Present Perfect Tense | Simple or Continuous? | FOR & SINCE πŸ€”

1,436,939 views ・ 2017-09-26

mmmEnglish


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:07
Hello I'm Emma from mmmEnglish!
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš” mmmEnglish의 μ— λ§ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€!
00:11
A couple of weeks ago, I created a lesson about the
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λͺ‡ μ£Ό 전에 μ €λŠ” ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ— λŒ€ν•œ κ°•μ˜λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:15
present perfect tense.
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.
00:17
What it looks like, how to use it
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μƒκ²ΌλŠ”μ§€, μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ”μ§€,
00:19
and all of that good stuff!
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κ·Έ λͺ¨λ“  쒋은 것듀!
00:21
I talked about when to use the present perfect
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ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œ
00:25
simple tense and when to use the past simple tense.
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λ‹¨μˆœμ‹œμ œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” κ²½μš°μ™€ κ³Όκ±° λ‹¨μˆœμ‹œμ œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” κ²½μš°μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:29
Now if you missed it, you can check it out right here.
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이제 λ†“μΉ˜μ…¨λ‹€λ©΄ μ§€κΈˆ λ°”λ‘œ ν™•μΈν•˜μ‹€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:33
But after watching that lesson, many of you asked me
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그런데 κ·Έ κ°•μ˜λ₯Ό 보고 λ§Žμ€ 뢄듀이 μ €μ—κ²Œ
00:38
"So when do we use the present perfect simple tense
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"κ·Έλž˜μ„œ ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œ λ‹¨μˆœμ‹œμ œλŠ” μ–Έμ œ μ“°κ³ 
00:42
and when do we use
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00:43
the present perfect continuous tense?"
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ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œ μ§„ν–‰μ‹œμ œλŠ” μ–Έμ œ μ“°λ‚˜μš”?"라고 λ¬ΌμœΌμ‹œλ”κ΅°μš”.
00:47
A lot of you also asked,
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λ§Žμ€ 뢄듀이
00:49
"So when do you use these words 'since' and 'for'?"
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"κ·Έλž˜μ„œ '이후'와 'μœ„ν•΄'λΌλŠ” 단어λ₯Ό μ–Έμ œ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ?"라고 λ¬ΌμœΌμ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
Now, both of these questions are really important
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자, 이 두 질문 λͺ¨λ‘
00:57
questions when you're using
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00:59
the present perfect tense in English.
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μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  λ•Œ 정말 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
So, in this video I'm going to answer
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이번 μ˜μƒμ—μ„œλŠ”
01:04
both of those questions.
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이 두 가지 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— 닡을 ν•΄λ“œλ¦¬λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:06
This channel is all about speaking and communicating
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이 채널은 μ˜μ–΄λ‘œ μžμ‹ μžˆκ²Œ λ§ν•˜κ³  μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅ν•˜λŠ” 것에 κ΄€ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
confidently in English
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01:12
and I know that fixing some
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μ €λŠ”
01:14
of these common grammar errors
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 일반적인 문법 였λ₯˜ 쀑 일뢀λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ •ν•˜λŠ” 것이
01:16
is an important part of helping you to feel
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄
01:19
confident when you're using English so that when you
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μ˜μ–΄λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  λ•Œ μžμ‹ κ°μ„ κ°–κ³ 
01:22
do speak, you can express yourself clearly
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말할 λ•Œ μžμ‹ μ„ λͺ…ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ ν‘œν˜„ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ λ„μ™€μ£ΌλŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•œ λΆ€λΆ„μ΄λΌλŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:25
and automatically.
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그리고 μžλ™μœΌλ‘œ.
01:27
So let's start by talking about the
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λ”°λΌμ„œ
01:29
present perfect simple tense
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ λ‹¨μˆœ μ‹œμ œ
01:31
and the present perfect continuous tense.
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와 ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ 진행 μ‹œμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:35
They have eaten the pizza.
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그듀은 ν”Όμžλ₯Ό λ¨Ήμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
So this is the present perfect simple tense.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이것은 ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ λ‹¨μˆœ μ‹œμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 과거뢄사 ν˜•νƒœμ˜
01:43
We have the auxiliary verb, have, with our main verb
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본동사와 ν•¨κ»˜ 쑰동사 haveκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:47
in past participle form.
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.
01:50
They have been eating the pizza.
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그듀은 ν”Όμžλ₯Ό λ¨Ήκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:54
Now this is the present perfect continuous tense.
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이제 이것은 ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ 진행 μ‹œμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:59
We still have the auxiliary verb, have,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ—¬μ „νžˆ 쑰동사인 haveλ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ,
02:02
but now we have the word, been,
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이제 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” beλΌλŠ” 단어
02:05
and our main verb in a continuous or progressive form.
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와 μ§„ν–‰ν˜• λ˜λŠ” μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ˜ 주동사λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
So when you compare these two sentences,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 이 두 λ¬Έμž₯을 비ꡐ할 λ•Œ
02:13
the main difference is that the first one
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κ°€μž₯ 큰 차이점은 첫 번째 λ¬Έμž₯은
02:16
tells us that the action finished in the past,
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과거에 μ™„λ£Œν•œ μž‘μ—…,
02:20
there is no more pizza, now in the present.
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더 이상 ν”Όμžκ°€ μ—†μœΌλ©° ν˜„μž¬ ν˜„μž¬μž„μ„ μ•Œλ €μ€€λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
The second sentence
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두 번째 λ¬Έμž₯
02:26
- the present perfect continuous tense -
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(ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ 진행 μ‹œμ œ)은
02:29
suggests that there is still pizza left now.
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아직 ν”Όμžκ°€ 남아 μžˆμŒμ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:33
They haven't eaten all of the pizza
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그듀은 아직 ν”Όμžλ₯Ό λͺ¨λ‘ 먹지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:36
yet.
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.
02:38
We can use either of these tenses to talk about events
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 과거에 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 사건에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 이 μ‹œμ œ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  수
02:41
that happened in the past
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02:43
but they're somehow connected to the present.
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μžˆμ§€λ§Œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œλ“  ν˜„μž¬μ™€ μ—°κ²°λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
She has borrowed our car.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 우리 μ°¨λ₯Ό λΉŒλ Έλ‹€.
02:51
So this is an action that happened in the past but
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이것은 과거에 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λ˜ ν–‰λ™μ΄μ§€λ§Œ μ§€κΈˆμ€ μ°¨κ°€ μ—†κΈ°
02:55
it's important to the present because
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λ•Œλ¬Έμ— ν˜„μž¬μ— μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:57
we don't have a car right now.
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. λ‹¨μˆœ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό
03:00
We're focused on the result when we're using
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μ‚¬μš©ν•  λ•Œ 결과에 β€‹β€‹μ΄ˆμ μ„ 맞μΆ₯λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:04
the present perfect simple.
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.
03:07
She's been borrowing our car every Thursday.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 맀주 λͺ©μš”일 우리 μ°¨λ₯Ό λΉŒλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
Now, this sentence suggests that the action
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자, 이 λ¬Έμž₯은 κ·Έ 행동이
03:14
is still happening.
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μ—¬μ „νžˆ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆμŒμ„ μ•”μ‹œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:16
So next Thursday,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ‹€μŒ μ£Ό λͺ©μš”일에
03:17
she'll probably borrow the car again.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ•„λ§ˆλ„ λ‹€μ‹œ μ°¨λ₯Ό 빌릴 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
So here, our focus is on the action.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 우리의 μ΄ˆμ μ€ 행동에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:25
The action is unfinished.
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μž‘μ—…μ΄ μ™„λ£Œλ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:29
Now the present perfect continuous is your best choice
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이제 ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ€
03:33
when the focus is on an activity that is unfinished.
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μ™„λ£Œλ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ ν™œλ™μ— 초점이 맞좰져 μžˆμ„ λ•Œ μ΅œμ„ μ˜ μ„ νƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
So let's compare another example.
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그럼 λ‹€λ₯Έ 예λ₯Ό 비ꡐ해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
03:40
I've searched the internet for more information .
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더 λ§Žμ€ 정보λ₯Ό μ–»κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 인터넷을 κ²€μƒ‰ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:44
Now this sentence suggests
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이제 이 λ¬Έμž₯은
03:46
that you're not searching anymore.
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더 이상 κ²€μƒ‰ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•”μ‹œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:49
The action finished in the past
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μž‘μ—…μ€ 과거에 끝났지
03:51
but it's important to the present
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만 ν˜„μž¬λ‘œμ„œλŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:54
because right now, in this moment,
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μ§€κΈˆ 이 μˆœκ°„μ—λŠ”
03:57
we don't have the information.
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정보가 μ—†κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
I've been searching the internet for more information.
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λ‚˜λŠ” 더 λ§Žμ€ 정보λ₯Ό μ–»κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 인터넷을 κ²€μƒ‰ν–ˆλ‹€.
04:04
This sentence suggests that you're still doing it,
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이 λ¬Έμž₯은 당신이 μ—¬μ „νžˆ 그것을 ν•˜κ³  있고,
04:08
you haven't given up yet and
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아직 ν¬κΈ°ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μœΌλ©°,
04:10
you're still looking for the information now.
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μ§€κΈˆλ„ μ—¬μ „νžˆ 정보λ₯Ό μ°Ύκ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•”μ‹œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:14
Let's try another example.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:17
We've written an essay about climate change.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κΈ°ν›„ 변화에 λŒ€ν•œ 에세이λ₯Ό μΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:21
The action here is finished.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μž‘μ—…μ΄ μ™„λ£Œλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:24
It's in the past, we've already completed it.
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과거에 이미 μ™„λ£Œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:27
So you can also say
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λ”°λΌμ„œ
04:29
we wrote an essay about climate change
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κΈ°ν›„ 변화에 λŒ€ν•œ μ—μ„Έμ΄λŠ”
04:32
using the past simple
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λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μž‘μ„±ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
04:34
but to connect it to the present and make it
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ν˜„μž¬μ™€ μ—°κ²°ν•˜κ³ 
04:37
important to the present
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04:39
you need to use the present perfect tense.
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” ν˜„μž¬μ— μ€‘μš”ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:42
Think about if you were with a group of scientists
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κ³Όν•™μž κ·Έλ£Ήκ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ 있고
04:46
and you wanted to demonstrate to them or
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04:49
show them that you were knowledgeable
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04:52
about the topic of climate change.
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κΈ°ν›„ λ³€ν™” μ£Όμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 잘 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŒμ„ κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ μ‹œμ—°ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ 보여주고 μ‹Άμ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ 생각해 λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
04:55
You can connect your past experience to the present
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04:59
using the present perfect tense.
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ κ³Όκ±° κ²½ν—˜μ„ ν˜„μž¬μ™€ μ—°κ²°ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:02
Writing the essay is part of your life experience now.
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에세이 μ“°κΈ°λŠ” 이제 인생 κ²½ν—˜μ˜ μΌλΆ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
05:07
We've been writing an essay about climate change
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κΈ°ν›„ 변화에 λŒ€ν•œ 에세이λ₯Ό μ“°κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:11
suggests that you're still doing it.
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당신이 μ—¬μ „νžˆ 그것을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•”μ‹œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:13
The essay is not finished yet,
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μ—μ„Έμ΄λŠ” 아직 μ™„μ„±λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:16
you're still working on it at the moment, in the present.
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당신은 μ§€κΈˆ 이 μˆœκ°„, ν˜„μž¬μ—λ„ μ—¬μ „νžˆ μž‘μ—…ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:21
I have been studying Spanish.
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μ €λŠ” μŠ€νŽ˜μΈμ–΄λ₯Ό κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:24
This is an unfinished action - I'm still doing it.
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이것은 λ―Έμ™„μ„± μž‘μ—…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 아직 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:29
The continuous form makes it clear
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κ³„μ†λ˜λŠ” ν˜•μ‹μ€
05:31
that the action is still happening.
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μž‘μ—…μ΄ μ—¬μ „νžˆ 진행 μ€‘μž„μ„ λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ§€κΈˆ
05:34
I'm still studying in this moment.
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이 μˆœκ°„μ—λ„ κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:37
I have studied French.
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λ‚˜λŠ” ν”„λž‘μŠ€μ–΄λ₯Ό κ³΅λΆ€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:40
By using the present perfect tense here,
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μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
05:42
it suggests that the action happened regularly
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κ·Έ 행동이 과거에 κ·œμΉ™μ μœΌλ‘œ μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έ
05:46
in the past, but that it doesn't happen in the moment.
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μˆœκ°„μ—λŠ” μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•”μ‹œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:49
But by using this tense - not the past simple tense -
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 과거의 λ‹¨μˆœ μ‹œμ œκ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ 이 μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
05:54
I'm suggesting that somehow it's meaningful or relevant
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μ €λŠ” 그것이 ν˜„μž¬μ— μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μžˆκ±°λ‚˜ 관련이 μžˆμŒμ„ μ‹œμ‚¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:58
to the present.
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.
06:00
Like, I know a little French.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, λ‚˜λŠ” ν”„λž‘μŠ€μ–΄λ₯Ό 쑰금 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:03
I'm not studying it at the moment
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μ§€κΈˆμ€ κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ§€λ§Œ
06:06
but I know a little.
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μ‘°κΈˆμ€ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:08
Okay this last example is
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이 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ μ˜ˆλŠ”
06:10
a little more difficult to explain and understand.
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μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κ³  μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κΈ°κ°€ 쑰금 더 μ–΄λ ΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:13
There are a few verbs in English
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06:16
like the verb, live and work,
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동사, live 및 work와 같은 μ˜μ–΄μ—λŠ” λͺ‡ 가지 동사가 있으며
06:19
where the difference between the present perfect simple
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ λ‹¨μˆœ
06:24
and the present perfect continuous is less clear.
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κ³Ό ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ§„ν–‰μ˜ 차이가 덜 λͺ…ν™•ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:28
But I'm going to try and explain it for you now.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ§€κΈˆλΆ€ν„° μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:31
I've lived here for five years.
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λ‚˜λŠ” μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ 5λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ‚΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:36
I'm from Melbourne originally,
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μ €λŠ” μ›λž˜ λ©œλ²„λ₯Έ μΆœμ‹ 
06:39
but I've been living here for five years.
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μ΄μ§€λ§Œ μ΄κ³³μ—μ„œ 5λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:42
So both of these sentences use the adverb, for,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 이 두 λ¬Έμž₯ λͺ¨λ‘ 뢀사 forλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬
06:47
to give us more information about
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06:49
how long the action has been happening for,
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μž‘μ—…μ΄ λ°œμƒν•œ κΈ°κ°„,
06:52
the duration of time.
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기간에 λŒ€ν•œ μžμ„Έν•œ 정보λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:54
But to understand the difference, we need to think about
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 차이점을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ €λ©΄
06:57
these examples in slightly different ways.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ˜ˆμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ•½κ°„ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ 생각해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:00
The present perfect simple, I have lived
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λ‹¨μˆœ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ, I have liveλŠ”
07:04
suggests that the action is a permanent thing.
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κ·Έ 행동이 영ꡬ적인 κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ” 것을 μ•”μ‹œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:09
The present perfect continuous
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ€
07:11
often tells us that the action is a more temporary thing.
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μ’…μ’… λ™μž‘μ΄ 더 μΌμ‹œμ μΈ κ²ƒμž„μ„ μ•Œλ €μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:15
It's not as permanent.
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μ˜κ΅¬μ μ΄μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:18
It suggests that I might live
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그것은 λ‚΄κ°€
07:21
somewhere else, in the future.
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λ―Έλž˜μ— λ‹€λ₯Έ κ³³μ—μ„œ μ‚΄ 수 μžˆμŒμ„ μ•”μ‹œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:23
Okay, how do you feel about the present perfect simple
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μ’‹μ•„μš”, μ§€κΈˆ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ λ‹¨μˆœ μ‹œμ œ
07:28
and the present perfect continuous tenses now?
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와 ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ 진행 μ‹œμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•˜μ„Έμš”?
07:32
Hopefully a little clearer!
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쑰금 더 λͺ…확해지길 λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€!
07:35
Now, we're going to focus on those two adverbs
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이제
07:38
that you can use with these tenses.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ‹œμ œμ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 두 뢀사에 μ΄ˆμ μ„ λ§žμΆ”κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:42
Now there's quite a few adverbs that you can use
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이제 이미, 아직, μ „μ—λŠ” μ ˆλŒ€ μ ˆλŒ€μ™€ 같이 ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 뢀사가 κ½€ 많이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:45
with the present perfect tenses
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07:47
like already,
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07:49
yet,
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07:50
before
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07:51
just
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07:52
ever
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07:53
never
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07:54
But in this lesson, we're going to focus on for and since.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이번 κ°•μ˜μ—μ„œλŠ” for와 Since에 μ΄ˆμ μ„ 맞좜 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:00
Both of these words are used with the
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이 두 λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ”
08:02
present perfect tenses and the past perfect tenses.
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œ 및 κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:07
And both of these words explain how long
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그리고 이 두 λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ”
08:11
something has been happening for,
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μ–΄λ–€ 일이 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λŠ”μ§€ μ„€λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:13
it's a duration of time.
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μ‹œκ°„μ˜ μ§€μ†μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:15
So when you're using the present perfect tense
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λ”°λΌμ„œ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©
08:18
and you want to give more information about
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ν•˜κ³  μž‘μ—…μ΄ λ°œμƒν•œ μ‹œκ°„μ— λŒ€ν•œ μžμ„Έν•œ 정보λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜λ €λŠ” 경우
08:21
the amount of time that the action's been happening for,
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08:24
you can use the words "for" and "since".
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"for" 및 "since"λΌλŠ” 단어λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:30
Now it's important to remember that the word "since"
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이제 "since"λΌλŠ” λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ”
08:34
can only be used with the perfect tenses
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μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ—λ§Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수
08:38
but the word "for", can be used in other tenses as well
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μžˆμ§€λ§Œ "for"λΌλŠ” λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ” μ–΄λ–€ μž‘μ—…μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” 데 κ±Έλ¦°
08:42
when you want to give more information about the time
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μ‹œκ°„μ— λŒ€ν•œ μžμ„Έν•œ 정보λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜λ €λŠ” 경우 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‹œμ œμ—μ„œλ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŒμ„ κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:45
it took to do something.
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.
08:47
So these two important words can be easily confused,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 이 두 μ€‘μš”ν•œ λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ” ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œ μ‰½κ²Œ ν˜Όλ™λ  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:51
in the present perfect.
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.
08:53
Using the wrong one
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잘λͺ»λœ 것을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것은
08:55
is a very common mistake for English learners.
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μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ 맀우 ν”ν•œ μ‹€μˆ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:58
We use the word "for" with a period of time,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κΈ°κ°„κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ "for"λΌλŠ” 단어λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:03
Okay so like, three days, this is a period of time.
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μ’‹μ•„μš”, 3일, 이것은 κΈ°κ°„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:07
So I want to show you on a timeline how this works.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이것이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μž‘λ™ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ νƒ€μž„λΌμΈμœΌλ‘œ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:10
This is today. This is Sunday.
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μ˜€λŠ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜€λŠ˜μ€ μΌμš”μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:14
And this point in our timeline is Thursday.
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νƒ€μž„λΌμΈμ˜ 이 μ‹œμ μ€ λͺ©μš”μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:17
This is when the action happened
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이것은 μž‘μ—…μ΄ λ°œμƒν–ˆκ±°λ‚˜
09:20
or it started happening.
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λ°œμƒν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•œ λ•Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:23
So the focus is on this period of time, here.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μ΄ˆμ μ€ μ—¬κΈ° 이 기간에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:28
For periods of time, we need to use "for".
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일정 κΈ°κ°„ λ™μ•ˆ "for"λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:32
For three days.
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삼일 λ™μ•ˆ.
09:34
For three months.
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3κ°œμ›” λ™μ•ˆ.
09:36
For an hour.
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ν•œ μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ.
09:38
For two and a half years.
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2λ…„ 반 λ™μ•ˆ.
09:40
For a long time.
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μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ.
09:42
Even though we're not talking about a specific
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ νŠΉμ • μ‹œκ°„μ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆμ§€λ§Œ
09:46
amount of time,
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09:47
this reference refers to a period of time,
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이 언급은 일정 κΈ°κ°„,
09:52
a long period of time.
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κΈ΄ 기간을 λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:54
So we still need to use "for".
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μ—¬μ „νžˆ "for"λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:57
Now let's add this to some of the examples in the
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이제 이것을 ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ²½ν•œ ꡬ쑰의 λͺ‡ 가지 μ˜ˆμ— μΆ”κ°€ν•΄ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€
10:01
present perfect structure.
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.
10:04
We have lived in London for six years.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λŸ°λ˜μ—μ„œ 6λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ‚΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:09
He has borrowed my car for three days.
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κ·ΈλŠ” 3일 λ™μ•ˆ λ‚΄ μ°¨λ₯Ό λΉŒλ Έλ‹€.
10:14
They've been waiting for an hour.
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그듀은 ν•œ μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ 기닀리고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:19
Now, you need to use "since" with a specific moment
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이제 "since"λŠ”
10:24
in the past - with a specific point in time.
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과거의 νŠΉμ • μˆœκ°„, 즉 νŠΉμ • μ‹œμ μ— μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:29
So let's go back to our timeline to talk about it.
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νƒ€μž„λΌμΈμœΌλ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°€μ„œ 그것에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
10:35
So today's Sunday, here we are on Sunday
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 였늘의 μΌμš”μΌ, μ—¬κΈ° μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μΌμš”μΌ
10:38
and this is the point when the action happened
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이고 이것이 행동이 일어났
10:42
or it started happening.
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κ±°λ‚˜ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•œ μ§€μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:45
This point is Thursday
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이 μ‹œμ μ΄ λͺ©μš”μΌμ΄λ‹ˆ λͺ©μš”일뢀터
10:48
so we can say that we've been doing the action
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μ•‘μ…˜μ„ ν•΄μ™”λ‹€κ³  ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
10:51
since Thursday.
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.
10:54
So the focus is on the point in time
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μ΄ˆμ μ€
10:58
when the action happened or it began.
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μž‘μ—…μ΄ λ°œμƒν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μ‹œμž‘λœ μ‹œμ μ— μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:02
So, since I lived in Brazil.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” λΈŒλΌμ§ˆμ— μ‚΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:05
Or since 3 o'clock.
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 3μ‹œλΆ€ν„°.
11:08
Since 1992.
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1992λ…„λΆ€ν„°.
11:10
Since last week.
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μ§€λ‚œ μ£ΌλΆ€ν„°.
11:12
So let's add "since" to the present perfect structure.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ ꡬ쑰에 "since"λ₯Ό μΆ”κ°€ν•΄ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
11:19
I have lived here since I was a child.
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어렸을 λ•ŒλΆ€ν„° μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ‚΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:23
I've been working here since April.
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μ €λŠ” 4μ›”λΆ€ν„° μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μΌν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:28
They've been waiting since 9:00 a.m.
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그듀은 μ˜€μ „ 9μ‹œλΆ€ν„° 기닀리고 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:33
I've had these pens since I was at school!
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학ꡐ 닀닐 λ•ŒλΆ€ν„° 이 νŽœμ„ 가지고 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€!
11:38
I've been expecting the parcel since last Tuesday!
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μ§€λ‚œ ν™”μš”μΌλΆ€ν„° μ†Œν¬λ₯Ό 기닀리고 μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”!
11:45
These structures with "for" and since are really useful
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"for"와 sinceκ°€ ν¬ν•¨λœ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ΅¬μ‘°λŠ”
11:48
when answering questions that start with "how long"
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"μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 였래"둜 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λŠ” μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λ‹΅ν•  λ•Œ 정말 μœ μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:52
How long have you been travelling?
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μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 였래 μ—¬ν–‰ν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
11:56
I've been travelling since June.
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6μ›”λΆ€ν„° 여행을 λ‹€λ‹ˆκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:00
I've been travelling for 3 months.
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μ €λŠ” 3κ°œμ›” λ™μ•ˆ 여행을 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:04
So make sure that you're always listening for the clues
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λ”°λΌμ„œ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ—μ„œ 항상 λ‹¨μ„œλ₯Ό λ“£κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€ ν™•μΈν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
12:07
in a question, like this,
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12:09
how long,
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12:11
if someone's asking how long,
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λˆ„κ΅°κ°€κ°€ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 였래 λ¬»λŠ”λ‹€λ©΄
12:13
then you can use these words "for" and "since"
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"for"와 "since"λΌλŠ” 단어λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬
12:16
to give your answers in the present perfect.
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œν˜•μœΌλ‘œ λŒ€λ‹΅ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:20
Well that's it for this lesson!
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자, 이번 κ°•μ˜λŠ” μ—¬κΈ°κΉŒμ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€!
12:22
Even though the present perfect tenses
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œκ°€
12:25
can be frustrating at times,
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λ•Œλ•Œλ‘œ λ‹΅λ‹΅ν•  수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ μ™„λ²½
12:27
be patient while you're perfecting it.
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ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” λ™μ•ˆ 인내심을 κ°€μ§€μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€ .
12:30
Don't just use the past simple tense because it's easier.
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더 쉽기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— κ³Όκ±° λ‹¨μˆœ μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ λ§ˆμ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
12:36
I want you to really take the time to practice the present
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ—°μŠ΅ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‹œκ°„μ„ νˆ¬μžν•˜μ‹œκΈ° λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€
12:39
perfect, because it allows you to be so much more
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. ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©΄ μ˜μ–΄λ‘œ 훨씬 더 λ§Žμ€
12:43
expressive with your English.
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ν‘œν˜„μ„ ν•  수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:46
And the more often that you do it,
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그리고 자주 ν• μˆ˜λ‘
12:48
the more naturally it will come to you.
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μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ λ‹€κ°€μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:52
So make sure that you subscribe to this channel
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ λ°”λ‘œ μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ 이 채널을 κ΅¬λ…ν•˜μ„Έμš”
12:55
right here,
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12:55
I make new lessons every week.
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.
μ €λŠ” 맀주 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:59
To keep practising with the present perfect tenses,
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό 계속 μ—°μŠ΅ν•˜λ €λ©΄
13:02
watch this playlist here because I've been making
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μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ 이 μž¬μƒ λͺ©λ‘μ„ λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
13:05
a few lessons about the present perfect recently.
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졜근 ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œμ— λŒ€ν•œ λͺ‡ 가지 κ°•μ˜λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κ³  있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:09
But you can also explore other lessons, right here.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ°”λ‘œ μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ λ‹€λ₯Έ κ΅ν›ˆμ„ 탐색할 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:14
Thanks for watching and I'll see you in the next lesson
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μ‹œμ²­ν•΄ μ£Όμ…”μ„œ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. mmmEnglish YouTube μ±„λ„μ˜ λ‹€μŒ κ°•μ˜μ—μ„œ λ΅™κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
13:18
here on the mmmEnglish YouTube channel.
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.
13:21
Bye for now!
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μ§€κΈˆμ€ μ•ˆλ…•!
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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