How Farmworkers Are Fighting Extreme Heat | Jon Esformes and Gerardo Reyes Chávez | TED

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Shelley Tsang 曾雯海

Jon Esformes: Gerardo and I are here today as a farmer and a farm worker,

喬恩‧艾斯佛梅斯：今天我和赫拉多 是以農場主和農工的身分來此，

to share with you how we turned decades of conflict

要和大家分享我們 如何將數十年的衝突

into a collaborative partnership

轉成合作夥伴關係，

and positioned ourselves to meet the challenges of climate change.

以及如何調整我們自己的定位 來因應氣候變遷的挑戰。

Gerardo, it's great to be here with you today

赫拉多，很高興今天 能和你一起來到這裡，

in this air-conditioned auditorium,

能在有冷氣的會堂裡，

not our normal workplace in the fields of south Florida.

而不是我們平常的工作場所： 南佛羅里達州的田地。

Gerardo Reyes Chavez: This place is definitely nice, Jon.

赫拉多‧雷耶斯‧夏維茲： 這裡真的很棒，喬恩。

I'm really glad to be here today.

我真的很高興今天能來這裡。

Especially because of what we are here to talk about, you know.

特別是因為我們來這裡要談的主題，

Talking about what we have done

來談我們做了什麼

to make sure that the fields are safer and more humane for workers.

以確保田地更安全，

且對勞工更人道。

It's a very important thing to me personally.

這對我個人來說這是非常重要的。

Because when we first started our partnership 14 years ago,

因為當我們在十四年前 初次開始合作時，

I was working harvesting watermelons in northern part of the state in Florida,

我在佛羅里達州北部採收西瓜，

near Alabama.

地點很靠近阿拉巴馬。

And when we were working there,

我們在那裡工作時，

I almost lost my best friend to heat.

我差點因為高溫失去我最好的朋友。

I remember this as if it happened yesterday.

這件事我記憶猶新。

It was the beginning of summer, before noon,

夏天才剛開始，時間是在中午之前，

but temperatures were already in the 90s,

但溫度已經高達三十二度，

so it was hot as hell.

真的熱爆了。

As farm workers, we were harvesting watermelons like we usually do.

我們農工跟往常一樣採收西瓜。

We were playing back and forward to not think about how hard the work was,

我們不斷來回奔波， 才不會去想這工作有多辛苦，

when suddenly my best friend, someone I consider my brother,

突然，我最好的朋友，

我視為兄弟的人，

collapsed in front of me,

在我面前倒下了，

unconscious and unmoving,

他失去了意識，動也不動，

除了偶爾會抽筋。

except for occasional spasms.

That was very scary for all of us.

我們所有人都非常害怕。

We tried to call an ambulance.

我們試著叫救護車。

Reception was limited.

收訊不是很好。

We tried to cool him as much as we could

我們盡可能讓他冷卻下來， 不讓他受到日照，

and protect him from the sun with our own shirts.

用我們自己的衣服擋陽光。

We used water and placed a hat on top of him.

我們用水，並把帽子放在他身上。

But those were very scary moments.

但那時候真的很可怕。

Luckily, he came to once the ambulance arrived.

幸運的是，救護車 到達時他也醒來了。

I went with him to the hospital.

我陪他去醫院。

There ...

在那裡……

They said that he had severe dehydration and gave him an IV.

他們說他嚴重脫水，給他打點滴。

We were back with the crew within a few hours,

幾個小時內我們就和 我們的人一起回去了，

and the next day we went back to work.

隔天我們就返回工作崗位。

But the fear we all felt that day was all too real,

但那天我們所有人感受到的恐懼

實在太真實、

too close and too personal.

太切身、太個人了。

That's why this conversation is so important to me.

這就是為什麼這場談話 對我十分重要。

Today, I'm proud to work with the Coalition of Immokalee Workers, or CIW,

現在，

我很自豪能與伊莫卡利勞工聯盟合作，

該聯盟簡稱 CIW，

a farm worker-based human rights organization in Immokalee, Florida,

是個以農工為基礎的人權組織，

位在佛羅里達州 伊莫卡利，旨在保護勞工，

that protects workers from dangerous and abusive conditions.

避免危險和虐待的工作環境。

An organization I joined 25 years ago

我二十五年前加入這個組織，

when I came to the United States to work in the fields.

那時我來到美國，在田地工作。

For the next decade,

在接下來的十年，

we were organizing in a campaign, the campaign for Fair Food,

我們在組織一項 關於食品公平的活動，

asking corporations to sign legally-binding agreements

要求企業簽署具有法律效力的協定，

that eventually led us to this collaboration.

最終，促成了我們的合作。

But it wasn't until 2010 when we finally came together.

但要到 2010 年我們 才終於團結在一起。

Farm workers and farmers,

農工和農場主，

following nearly two decades of bitter conflict

在經過近二十年的激烈衝突之後，

in a groundbreaking new human rights enforcement program

在一個開創性的全新人權執行計畫

called the Fair Food Program, or FFP.

「公平食品計畫 （FFP）」中團結起來。

In the 14 years since its inception,

在計畫成立之後的十四年間，

我們已經利用了世界上十四間

our program has leveraged the massive market power

of 14 of the largest retail food corporations in the world

最大的零售食物企業的 強大市場力量，

to empower farm workers to identify problems

讓農工有能力去辨識出問題，

and report them when they happen.

並在問題發生時通報。

To protect workers and give the programs human rights standards real teeth,

為了保護勞工並讓計畫的 人權標準能真正發揮效用，

the FFP harness this massive market power of buyers

FFP 利用買家的強大市場力量，

and reward growers who respect the workers rights

並獎勵能夠尊重勞工權利的種植者，

to stop buying from farms where workers were being mistreated.

停止向不當對待勞工的農場購買。

With those new market incentives in place, the results were spectacular.

隨著這些新的市場獎勵措施實施，

結果非常壯觀。

Before long, the worst abuses stopped altogether,

沒多久，

最糟糕的虐待全都沒了，

and the Fair Food Program

而「食品公平計畫」

was called the best workplace environment in American agriculture

被稱為美國農業中 最棒的工作場所環境，

on the front page of The New York Times.

登上《紐約時報》的頭版。

Our program, among other things,

我們的計畫做了很多，包括

keeps farm workers safe from heat stress,

保障農工安全，

在溫度經常高過三十五度的地方 也不用承受高溫的壓力。

where temperatures regularly climb well over 95 degrees.

We're speaking with you today because in 2022

今天在這裡跟各位談這些， 是因為 2022 年，

we came up with comprehensive and enforceable standards

我們制訂了全面 且可執行的標準，搭配

with a plan for heat stress,

高溫壓力、疾病預防及因應計畫。

illness prevention and response.

That was added into the FFP to protect workers from that heat.

那被納入到 FFP 當中， 保護勞工免於高溫。

The standards The Washington Post

最近，《華盛頓郵報》稱這些標準為

recently called "America's strongest workplace heat rules."

「美國最強的工作場上高溫規定」。

But make no mistake,

但別誤會，

conditions outside the Fair Food Program are still rough.

FFP 以外的環境條件仍然很艱困。

On a good day, farm labor is hard,

在好的時候，農場勞務就是辛苦、

back-breaking and dangerous work

勞累，且危險的工作，

for too little pay or protection.

且薪酬太低或保障太少。

And on a bad day, workers face outrageous abuses,

在不好的時候，勞工 面對的是過份的虐待，

from wage theft and sexual harassment

從工資盜竊和性騷擾，

to forced labor and heat stroke.

到強迫勞動和中暑。

Why?

為什麼？

因為勞工害怕說出來。

Because workers are afraid of speaking up.

Because when they speak up they will be fired, or worse.

因為如果他們說出來， 他們會被解僱，或更糟。

Fear of retaliation has kept many workers from speaking up

怕被報復的恐懼，讓許多勞工

不敢說出他們面對的嚴重剝削

in the face of gross exploitation and abuse for generations.

以及虐待，數世代都是如此。

Farm workers, like all outdoor workers,

農工和所有戶外勞工一樣，

are the canaries in our collective coal mine

在我們面對越來越嚴重的 真實氣候變遷後果時，

扮演我們集體煤礦中的金絲雀。

as we face the growing real consequences of climate change.

If we are to protect the most vulnerable workers,

如果我們要保護最脆弱的勞工，

最重要的勞工，

the most essential workers, from the deadly heat and exploitation,

避免承受致命的高溫和剝削，

we need to change the relationship between workers and their employers.

我們就得改變勞工與雇主之間的關係。

We know the only way to do that is by collaborating together.

我們知道要達到此目的的 唯一方法就是共同合作。

JE: Brother, I'm always in awe of your story

喬恩：兄弟，我一直 很敬佩你的故事，

and the distance we've traveled.

也很驚嘆我們經歷了這麼多。

It's hard to imagine that our first cup of coffee 14 years ago

很難想像，十四年前我們 第一次一起喝了杯咖啡，

led to this collaboration and this partnership.

結果導致了這樣的合作 和這合夥關係。

Two hours of hanging out,

混在一起兩個小時，

and we broke through decades of conflict.

我們就突破了數十年的衝突。

But it always wasn't easy, was it?

但這總是並不容易，是嗎？

GRC: It was not easy at all.

赫拉多：一點也不容易。

But I'm really glad we were able to sit at that table

但我真的很高興 我們在開始這些對話時

能同桌坐下來談談。

and talk when we started these conversations.

JE: I was a lot younger in that picture.

喬恩：我在那張照片裡年輕許多。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

GRC: That is also true.

赫拉多：那也是真的。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

JE: Two months of lawyers negotiating an NDA

喬恩：律師們花了兩個月 協商出一份保密協議，

just so we could meet.

只是為了我們能見面。

And there lies a problem.

這裡可以看到一個問題。

An entire culture built up to keep employees and employers apart.

有一整個文化

被建立起來，就為了 將雇主和員工分離開來。

And "us and them" attitude

還有「我們和他們」的態度， 我朋友葛雷格‧艾斯貝德親切地稱為

that my friend Greg Asbed fondly calls "our separate foxholes."

「我們各自的防空洞」。

After that meeting,

那次見面之後，

we boarded the same boat and started rowing together.

我們登上同一艘船， 並開始一起划船。

My path was different than Gerardo's.

我走過的路與赫拉多不同。

I grew up working in packing houses and farms as a kid

我成長過程都在包裝廠和農場工作，

從小時候一直到年輕的時候。

and then later as a young man.

Along the way, I developed a liking for booze and dope,

過程中，我發展出 對酒精和毒品的喜愛，

導致我嚴重成癮，

which led me deep into addiction,

costing me my career, my family

代價是我的職涯和家庭，

and very nearly my life.

差點連性命也賠上了。

After several years, I was one of the fortunate,

幾年後，我是很幸運的人之一，

and I found recovery.

我逐漸康復。

In my early sobriety,

在我戒酒的初期，

I did the work required through the steps of Alcoholics Anonymous,

我依照匿名戒酒會的步驟， 做了必要的工作，

and it was that work and those lessons which opened my eyes to the world

正是那些工作和教訓， 讓我對世界開了眼界，

and helped me to understand the intentional blindness

並幫助我了解

我曾經也是蓄意裝盲裝聾的一份子。

and deafness that I had been a part of.

To be clear,

讓我說清楚，

I'm a 61-year-old guy

我現在六十一歲，

who was once part of the problem.

我曾經是問題的一部分。

And now I try to be part of the solution.

現在我在試圖成為 解決方案的一部分。

We're all guilty of this blindness,

對這種裝盲裝聾的情況， 我們全都有責任，

this blindness and this deafness.

Anyone in this room asked before you came to the event

在座有任何人來參加 這場活動時，有事先問過

whether this was a green building?

這棟建築是綠色建築嗎？

GRC: No one?

赫拉多：沒有人？ 喬恩：剛才的是問句。

JE: That's a question.

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

I know I didn't.

我知道我沒有問就來了。

What's powering these lights and the air conditioning?

這些燈光和空調是靠什麼供電？

And hearing the facts, are we willing to do anything about it,

聽到事實之後，我們 願意採取任何行動嗎？

or do we just need it to work?

還是我們只希望 表面能順利運作就好？

That's the blindness I'm referring to.

這就是我指的裝盲。

You know, one of the best lessons I ever had

我曾經學過最棒的教訓之一就是聽說

was hearing that if I'm having a conversation with myself,

如果我和自己談話， 會發現我是個很糟糕的伴。

I'm in very, very bad company.

This collaboration, Gerardo,

赫拉多，我們的合作

keeps me from having those conversations by myself.

讓我不用自己進行那些談話。 所以，這點要感謝你。

So thank you for that.

In 2010, when we partnered,

2010 年，當我們合夥時，

a lot of folks said we were crazy.

很多人都說我們瘋了。

And maybe we were.

也許真的是。

I mean, farmers and farm workers together,

農場主和農工團結起來，

一起確保工作場所的公平和安全。

coming together to ensure a fair and safe workplace.

That's nuts.

那真的很狂。

Within a few months, the evidence was clear

幾個月內就有證據清楚顯示

that the program worked,

這個計畫行得通，

且農場的文化正在發生改變。

and the culture on the farms was changing.

I want to share a quick story

我想快速分享一個故事，

about what this has meant to my farms and operations.

說明這對我的農場 和營運有著什麼意義。

In 2017, Hurricane Irma hit south Florida,

2017 年，颶風艾瑪來勢洶洶， 襲擊了佛羅里達州南部，

came ripping through,

摧毀了路上經過的社區， 摧毀了一切。

destroying communities in its path.

Everything.

什麼都逃不過它，

Nothing was immune,

whether it was fancy hotels on the beach,

不論是在海灘上的酷炫飯店、

homes, businesses.

住家、企業。

These pictures here, that's my farm.

在這些照片上的是我的農場。

That's a building that blew up as a result of Hurricane Irma.

這棟建築物因為 伊瑪颶風而發生爆炸。

The day after Irma hit the farm and hit all of south Florida,

在伊瑪侵襲農場 和南佛羅里達州的隔天，

with businesses reeling and homes destroyed,

企業受到重創，家園被摧毀，

our workers showed up at the farm

就在隔天，我們的勞工 還是都出現在農場，

the very next day,

wanting to know what needed to be done.

想知道需要做些什麼。

These are folks who lost their homes.

這些人失去了他們的家園。

These are folks who didn't know

這些人下一餐的熱食都還沒有著落。

where their next hot meal was going to come from.

Worried about what the farm needed.

他們卻擔心農場需要什麼。

I need you all to take that in.

我要請各位好好消化一下這個故事。

Because I'm getting chills right now with that memory.

因為現在回想起來那段往事 我都感到一陣寒意。

That was a powerful day for us.

對我們來說，那天是很強大的一天。

We'd had the evidence of this collaboration working.

我們有證據證明 這種合作是行得通的。

But in that moment,

但在那一刻，

it was very clear we were in the boat together,

非常清楚我們是在同一條船上，

and we were rowing together.

且我們都在一起划船。

那個農場是大家的農場，

And that farm was everybody's farm and everybody's livelihood.

是大家的生計。

Within three days,

在三天內，

that farm was cleaned up and replanted.

農場都清理乾淨也完成重新種植了。

Weeks before power was restored to the general area.

比整個地區的電力恢復 還要快了數週。

That experience in the face of catastrophe

那次面對災難的經歷 證明了合夥關係的力量，

proves the power of partnership to meet and prevail over any challenge.

能夠應對和戰勝任何挑戰。

So let's talk about challenges.

因此，咱們來談談挑戰。

Folks, the world ain't warming --

各位，世界不是在暖化——

the world is hot.

世界就是很熱。

Just a couple of days ago,

就在幾天前，聯合國秘書長

the general secretary of the United Nations

said the world is on "a highway to climate hell."

說世界正在「通往 氣候地獄的高速公路」上，

There's been reports that over the last 12 months,

據報導，在過去十二個月中，

each of the last 12 months was the hottest month on record.

每一個月都創紀錄成為最熱的月份。

Pick any April, this April was the hottest month on record.

和記錄中各年的四月相比， 今年的四月是最熱的四月。

我的其中一個大型農場位在 佛羅里達州中部的馬納提郡，

Just this past May in Manatee County,

where one of my large farms is, in central Florida,

今年五月，在那裡，

春季收穫期間最熱月份的 紀錄被打破了。

recorded its hottest month on record

in the midst of the spring harvest.

Temperatures were regularly above 90 degrees

溫度經常高於三十二度，

with heat indexes over 100.

酷熱指數超過一百。

Guess what?

猜猜如何？

Our mandatory 10-minute breaks every two hours,

我們強制每兩小時休息十分鐘、

our buddy system,

我們的搭擋制度、

our supervisor and worker training,

我們的主管及勞工培訓、

our unrestricted access to shade and cold water,

我們不限制的勞工 去乘涼和取用冷水、

our water infused with electrolytes --

我們在水中加入電解質—— 因為，各位猜猜如何——

because guess what, folks,

科學說電解質

the science says electrolytes

help replace what the body needs --

能協助補足身體所需——

those all worked.

這些通通奏效了。

We kept people safe, and tomatoes got picked.

我們確保了大家的安全， 蕃茄也都採收完了。

You know Gerardo,

赫拉多，你知道嗎，我們的 合夥關係中最令人愉悅的經驗之一

one of the most gratifying experiences to come from our partnership

is the expansion of the Fair Food Program.

就是擴展食品公平計畫。

And the interest in the model that comes from all over the world.

世界各地都有人對此模型感興趣。

Some of my best days are spent talking to Scottish and Chilean fishermen,

我最棒的經歷包括 和蘇格蘭及智利漁民交談

who visited us with a desire to replicate what we've built

他們來訪問我們，希望 能複製我們打造的模型，

for their unique challenges.

去因應他們獨特的挑戰。

From tomatoes to flowers to seafood,

從蕃茄，到花朵，到海鮮，

we've created the basis for real and sustainable change.

我們已經為實質 且永續的變革打下基礎。

合夥和合作，

Partnership and collaboration

are the only hope we have if we're going to survive climate change,

是我們在氣候變遷下 生存的唯一希望，

so we all better get out of the fucking foxholes.

所以我們大家最好走出 那該死的防空洞。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And get into the same boat and start rowing.

然後登上同一艘船並開始划船。

And by the way,

順道一提，我們會需要更大的船。

we're going to need a bigger boat.

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

GRC: You're absolutely right, Jon.

赫拉多：你說的沒錯，喬恩。

Although it was a little hard to understand that delegation

雖然有點難理解

那個來自蘇格蘭的代表團。

that came from Scotland.

But they were very lovely.

但是他們人很好。

And we are really excited that this collaboration is ongoing.

這項合作正在進行中， 我們對此感到很興奮。

And we are going to need a bigger boat.

我們需要更大的船，但也需要 有更多人和我們一起上船。

But we are also going to need more people on that boat with us.

為什麼？

Why?

Because the Fair Food Program has become the blueprint

因為食品公平計畫

已經成為一場二十一世紀 人權革命的藍圖。

for a 21-century human rights revolution.

This is a new model for human rights enforcement

這是個實現人權的新模型，

born in the fields of south Florida,

它在南佛羅里達誕生，

once known as ground zero for modern-day slavery.

那裡曾被稱為現代 奴隸制度的發源地。

The program is now being adapted to the garment sector

現在，孟加拉和賴索托正 在把這個計畫運用到服裝業，

in Bangladesh and Lesotho,

and it continues to grow in multiple industries across the globe

這個計畫也持續擴展到 全球多個產業，

on five continents so far.

目前已遍及五個大洲。

Our work together is a testament that change is possible.

我們一起做的這些，

證明了改變是有可能的。

We dream that transforming conflict into collaboration in other industries,

我們夢想

用同樣這個模型，在其他產業中

將衝突轉化為合作，

with this same model,

empowering more workers to become the frontline monitors

讓更多勞工能夠成為 自身權利的前線監督者，

of their own rights,

just like we did in the fields.

就像我們在田地裡所做的一樣。

Doing that is going to help us create a more modern,

這樣做，將有助於我們創造出更現代

more humane world for millions of workers across the globe.

且更人道的世界， 造福世界各地數百萬名勞工。

I'm confident that if more people join in this with us,

我相信，如果有更多的人 加入我們這個計畫，

we can transform many realities.

我們就可以改變許多現實。

And for all of that, for this opportunity,

為所有這些，為這個機會，

I want to say thank you.

我要謝謝大家。

JE: Thank you.

喬恩：謝謝大家。

(Applause)

（掌聲）