How To Use Past Perfect Tenses | SIMPLE or CONTINUOUS

667,803 views ใƒป 2021-01-28

mmmEnglish


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:06
Welcome back to the mmmEnglish Youtube Channel,
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mmmEnglish ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ์ฑ„๋„์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:09
I'mย your coach, Emma and today we're going to focus on the
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ฝ”์น˜ ์— ๋งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ธ
00:13
language that you need to tell stories inย English
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์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถœ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
which is a fundamental communication skill, isn't it?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
00:21
When we tell stories, whether they'reย based on real experiences or
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์‹ค์ œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
00:25
they're made up stories to entertain others,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ฆ๊ฒ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊พธ๋ฉฐ๋‚ธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ
00:28
we're usuallyย talking about something that happened in the past,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:32
a past event.
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.
00:34
So knowing how to accurately use theย past tenses is really useful
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ์œ ์šฉํ• 
00:40
but it's also going to help you to tell stories in an interesting
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๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ณ  ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:44
andย engaging way.
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00:45
You might have seen narrative tenses in English textbooks.
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์˜์–ด ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์—์„œ ๋‚ด๋Ÿฌํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
So this refers to verb tensesย that are used to talk about the past
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:55
and help you to tell a story.
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00:57
So in this lesson today we areย going to take a close look at the
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
01:01
past perfect continuous and of course, I'm going to share
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก 
01:05
the similarities and differences between this tense
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ
01:08
and the past perfect because they're kind ofย similar.
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์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์œ ์‚ฌ์ ๊ณผ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
Even though this is a grammar lesson,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ˆ˜์—…์ด์ง€๋งŒ
01:14
we're going to do some pronunciation practiceย and have some fun
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๋ฐœ์Œ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์žฌ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ 
01:17
along the way and make sure you stick with me to the end,
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๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
I've got a mini quizย to help you practise everything you learn
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๋ฐฐ์šด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
in this lesson. Let's get to it!
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…. ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž!
01:27
Before we get startedย today, I'd like to give a little shout out to our
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— mmmEnglish ์ฑ„๋„
01:30
good friends at Lingoda who are huge supporters of
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์˜ ์—ด๋ ฌํ•œ ์ง€์ง€์ž์ธ Lingoda์˜ ์ข‹์€ ์นœ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์€ ์ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:34
the mmmEnglish channel and without them,
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. ๊ทธ๋“ค ์—†์ด๋Š”
01:36
this lesson just wouldn't be possible.
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
Now there are a lot ofย language schools in the world today but
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์–ดํ•™์›์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:42
Lingoda is the one that I choose to recommend for you because
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Lingoda๋Š” Lingoda์˜
01:45
their platform, their lessons and their teachers create an excellent
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ํ”Œ๋žซํผ, ์ˆ˜์—… ๋ฐ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํƒ์›”ํ•œ
01:49
language learning experience. One way you get to interact
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์–ธ์–ด ํ•™์Šต ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™๊ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ง€๋งŒ
01:53
and learn with real people
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01:55
but everything happens online in a reallyย structured organised way.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์งํ™”๋œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
The flexibility is a huge plus, you can join private classes
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์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์€ ํฐ ์žฅ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋ฃจ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ์ค‘๋ฌดํœด๋กœ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ˆ˜์—…
02:03
and small groupย classes
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๋ฐ ์†Œ๊ทธ๋ฃน ์ˆ˜์—…์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:05
twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week.
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. ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋งŒ ์ž˜ ๋˜๋ฉด
02:08
And you can attend from anywhere as long as you've got
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์–ด๋””์„œ๋“  ์ฐธ์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:11
a solid internet connection.
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.
02:13
Their online platform is easy to use and they've got native
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ณ 
02:16
teachers available not only for English and business Englishย ย 
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์˜์–ด์™€ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์˜์–ด๋ฟ๋งŒ
02:20
but for German, French and Spanish as well
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋…์ผ์–ด, ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด, ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
02:23
and with group classes costing just eight euros a class,
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๊ทธ๋ฃน ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ์ˆ˜์—…๋‹น 8์œ ๋กœ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
02:27
I think they offer exceptional value forย money too.
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๋น„์šฉ ๋Œ€๋น„ ํƒ์›”ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„.
02:30
Now Lingoda offer plenty of options to suit your learning goals
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์ด์ œ Lingoda๋Š” ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํ•™์Šต์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— 7์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ์™„์ „ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์ฒดํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•™์Šต ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์šฉ์„ฑ์— ๋งž๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜ต์…˜์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:34
and your availabilityย including the chance
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02:37
to experience their classes for seven days
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02:40
absolutely free before you commitย to regular study with them.
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.
02:45
Now if this sounds like something you'd be interested in
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฉด
02:48
make sure youย check out the link down in the description below.
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์•„๋ž˜ ์„ค๋ช…์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ €๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ Lingoda ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
02:51
I'm also going to add the link to their Instagramย feed as well
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Instagram ํ”ผ๋“œ์—๋„ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:54
because that's where you can find some real stories
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02:58
about students of Lingodaย including me.
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.
03:01
And if you do decide to jump in
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Lingoda์— ๋›ฐ์–ด๋“ค์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:03
and try out Lingoda, make sure you use this codeย right here
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ด ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ฒซ ๋‹ฌ์—
03:07
which is going to give you a super cool twenty euro discount
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20์œ ๋กœ์˜ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ํ• ์ธ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
03:10
on your first month whichย is definitely
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03:13
a great way to get started in 2021.
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2021๋…„์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
Now narrative tenses, like I said earlier is justย another way
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์ด์ œ ์•ž์„œ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๋‚ด๋Ÿฌํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š”
03:21
to talk about the past tenses and so they include
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
03:25
the past simple, the past continuous, the past perfect
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๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ
03:30
and the past perfect continuous.
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๋ฐ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰์ด ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
And a narrative is a spoken or a written account
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด๋Ÿฌํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ๋‘ ๋˜๋Š” ์„œ๋ฉด ์„ค๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:37
of connected events. A story.
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. ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ.
03:40
And these tenses help us to give accurate information about
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์–ธ์ œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
03:45
how andย when events happened in the past
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03:48
so the past perfect continuous gives us very specific
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€ ํ–‰๋™์˜ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
ย information about the state of the actionย ย 
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03:55
and when I say state, I'm talking about whetherย or not that action
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04:00
or that event has started,
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04:03
if it was in progress or it was complete
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์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
04:08
at aย particular moment in the past.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ์— ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
So it helps us to order our stories
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
04:13
but it'll be much easierย if I show you an example
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์‰ฌ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:16
so that you can see what I'm talking about.
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.
04:19
Last week, I went for a bikeย ride.
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์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
I saw my friend Paul.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ ํด์„ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.
04:24
So these two sentences are both written in the past simple
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ์—ฌ์กŒ์ฃ 
04:29
aren't they? They're completed actions. They're finished.
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? ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์ž‘์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋๋‚ฌ์–ด.
04:33
When we put them on a timeline we can see that
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ํƒ€์ž„๋ผ์ธ์— ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด
04:35
theyย both took place at some point in the past but
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ์‹œ์ ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
04:40
we don't know when or which one happened first, doย we?
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์–ธ์ œ ๋˜๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋จผ์ € ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
04:45
So by using a combination of narrative tenses
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‚ด๋Ÿฌํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ์‹œ์ œ ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด
04:48
we can be more precise about how and when theseย actions
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์ด ์–ธ์ œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
04:51
took place so if we use the past perfect continuous,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด
04:56
we're going to bring our story to life.
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์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌ์— ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๋ถˆ์–ด๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
I had been riding my bike when I saw my friend Paul.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ Paul์„ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
So when I put one of these actions intoย the
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋™์ž‘ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ
05:05
past perfect continuous,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์— ๋„ฃ์œผ๋ฉด
05:08
it becomes really clear that the bike riding started
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์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ํƒ€๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
05:13
before I metย Paul and at the moment in time when I met Paul
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Paul์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  Paul์„ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์—
05:19
the bike riding was incomplete.
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์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ํƒ€๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋ง ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
I hadn'tย finished riding my bike when I saw Paul.
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Paul์„ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ํƒ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
So the past perfect continuous describes an event
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
ย an event that started before a particular moment in time
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์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์  ์ด์ „์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด
05:36
and it was still in progress at thatย time in the past.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ทธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
Let's look at another example.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
05:44
She had been working in the garden
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ •์›์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:47
when itย started to rain.
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.
05:49
So at that moment,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„, ๋น„๊ฐ€
05:51
at the moment it started to rain
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๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
05:53
what was the state of the actionย working?
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์•ก์…˜์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํƒœ์˜€๋‚˜์š”?
05:57
Had she finished working in the garden?
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ •์›์—์„œ ์ผ์„ ๋งˆ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:00
No, when the rain started, the gardening or workingย in the garden
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ •์› ๊ฐ€๊พธ๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ์ •์› ์ž‘์—…์ด
06:05
was incomplete. There was still more work
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์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ง ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์ด ๋” ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:09
to be done. It wasn't finished.
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. ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
Now if you'veย been paying attention, you've probably already
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์ด์ œ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:14
noticed what goes into a past perfect continuous
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์—ฐ์† ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ ธ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:18
sentence. They use the auxiliary verbs had and been
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. -ing ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ had์™€ been์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:24
along with the main verb which is in -ing form.
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.
06:28
Let's just go back to those original examples.
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์›๋ž˜ ์˜ˆ์ œ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
I had been riding my bike when I saw my friendย Paul.
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์นœ๊ตฌ Paul์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ ์ €๋Š” ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
06:35
She had been working in the garden
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ •์›์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค
06:37
when it started to rain.
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.
06:39
Now you can create negativeย sentences by putting not
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์ด์ œ had์™€ being ์‚ฌ์ด์— not์„ ๋„ฃ์–ด ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:43
between had and being.
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.
06:46
Had not been.
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์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
I had not been riding myย bike.
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์ €๋Š” ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
She hadn't been working in the garden.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ •์›์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
So before we go any further why don't youย take a moment
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๋” ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
06:58
just to write a few sentences
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07:00
with this tense just to practise the structure,
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๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž ์‹œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ด์–ด ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ๋ช‡ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ 
07:03
add them down into the comments below.
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์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
07:05
I'll be down there to review them and giveย a little bit of help
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์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋„์›€์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:08
if you need it.
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.
07:14
And before we go any further in this lesson, I want to take a
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋” ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
07:17
few moments to focus on your pronunciation to make sure that
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์ž ์‹œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ด์–ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์Œ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์—ฌ
07:21
whenย you are using this tense you're sounding natural and relaxed
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ
07:26
just like me or any otherย native English speaker
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์ €๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜์–ด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
and using contractions with the past perfect continuous is
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•๊ณผ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์ด
07:33
definitely goingย to help.
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
Now if you've watched my lesson about auxiliary verbs
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์ด์ œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:38
which is up here if youย need it,
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07:40
you'll know that auxiliary verbs are usually
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์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
07:43
unstressed and it changes the wayย that they are spoken.
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๊ฐ•์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
They are usually connected to the subject in spoken English
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋ฉฐ
07:51
and that makes aย contraction.
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์ถ•์•ฝ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
In a past perfect continuous sentence
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜• ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š”
07:57
there are two auxiliary verbs had and being
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๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ had์™€ being์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
08:00
butย had is the one that is contracted to the subject
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had๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์— ์ถ•์•ฝ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
08:05
so it's very natural to say I'd instead of I had,
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I'd ๋Œ€์‹  I had,
08:11
you'd instead of you had,
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you'd ๋Œ€์‹  you had,
08:14
she'd, he'd, we'd
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she'd๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. , ๊ทธ๋Š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
08:19
they'd
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋žฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ
08:21
and the trickiest one, it'd.
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๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
Try it.
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์‹œ๋„ ํ•ด๋ด.
08:27
It'd been raining all day.
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ์ข…์ผ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
Now the verb been is also an auxillary verb
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์ด์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, had์™€
08:35
andย although it doesn't get contracted in the same way that
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๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ถ•์•ฝ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด
08:38
had does, it's also unstressedย in spoken English
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์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
08:42
so you won't really hear people saying
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
08:45
been, they had beenย here.
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been, they had been here๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
What you'll actually hear is been.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
Been with a short vowel sound.
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์งง์€ ๋ชจ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
I'd been doingย the shopping.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์‡ผํ•‘์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
You'd been listening to music.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์Œ์•…์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
He'd been cooking.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
It'd been raining.
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๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
You get the idea.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
Usually at this point I'd continue on and show you how all
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ
09:10
of theseย contractions sound in the negative form as well
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ๋„ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ
09:14
but I've got something that might come as aย bit of a surprise.
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋†€๋ž„ ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
The past perfect continuous is actually not very common
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
09:23
in spoken English.
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๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ํ”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
It just sounds quite formal in spoken language,
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๊ตฌ์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฒฉ์‹ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
maybe it's all of those auxiliary verbs
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋“  ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
09:32
so you'llย often hear people using the past continuous
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž์ฃผ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:36
just to sound a little bit more natural.
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.
09:38
Now ifย you really want to get some pronunciation practice
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์ด์ œ
09:42
with past perfect contractions, you can checkย out this lesson
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
09:46
up here where I go into it in a lot more detail.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
Okay so let's talk about someย of the most common mistakes
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ์ œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ด ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
09:53
that my students are making with this tense
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09:56
and actually, there areย two of them the first one is using verbs thatย ย 
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š”
10:02
can't be used in the continuous tense.
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์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
Yeah notย all verbs can be used in the continuous tense
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์˜ˆ, ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
10:10
like this sentence here, something's not quiteย right about it.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:15
The verb see just like other verbs of the senses
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๋™์‚ฌ๋Š”
10:20
like taste and smell, these areย stative verbs
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๋ง›๊ณผ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ƒํƒœ ๋™์‚ฌ
10:25
and stative verbs describe a state of being rather than an action
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์ด๋ฉฐ ์ƒํƒœ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋™์ž‘๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์กด์žฌ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
10:30
and usuallyย they can't be used in the continuous tense.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์‹ 
10:34
This sentence is going to sound so much betterย if we use an action
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๋™์ž‘ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ž˜ ๋“ค๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:38
verb instead.
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.
10:39
I'd been watching the waves when I bumped into Paul.
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Paul์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ํŒŒ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
Orย if you really want to use the verb see then just switch the tense.
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๋˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์„ธ์š”.
10:48
I saw the waves crashingย into the shore
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ํŒŒ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์„œ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜๊ณ 
10:51
and later I bumped into Paul.
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— Paul๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋”ช์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
The second mistake that I see my students makingย all of the time
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ
10:59
is this one.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
She has been working in the garden
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
11:03
when it started to rain.
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๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ •์›์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
Can you seeย what's wrong with this one?
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
11:08
This is the present perfect continuous, the past perfect uses had.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€ had์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
Noย matter what the subject is, we use had in the past perfect.
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:19
You're used to conjugating verbs for theย third person singular
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ 3์ธ์นญ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์ธ she, he, it์— ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ต์ˆ™
11:23
subjects in English, she, he and it
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11:27
but not with the past perfect.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
Youย only use had no matter what the subject.
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์ฃผ์ œ์— ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด had๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
You're probably feeling pretty confident withย this tense by now
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์ง€๊ธˆ์ฏค์ด๋ฉด ์ด ์‹œ์ œ์— ๊ฝค ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ์…จ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด
11:39
but you might be wondering
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11:42
well how is this tense different from the past perfectย simple?
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์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์™€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
Well there are three ways to compare these two tenses
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์ด ๋‘ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
11:50
and I'm going to go through it right now. Are you ready?
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค€๋น„ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
11:52
The first difference to remember is that the past perfect
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋Š”
11:56
shows a completedย action whereas the past perfect continuousย ย 
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์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€
12:01
shows an incomplete action.
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์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
We had just been for a bike ride when we bumped into Paul.
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์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๋‹ค๊ฐ€ Paul๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฃผ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:07
Or we could also say:
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๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:09
We had been riding our bikesย when we bumped into Paul.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ Paul๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋”ช์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
So in the first example
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š”
12:15
we're using the past perfect simple
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12:18
toย explain that the bike ride was complete when we met Paul.
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Paul์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ํƒ€๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
We're not riding anymore the rideย is over
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ํƒ€๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋๋‚ฌ์ง€
12:26
but in the second example,
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๋งŒ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ
12:28
the past perfect continuous
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€
12:31
tells us that the bike ride is still inย progress.
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์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ํƒ€๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ง ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ž„์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:34
It's an incomplete action.
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๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:36
Is that clear? Good.
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๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ข‹์€.
12:39
However both of these tenses can actually express
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋‘ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๋™์ž‘์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:43
a completed action, especially when we're using them
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. ํŠนํžˆ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
12:47
with theย adverbs for and since which is really common
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฌ for ๋ฐ Since์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:51
in perfect tenses, isn't it? Let's have a look atย an example.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:56
I had been cleaning for hours to prepare for the party.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
13:00
Or we could say I hadย cleaned for hours to prepare for the party.
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๋˜๋Š” ํŒŒํ‹ฐ ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ฒญ์†Œํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:06
The meaning is almost the same in both sentences
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์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋™์ผ
13:10
but the emphasis shifts just ever so slightly
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
13:14
because the past perfect continuous helps us toย emphasise
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ด
13:18
the duration or the length of the action,
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ํ–‰๋™์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธธ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ•์กฐ์ ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์ด๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ
13:21
you know, I spent a long time cleaning andย now finally
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, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ฒญ์†Œํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด
13:25
the house is clean.
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์ง‘์€ ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ.
13:26
The past perfect sentence emphasises that the action isย complete
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์€ ์ž‘์—…์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์–ด
13:32
so I've finished cleaning and as a result
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์ฒญ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์ณค๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
13:35
the house is ready for the party.
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์ง‘์ด ํŒŒํ‹ฐ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
Now in reality, in many situations, you can use either the past
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์ด์ œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ
13:42
perfect or the past perfect continuous
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์™„๋ฃŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜
13:45
and it'sย just that subtle difference in meaning that makes
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์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
13:48
your sentences a little more powerful.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ข€ ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
Now theย third difference that you need to be aware of
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์ด์ œ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€
13:55
is about how that action is viewed.
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ํ•ด๋‹น ์ž‘์—…์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:59
Is it aย temporary action or is it a permanent one?
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์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์กฐ์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ์กฐ์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
14:03
He had lived in London for five years.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์—์„œ 5๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ด์•˜๋‹ค.
14:06
Nowย in that sentence we view the action as being permanent
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
14:10
using the past perfect but compare thatย to:
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ–‰๋™์ด ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:14
He had been living in London for five years.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์—์„œ 5๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:17
Now in that sentence we view the action as beingย temporary.
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:22
It's so subtle. It's not the meaning of the sentence that changes.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘
14:27
Both of those sentencesย are correct, there's just a teeny tiny shift
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๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:31
in the way that we view the action, whether it's temporary
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์ผ์‹œ์ ์ด๋“  ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ด๋“  ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:35
or it's permanent. Let me give you another example.
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. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:38
My brother had been working in a restaurantย for two years
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์˜ค๋น ๋Š”
14:42
when he decided to study medicine.
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์˜๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์‹๋‹น์—์„œ 2๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:44
So I'm using the past perfect continuous hereย because
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:48
I think of that job as being temporary.
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๊ทธ ์ง์—…์ด ์ž„์‹œ์ง์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:52
Now, on the other hand, my brother would say:
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์ด์ œ ํ˜•์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:56
I hadย worked in the restaurant industry for two years
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ํ•™ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— 2๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์š”์‹์—…์—์„œ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:00
before I started studying medicine.
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.
15:02
So he's usingย the past perfect because he viewed that action
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์„ ๋ณด์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:07
that work as being permanent. He thought that thatย career
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. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์ด
15:12
would be a permanent one in the restaurant industry.
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์™ธ์‹ ์—…๊ณ„์—์„œ ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:15
So you can see that there isn't alwaysย a right or a wrong answer,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์˜ณ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฅธ ๋‹ต์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ
15:19
sometimes it just comes down to emphasis or perception
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋‚˜ ์ธ์‹,
15:24
and the way thatย you choose to communicate your story.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ ํƒํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:28
The way that you choose to express something might actuallyย be
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
15:31
different to the way that someone else does
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹
15:34
and that's okay.
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๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:36
All right I think it's time forย a quiz now. We've gone through
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:39
how to accurately use the past perfect continuous tense.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:44
Nowย let's practise actually using it together.
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์ด์ œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
15:52
I'm going to give you two events or two actionsย and both of these
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด๋‚˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชจ๋‘
15:57
things have taken place in the past so all you need to do is
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€
16:00
join them togetherย into one sentence and make sure you use
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ 
16:05
the past perfect continuous.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:07
So for example, the first eventย is we played football.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:12
This is the thing that was happening first but then
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
16:16
something else happened. It started to rain.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
16:19
So your answer could be:
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:21
We had been playing football when it started to rain.
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๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:25
Okay so now it's your turn to write these sentences.
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค์„ ์“ธ ์ฐจ๋ก€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:28
I want you to write them down in the commentsย below
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์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ ์–ด์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฉด
16:31
so I can come down and check them for you,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ ค์™€์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ 
16:34
give you some feedback if you need them.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:36
I'm notย going to go through the answers in this video.
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์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ์˜ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์€ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:39
So the first event: We waited for the bus for anย hour.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ: ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:43
And the second event: The bus finally arrived.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด: ๋“œ๋””์–ด ๋ฒ„์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
16:49
Hit pause if you need to, write your sentence down below.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ผ์‹œ ์ค‘์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ณ  ์•„๋ž˜์— ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
16:53
Okay try this one.
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์ข‹์•„, ์ด๊ฑธ ํ•ด๋ด.
16:55
He worked at the supermarketย for a long time.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์Šˆํผ๋งˆ์ผ“์—์„œ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:58
One day he became the manager.
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์–ด๋Š ๋‚  ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งค๋‹ˆ์ €๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
17:03
They spent the whole afternoon cooking
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜คํ›„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์ง€
17:06
but the dinner guests cancelled.
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๋งŒ ์ €๋… ์‹์‚ฌ ์†๋‹˜์€ ์ทจ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:10
So how did you do? I hope that this lesson hasย helped to make
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋‹ˆ? ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์ด
17:14
the past perfect continuous a little clearer
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ฉฐ
17:17
and hopefully, you feel a bit moreย comfortable using it now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š๊ปด์ง€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ
17:20
Another really great way for you to practise and become
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์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
17:23
more familiar withย this tense is through your writing.
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๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋ฃจ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•œ ์ผ์—
17:27
Even if it's as simple and mundane as writing about what youย did
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๋Œ€ํ•ด ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒํผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ผ์ง€๋ผ๋„
17:32
during the day, it's an awesome opportunity to practise
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17:35
using narrative tenses to help you accurately tell the story
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜์—ฌ
17:40
of your day in order so that it's clear
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17:43
when and how theseย events happened in relation to each other.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์–ธ์ œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๊ธฐํšŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ.
17:48
If you haven't already subscribedย to the channel yet,
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์•„์ง ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
17:50
make sure you do, turn on notifications so that you know
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17:54
asย soon as I've got a new lesson ready for you. I've got some really
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์ƒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ์ค€๋น„๋˜๋Š” ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ์ผœ์„ธ์š”.
17:57
great grammar lessons comingย up that are going to help you to
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18:00
improve your accuracy over the next several weeks.
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ •๋ง ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๊ณง ์žˆ์„ ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:04
I'llย be back next week with a brand new lesson
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐ•์˜๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:07
but while you're waiting, why not check outย this one right here?
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๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
18:11
I'll see you in there!
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ณด์ž!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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