Fun English Grammar Lesson: Past Simple vs Present Perfect - Learn the Difference (Examples + quiz)

381,787 views

2017-11-13 ・ To Fluency


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Fun English Grammar Lesson: Past Simple vs Present Perfect - Learn the Difference (Examples + quiz)

381,787 views ・ 2017-11-13

To Fluency


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Hi, Jack from tofluency.com here.
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”, μ—¬κΈ° tofluency.com의 Jackμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:03
On this channel I have made many lessons
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이 μ±„λ„μ—μ„œ μ €λŠ” ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ§Žμ€ κ΅ν›ˆμ„ μ–»μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:06
on the present perfect.
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.
00:07
I've talked about the difference between
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00:10
the present perfect simple and continuous,
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ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œ λ‹¨μˆœκ³Ό μ§„ν–‰μ˜ 차이점,
00:13
the difference between for and since,
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for와 since의 차이점,
00:15
how to use the present perfect in the negative,
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό λΆ€μ •λ¬ΈμœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 방법,
00:18
how to use it with just
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just와 ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 방법,
00:20
and other videos too that I can't remember right now.
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그리고 μ§€κΈˆ 기얡이 λ‚˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ μ˜μƒλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλ„ 이야기 ν•΄λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. .
00:24
One question that keeps popping up,
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계속 λ– μ˜€λ₯΄λŠ” ν•œ 가지 질문,
00:28
one question that people keep asking me
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ €μ—κ²Œ 계속 λ¬»λŠ” ν•œ 가지 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€
00:30
is, what is the difference between the present perfect
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ
00:34
and the past simple?
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와 λ‹¨μˆœ 과거의 차이점이 λ¬΄μ—‡μΈκ°€μš”?
00:35
And what's key here is I see many mistakes made
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그리고 μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은 이 λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œ λ§Žμ€ μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ €μ§ˆλ €λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:38
in this area and the first thing to know is
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κ°€μž₯ λ¨Όμ € μ•Œμ•„μ•Ό ν•  것은
00:41
it's not an easy subject.
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μ‰¬μš΄ μ£Όμ œκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:44
It's not an easy subject to tackle,
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닀루기 μ‰¬μš΄ μ£Όμ œλŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆμ§€λ§Œ,
00:47
but my job in this video is to give you
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이 λΉ„λ””μ˜€μ—μ„œ 제 μž„λ¬΄λŠ”
00:50
a better understanding of when to use the present perfect
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” 경우
00:53
and when to use the past simple.
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와 κ³Όκ±°λ₯Ό λ‹¨μˆœ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” κ²½μš°μ— λŒ€ν•œ 더 λ‚˜μ€ 이해λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 차이점을 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 데
00:55
We're going to look at lots of examples to help you
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도움이 λ˜λŠ” λ§Žμ€ 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ³ 
00:58
really understand this difference
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01:00
and I'm going to test your knowledge throughout this video.
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이 λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μ „μ²΄μ—μ„œ 지식을 ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:04
So, let's get into it.
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자, 그것에 λ“€μ–΄κ°€ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
01:06
The best way to start is with a couple of examples.
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μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λŠ” κ°€μž₯ 쒋은 방법은 λͺ‡ 가지 μ˜ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
The first one is this.
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첫 λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” μ΄κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:11
I've been to Madrid four times.
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μ €λŠ” λ§ˆλ“œλ¦¬λ“œμ— 4번 κ°€λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:14
I've been to Madrid four times.
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μ €λŠ” λ§ˆλ“œλ¦¬λ“œμ— 4번 κ°€λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
So, this is, what is it?
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ, 이것은 λ¬΄μ—‡μž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
01:20
The present perfect.
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ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œ.
01:22
It's the present perfect tense.
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ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:24
The second example is obviously in the simple past
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두 번째 μ˜ˆλŠ” λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ λ‹¨μˆœν•œ 과거에 κ΄€ν•œ 것이고
01:28
and it's this,
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이것이 λ°”λ‘œ
01:30
in 2006, I went to Madrid with some friends.
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2006년에 μΉœκ΅¬λ“€κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ λ§ˆλ“œλ¦¬λ“œμ— 갔을 λ•Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:35
In 2006, I went to Madrid with some friends.
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2006년에 μΉœκ΅¬λ“€κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ λ§ˆλ“œλ¦¬λ“œμ— κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
Let's start with the simple past because most people
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
01:42
find this easier to use.
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이것을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κΈ° 더 쉽닀고 μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ κ³Όκ±°λΆ€ν„° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:45
That example again, in 2006, I went to Madrid
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2006년에 μ €λŠ” μΉœκ΅¬λ“€κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ λ§ˆλ“œλ¦¬λ“œμ— κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:48
with some friends.
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.
01:50
Now, we use the simple past for completed actions
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이제 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 과거에 μ™„λ£Œλœ μž‘μ—…μ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©°
01:54
in the past and this is obvious that this action
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이 μž‘μ—…μ΄
01:59
isn't continuing now.
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μ§€κΈˆ κ³„μ†λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” 것은 λͺ…λ°±ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:01
This action is over.
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이 μž‘μ—…μ€ λλ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:03
We're not in Madrid anymore.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 더 이상 λ§ˆλ“œλ¦¬λ“œμ— μžˆμ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
We went to Madrid and we came home
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ§ˆλ“œλ¦¬λ“œμ— κ°”λ‹€κ°€ 집에 μ™”κ³ 
02:07
and you can see the time expression used here
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μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ μ‚¬μš©λœ μ‹œκ°„ ν‘œν˜„μ΄
02:10
is in 2006 and we'll talk more about time expressions soon,
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2006λ…„μž„μ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ‹œκ°„ ν‘œν˜„μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 곧 더 μžμ„Ένžˆ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ² μ§€λ§Œ
02:15
but know at this stage that we use the past simple
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이 λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œλŠ” μ™„λ£Œλœ μž‘μ—…μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 λ•Œ λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:17
when we're talking about completed actions in the past.
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과거에.
02:20
Let's go over the present perfect example now.
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이제 ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
I've been to Madrid four times.
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μ €λŠ” λ§ˆλ“œλ¦¬λ“œμ— 4번 κ°€λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
I've been to Madrid four times.
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μ €λŠ” λ§ˆλ“œλ¦¬λ“œμ— 4번 κ°€λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:28
Now, what I'm actually saying is this.
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이제 μ œκ°€ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λ§ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 것은 μ΄κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
I've been to Madrid four times in my life,
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λ‚˜λŠ” λ‚΄ μΈμƒμ—μ„œ λ§ˆλ“œλ¦¬λ“œμ— λ„€ 번 κ°”κ³ 
02:37
and, luckily, I'm still alive,
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운 μ’‹κ²Œλ„ 아직 μ‚΄μ•„ μžˆμœΌλ―€λ‘œ
02:40
therefore, the action has not finished yet.
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행동이 아직 λλ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
This is not a completed action.
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μ™„λ£Œλœ μž‘μ—…μ΄ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:46
I might go in the future.
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λ‚˜λŠ” λ―Έλž˜μ— 갈 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
I might not, but the possibility is there,
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아닐 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ§€λ§Œ κ°€λŠ₯성은 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:51
and that's why we're using the present perfect here.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:55
I've been to Madrid four times.
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μ €λŠ” λ§ˆλ“œλ¦¬λ“œμ— 4번 κ°€λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
Now, pay attention to the next two examples
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이제 λ‹€μŒ 두 μ˜ˆμ— 주의λ₯Ό κΈ°μšΈμ΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
03:00
because they'll help you understand this difference
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이 차이λ₯Ό
03:02
a little bit more.
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쑰금 더 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 데 도움이 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:03
Okay, the first one is this,
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μ’‹μ•„μš”, 첫 λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” μ΄κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:05
my grandma never went to Madrid.
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우리 ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆλŠ” λ§ˆλ“œλ¦¬λ“œμ— κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
My grandma never went to Madrid.
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ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆλŠ” λ§ˆλ“œλ¦¬λ“œμ— 가지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
This is in the simple past, the past simple.
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이것은 λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°, λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:14
Simple past or past simple.
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λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±° λ˜λŠ” κ³Όκ±° λ‹¨μˆœ.
03:16
And the reason I'm using it in this tense
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μ œκ°€ 이 μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ”
03:18
is because that action is over.
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κ·Έ λ™μž‘μ΄ 끝났기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:22
My grandma is not alive.
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ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆλŠ” μ‚΄μ•„ κ³„μ‹œμ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:24
She died a long time ago,
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 였래 전에 μ£½μ—ˆκ³ ,
03:26
therefore, while she was alive she never went to Madrid,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ κ·Έλ…€κ°€ μ‚΄μ•„μžˆλŠ” λ™μ•ˆ κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λ§ˆλ“œλ¦¬λ“œμ— 가지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
and that's why we use it in the simple past.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ‹¨μˆœ 과거에 그것을 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:34
Paul, on the other hand, has never been to Madrid.
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λ°˜λ©΄μ— Paul은 λ§ˆλ“œλ¦¬λ“œμ— κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:38
Now, Paul is a friend of mine who is still alive,
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이제 Paul은 아직 μ‚΄μ•„μžˆλŠ” λ‚΄ μΉœκ΅¬μ΄μ§€λ§Œ
03:42
but he's never been to Madrid.
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λ§ˆλ“œλ¦¬λ“œμ— κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:45
I think it's because he burns really easily,
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정말 μ‰½κ²Œ 타버리기 λ•Œλ¬ΈμΈ 것 같은데,
03:48
but the important thing to know is that
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은
03:50
he could still go in the future.
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κ·Έκ°€ μ•žμœΌλ‘œλ„ 갈 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 점이닀.
03:52
That possibility is there for him.
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κ·Έ κ°€λŠ₯성은 κ·Έμ—κ²Œ μžˆλ‹€.
03:55
That action of going to Madrid or not going to Madrid
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λ§ˆλ“œλ¦¬λ“œμ— κ°€κ±°λ‚˜ λ§ˆλ“œλ¦¬λ“œμ— 가지 μ•ŠλŠ” 행동은
03:59
isn't over now.
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이제 λλ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:01
Hopefully, those examples have helped you understand
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ˜ˆκ°€ 이 차이점을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 데 도움이 λ˜μ—ˆκΈ°λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€
04:03
this difference, but I'm going to introduce something now
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. 이제 정말 μœ μš©ν•œ 것을 μ†Œκ°œν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:07
that is really useful.
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.
04:08
We use past time expressions with the past simple
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 일반적으둜 λ§ν•΄μ„œ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œμ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ κ³Όκ±° λ‹¨μˆœ
04:12
and present time expressions with the present perfect,
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및 ν˜„μž¬ μ‹œκ°„ ν‘œν˜„κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ κ³Όκ±° μ‹œκ°„ ν‘œν˜„μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:14
generally speaking.
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.
04:16
You might be thinking, what is a time expression.
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μ‹œκ°„ ν‘œν˜„μ΄ 무엇인지 생각할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:19
Well, here are some examples of past time expressions.
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음, μ—¬κΈ° κ³Όκ±° μ‹œκ°„ ν‘œν˜„μ˜ λͺ‡ 가지 μ˜ˆκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:22
Yesterday, last week, on Monday, two hours ago,
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μ–΄μ œ, μ§€λ‚œμ£Ό, μ›”μš”μΌ, 2μ‹œκ°„ μ „,
04:27
in 2002, and a great rule to remember is that
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2002λ…„ 그리고 κΈ°μ–΅ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  μ€‘μš”ν•œ κ·œμΉ™μ€
04:32
with past time expressions we use the simple past.
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κ³Όκ±° μ‹œκ°„ ν‘œν˜„μ— λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:37
Here are some examples.
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μ—¬κΈ° λͺ‡ 가지 μ˜ˆκ°€ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
04:38
I told her last week.
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λ‚˜λŠ” μ§€λ‚œμ£Όμ— κ·Έλ…€μ—κ²Œ λ§ν–ˆλ‹€.
04:41
I told her last week.
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λ‚˜λŠ” μ§€λ‚œμ£Όμ— κ·Έλ…€μ—κ²Œ λ§ν–ˆλ‹€.
04:43
She went to London in 2011.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 2011년에 λŸ°λ˜μ— κ°”λ‹€.
04:47
She went to London in 2011.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 2011년에 λŸ°λ˜μ— κ°”λ‹€.
04:51
He called me two hours ago.
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κ·ΈλŠ” 두 μ‹œκ°„ 전에 λ‚˜μ—κ²Œ μ „ν™”λ₯Ό κ±Έμ—ˆλ‹€.
04:53
He called me two hours ago.
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κ·ΈλŠ” 두 μ‹œκ°„ 전에 λ‚˜μ—κ²Œ μ „ν™”ν–ˆλ‹€.
04:56
All of these examples have past time expressions
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λͺ¨λ“  μ˜ˆμ—λŠ” κ³Όκ±° μ‹œκ°„ ν‘œν˜„μ΄ 있으며
04:59
and they're used in the simple past.
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λ‹¨μˆœ 과거에 μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:01
So, you can't use a past time expression
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λ”°λΌμ„œ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œμ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ κ³Όκ±° ν‘œν˜„μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:04
with the present perfect.
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.
05:06
You can't say, I have told her last week,
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λ‚΄κ°€ μ§€λ‚œμ£Όμ— κ·Έλ…€μ—κ²Œ λ§ν–ˆλ‹€κ³  말할 μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μ§€λ§Œ
05:09
but look at what you can do to change these sentences
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이 λ¬Έμž₯듀을
05:14
into the present perfect.
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œλ‘œ λ°”κΎΈκΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 무엇을 ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
05:16
The first one, I told her last week can be changed to,
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첫 λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” μ§€λ‚œμ£Όμ— κ·Έλ…€μ—κ²Œ 변경될 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:20
I've told her a few times this week.
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이번 주에 κ·Έλ…€μ—κ²Œ λͺ‡ 번 λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:24
Obviously, these are two different sentences
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λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ 이듀은 μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 두 가지λ₯Ό
05:26
meaning two different things,
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μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ” 두 개의 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ¬Έμž₯
05:28
but you'll notice how the time expression
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μ΄μ§€λ§Œ μ‹œμ œμ— 따라 μ‹œκ°„ ν‘œν˜„μ΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ³€ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:31
changes according to the tense.
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.
05:34
When we use last week it's the simple past.
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μ§€λ‚œ μ£Όλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  λ•ŒλŠ” λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:36
When we use this week it's the present perfect.
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이번 μ£Όλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  λ•ŒλŠ” ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:41
She went to London in 2011.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 2011년에 λŸ°λ˜μ— κ°”λ‹€.
05:45
An example of using the present perfect
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05:47
to talk about something similar.
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λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 것에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 예.
05:49
She's been to London four times in total.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λŸ°λ˜μ— 총 4번 κ°”λ‹€.
05:53
She's been to London four times in total.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λŸ°λ˜μ— 총 4번 κ°”λ‹€.
05:57
And finally, he called me two hours ago.
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그리고 λ§ˆμΉ¨λ‚΄ κ·ΈλŠ” 두 μ‹œκ°„ 전에 λ‚˜μ—κ²Œ μ „ν™”λ₯Ό κ±Έμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:00
You can say, he's called me twice today.
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κ·Έκ°€ 였늘 λ‚˜μ—κ²Œ 두 번 μ „ν™”ν–ˆλ‹€κ³  말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:04
Today is a present time expression in most cases.
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μ˜€λŠ˜μ€ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 경우 ν˜„μž¬ μ‹œκ°„ ν‘œν˜„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:08
He's called me twice today.
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κ·ΈλŠ” 였늘 λ‚˜μ—κ²Œ 두 번 μ „ν™”ν–ˆλ‹€.
06:10
He called me two hours ago.
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κ·ΈλŠ” 두 μ‹œκ°„ 전에 λ‚˜μ—κ²Œ μ „ν™”ν–ˆλ‹€.
06:14
Phew, so, quite a lot so far in this lesson.
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휴, μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ 이 μˆ˜μ—…μ—μ„œ κ½€ 많이.
06:17
This is a great time to give you a little bit of a test.
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이것은 λ‹Ήμ‹ μ—κ²Œ μ•½κ°„μ˜ ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈλ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜κΈ°μ— 쒋은 μ‹œκ°„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:21
(guitar riffs) Okay, so what I want
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(기타 리프) μ’‹μ•„μš”, μ œκ°€ μ›ν•˜λŠ” 것은
06:22
you to do is to fill in the blanks,
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λΉˆμΉΈμ„ μ±„μš°λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:25
to fill in the blanks. (upbeat instrumental music)
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λΉˆμΉΈμ„ μ±„μš°λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. (κ²½μΎŒν•œ κΈ°μ•…)
06:27
She something it four times this year.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ˜¬ν•΄ λ„€ λ²ˆμ΄λ‚˜ μ„±κ³΅ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:32
She something it four times this year.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ˜¬ν•΄ 4λ²ˆμ΄λ‚˜ μ„±κ³΅ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:36
Use the verb to do.
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ν•  동사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:39
(upbeat instrumental music)
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(κ²½μΎŒν•œ κΈ°μ•…)
06:42
She's done it four times this year.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ˜¬ν•΄ λ„€ 번 ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
06:46
She's done it four times this year.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ˜¬ν•΄ 그것을 λ„€ 번 ν–ˆλ‹€.
06:49
Because this year is a present time expression.
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μ˜¬ν•΄λŠ” ν˜„μž¬ μ‹œκ°„ ν‘œν˜„μ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:52
It hasn't finished yet,
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아직 λλ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜
06:54
therefore, we use the present perfect.
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μœΌλ―€λ‘œ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:56
And the last one, I something Sarah two minutes ago.
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ, 2λΆ„ 전에 Sarahμ—κ²Œ μ „ν™”λ₯Ό κ±Έμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:01
I something Sarah two minutes ago.
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λ‚˜λŠ” 2λΆ„ 전에 Sarahμ—κ²Œ λ­”κ°€λ₯Ό λ§ν–ˆμ–΄.
07:04
Use the verb to see.
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동사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:06
(upbeat instrumental music)
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(κ²½μΎŒν•œ κΈ°μ•…)
07:10
I saw Sarah two minutes ago.
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2λΆ„ 전에 사라λ₯Ό λ΄€μ–΄μš”.
07:13
I saw Sarah two minutes ago.
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2λΆ„ 전에 사라λ₯Ό λ΄€μ–΄μš”.
07:16
Two minutes ago is a past time expression,
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Two minutes agoλŠ” κ³Όκ±° μ‹œκ°„ ν‘œν˜„
07:18
therefore, past simple.
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μ΄λ―€λ‘œ λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:20
Now, time expressions like two hours ago, yesterday,
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이제 2μ‹œκ°„ μ „, μ–΄μ œ,
07:24
this year, they're quite simple to use
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μ˜¬ν•΄μ™€ 같은 μ‹œκ°„ ν‘œν˜„μ€ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κΈ°κ°€ 맀우 κ°„λ‹¨ν•˜λ©°
07:26
and they tell you which tense you need to use.
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μ–΄λ–€ μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œλ €μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:30
However, there are some where it isn't as obvious.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λͺ…ν™•ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ κ²½μš°λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:34
So, tell me which one of these is correct.
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그럼 이 쀑 μ–΄λŠ 것이 λ§žλŠ”μ§€ μ•Œλ €μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
07:38
I had two cups of coffee this morning
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였늘 아침에 컀피 두 μž”μ„ λ§ˆμ…¨
07:41
or I've had two cups of coffee this morning.
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κ±°λ‚˜ 였늘 아침에 두 μž”μ˜ 컀피λ₯Ό λ§ˆμ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:46
Which one is correct?
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μ–΄λŠ 것이 λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
07:48
The answer is both, but it depends at which time
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λŒ€λ‹΅μ€ λ‘˜ λ‹€μ΄μ§€λ§Œ
07:54
you say these sentences.
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이 λ¬Έμž₯을 λ§ν•˜λŠ” μ‹œκ°„μ— 따라 λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:57
For example, let's say that it is 11 AM.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ μ˜€μ „ 11μ‹œλΌκ³  ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
08:02
What you can say is this, I've had two cups of coffee
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당신이 말할 수 μžˆλŠ” 것은 이것이닀, λ‚˜λŠ” 였늘 아침에 두 μž”μ˜ 컀피λ₯Ό λ§ˆμ…¨λ‹€
08:06
this morning.
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.
08:08
I've had two cups of coffee this morning.
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였늘 아침에 컀피 두 μž”μ„ λ§ˆμ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:11
Because it's still the morning,
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아직 μ•„μΉ¨μ΄λ‹ˆκΉŒ
08:14
the morning hasn't finished yet.
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아직 아침이 λλ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€.
08:17
Therefore, we use the present perfect.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:20
But at 2 PM what you can say is this,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ˜€ν›„ 2μ‹œμ— 말할 수 μžˆλŠ” 것은
08:24
I had two cups of coffee this morning.
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였늘 μ•„μΉ¨ 컀피 두 μž”μ„ λ§ˆμ…¨λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:27
I had two cups of coffee this morning.
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λ‚˜λŠ” 였늘 아침에 컀피 두 μž”μ„ λ§ˆμ…¨λ‹€.
08:31
Because this morning is now over it's now the afternoon
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였늘 아침이 이제 끝났기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 이제 μ˜€ν›„μ΄κ³ 
08:36
and that action of drinking coffee in the morning
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아침에 컀피λ₯Ό λ§ˆμ‹œλŠ” ν–‰μœ„λŠ”
08:40
is finished.
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λλ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:41
Let's now talk about the present perfect and the past simple
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이제
08:44
with some more advanced usage,
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μ’€ 더 λ°œμ „λœ μ‚¬μš©λ²•κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œμ™€ λ‹¨μˆœ 과거에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
08:47
but also, in terms of how strict the rules are.
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λ˜ν•œ κ·œμΉ™μ΄ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ—„κ²©ν•œμ§€μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλ„ 이야기해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
08:51
Look at these two examples.
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이 두 가지 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
08:53
Did you have breakfast yet?
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당신은 아직 μ•„μΉ¨ 식사λ₯Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
08:55
Did you have breakfast yet?
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당신은 아직 μ•„μΉ¨ 식사λ₯Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
08:57
The second one is, have you had breakfast yet?
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두 λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” μ•„μΉ¨μ‹μ‚¬λŠ” ν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
09:01
Have you had breakfast yet?
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당신은 아직 μ•„μΉ¨ 식사λ₯Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
09:03
In British English the first one using the simple past
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μ˜κ΅­μ‹ μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œλŠ” λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 첫 번째 μ˜μ–΄κ°€
09:07
sounds strange.
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μ΄μƒν•˜κ²Œ λ“€λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:09
It's sounds strange to British ears,
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영ꡭ인의 κ·€μ—λŠ” μ΄μƒν•˜κ²Œ λ“€λ¦¬μ§€λ§Œ
09:12
but you hear people in America use this all the time.
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λ―Έκ΅­ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 항상 이것을 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:16
In America you'll hear both.
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λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œλŠ” λ‘˜ λ‹€ λ“£κ²Œ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:18
You'll hear people say did you have breakfast yet
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ did you have breakfast yet
09:20
or have you had breakfast yet,
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λ˜λŠ” have you have breakfast yet 아침식사λ₯Ό ν–ˆλ‹€κ³  λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ“£κ²Œ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:22
but in the UK we're a littler stricter with
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ˜κ΅­μ—μ„œλŠ” ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œκ°€ μ’€ 더 μ—„κ²©ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
09:26
the present perfect and you won't hear
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09:28
people say the first one.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 첫 번째라고 λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것을 듣지 λͺ»ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 μ˜ˆμ—μ„œλŠ”
09:30
You'll only hear people say the present perfect
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£ŒλΌκ³  λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것을 듀을 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:33
for this example.
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.
09:35
Here's another difference with British and American English.
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μ˜κ΅­μ‹ μ˜μ–΄μ™€ 미ꡭ식 μ˜μ–΄μ˜ 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 차이점이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:38
You'll hear people in America say, I just saw him.
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λ―Έκ΅­ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ“£κ²Œ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:41
I just saw him.
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λ‚˜λŠ” κ·Έλ₯Ό 방금 λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€.
09:43
In British English you'll hear people say,
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μ˜κ΅­μ‹ μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
09:45
I've just seen him.
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I've just saw him라고 λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것을 듀을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:47
I've just seen him.
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λ‚˜λŠ” κ·Έλ₯Ό 방금 λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€.
09:48
Both are used to talk about an action
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λ‘˜ λ‹€
09:52
that finished in the very recent past.
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μ•„μ£Ό 졜근 과거에 λλ‚œ 행동에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:55
Ah, I just saw him.
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μ•„, 방금 λ΄€μ–΄μš”.
09:57
Ah, I've just seen him,
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μ•„, 방금 λ΄€λŠ”λ°
09:59
but again, this is just a difference between
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μ—­μ‹œλ‚˜ 이건 κ·Έλƒ₯
10:02
British and American English.
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μ˜κ΅­μ‹ μ˜μ–΄μ™€ 미ꡭ식 μ˜μ–΄μ˜ μ°¨μ΄μ—μš”.
10:03
We have covered a lot in this lesson
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이번 κ°•μ˜μ—μ„œ λ§Žμ€ λ‚΄μš©μ„ λ‹€λ£¨μ—ˆμœΌλ‹ˆ
10:06
and I hope you found it useful.
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도움이 λ˜μ—ˆκΈ°λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€. μ§€κΈˆ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ μΆ”μ²œν•˜λŠ”
10:08
Here are three things that I recommend you do now.
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μ„Έ 가지가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
10:11
The first one is this,
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첫 λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” μ΄κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λͺ…ν™•
10:13
if anything was unclear or if you're at the stage
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ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 것이 μžˆκ±°λ‚˜
10:16
where you're feeling a little confused
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μ•½κ°„ ν˜Όλž€μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ 단계에 μžˆλŠ” 경우
10:18
then go back and watch this lesson
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λŒμ•„κ°€μ„œ 이 κ°•μ˜λ₯Ό μ‹œμ²­ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
10:20
because watching it a second time
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두 번째 μ‹œμ²­ν•˜λ©΄ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 차이점을
10:23
will help you understand these differences.
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μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 데 도움이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
10:25
The second this I want you to do is to leave some examples
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두 λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” λŒ“κΈ€λž€μ— λ‹¨μˆœ 과거와 ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œμ˜ λͺ‡ 가지 예λ₯Ό λ‚¨κΈ°λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
10:29
of the simple past and the present perfect
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10:32
in the comments section.
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.
10:33
This will help you practice,
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜λ©΄ μ—°μŠ΅ν•˜λŠ” 데 도움이 될
10:35
but it's also going to help other learners too
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뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ λ‹€λ₯Έ ν•™μŠ΅μžμ—κ²Œλ„ 도움이 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:38
because they'll see other examples
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λ‹€λ₯Έ ν•™μŠ΅μžκ°€ λ‹€λ₯Έ 예λ₯Ό λ³Ό 수 있고
10:41
and examples are the best way for you to understand
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μ˜ˆκ°€ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 차이λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” κ°€μž₯ 쒋은 방법이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
10:45
this difference.
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.
10:46
I'll go and correct any mistakes that I see
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μ œκ°€ λ³Έ 였λ₯˜λŠ”
10:48
as much as I can.
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μ΅œλŒ€ν•œ μˆ˜μ •ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:49
And finally, watch the lesson, which will be on your screen
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ, μž μ‹œ ν›„ 화면에 ν‘œμ‹œλ  μˆ˜μ—…μ„ μ‹œμ²­ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
10:54
in a second, that goes through the difference between
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10:57
the present perfect simple and continuous
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λ‹¨μˆœ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œμ™€ μ§„ν–‰ν˜• ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œμ˜ 차이점을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
10:59
because this will give you a greater understanding
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11:02
of how to use the present perfect
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 방법
11:04
and that is where most mistakes come from.
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κ³Ό λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ‹€μˆ˜κ°€ 여기에 ν•΄λ‹Ήν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ—μ„œ μ˜¨λ‹€.
11:07
So, click that video now.
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이제 ν•΄λ‹Ή λΉ„λ””μ˜€λ₯Ό ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
11:09
Go ahead and watch it (upbeat instrumental music)
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κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ μ‹œμ²­ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ (κ²½μΎŒν•œ κΈ°μ•…)
11:11
or if you prefer watch my latest video,
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λ˜λŠ” 화면에도 ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” λ‚΄ μ΅œμ‹  λΉ„λ””μ˜€λ₯Ό μ„ ν˜Έν•˜λŠ” 경우
11:13
which is on your screen too.
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.
11:15
If you're new here please subscribe
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처음 μ˜€μ…¨λ‹€λ©΄ ꡬ독
11:17
and get notifications.
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κ³Ό μ•Œλ¦Όμ„ λ°›μ•„λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
11:19
Thank you so much for watching.
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μ‹œμ²­ν•΄μ£Όμ…”μ„œ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:21
(upbeat instrumental music)
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(κ²½μΎŒν•œ κΈ°μ•…)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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