IELTS & TOEFL Writing Task 2 - The Introduction

1,870,446 views ใƒป 2013-10-07

Adamโ€™s English Lessons


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:02
Hi. Welcome back to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam. Nice to see you again. Today's lesson is for
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚ www.engvid.com ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ขใƒ€ใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใŠไผšใ„ใงใใฆใ†ใ‚Œใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏ
00:08
IELTS and TOEFL students, and so because these students need a little extra practice in listening
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IELTS ใจ TOEFL ใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿๅ‘ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ ๅญฆ็”Ÿใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‡ช็„ถใช้€Ÿใ•ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่žใใŸใ‚ใซๅฐ‘ใ—ไฝ™ๅˆ†ใช็ทด็ฟ’ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชใฎใง
00:14
to more natural speed English, I will speak a little bit faster. If you're a beginner
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ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ—ฉใ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžๅˆๅฟƒ่€…ใฎๆ–นใฏ
00:19
English learner, watch anyway. It's still good practice, but don't worry if I'm speaking
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ใœใฒใ”่ฆงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใ„ ็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใงใ™ใŒใ€็งใฎ
00:25
a little bit too fast. So more specifically, I'm going to be looking at the Writing -- Task
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่ฉฑใ—ๆ–นใŒๅฐ‘ใ—้€Ÿใ™ใŽใฆใ‚‚ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซ
00:30
2, the essay of the IELTS and/or TOEFL. They're very similar. That's why I'm doing them together.
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ใฏใ€IELTS ใŠใ‚ˆใณ/ใพใŸใฏ TOEFL ใฎใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐ -- ใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏ 2 ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใไธ€็ท’ใซใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:36
There're not big differences, but I will point them out. And what I'm doing is I'm concentrating
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ๅคงใใช้•ใ„ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜ใ—ใฆใŠใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŒใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ
00:42
on the introduction today, the introduction paragraph. I'm not showing you the whole essay;
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ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ็ดนไป‹ใ€็ดนไป‹ใฎๆฎต่ฝใซ้›†ไธญใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’ใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:50
I'm just showing you the introduction. Now, you're wondering, "Why? It's just the introduction.
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็ดนไป‹ใ ใ‘่ฆ‹ใ›ใฆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไธๆ€่ญฐใซๆ€ใฃใฆ
00:54
It's a short one, right?" No. This is probably the most important paragraph in your whole
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ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚ค ๅ…จไฝ“ใงใŠใใ‚‰ใๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชๆฎต่ฝ
00:59
essay. This is where you, basically, make or break your score, okay? Why? Because here
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€ ใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใŸใ‚Šไธ‹ใ’ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใชใ‚“ใง๏ผŸ
01:06
is where the reader understands what you're about to do. This is where the grader -- the
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€่ชญ่€…ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใง
01:11
person who's giving you your score -- understands if you understood the question; understands
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ๆŽก็‚น่€… (ใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ไบบ) ใฏ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅ•้กŒใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใŸใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ๅˆคๆ–ญใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:15
if you know what you're talking about; and understands if you knew how to plan well,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ่จˆ็”ปใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐ็†่งฃใงใใพใ™
01:19
okay? Very, very important the first paragraph, the introduction. So what are you going to
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ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ้žๅธธใซใ€้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใชๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆฎต่ฝ ใ€ๅฐŽๅ…ฅใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ€ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚‹
01:25
do? Of course you're going to plan first. You're not going to start writing. Do not
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ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Š๏ผŸ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซ่จˆ็”ปใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ›ธใๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:29
write one word of your essay until you have your plan ready. Once you have your plan ready,
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่จˆ็”ปใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒๆ•ดใ†ใพใงใ€ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใฎไธ€่จ€ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ‹ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใƒ—ใƒฉใƒณใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€
01:35
your essay is done. You just have to, basically, translate this plan into sentences. You're
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ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใฏๅฎŒๆˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€ ใ“ใฎ่จˆ็”ปใ‚’ๆ–‡็ซ ใซ็ฟป่จณใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:42
basically going for three to five sentences. Less than three, you missed something; you
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ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใฏ 3 ๏ฝž 5 ๆ–‡ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ 3 ๆœชๆบ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹้€ƒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸ
01:48
didn't do enough. More than five, you're going for words. You don't have time; don't worry
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ใฏๅๅˆ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ 5 ใคไปฅไธŠใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ”
01:52
about it. Three to five -- get down what you need to get down. Get into your bodies where
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ๅฟƒ้…ใชใใ€‚ 3 ใ‹ใ‚‰ 5 ใพใง - ้™ใ‚Šใ‚‹ ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’้™ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚ๆ›ธใใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไฝ“ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
01:57
you're going to be writing the most, okay? There are four questions you want to answer
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ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒญใƒ€ใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ ใง็ญ”ใˆใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„4ใคใฎ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
02:03
in the introduction. You will already have these answers once you've planned properly,
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ใ€‚ ้ฉๅˆ‡ใซ่จˆ็”ปใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็ญ”ใˆใฏใ™ใงใซๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™
02:08
okay? What do you want to answer? "What is the topic?" "What is the question?" "What
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ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ไฝ•ใ‚’็ญ”ใˆใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏไฝ• ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ "่ณชๅ•ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ" "
02:15
is your opinion?" And "What are your reasons?" These are the four things that must be included
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ" ใใ—ใฆใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็†็”ฑใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€ๅฐŽๅ…ฅใซๅซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ 4 ใคใฎใ“ใจใงใ™
02:19
in the introduction. Now, a lot of you think, "Well, 'topic' and
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ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œ่ฉฑ้กŒใ€ใจ
02:24
'question' is the same thing, right?" But no; they're not. This is where a lot of people
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ใ€Œ่ณชๅ•ใ€ใฏๅŒใ˜ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅคšใใฎไบบ
02:28
lose points because they don't realize that these are two different things. The "topic"
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ใŒใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๅคฑใ†ใฎ ใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒ 2 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€
02:33
is the general idea of what the question is about. The "question" is, specifically, what
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ใจใฏใ€่ณชๅ•ใฎๅ†…ๅฎนใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่€ƒใˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ่ณชๅ•ใ€ใจใฏใ€ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใฏใ€ไฝ•
02:39
are you asked to do. Now, the most common type of question you will see on both the
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ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€IELTS ใจ TOEFL ใฎไธกๆ–น ใง่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎๅ•้กŒใฏใ€
02:45
IELTS and the TOEFL is a question that asks you to choose between two things. They want
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2 ใค ใ“ใจใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ•้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
02:51
you to choose one and argue why that one is better than the other one, or why that one
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚’้ธใ‚“ใงใ€ใชใœใใฎ ๆ–นใŒไป–ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ„ชใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใชใœใใฎๆ–น
02:57
is so good. Now, what I'm going to show you today will mostly apply to these types of
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ใŒๅ„ชใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’่ญฐ่ซ–ใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™. ใ•ใฆใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ ใฏใ€ไธปใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎ
03:02
questions. But if you have a question that asks you to compare and contrast two things,
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่ณชๅ•ใซๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ 2 ใคใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒๅฏพ็…งใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€2 ใคใฎ
03:09
keep in mind even if they ask you to compare two things, they're still going to ask you
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ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฑ‚ใ‚
03:13
to lean towards one of them, to choose one as better than the other, in which case you're
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ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ไธ€ๆ–นใซๅ‚พใ„ใฆใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฏใ€ใใฎๅ ดๅˆ
03:18
still going to need to give your opinion, okay?
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ใงใ‚‚ ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่ฟฐในใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใญใ€‚
03:21
"What is the topic?" You're going to keep this very, very general. All you're doing
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ใ€Œใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใ—ใฆใŠใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ
03:26
is giving the idea of what the essay is about. So I know all of you have probably practiced
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ใฏใ€ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ ใ‘ใงใ™. ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใใ“ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ๅฎŸ่ทตใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
03:31
this question: "Is it better to live in the countryside or in the city? Explain your reasons,
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:ใ€Œ็”ฐ่ˆŽใซไฝใ‚€ใฎใจ้ƒฝไผšใซไฝใ‚€ใฎใจใงใฏใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒ่‰ฏใ„ ใงใ™ใ‹?็†็”ฑใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใ€
03:37
giving examples, etc." Your first sentence, very, very general: What is the topic of this
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ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใฏ ใ€้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™: ใ“ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฎใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏไฝ•
03:44
question? City life? Country life? No. The topic is "where to live". So your first sentence
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ใงใ™ใ‹? ้ƒฝๅธ‚็”Ÿๆดป๏ผŸ ็”ฐ่ˆŽๆšฎใ‚‰ใ—๏ผŸ ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏ ใฏใ€Œใฉใ“ใซไฝใ‚€ใ‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡
03:51
introduces the idea of living -- choosing a place to live. The question is then more
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ใฏใ€ไฝใ‚€ใจใ„ใ†่€ƒใˆใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ— ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ไฝใ‚€ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚’้ธใถใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ณชๅ•ใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Š
04:00
specific, so your sentence narrows a little bit, becomes a little bit more focused. The
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ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆ–‡ใŒๅฐ‘ใ—็‹ญใ ใชใ‚Šใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—็„ฆ็‚นใŒ็ตžใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™.
04:05
question is: "Is it better in the country or the city?" Okay?
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ๅ•้กŒใฏใ€ใ€Œ ็”ฐ่ˆŽใจ้ƒฝไผšใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใ‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:08
Then, you have to give your opinion. You must say, "I believe", "I think", "in my opinion".
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่ฟฐในใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏไฟกใ˜ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏๆ€ใ†ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใงใฏใ€ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:14
You don't have to use these words. There're other ways to say your opinion, but if you're
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ๆ–นๆณ•ใฏไป–ใซใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
04:18
not sure of those, put one of those; make it very, very clear what you're saying. This
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ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใใฎใ†ใกใฎ 1 ใคใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้žๅธธใซๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ
04:22
is your thesis. This is a very specific sentence. After reading this sentence, I, the grader,
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ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ซ–ๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใชๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใ ๅพŒใ€ๆŽก็‚น่€…ใงใ‚ใ‚‹็งใฏใ€
04:28
must understand which side you've chosen and what you're going to argue. And then you see
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎๅดใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ—ใ€ ไฝ•ใ‚’ไธปๅผตใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™. ใใ—ใฆ
04:34
the last sentence gets a little bit more general. Why? Because you're giving your reasons. You're
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ใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๆ–‡ใŒใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใชใ‚“ใง๏ผŸ ็†็”ฑใ‚’่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
04:39
not giving me details. You're giving me general reasons of why you have this opinion, okay?
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็งใซ่ฉณ็ดฐใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใชใœใ“ใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช็†็”ฑใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:47
So four sentences, or you can squeeze them -- you can squeeze, for example, this one
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€4ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ€ใพใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็ตžใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ -ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใจใ“ใ‚Œใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็ตžใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
04:52
and this one. You can squeeze this one and this one and make three sentences. Or you
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใจใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็ตžใฃใฆ ใ€3ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏ
04:56
can add extra information. You want to make this one two sentences? Go for it. Make it
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ใ€่ฟฝๅŠ ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’2ใคใฎๆ–‡ใซใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ้ ‘ๅผตใ‚Œใ€‚
05:01
five. Don't go more than five. More than five means you've lost focus, okay? Three means
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5ใคใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ 5ใคไปฅไธŠ่กŒใ‹ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ 5 ใ‚’่ถ…ใˆใ‚‹ใจ ใ€้›†ไธญๅŠ›ใŒๅคฑใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚ 3 ใฏใ€
05:08
you have very good command of the language. Personally, if you can do a very strong introduction
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้žๅธธใซๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸ่จ€่ชž่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใซใฏใ€5
05:13
paragraph in three sentences, it could actually be better for you than five. But three to
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ๆ–‡ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ 3 ๆ–‡ใง้žๅธธใซๅผทๅŠ›ใชๅฐŽๅ…ฅๆฎต่ฝใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใงใใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅฎŸ้š› ใซใฏใใฎใปใ†ใŒๅŠนๆžœ็š„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€3 ใ‹ใ‚‰
05:20
four -- three to five, four is the average; go for that. We're going to look at an example,
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4ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š 3 ใ‹ใ‚‰ 5ใ€4 ใŒๅนณๅ‡ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ ไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟ
05:25
and you'll understand better what I'm talking about here.
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ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใง็งใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚ˆใ็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:31
Okay, so here's our first example. The first example... I made it a little bit more basic.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ๅˆใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎไพ‹... ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:37
I've got four different sentences answering each question individually, okay? Just to
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ๅ„่ณชๅ•ใซๅ€‹ๅˆฅใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ 4 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใญใ€‚
05:41
refresh our memories, what is the question? "Is it better to live in the city or the country?"
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็งใŸใกใฎๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ‚’ใƒชใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€่ณชๅ•ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹? ใ€Œ ้ƒฝไผšใซไฝใ‚€ใฎใจ็”ฐ่ˆŽใซไฝใ‚€ใฎใจใฉใฃใกใŒใ„ใ„๏ผŸใ€
05:47
Or "Is it better to live in the country or the city?" Doesn't matter. So remember: I'm
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ็”ฐ่ˆŽใซไฝใ‚€ใฎใจ้ƒฝไผšใซไฝใ‚€ใฎใจใงใฏ ใฉใฃใกใŒใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ้–ขไฟ‚ใชใ„ใ€‚ ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผš็งใฏ
05:50
starting with a very general idea of the topic. "Deciding where to live is one of life's more
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ใ“ใฎใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่€ƒใˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™. ใ€Œไฝใ‚€ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚’ๆฑบใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ไบบ็”Ÿใงๆœ€ใ‚‚้›ฃใ—ใ„้ธๆŠžใฎ 1 ใคใงใ™
05:57
difficult choices." "Where to live" -- here is your topic. Very general. Have I given
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ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œไฝใ‚€ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ€ -- ใ“ใ‚Œ ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ฉฑ้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚ ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏไฝ•ใ‹ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ—ใŸ
06:04
any information? No. Have I expressed an opinion? No. All I'm doing is introducing the topic.
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ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€็งใฏๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่ฟฐในใพใ—ใŸใ‹? ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€็งใŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:11
That's all I want the reader to know: We're talking about where to live.
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่ชญ่€…ใซ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใฏ ใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚็งใŸใกใฏใฉใ“ใซไฝใ‚€ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
06:14
Next sentence. "One may opt for life in the country or the city." Now, just in case you're
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใ€‚ ใ€Œไบบใฏ็”ฐ่ˆŽใงใฎ็”Ÿๆดปใ‚’้ธใถใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ—ใ€้ƒฝๅธ‚ใงใฎ็”Ÿๆดปใ‚’้ธใถใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ ใ€‚ใ€
06:20
not sure, "opt for" means "choose". I used "choice" here; I used "deciding" here; I want
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ๅฟตใฎใŸใ‚ใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใŠใใจใ€ใ€Œopt forใ€ใฏใ€Œ้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€Œ้ธๆŠžใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€Œๆฑบๅฎšใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:26
to use as much different vocabulary as I can. "Opt for", if you know it, use it. A little
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ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๅคšใใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œ้ธใถใ€ใ€็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ไฝฟใ†ใ€‚
06:31
bit extra points for nice language. Okay. "One may opt for life in the country or the
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็ด ๆ•ตใช่จ€่‘‰ใซใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ไฝ™ๅˆ†ใชใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œไบบใฏ็”ฐ่ˆŽใงใฎ็”Ÿๆดปใ‚’้ธใถใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ—ใ€้ƒฝๅธ‚ใงใฎ็”Ÿๆดปใ‚’้ธใถใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„
06:37
city." This is your question. Country? City? Very clear. "In my opinion" -- very, very
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ใ€‚ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ›ฝ๏ผŸ ่ก—๏ผŸ ้žๅธธใซๆ˜Ž็ขบใชใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใงใฏใ€ -- ้žๅธธใซใ€้žๅธธใซ
06:44
direct and to the point. State your thesis. State what you believe. "In my opinion, life
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็›ดๆŽฅ็š„ใงใ€่ฆ็‚นใŒใฏใฃใใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ซ–ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฟฐในใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฟฐในใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใง
06:49
in the city is more advantageous." -- "I choose city; it's better." That's all I want to say.
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ใฏใ€้ƒฝๅธ‚ใงใฎ็”Ÿๆดปใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆœ‰ๅˆฉใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ -- ใ€Œ็งใฏๅธ‚ใ‚’้ธใณใพใ™ ใ€‚ใใฎใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใฏใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:55
I'm answering the question. This is my stance. This is my opinion. "This is due to the fact
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่ณชๅ•ใซ็ญ”ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใฎใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œ
07:02
that the city offers better economic and social opportunities." So I'm going to present the
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ใฏใ€้ƒฝๅธ‚ใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„็ตŒๆธˆ็š„ใŠใ‚ˆใณ็คพไผš็š„ ๆฉŸไผšใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใใ“ใงใ€
07:08
reader with two reasons: economic and social. Am I giving any idea what the economic reasons
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่ชญ่€…ใซ็ตŒๆธˆ็š„็†็”ฑใจ็คพไผš็š„็†็”ฑใฎ 2 ใคใ‚’ๆ็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ็ตŒๆธˆ็š„ใช็†็”ฑใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใ‹่€ƒใˆใ‚’ไธŽใˆ
07:15
are? No. Am I giving you any ideas what the social reasons are? No. They're very, very
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ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ็คพไผš็š„็†็”ฑใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใ‹่€ƒใˆใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ ? ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€้žๅธธใซ
07:20
general. I've made it a bit more general, okay? So I've answered all four questions.
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ไธ€่ˆฌๅŒ–ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใญใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€4 ใคใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ™ในใฆใซๅ›ž็ญ”ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:25
I'm doing exactly what the essay's supposed to do, what the essay's asking me to do.
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็งใฏใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚ค ใŒใ‚„ใ‚‹ในใใ“ใจใ€ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใŒ็งใซๆฑ‚ใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
07:30
Now, the only thing I would suggest about this one -- again, very basic. The only thing
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ็งใŒๆๆกˆใ™ใ‚‹ๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎใ“ใจใฏ ใ€้žๅธธใซๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
07:34
I would recommend you could do: Make this -- take out the period. Take out this. "In
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็งใŒใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎใ“ใจใฏ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใฆใ€ใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅ‰Š้™คใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ‡บใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
07:43
my opinion, life in the city is more advantageous due to the fact that the city offers better
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็งใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใงใฏใ€้ƒฝๅธ‚ใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Š ่‰ฏใ„
07:49
economic and social opportunities." All I did was join the last two sentences. So now,
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็ตŒๆธˆ็š„ใŠใ‚ˆใณ็คพไผš็š„ๆฉŸไผšใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€้ƒฝๅธ‚ใงใฎ็”Ÿๆดปใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆœ‰ๅˆฉใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ็งใŒใ— ใŸใ“ใจใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’็ตๅˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ ใ‘ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ
07:55
I have a three-sentence paragraph and a little bit more complex sentence because I have more
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ใงใ€3 ๆ–‡ใฎใƒ‘ใƒฉใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ•ใจ ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—่ค‡้›‘ใชๆ–‡ใŒใงใ
08:01
clauses and more phrases in it. So it shows a little bit of sentence variety. And it's
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ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎๅฅใจใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ ใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๅคšๆง˜ๆ€งใŒๅฐ‘ใ—็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
08:06
very simple. All you have to do is just take out the beginning. If I want, I can just take
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้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใฏ ใ€ๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ‡บใ™ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€ใ™ในใฆใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ‡บใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
08:10
out the whole thing -- "due to the fact" is a good expression. Use it; remember it -- and
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-ใ€Œไบ‹ๅฎŸใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ใฏ ่‰ฏใ„่กจ็พใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ; ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ - ใใ—ใฆ
08:18
just put "because". If you're stuck, if you don't know another expression to show reason,
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ใŸใ ใ€Œใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใจๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ่กŒใ่ฉฐใพใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆ ใ‚„ใ€็†็”ฑใ‚’่กจใ™ๅˆฅใฎ่กจ็พใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
08:24
just use "because". Preferably, you don't use "because" because a thousand other people
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ใ€Œbecauseใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใงใใ‚Œใฐใ€ ใ€Œbecauseใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„
08:29
taking the test with you are also using "because". You want to be a little bit different. You
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ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใจไธ€็ท’ใซใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ไฝ•ๅƒไบบใ‚‚ใฎไบบใ€…ใŒใ€Œbecauseใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฐ‘ใ—้•ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:33
want to stand out a little bit. But if you're panicking, if you're stuck, use "because".
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ๅฐ‘ใ—็›ฎ็ซ‹ใกใŸใ„ใ‚ใชใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ใƒ‘ใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซ้™ฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚„่กŒใ่ฉฐใพใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œbecauseใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:38
Now, again, I mentioned there's a -- slight differences between TOEFL and IELTS. The only
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ TOEFL ใจ IELTS ใซใฏใ‚ใšใ‹ใช้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠไผใˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎ
08:43
difference is time and number of words. For IELTS, you have 40 minutes to write your essay.
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้•ใ„ใฏใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใจๅ˜่ชžๆ•ฐใงใ™ใ€‚ IELTSใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใ‚’ๆ›ธใใฎใซ40ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:50
TOEFL you have 30 minutes. That's -- ten minutes is a huge difference, right? You have to write
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TOEFL ใฏ 30 ๅˆ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ -- 10 ๅˆ† ใฏๅคงใใช้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ? ๆ›ธใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
08:56
-- for IELTS, you have to write your paragraph up to -- your first paragraph, sorry -- up
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ใพใ™ -- IELTS ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ๆฎต่ฝใ‚’ -- ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆฎต่ฝใ€็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ -- ๆœ€้•ท
09:01
to eight minutes. More than eight minutes, maybe ten with the planning, you're getting
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8 ๅˆ†ใพใงๆ›ธใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ 8 ๅˆ†ไปฅไธŠ ใ€ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏ 10 ๅˆ†ไปฅไธŠ่จˆ็”ปใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใ‚‹ใจ
09:06
into a bit of trouble. TOEFL, you have maybe five, six minutes to do this, right? So you
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ใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸใƒˆใƒฉใƒ–ใƒซใซๅทปใ่พผใพใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ TOEFLใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใฎใซ 5ใ€6 ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใใฎ
09:10
have to be a little bit quicker. You have to be better prepared. All that means is just
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ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—้€Ÿใใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ
09:14
practice, practice, practice. Write lots of essays.
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ใ€็ทด็ฟ’ใ€็ทด็ฟ’ใ€็ทด็ฟ’ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใ‚’ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ๆ›ธใใ€‚
09:18
Another difference is the IELTS, you need a minimum 250 words, whereas TOEFL you need
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ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎ้•ใ„ใฏ IELTS ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ไฝŽ 250 ่ชžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใŒใ€TOEFL ใฏ
09:23
more words, okay? So write more. If you can add another sentence but not get off topic,
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎ่ชžๆ•ฐใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ€‚ ๅˆฅใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใงใใ‚‹ใŒใ€ใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‹ใ‚‰ๅค–ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„
09:28
put it in for the TOEFL. But I'm going to show you another example, a little bit more
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ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€TOEFL ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—
09:32
complex, a little bit fancier if you want to say it, and one that I can use for a "choose
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่ค‡้›‘ใงใ€่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ‰‹ใฎ่พผใ‚“ใ  ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œ
09:39
one", or a "compare and contrast and choose", okay? Let's do that.
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1 ใคใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆๅฏพๆฏ” ใ—ใฆ้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:45
Okay, so let's look at now -- at another example. I made this one a little bit more multipurpose,
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ใงใฏใ€ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:51
depending on what kind of questions you're asked. If you're asked to compare and contrast,
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่ณชๅ•ใฎ็จฎ้กžใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅคš็›ฎ็š„ใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๆฏ”่ผƒๅฏพ็…งใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
09:55
you can use this. If you're just asked to choose between two, you can still use this,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ 2ใคใ‹ใ‚‰้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œ ใŸๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™
10:00
okay? First thing you'll notice after we read it: only three sentences, but it's actually
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ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงๆœ€ๅˆใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใ“ใจใฏ ใ€ใ‚ใšใ‹ 3 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ
10:05
longer than the last example, okay? First sentence: "As a person reaches adulthood,
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ใฏๆœ€ๅพŒใฎไพ‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚้•ทใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ ๆ–‡: ใ€Œๅคงไบบใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ€
10:12
he needs to decide on where he would prefer to live." Again: topic, "where to live". You
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ใฉใ“ใซไฝใฟใŸใ„ใ‹ใ‚’ๆฑบใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ใ€ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏใ€Œใฉใ“ใซไฝใ‚€ใ‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:17
can introduce another topic, adulthood, because you can incorporate that into your reasons,
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ๅˆฅใฎใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ๆˆไบบๆœŸใ‚’็ดนไป‹ ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’็†็”ฑใซ็ต„ใฟ่พผใ‚€ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰
10:22
okay? I'm not saying much. I'm just -- my topic is still "where prefer to live". Okay.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏๅคšใใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฏใŸใ  - ็งใฎ ่ฉฑ้กŒใฏใพใ ใ€ŒไฝใฟใŸใ„ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
10:31
Next: "While there are advantages to both living in the country and the city" -- so
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ๆฌกใธ๏ผšใ€Œ ็”ฐ่ˆŽใซไฝใ‚€ใฎใ‚‚้ƒฝไผšใซไฝใ‚€ใฎใซใ‚‚ใƒกใƒชใƒƒใƒˆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
10:38
here, I'm introducing the fact that I might be comparing. "Both have advantages" -- so
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚’ใ“ใ“ใง็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใฉใกใ‚‰ใซใ‚‚ๅˆฉ็‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
10:43
I'm going to compare these." "I believe that for economic reasons -- I have your thesis
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใ€Œ ็ตŒๆธˆ็š„ใช็†็”ฑใ‹ใ‚‰ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ซ–ๆ–‡
10:49
and your main reason -- life in the city is more beneficial" -- I've chosen one. Here's
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ใจไธปใช็†็”ฑใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚้ƒฝๅธ‚ใงใฎ็”Ÿๆดปใฎ ๆ–นใŒๆœ‰็›Šใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ 1. ใ“ใ‚Œ
10:55
my general reason. Now, you're thinking, "Okay. Done, right?" No, because here's an example
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ใŒ็งใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช็†็”ฑใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
11:02
of where you can use one reason for your whole essay. You don't have to have two reasons
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ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คๅ…จไฝ“ใง 1 ใคใฎ็†็”ฑใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็†็”ฑใ‚’ 2 ใคๆŒใคๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›
11:08
-- we think. "This is because the city offers more employment opportunities, as well as
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ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ“ใฎ้ƒฝๅธ‚ใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎ้›‡็”จๆฉŸไผšใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:14
a more affordable cost of living." So now, you realize, I actually do have two reasons
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘
11:19
under the umbrella of the one reason. Okay? So many people think, "Oh, I can't think of
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ใงใ€ใŠๆฐ—ใฅใใ‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใซใฏ 1 ใคใฎ็†็”ฑใฎๅ‚˜ไธ‹ใซใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ 2 ใคใฎ็†็”ฑ ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
11:25
ideas. I don't know what to say about this." If you can have one idea, that's fine. Split
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใจ่จ€ใˆใฐใ„ใ„ใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒ 1 ใคใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใใ‚Œใง็ตๆง‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:29
it into two categories, right? "Economic reasons": jobs and cost of living. It's cheaper to live
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ 2 ใคใฎใ‚ซใƒ†ใ‚ดใƒชใซๅˆ†ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ? ใ€Œ็ตŒๆธˆ็š„็†็”ฑใ€: ไป•ไบ‹ใจ็”Ÿๆดป่ฒปใ€‚
11:37
in the city because more people, more things come in, etc.
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11:40
Now, a couple of things to keep in mind. One, I only have three sentences. This is a very
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ๅฟƒใซ็•™ใ‚ใฆใŠใในใใ“ใจใŒ 2 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ 1 ใค็›ฎ ใฏ 3 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ—ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ
11:46
-- this sentence, this second one is a very long, complex sentence. If you can write a
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-- ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใงใ™ 2 ใค็›ฎใฎๆ–‡ใฏ้žๅธธใซ ้•ทใ่ค‡้›‘ใชๆ–‡ใงใ™ ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
11:54
sentence that has more than one clause, more than one phrase, you're going to get bonus
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่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎๅฅใ€่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎๅฅใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚Œ ใฐใ€ใƒœใƒผใƒŠใ‚น ใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ‚’็ฒๅพ—ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
11:58
points because it show a very strong command of the language, okay? I'm doing three things
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใใฎ่จ€่ชžใฎ้žๅธธใซๅผทๅŠ›ใชใ‚ณใƒžใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹? ็งใฏใ“ใ“ใงใปใจใ‚“ใฉ 3 ใคใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—
12:03
here almost. I'm showing that I'm going to talk about the advantages; I'm giving you
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ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅˆฉ็‚นใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ—
12:08
my opinion; and I'm giving you my major reason all in one sentence. And then, I'm getting
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ใพใ™ ็งใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่ฟฐในใพใ™ ็งใฎไธปใช็†็”ฑใ‚’ ใ™ในใฆ 1 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใง่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ ใใ—ใฆๆฌกใซใ€็ง
12:13
a little bit more specific how I'm going to split this up.
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ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้€ฒใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™
12:16
Now, another thing to keep in mind -- two things to keep in mind: One, whatever -- however
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ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใค่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใในใใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ - ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใในใ 2 ใคใฎใ“ใจ : 1 ใคใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€
12:21
way or whatever order you list your reasons, make sure that the body paragraph follows
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ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช้ †ๅบใง็†็”ฑใ‚’ ๆŒ™ใ’ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๆœฌๆ–‡ใฎๆฎต่ฝใŒๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:27
suit. So I talked about employment opportunities first, my next paragraph -- if I'm comparing,
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ใ‚ชใƒญใ‚ฆใ‚บใ‚นใƒผใƒ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซ้›‡็”จๆฉŸไผšใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๆฌกใฎใƒ‘ใƒฉใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ•ใงใ™ใ€‚็งใŒๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
12:34
then the paragraphs are by comparing. Then the next one is employment opportunities and
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ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใƒ‘ใƒฉใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ•ใฏๆฏ”่ผƒใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆฌกใซใ€้›‡็”จๆฉŸไผšใจ
12:38
cost of living. If I'm only making a choice, then my first body paragraph is about employment;
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็”Ÿๆดป่ฒปใงใ™ใ€‚ ้ธๆŠžใฎใฟใ‚’่กŒใ†ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ๆœฌๆ–‡ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆฎต่ฝใฏ้›‡็”จใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
12:44
my second body paragraph is about cost of living, okay? But keep that in mind. If you're
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ๆœฌๆ–‡ใฎ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใƒ‘ใƒฉใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ•ใฏ็”Ÿๆดป่ฒปใซใคใ„ใฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:50
comparing and then choosing: first paragraph, make the comparisons; second paragraph, first
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ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ: ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆฎต่ฝใง ใฏใ€ๆฏ”่ผƒใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฌฌ 2 ๆฎต่ฝ
12:55
reason for your choice; third paragraph, second reason for your choice. Or if you want, if
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ใ€้ธๆŠžใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎ็†็”ฑใ€‚ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆฎต่ฝใ€้ธๆŠžใฎ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ ็†็”ฑใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€
13:01
you have enough reasons -- you're going to need more than one -- you can compare throughout
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ๅๅˆ†ใช็†็”ฑใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ (่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎ็†็”ฑใŒๅฟ…่ฆใซ ใชใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ) ใฏใ€ๆœฌๆ–‡ๅ…จไฝ“ใงๆฏ”่ผƒใงใ
13:05
the body: Each paragraph compares one point. "The city offers more employment opportunities.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ๆฎต่ฝใง 1 ใคใฎใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ้ƒฝๅธ‚ใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎ้›‡็”จๆฉŸไผšใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใพใ™
13:11
In the countryside, there's a limited number of jobs because there're not that many people
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ใ€‚็”ฐ่ˆŽใงใฏใ€ ใใ‚ŒใปใฉๅคšใใฎไบบใŒใ„ใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใฎๆ•ฐใฏ้™ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใปใฉๅคšใใฎ
13:15
-- there aren't that many people.", etc. in the next one.
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ไบบใŒใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ใชใฉ.
13:18
Another thing I want to mention: Some of you may be angry with me right now because I said
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็งใŒ่จ€ๅŠใ—ใŸใ„ใ‚‚ใ†1ใคใฎใ“ใจ๏ผš็งใŒใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใฏ ไปŠ็งใซ่…นใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
13:23
"he", okay? "He" is okay. "She" is okay. Please do not do this. Do not do: "he/she", he/she,
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใฏๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใฏๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ—ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ“ใจ: ใ€Œๅฝผ/ๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใ€ๅฝผ/ๅฝผๅฅณใ€
13:36
him/her, him/her, himself/herself". It -- (A) it doesn't count as extra words, and (B) this
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ๅฝผ/ๅฝผๅฅณใ€ๅฝผ/ๅฝผๅฅณใ€ๅฝผ่‡ช่บซ/ๅฝผๅฅณ่‡ช่บซ". ใใ‚Œใฏ -- (A) ไฝ™ๅˆ†ใช่จ€่‘‰ใจใฏใฟใชใ•ใ‚Œใšใ€(B) ใ“ใ‚Œ
13:42
gets it really, really annoying for the reader. If you're a girl, say "she". If you're a guy,
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ใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ , ่ชญ่€…ใซใจใฃใฆๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่ฟทๆƒ‘ใงใ™ . ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฅณใฎๅญใชใ‚‰, ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„. ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็”ทๆ€งใชใ‚‰,
13:46
say "he". If you're a guy and you want to say "she", say "she". If you're a girl and
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„. ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็”ทๆ€งใง ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใชใ‚‰, ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„. ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฅณใฎๅญใง
13:49
you want to say "he", say "he". But only choose one. Don't worry about it. You're not going
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใงใ‚‚ใ€1ใคใ ใ‘้ธใ‚“ใง ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:53
to lose points for this, okay? Now, again, I can't stress enough how important
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๅคฑใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€ ๆ›ธใ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎ้‡่ฆๆ€งใฏใ„ใใ‚‰ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ—ใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
13:58
it is to practice writing. And ideally, get someone to check it for you and give you feedback,
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. ใใ—ใฆ็†ๆƒณ็š„ใซใฏ, ่ชฐใ‹ ใซใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„, ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ‰ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏ
14:04
okay? But write your essays, and go over them. Make sure all your pronouns are okay, all
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ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„.
14:09
your prepositions are okay, your subjects and your verbs agree. Try to have different
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฏๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ไธป่ชž ใจๅ‹•่ฉžใฏไธ€่‡ดใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ๅˆฅใฎ
14:14
vocabulary, different sentence structures, okay? And practice, practice, practice. When
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่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚„ๅˆฅใฎๆ–‡ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹? ใใ—ใฆ็ทด็ฟ’ใ€็ทด็ฟ’ใ€็ทด็ฟ’
14:19
you start preparing for the IELTS and the TOEFL, start with the essay. Learn to write
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IELTS ใจ TOEFL ใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ๆ›ธใใ“ใจใ‚’ๅญฆใถ
14:25
first. Because that takes the longest time to improve, and it's usually where people
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ๆ”นๅ–„ใซๆœ€ใ‚‚ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:29
get their lowest score on the test, okay? Anyway, go to www.engvid.com. There will be
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ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใงๆœ€ไฝŽ็‚นใ‚’ๅ–ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใจใซใ‹ใใ€www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ
14:34
a quiz there to give you a little bit more practice with this. And of course, go to my
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ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€็งใฎ
14:39
YouTube channel and subscribe there if you like. And come back again real soon. Bye.
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YouTube ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ™ใใซใพใŸๆˆปใฃใฆใใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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