an object;
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. ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์–‘์ „์ด์ (ambitransitive)์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
in some situations, they don't take an object. But that's for a different lesson altogether.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตํ›ˆ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
So we have "SVO" must have an object to the verb.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "SVO"๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
Now, here: "She gave Mary a letter." We have our subject "she", we have our verb, "gave",
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ: "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” Mary์—๊ฒŒ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ฃผ์–ด "she"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ "gave",
06:32
past tense. "Mary", okay? She gave who? No. She gave what? A letter. We have our direct
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ", ์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์•„๋‡จ. ๋ญ˜ ์คฌ์–ด์š”? ํŽธ์ง€.
06:41
object to Mary, indirect object. She gave a letter to Mary. She gave Mary a letter.
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Mary์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด, ๊ฐ„์ ‘ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” Mary์—๊ฒŒ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” Mary์—๊ฒŒ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
Okay? So we have: she gave what? Again, this is a transitive verb, it must take an object,
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์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”: ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํƒ€๋™์‚ฌ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ธ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:55
a direct object. She gave a letter to Mary, our indirect object. This is a complete independent
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. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ„์ ‘๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ธ Mary์—๊ฒŒ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋…๋ฆฝ
07:01
clause, a complete idea full of meaning, ready to be added on to.
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์ ˆ, ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋… , ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
Now, what do you put before or what you put after, that's all complements basically. It's
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์ž, ์•ž์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋„ฃ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋’ค์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋„ฃ๋Š๋ƒ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ณด์™„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
07:12
not important. You can have a lot more phrases, you can have other clauses, you can have subordinate
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์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
07:18
clauses added to this. This is your main idea of the sentence, that's your independent clause.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ข…์†์ ˆ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์ด๊ณ  ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
Let's look at the other type: the subject, verb, subject complement.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ํ˜•์ธ ์ฃผ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ, ์ฃผ์–ด ๋ณด์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
Okay, so now we're going to look at the other type of sentence, the other type of independent
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ, ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ
07:33
clause you can have. Subject, verb, subject complement. Before we look at it, I want you
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์ ˆ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ, ์ฃผ์–ด ๋ณด์–ด. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
07:39
to notice very carefully this "e" here. Okay? We don't have "compliment". "Compliment",
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด "e"๋ฅผ ๋งค์šฐ ์ฃผ์˜ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "์นญ์ฐฌ"์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์นญ์ฐฌ",
07:50
"complement". This one means to complete something. This one means to say nice things about someone.
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"๋ณด์™„". ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ข‹์€ ์ ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
"Oh, I look your shirt, it's very nice. It suits you." That's a compliment. "Complement",
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"์˜ค, ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์…”์ธ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹๋„ค์š”. ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ž˜ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์นญ์ฐฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ณด์™„",
08:01
to complete. So a subject complement completes the meaning of something. Now, we had the
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์™„๋ฃŒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด ๋ณด์™„์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์ „์— ๊ฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:08
object before. The object answered the question about the verb. Right? It completed the meaning
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. ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:13
of the verb. The subject complement completes the meaning or says something about the subject,
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. ์ฃผ์–ด ๋ณด์–ด๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ฃผ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:21
not the verb. Okay? It also answers the question: "What?" about the subject. One way to think
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. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋˜ํ•œ "๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต๋ณ€๋„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด. ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
08:30
about this is think of the verb, the "be" verb-and it's always going to be a "be" verb-think
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๋™์‚ฌ "be" ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ "be" ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
of it as an equal sign. Subject = the subject complement.
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๋“ฑํ˜ธ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ฃผ์ œ = ์ฃผ์ œ ๋ณด์™„.
08:41
So, for example... And many students still ask me this, I'll say it again. "I am Canadian."
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด... ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฌป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚˜๋Š” ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์ธ์ด๋‹ค."
08:48
So "I" equals "Canadian", Canadian completes the meaning of "I", same thing. Right? This
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "I"๋Š” "Canadian"๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๊ณ  Canadian์€ "I"์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
08:53
is the completion of me.
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๋‚˜์˜ ์™„์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
This sentence looks a little bit more complicated, but it's the exact same thing. "The weatherman
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ผ๊ธฐ์˜ˆ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ƒ์บ์Šคํ„ฐ๊ฐ€
09:01
must be wrong about today's forecast." I still have the "be" verb, this modal, "must" only
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ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‚˜ ๋ด์š”." ๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ "be"๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋‹ฌ "must"๋Š”
09:07
tells me something about the degree of the "be" verb; it doesn't tell me anything about
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"be"๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์ •๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์ œ๋‚˜ ๋ณด์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:12
the subject or the complement. So the weatherman, wrong. The weatherman is wrong "about today's
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. ๊ธฐ์ƒ์บ์Šคํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ํ‹€๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ƒ์บ์Šคํ„ฐ๋Š” "์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด" ํ‹€๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:21
forecast." This is just an extra piece of information. It is a complement to "wrong".
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. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ž˜๋ชป"์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด์™„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
Wrong about what? That's... We're going to talk about different types of complements
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๋ญ๊ฐ€ ํ‹€๋ ธ์–ด? ๊ทธ๊ฑด... ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋ณด์™„๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:36
like this one. "Wrong" is a complement to "weatherman". "About today's forecast" is
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. "Wrong"์€ "weatherman"์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ณด์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ"๋Š”
09:41
a complement to "wrong". A sentence can have many complements. Okay? An independent clause
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"์ž˜๋ชป๋œ"์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณด์™„์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์€
09:47
can only have one object, one subject, one verb. However, you can have many clauses in
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด, ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด, ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์ ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:52
a sentence, you can only have one independent clause unless, of course, you have two independent
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. ๋ฌผ๋ก 
09:59
clause joined by a conjunction; "and", "but", "or", etcetera. We'll talk about that in a
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์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์ด ์—†๋Š” ํ•œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ", "๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜", "๋˜๋Š”" ๋“ฑ. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„
10:04
little bit as well. So weatherman must be wrong about today's forecast. So this is your
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ์ƒ์ฒญ์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์ผ๊ธฐ์˜ˆ๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ‹€๋ ธ์Œ์— ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
10:10
subject, verb... Subject, verb, subject complement. Now we're going to look at the last one: subject,
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์ฃผ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ... ์ฃผ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ, ์ฃผ์–ด ๋ณด์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ์ฃผ์–ด,
10:17
verb, complement.
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๋™์‚ฌ, ๋ณด์–ด.
10:19
Okay, let's look at our last one. We have "SVA". I put "A" because quite often when
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์ข‹์•„, ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์ž. "SVA"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ "A"๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ฝค ์ž์ฃผ
10:25
you have to have it, it's an adverbial, but technically, anything that's not an object
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋‚˜
10:30
or a subject complement is just a complement. It is necessary to... For the completion of
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์ฃผ๊ฒฉ ๋ณด์™„์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ์ € ๋ณด์™„์–ด์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค... ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์™„์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
10:35
the sentence. Now, an adverbial. Why do we call it an "adverbial"? Because it answers
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. ์ž, ๋ถ€์‚ฌ. ์™œ "๋ถ€์‚ฌ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
10:40
the questions: "Where?", "When?", "How?", "Why?" We saw that the object answers: "What?"
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"์–ด๋””์—์„œ?", "์–ธ์ œ?", "์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ?", "์™œ?"๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์ฒด๊ฐ€ "๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ ?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
or: "Who?" Adverbial answers the other questions. About what? About the subject? No. It's about
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๋˜๋Š” : "๋ˆ„๊ฐ€?" ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์—‡์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด? ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด? ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”.
10:53
the verb again. Okay?
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
10:55
So, for example, if I say: "I went." Is this a complete sentence? No, because "go" means
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด "๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, "go"๋Š”
11:02
you have to go somewhere. Technically, in certain contexts, it could be an answer to
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์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์— ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŠน์ • ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:06
another question. But as... By itself, it's not a complete sentence. I need to add something
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. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ... ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:11
to it. "I went to the store." I went where? To the store. "To the store" is a complement,
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. "๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค." ๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ๋กœ. "To the store"๋Š” ๋ณด์™„์–ด
11:21
but it's acting as an adverb because it answers one of these questions. Remember: a complement,
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์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถ€์‚ฌ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”: ๋ณด์ถฉ์–ด,
11:26
and I just want to explain it here, completes the meaning of something. It could... In this case, it
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . It could... ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
11:42
completes the meaning of the verb, but complements can also complete the meanings of something
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๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณด์–ด๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:46
else. We had "SVsC" completes the meaning of the subject. We can also have complements
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. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "SVsC"๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์ œ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ
11:51
that complete the meaning of an object, or a preposition, or many other things. I'll
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๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋‚˜ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณด์™„์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:56
give you a few examples soon.
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๊ณง ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:58
"Bill lives in Hawaii." Bill lives where? In Hawaii.
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"๋นŒ์€ ํ•˜์™€์ด์— ์‚ฐ๋‹ค." ๋นŒ์€ ์–ด๋””์— ์‚ฌ๋‚˜์š”? ํ•˜์™€์ด์—์„œ.
12:02
Now, I want you to also look at this sentence: "Carl reads." Now, could this sent-... Could
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์ž, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "Carl reads." ์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณด๋‚ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”...
12:07
this clause-I should say, subject, verb-could this be a complete sentence? Sure. What does
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์ด ์ ˆ์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์งˆ๊นŒ์š”, ๋™์‚ฌ์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๋Š”.
12:12
Carl do..? What does Carl do in his spare time? He reads. Now, what he reads, maybe
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์นผ์€ ๋ญํ•ด..? ์นผ์€ ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ฝ๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ฝ๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์€
12:19
not important; I want the action more than the thing he reads. However, I see Carl, he's
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์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ฝ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋” ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์นผ์ด
12:27
reading all the time, and I think: "What? Is he in school?" No. "Carl reads for pleasure."
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณด๋ฉด "๋ญ์•ผ? ํ•™๊ต์— ์žˆ์–ด?"๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”. "Carl์€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ
12:36
I need this piece of information to complete the idea, to complete the meaning of this
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์™„์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ด ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:43
sentence. "Carl reads books." and: "Carl reads for pleasure." are two completely different
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. "์นผ์€ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  : "Carl์€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
12:50
sentences; they have completely different meanings. If I want to specify a particular
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:55
meaning, I want to tell you why he reads, then I have to add this complement, I have
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ฝ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ด ๋ณด์™„์–ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:00
to add this adverbial to complete the meaning of this verb. "He reads newspapers.", "He
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์ด ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ๋Š” ์‹ ๋ฌธ์„ ์ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "๊ทธ๋Š”
13:07
reads comic books.", "He reads obituaries." Do you know what an "obituary" is? In the
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๋งŒํ™”์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "๊ทธ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ง ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." "๋ถ€๊ณ "๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์‹ ๋ฌธ์—๋Š”
13:13
newspaper, sometimes they put little notices of people who died. Some people like to read
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์ฃฝ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž‘์€ ๊ณต๊ณ ๋ฌธ์ด ์‹ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ฝ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:17
these things, I don't know why, but some people do. But Carl, he reads for pleasure; he enjoys
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. ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์นผ์€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š”
13:23
it, it's fun for him. But this completes the meaning of that.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฏธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:27
So there you have the three types. Now, the thing to remember is that you can mix all
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:32
of these. You can have "SVAO". Well, no, you can't have "SVA". You can "SVOA", you can
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. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ "SVAO"๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ "SVA"๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "SVOA",
13:39
have "SVOC", you can have "SVAAC", etcetera. You can mix them. I'm going to give you a
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"SVOC", "SVAAC" ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
13:46
couple of examples here to see what I'm talking about.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
13:49
Okay, let's look at some examples here. I want... Keep in mind this is very basic stuff.
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€... ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
13:54
You're going to see very, very complicated sentences in your readings, especially once
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ, ๋งค์šฐ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ผ๋‹จ
13:59
you get into academic readings. But: "I went to the store to buy bread for breakfast this
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ์ฝ๊ธฐ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ " ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— ๋นต์„ ์‚ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค
14:05
morning." Now, this might seem like a bit of a complicated sentence, but it's actually
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." ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š”
14:09
a simple sentence and it only has "SV", lots of "C's". Okay? "I went", subject, verb. Where?
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด๊ณ  "SV"๋งŒ ์žˆ๊ณ  "C"๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? "๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ”๋‹ค", ์ฃผ์ œ, ๋™์‚ฌ. ์–ด๋””?
14:22
"To the store". This is an adverbial. Where? "To buy bread". Why? Why did I go to the store?
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"๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ๋กœ". ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋””? "๋นต ์‚ฌ๋Ÿฌ". ์™œ? ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์— ์™œ ๊ฐ”์ง€?
14:30
"For breakfast". "Bread", for what? At the store, I bought bread. I bought bread for
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"์•„์นจ ์‹์‚ฌ๋กœ". "๋นต", ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์œ„ํ•ด? ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋นต์„ ์ƒ€๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„์นจ์œผ๋กœ ๋นต์„ ์ƒ€๋‹ค
14:39
breakfast. When? "This morning". This goes back to "went". Okay? All of these are complements
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. ์–ธ์ œ? "์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ". ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ "๊ฐ”๋‹ค"๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
14:47
to the... to each other and to the verb: "went". You can have many complements. You don't want
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... to each other์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ "went"์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด์™„์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณด์™„์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€
14:52
to have too, too many because then your sentence becomes long, and a little bit boring, and
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด, ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๊ธธ์–ด์ง€๊ณ , ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์ง€๋ฃจํ•ด์ง€๊ณ ,
14:57
a little bit in danger of being run-on. Okay? But you can add as many as you want. Now,
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์งˆ์งˆ ๋Œ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŒํผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
15:03
the complements could be anything; could be infinitive phrase, or participle phrase, or
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๋ณด์™„ ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๊ตฌ, ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ตฌ, ์ ˆ,
15:08
a clause, or a gerund, or noun phrase. Anything. Okay? As long as it's grammatically correct.
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๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ, ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
15:15
Here's another sentence. Now, this one also looks a little complicated, it's not either.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ณต์žกํ•ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:19
"What Sharon forgot to mention was that her husband was the CEO of Microsoft and makes
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"์ƒค๋ก ์ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰์„ ์žŠ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋‚จํŽธ์ด ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์˜ CEO์ด๊ณ 
15:24
a lot of money, which is why she can afford all of her holidays." Sorry, I forgot the
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:30
comma there. Okay. Now you're thinking: "Oh, wow. I have no idea." First thing, remember
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. ์ข‹์•„์š”. ์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ "์˜ค, ์™€์šฐ. ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด."๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €,
15:36
what I said: you have to find your independent clause first. Now, keep in mind a subject
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋ง์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”: ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์กฐํ•ญ์„ ๋จผ์ € ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ฃผ์ œ
15:41
can be a subordinate clause as well. What is the subject of this entire sentence? Is
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๋„ ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ด ์ „์ฒด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
15:46
it Sharon? No. Is it CEO, is it her husband, is it Microsoft? No. What we have here is
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์ƒค๋ก ์ด์•ผ? ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”. CEO์ธ๊ฐ€์š”, ๋‚จํŽธ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”, Microsoft์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
15:54
a noun clause subject. This is your subject, a subject which is an independent clau-...
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๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ ์ฃผ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์ ˆ-...
16:04
A dependent clause-sorry-this is called a noun clause. It has its own subject and verb.
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์ข…์†์ ˆ-์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค-์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์ฒด ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:09
Remember a dependent clause also has a subject and verb. Forgot what? "To mention", it has
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์ข…์†์ ˆ์—๋„ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์žŠ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? "์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋‹ค"๋Š”
16:14
an object to "forgot". Now, here's your verb: "was". Okay? "Her husband", "that her husband
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"์žŠ์—ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "was". ์ข‹์•„์š”? "๋‚จํŽธ", "๋‚จํŽธ์ด
16:22
was the CEO of Microsoft and makes a lot of money". Sharon forg-... This is the subject,
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๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ CEO๊ณ  ๋ˆ๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฒˆ๋‹ค" Sharon forg-... ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฃผ์–ด์ด๊ณ 
16:33
this is the subject complement because we have a "be" verb. This is also a noun clause
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฃผ์–ด ๋ณด์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "be" ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ
16:37
with its own subject and verb. "That her husband was the CEO" and that he "makes a lot of money."
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์ž์ฒด ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚จํŽธ์ด CEO์˜€๋‹ค"๋ฉฐ "๋ˆ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฒˆ๋‹ค"๊ณ .
16:45
Okay? "Which is why she can afford all of her holidays." We were wondering: "Sharon
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์ข‹์•„์š”? "๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ถ๊ธˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "์ƒค๋ก ์€
16:50
goes away on holiday all the time, but she doesn't work. How does she do that? She's
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด
16:54
never told us that she inherited money. Oh, what she forgot to mention last time she explained
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๋ฌผ๋ ค๋ฐ›์€ ๋ˆ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„, ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚œ๋ฒˆ์— ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€
16:59
was that", blah, blah, blah. Okay? So this is a complement.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." , ใ…‹ ใ…‹ ใ…‹ ใ…‹ ใ…‹ ใ…‹. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณด์™„์ฑ…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:04
Now, of course, this doesn't look too easy. Remember: a subject could be anything, an
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ์‰ฌ์šด ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”: ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
17:09
object could be anything. Not anything, but there's all kinds of subjects and objects.
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๊ฐ์ฒด๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ๊ฐ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:13
We'll discuss that another time. Find your subject, your main subject, find your main
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์–ด, ์ฃผ ์ฃผ์–ด, ์ฃผ๋™์‚ฌ,
17:19
verb, find your object, complement, etcetera.
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๋ชฉ์ ์–ด, ๋ณด์–ด ๋“ฑ์„ ์ฐพ์œผ์„ธ์š”.
17:23
Now, remember I said: every sentence must have at least one independent clause. It could
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์ด์ œ, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”: ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์ ์–ด๋„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:28
have two, it could have three, as long as you have a coordinating conjunction, "and",
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"and", "
17:33
"but", "or". "John loves Kate", John loves who? Kate. "and Kate loves John." Subject,
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but", "or"์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋“ฑ์œ„ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋งŒ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋‘˜์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์…‹์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "John์€ Kate๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค", John์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ผ€์ดํŠธ. "๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ€์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์กด์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•ด." ์ฃผ์–ด,
17:39
verb, object. Subject, verb, object. Two independent clauses, one sentence, conjunction. Okay?
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๋™์‚ฌ, ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด. ์ฃผ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ, ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด. 2๊ฐœ์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์ ˆ, 1๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ, ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
17:48
This might seem a little bit difficult, but there's a quiz on www.engvid.com, go to it,
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ www.engvid.com์— ํ€ด์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๊ฐ€์„œ
17:53
check it out. And remember: this is all very good for your writing skills and your reading
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ํ™•์ธํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”: ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ž‘๋ฌธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:58
skills. But if you need a little bit more help, check out my website: www.writetotop.com,
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์ œ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ www.writetotop.com์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
18:05
a lot more information there to help you out. And come again soon.
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๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณง ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์„ธ์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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