Parts of Speech in English Grammar: VERBS & ADVERBS

274,702 views ใƒป 2020-02-27

Adamโ€™s English Lessons


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi, welcome to www.engvid.com , I'm Adam.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€www.engvid.com ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚Adam ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:02
In today's video, I'm going to continue looking at parts of speech, in particular I'm going
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏใ€ๅผ•ใ็ถšใ ๅ“่ฉžใ€็‰นใซ
00:08
to look at verbs and adverbs.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใจๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:11
Now, for those of you who watch regularly, there's also a video, you know, about nouns
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€ ๅ่ฉžใจๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š
00:16
and adjectives, and there's a link in the description box below.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ‹ใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใƒœใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:20
There will be another video about articles, conjunctions, prepositions, etc.
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ๅ† ่ฉžใ€ๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใชใฉใซใคใ„ใฆใฎๅˆฅใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใŒใ‚ใ‚‹
00:25
So today, we're looking at the different types of verbs and adverbs.
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ใฎใงใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็จฎ้กž ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใจๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:29
What do adverbs do?
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ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:31
So, it's very important to understand how each of these verbs works, and again, there're
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใใ‚Œใžใ‚ŒใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆ ใงใ™ใ€‚็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉž
00:38
different videos for all - for each of these, but know the types so that you can recognize
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ใฎ็จฎ้กžใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ€ๆ–‡ใง่ช่ญ˜ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
00:44
them in a sentence.
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ใ€‚
00:45
Again, remember the parts of speech are the categories that every word in a sentence belongs
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅ“่ฉž ใฏๆ–‡ไธญใฎใ™ในใฆใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒๅฑžใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ซใƒ†ใ‚ดใƒชใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆ
00:52
to, and recognizing each word will help you understand how to analyze a sentence for meaning,
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ๅ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณ
01:00
for composition, for all kinds of things, and how to write sentences as well.
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ใ€ๆง‹ๆˆใ€ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹็จฎ้กžใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅˆ†ๆžใ™ใ‚‹ ๆ–นๆณ•ใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ›ธใๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚ ่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
01:05
So, again, technically, this is for beginners, but intermediate and advanced students -- a
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใซใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅˆๅฟƒ่€…ๅ‘ใ‘ใงใ™ ใŒใ€ไธญ็ดš่€…ใŠใ‚ˆใณไธŠ็ดš่€…
01:11
lot for you to gain from this as well.
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ๅ‘ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใฎใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:13
So, the types of verbs.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ็จฎ้กžใ€‚
01:15
We have the "be" verb.
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ใ€Œbeใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:17
Am, is, are, was, were, will be, right?
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ใ‚ขใƒ  ใ‚คใ‚บ ใ‚ขใƒฌ ใƒฏใ‚บ ใƒฏใƒซ ใƒ“ใƒผ ใ‚คใ‚บ ใ‚ขใƒฌ?
01:21
So, these are the "be" verbs, these talk about a state or a situation, okay, of something
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใง ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹็Šถๆ…‹ใ‚„็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—
01:27
happening.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:28
There's no action, there's just state, okay?
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ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏใชใใ€็Šถๆ…‹ใ ใ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:31
What is the situation of the context we're talking about?
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็งใŸใกใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ–‡่„ˆใฎ็Šถๆณใฏไฝ• ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:35
It's very important and probably the most used verb of all the verbs.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไธญใงๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
01:41
Then you have your active verbs.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:44
For example, you have play, or you have give, so you're giving something or you're playing
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€you have play ใพใŸใฏ you have give ใงใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹
01:51
tennis, etc.
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ใ€ใƒ†ใƒ‹ใ‚นใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚
01:53
These are actives.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:54
These can be written in a passive form, okay, so "was played", or "is played", tennis was
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅ—ใ‘่บซใฎๅฝขใงๆ›ธใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใญ
02:02
played by all the kids, okay?
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02:05
So, again, not the best sentence, but that's the verb.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆœ€่‰ฏใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œ ใŒๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
02:08
Active or passive verbs, where something is actually happening, there's an action, and
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใพใŸใฏใƒ‘ใƒƒใ‚ทใƒ–ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
02:13
it's very important to realize that action verbs come in transitive or intransitive form.
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ใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒไป–ๅ‹•่ฉžใพใŸใฏ่‡ชๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅฝขใงๆฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™.
02:20
Sometimes, ambitransitive means they can be transitive or intransitive, depends on how
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ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏใ€ambitransitive ใฏใ€ไฝฟ็”จๆ–นๆณ•ใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€ไป–ๅ‹•่ฉžใพใŸใฏ้ž่‡ชๅ‹•่ฉžใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
02:25
they are used.
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ใ€‚
02:26
A transitive verb must take an object, okay?
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ไป–ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใญใ€‚
02:31
A transitive verb must take an object, so for example, "want", okay?
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ไป–ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆ ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:42
Want is actually not an active verb, but it's a transitive verb, and a transitive verb must
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want ใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ ใ€ไป–ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไป–ๅ‹•่ฉž
02:46
take the object, so you always want something.
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ใฏใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅธธใซไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
02:49
You want what?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:50
Candy.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€‚
02:51
You want what?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:52
To play, okay?
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้Šใณใซใ€ใ„ใ„๏ผŸ
02:54
So "want" always takes an object.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใ€ใฏๅธธใซใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:59
Intransitive does not take an object, okay?
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่‡ชๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
03:02
So, for example, "go".
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€Œ่กŒใใ€ใ€‚
03:05
Go where?
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ใฉใ“ใธ่กŒใ๏ผŸ
03:06
Where does not work as an object, it works as an adverb.
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where ใฏใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใจใ—ใฆๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ›ใš ใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:10
So "go" will never have an object, it will have an adverbial compliment which is a different
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œgoใ€ใซใฏๆฑบใ—ใฆ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใŒใชใใ€ใพใฃใŸใ ๅˆฅใฎๆ•™่จ“ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ‰ฏ่ฉž็š„ใช่ณ›่พžใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
03:17
lesson altogether.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:19
If you want to understand how these things work, I have a video about the sentence structures,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ ใฏใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ช
03:26
what is a sentence in English?
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ–‡ใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
03:28
You can get some more information there as well.
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ใใ“ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ่ฉณใ—ใ„ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
03:30
So active - passive.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– - ใƒ‘ใƒƒใ‚ทใƒ–ใ€‚
03:32
Now, there's something called a state verb.
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ใ•ใฆใ€็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:35
So, for example, "believe", or "understand", or "know", or "think", okay?
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ใงใฏใ€ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œไฟกใ˜ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ‹ใ€Œใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ€ ใจใ‹ใ€Œ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ‹ใ€Œ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ‹ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
03:45
Here, we use these "like" action verbs in terms of construction, okay?
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ€Œๅฅฝใใชใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆง‹้€ ใฎ่ฆณ็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใญใ€‚
03:51
But there is no action.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:52
When you say "I believe you are correct.", "believe", I'm not doing anything.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใจไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใ€ใ€Œไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ ใ€็งใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:57
It's just in my head - correct, that's it, right?
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎ้ ญใฎไธญใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™-ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ ใใ†ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:01
So, there's no action.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:03
And state verbs, we never use in the "-ing" form.
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ใพใŸใ€็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€ใ€Œ-ingใ€ใฎๅฝขใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
04:06
Never use them in a continuous form.
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้€ฃ็ถšใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:08
That's the main thing to remember about state verbs.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใในใไธปใชใ“ใจ ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:11
Then you have linking and copula verbs.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ‚ณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒฉๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:13
So, for example, seem.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:14
"He seems happy.", okay?
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๅนธใ›ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:20
There's no action here.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:22
There's no movement.
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ๅ‹•ใใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:23
Nothing is actually happening in this sentence, it's just describing a situation, and it's
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็Šถๆณใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใง
04:28
very similar to a "be" verb.
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ใ€ใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใจ้žๅธธใซใ‚ˆใไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:30
It's a situation.
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็Šถๆณใงใ™ใ€‚
04:31
He seems happy.
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ๅฝผใฏๅนธใ›ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:33
Maybe he is, maybe he isn't, but he's not, I'm not doing anything, he's not doing anything,
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ๅคšๅˆ†ๅฝผใฏใใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ—ใ€ ใใ†ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‘ใฉใ€ๅฝผใฏใใ†ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ€็งใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ๅฝผใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€
04:37
it's just my idea of his state or his feeling, okay?
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅฝผใฎ็Šถๆ…‹ใ‚„ๅฝผใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ็งใฎ่€ƒใˆใงใ™ใ€ ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:43
So again, we use these also like action verbs, but there's no action.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:48
Then you have your modals like will, can, could, may, might, should, these are all verbs
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ๆฌกใซใ€willใ€canใ€ couldใ€mayใ€mightใ€should ใชใฉใฎใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆ
04:54
that are used with other verbs, okay, or by themselves but with another verb understood,
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ใ€ไป–ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใจไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉž
05:02
so, "He can".
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:05
Can he swim?
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ๅฝผใฏๆณณใ’ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:06
Yes, he can, but "can" means "swim".
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใฏใ€Œๆณณใใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
05:08
He can swim.
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ๅฝผใฏๆณณใ’ใ‚‹ใ€‚
05:10
Can be able to.
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ใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
05:11
So, these modals give you a little bit of extra information about the main verb, okay?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซ ใฏใ€ไธปใชๅ‹•่ฉžใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹่ฟฝๅŠ ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใพใ™ใญใ€‚
05:17
Will is used to talk about future, would is talking about hypothetical, should - recommendation,
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will ใฏๆœชๆฅใ€would ใฏ ไปฎ่ชฌใ€should
05:23
may - probability, so each of these modals has a particular function, and you should
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-recommendmentใ€may -probability ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใซ ใฏใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆฉŸ่ƒฝใŒ
05:28
study the different modals and the different functions each has.
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใจ ใใ‚Œใžใ‚ŒใŒๆŒใคใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ‚’่ชฟในใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:32
Auxiliary, these are helping verbs: be, do, have.
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่ฃœๅŠฉใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™: be, do, have.
05:36
These are the auxiliary verbs.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
05:38
They are used to help a main verb do its action.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€ไธปใชๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
05:43
So, for example, if you have a present perfect verb, you have "have" or "has" as the helping
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใ€Œhaveใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œhasใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
05:49
verb.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:50
In a question, you use a helping verb.
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่ณชๅ•ใงใฏใ€ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:52
"Did you go?"
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"่กŒใฃใŸใฎ๏ผŸ"
05:53
So, "did go", not "went you", right?
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ใ€Œ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใใฆใ€Œ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
05:56
You don't do that.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:57
You split the verb into it's auxiliary and it's main.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฃœๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใจไธปๅ‹•่ฉžใซๅˆ†ใ‘ ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:02
The auxiliary takes the tense, okay?
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ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
06:06
But again, that's a different lesson altogether.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏใพใฃใŸใๅˆฅใฎๆ•™่จ“ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:09
And then when it comes to verbs, it's very, very important that you study the tenses.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใซ้–ขใ—ใฆ่จ€ใˆ ใฐใ€ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใŒ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
06:15
Past, present perfect, and know how to use the base verb means just the verb by itself,
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้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝข ใ€ๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ๅ‹•่ฉž่‡ชไฝ“
06:21
the idea of the verb, not the action or anything like that, or the infinitive "to" verb.
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ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚„ใใฎ ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ€ใพใŸใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไธๅฎš่ฉž "to" ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:28
"To be", "to play", "to want", okay?
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ใ€Œใชใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ้ŠใณใŸใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆฌฒใ—ใŒใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
06:31
So, these are the different verbs you need to study.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ .
06:34
These are the aspects of the verb that you really need to study, okay?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅด้ขใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
06:39
And then you'll know how to use them.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:40
Now, every sentence in English, every clause in English has a verb in it.
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ใ•ใฆใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ™ในใฆใฎๆ–‡ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ™ในใฆใฎ็ฏ€ ใซใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:46
At least one verb as the main verb, and then other verbs as infinitives or base verbs.
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ๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚ 1 ใคใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไธปๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ ไป–ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไธๅฎš่ฉžใพใŸใฏๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:51
So, study these.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:53
Now, before I go on, I highly, highly recommend that you get yourself a good grammar book
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใ‚€ๅ‰ใซใ€ๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎๅŸบ็คŽใ‚’ๅญฆใณๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ ใ€ๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸๆ–‡ๆณ•ๆ›ธใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผทใใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™
07:01
to start studying the basics, at least, of grammar.
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.
07:05
Without a good grasp of grammar, you can't make good English sentences in speaking or
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฃใ‹ใ‚Š็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ‚Šๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹้š›ใซ่‰ฏใ„่‹ฑๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“
07:11
writing.
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ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’
07:12
You'll have a very hard time understanding sentences in English, okay?
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็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซ้žๅธธใซ่‹ฆๅŠดใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใญใ€‚
07:17
Get yourself a good grammar book, learn the different types of verbs, learn the tenses,
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่‰ฏใ„ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎๆœฌใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ€ ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็จฎ้กžใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅญฆใณใ€ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ๅญฆใณ
07:22
start using them correctly, okay?
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใไฝฟใ„ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:25
Let's look at adverbs.
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ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:26
Okay, so now we're going to look at adverbs, okay?
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ใงใฏใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ ใ†ใ€‚
07:29
And a lot of people think because adjectives describe nouns that adverbs describe verbs.
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ๅคšใใฎไบบใฏใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใŒ ๅ่ฉžใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใŒๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:36
And they're correct, adverbs do describe verbs, they give you a little more information about
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ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉž ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆไพ›
07:41
the verb, but they're not only describing verbs, they can also describe adjectives and
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ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใ ใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚
07:48
they can describe other adverbs, okay?
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ใงใใ€ไป–ใฎๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:50
So, it's very important to remember that adverbs are multifunctional.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใฏๅคšๆฉŸ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใใ“ใจใฏ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆ ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:56
They do many things, and there are many different types of adverbs, okay?
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่กŒใ„ใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช ็จฎ้กžใฎๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใญใ€‚
08:00
If you want to talk about pace, okay, I walked fast.
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ใƒšใƒผใ‚นใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€็งใฏ้€Ÿใๆญฉใใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
08:05
I walked quickly.
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็งใฏ่ถณๆ—ฉใซๆญฉใ„ใŸใ€‚
08:06
Talking about the pace, the speed, okay?
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ใƒšใƒผใ‚นใ€ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒ‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใญใ€‚
08:09
If you want to talk about the strength, okay, "He lifted weights angerly.", whatever, or
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ๅผทใ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๆ€’ใฃใฆใ‚ฆใ‚จใ‚คใƒˆใ‚’ๆŒใกไธŠใ’ใŸใ€ใจใ‹
08:16
with some sort of intensity or quality is another one, okay?
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ใ€ใชใ‚“ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎๅผทใ•ใ‚„่ณชใจใฏ ๅˆฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
08:22
Intensity, like very, like very happy, so I have an adjective: I am very happy, instead
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Intensity, like very, like very happy, ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ ็งใฏๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™: ็ง
08:30
of just saying "happy".
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ใฏใŸใ ใ€Œๅนธใ›ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅนธใ›ใงใ™.
08:32
Very happy.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅนธใ›ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:33
I am making it more intensifying.
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ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๆฟ€ๅŒ–ใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:35
Or I can also do the other way.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ไป–ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:36
I can mitigate, I can make less happy.
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็งใฏ็ทฉๅ’Œใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€็งใฏๅนธใ›ใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใชใใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
08:39
I'm somewhat happy.
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ใชใ‚“ใ ใ‹ๅฌ‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:41
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:42
Negation, like "no" or "not", these are actually adverbs.
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ใ€Œnoใ€ใ‚„ใ€Œnotใ€ใชใฉใฎๅฆๅฎšใฏใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
08:47
Expectancy, or expectation.
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ๆœŸๅพ…ใ€ใพใŸใฏๆœŸๅพ…ใ€‚
08:50
For example, "already" and "yet".
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œใ™ใงใซใ€ใจใ€Œใพใ ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:54
I haven't don't it yet.
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ใพใ ใ‚„ใฃใฆใชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:57
I have already done it.
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็งใฏใ™ใงใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:59
These are adverbs.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
09:00
They tell you about expectation, about something that's already happened, something that hasn't
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ๆœŸๅพ…ใซใคใ„ใฆใ€ ใ™ใงใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ€ใพใ 
09:04
happened, it can be about time, for example, "I just finished.", so lots of different ways
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่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใชใฉใ€
09:11
to describe verbs, lots of different ways to describe adjectives, and if you think about
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–นๆณ•ใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–นๆณ• ใง่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ€ใใ—ใฆๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰
09:16
adverbs, "I speak very slowly.".
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ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Š่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€.
09:24
Slowly describes speak, the verb.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Šใจ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:27
Very describes slowly, the adverb, so you can have many different adverbs in a sentence.
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้žๅธธใซใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Šใจๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใง ใ€1 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใซใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ‚’ๅซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:33
Some will modify verbs, some will modify adjectives, some will modify other adverbs, okay?
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฟฎ้ฃพใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉž ใ‚’ไฟฎ้ฃพใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ไป–ใฎๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ‚’ไฟฎ้ฃพใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:40
So you can mix them all up.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ™ในใฆๆททใœใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:42
Now, you can have simple adverbs like fast, quickly, slowly, highly, intentionally, in
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ใ•ใฆใ€fastใ€ quicklyใ€slowใ€highlyใ€intentionally ใชใฉใฎๅ˜็ด”ใชๅ‰ฏ่ฉž
09:51
many cases you can take an adjective and add "-ly", okay?
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ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ ใ€Œ-lyใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใงใใพใ™ใญใ€‚
09:59
Take an adjective, add an "-ly" into it and make it into an adverb, but not always, and
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ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใซใ€Œ-lyใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ  ใ—ใฆๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใซใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅธธใซใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
10:05
then there are other words that are just adverbs by themselves, like for example, "very".
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ใ€‚ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œveryใ€ใชใฉใ€ใใ‚Œ่‡ชไฝ“ใŒๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ไป–ใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:09
Very is just an adverb, you're not going to use it in any other way, and it's an intensifier.
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Very ใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ไป–ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใชใใ€ๅผท่ชฟ่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
10:14
Now, I could fill the board with all kinds of different adverbs, but there's not much
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹็จฎ้กžใฎๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใงๅŸ‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ— ใŸใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใซใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
10:20
point in that.
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ใ€‚
10:21
Again, you should get yourself a good grammar book and study the different types of adverbs
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€่‰ฏใ„ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎๆœฌใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ€ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็จฎ้กžใฎๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆ
10:25
you can use and start practicing them and when you find yourself something good to read
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็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚่‹ฑ่ชžใง่ชญใ‚€ใฎใซ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘
10:30
in English, try to pick out the adverbs.
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ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ‚’้ธใ‚“ใงใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„.
10:34
Try to pick out the adjectives.
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ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’้ธใ‚“ใงใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:36
Try to pick out each of the different parts of speech and figure out how they're being
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพ ใชๅ“่ฉžใ‚’ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ้ธใณๅ‡บใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใงใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆŠŠๆกใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
10:41
used in these sentences.
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ใ€‚
10:44
Now, another way adverbs are used, we have adverb clauses to talk about or to describe
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใฎๅˆฅใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใจใ—ใฆ
10:52
a relationship between an independent clause and a time and a reason and purpose, okay?
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ใ€็‹ฌ็ซ‹็ฏ€ ใจๆ™‚้–“ใ€็†็”ฑใจ็›ฎ็š„ใจใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ‚Š่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ฏ่ฉž็ฏ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
10:59
So, although - "Although I like to eat pizza, I don't eat it often.".
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใƒ”ใ‚ถใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅฅฝใ ใ ใ‘ใฉใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Š้ฃŸในใชใ„ใ€.
11:09
Often - frequency adverb.
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ใ—ใฐใ—ใฐ - ้ ปๅบฆๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ€‚
11:11
Different - another type, alright?
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ๅˆฅใฎ - ๅˆฅใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
11:13
Often is an adverb.
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ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
11:14
"Don't eat", modifying "eat often", "not", negation.
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ใ€Œ้ฃŸในใชใ„ใ€ใ€ไฟฎ้ฃพใ€Œใ‚ˆใ้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ้ฃŸในใชใ„ใ€ใ€ ๅฆๅฎšใ€‚
11:19
So, you have adverbs all over the place, you have to know how they're being used, etc.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใฏใ„ใŸใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:25
Another thing to remember, adverbs often ask questions in a sentence.
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่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใในใใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎใ“ใจใฏใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใฏใ—ใฐใ—ใฐ ๆ–‡ใฎไธญใง่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
11:29
They don't ask - answer what or whom, okay?
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฐ‹ใญใพใ›ใ‚“ - ไฝ•ใพใŸใฏ่ชฐใซ็ญ”ใˆใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
11:32
These would be objects.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:33
They answer "where, why, how".
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€Œใฉใ“ใงใ€ใชใœใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใจ็ญ”ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
11:35
"I went", I went where? "to the store".
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ใ€Œ่กŒใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€ ใฉใ“ใธ่กŒใฃใŸ๏ผŸ "ๅบ—ใพใง"ใ€‚
11:39
"To the store", although it's a prepositional phrase, and again, we're going to talk about
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ใ€Œto the storeใ€ใฏๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉž ๅฅใงใ™ใŒใ€ใพใŸๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฎ่ฉฑใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒ
11:43
prepositions separately, this is acting as an adverb to answer the question "where",
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ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ€Œใฉใ“ใงใ€ใจใ„ใ†่ณชๅ•ใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ๅ‰ฏ่ฉž
11:51
okay?
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ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
11:52
The building was designed by a famous architect.
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ๅปบ็‰ฉใฏๆœ‰ๅใชๅปบ็ฏ‰ๅฎถใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ่จญ่จˆใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:56
By whom?
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่ชฐใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ๏ผŸ
11:57
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
11:58
Designed by whom?
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่ชฐใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ่จญ่จˆใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
11:59
It answers the question "whom", so that's actually an adjective, object, preposition.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œ่ชฐใŒใ€ใจใ„ใ†่ณชๅ•ใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ€็›ฎ็š„่ชžใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
12:03
So, you have to understand what's the relationship between the phrase and the verb or whatever
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใจๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใ€ใพใŸใฏ
12:12
the clause is that came before it, okay?
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ใใฎๅ‰ใซใ‚ใ‚‹็ฏ€ใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใญใ€‚
12:16
So, adverbs often answer these other questions "where, why, how, when", etc., "for what purpose?",
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉž ใฏใ€ใ€Œใฉใ“ใงใ€ใชใœใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ„ใคใ€ใชใฉใ€ใ€Œไฝ•ใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใงใ€ใชใฉใฎไป–ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
12:23
okay?
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ใญใ€‚
12:24
So, these are the adverbs, but again, lots of different types.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใงใ™ใŒใ€็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็จฎ้กžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:29
Make sure that you get a good grammar book and figure out which ones you need to know
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่‰ฏใ„ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎๆœฌใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ€ ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใในใๆ–‡ๆณ•
12:34
and how to use them, okay?
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ใจใใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใญใ€‚
12:35
Now, if you have any questions about adverbs or verbs, please go to www.engvid.com and
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ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ‚„ๅ‹•่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚น
12:42
ask me in the comment section there.
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ใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆ ใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใง่ณชๅ•ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใ‚’่ช่ญ˜
12:45
There's also going to be a quiz to make sure that you recognize adverbs and verbs and the
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ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:49
different types, and of course, if you liked this lesson, please subscribe to my YouTube
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€็งใฎ YouTube ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใซ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใฆใ€
12:55
channel and come back for more grammar lessons and other things like that.
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ ใ‚„ใใฎไป–ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:00
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
13:01
See you then.
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ใพใŸใญใ€‚
13:09
Bye.
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ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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