How Farmworkers Are Fighting Extreme Heat | Jon Esformes and Gerardo Reyes Chávez | TED

Jon Esformes: Gerardo and I are here today as a farmer and a farm worker,

to share with you how we turned decades of conflict

into a collaborative partnership

and positioned ourselves to meet the challenges of climate change.

Gerardo, it's great to be here with you today

in this air-conditioned auditorium,

not our normal workplace in the fields of south Florida.

Gerardo Reyes Chavez: This place is definitely nice, Jon.

I'm really glad to be here today.

Especially because of what we are here to talk about, you know.

Talking about what we have done

to make sure that the fields are safer and more humane for workers.

It's a very important thing to me personally.

Because when we first started our partnership 14 years ago,

I was working harvesting watermelons in northern part of the state in Florida,

near Alabama.

And when we were working there,

I almost lost my best friend to heat.

I remember this as if it happened yesterday.

It was the beginning of summer, before noon,

but temperatures were already in the 90s,

so it was hot as hell.

As farm workers, we were harvesting watermelons like we usually do.

We were playing back and forward to not think about how hard the work was,

when suddenly my best friend, someone I consider my brother,

collapsed in front of me,

unconscious and unmoving,

except for occasional spasms.

That was very scary for all of us.

We tried to call an ambulance.

Reception was limited.

We tried to cool him as much as we could

and protect him from the sun with our own shirts.

We used water and placed a hat on top of him.

But those were very scary moments.

Luckily, he came to once the ambulance arrived.

I went with him to the hospital.

There ...

They said that he had severe dehydration and gave him an IV.

We were back with the crew within a few hours,

and the next day we went back to work.

But the fear we all felt that day was all too real,

too close and too personal.

That's why this conversation is so important to me.

Today, I'm proud to work with the Coalition of Immokalee Workers, or CIW,

a farm worker-based human rights organization in Immokalee, Florida,

that protects workers from dangerous and abusive conditions.

An organization I joined 25 years ago

when I came to the United States to work in the fields.

For the next decade,

we were organizing in a campaign, the campaign for Fair Food,

asking corporations to sign legally-binding agreements

that eventually led us to this collaboration.

But it wasn't until 2010 when we finally came together.

Farm workers and farmers,

following nearly two decades of bitter conflict

in a groundbreaking new human rights enforcement program

called the Fair Food Program, or FFP.

In the 14 years since its inception,

our program has leveraged the massive market power

of 14 of the largest retail food corporations in the world

to empower farm workers to identify problems

and report them when they happen.

To protect workers and give the programs human rights standards real teeth,

the FFP harness this massive market power of buyers

and reward growers who respect the workers rights

to stop buying from farms where workers were being mistreated.

With those new market incentives in place, the results were spectacular.

Before long, the worst abuses stopped altogether,

and the Fair Food Program

was called the best workplace environment in American agriculture

on the front page of The New York Times.

Our program, among other things,

keeps farm workers safe from heat stress,

where temperatures regularly climb well over 95 degrees.

We're speaking with you today because in 2022

we came up with comprehensive and enforceable standards

with a plan for heat stress,

illness prevention and response.

That was added into the FFP to protect workers from that heat.

The standards The Washington Post

recently called "America's strongest workplace heat rules."

But make no mistake,

conditions outside the Fair Food Program are still rough.

On a good day, farm labor is hard,

back-breaking and dangerous work

for too little pay or protection.

And on a bad day, workers face outrageous abuses,

from wage theft and sexual harassment

to forced labor and heat stroke.

Why?

Because workers are afraid of speaking up.

Because when they speak up they will be fired, or worse.

Fear of retaliation has kept many workers from speaking up

in the face of gross exploitation and abuse for generations.

Farm workers, like all outdoor workers,

are the canaries in our collective coal mine

as we face the growing real consequences of climate change.

If we are to protect the most vulnerable workers,

the most essential workers, from the deadly heat and exploitation,

we need to change the relationship between workers and their employers.

We know the only way to do that is by collaborating together.

JE: Brother, I'm always in awe of your story

and the distance we've traveled.

It's hard to imagine that our first cup of coffee 14 years ago

led to this collaboration and this partnership.

Two hours of hanging out,

and we broke through decades of conflict.

But it always wasn't easy, was it?

GRC: It was not easy at all.

But I'm really glad we were able to sit at that table

and talk when we started these conversations.

JE: I was a lot younger in that picture.

(Laughter)

GRC: That is also true.

(Laughter)

JE: Two months of lawyers negotiating an NDA

just so we could meet.

And there lies a problem.

An entire culture built up to keep employees and employers apart.

And "us and them" attitude

that my friend Greg Asbed fondly calls "our separate foxholes."

After that meeting,

we boarded the same boat and started rowing together.

My path was different than Gerardo's.

I grew up working in packing houses and farms as a kid

and then later as a young man.

Along the way, I developed a liking for booze and dope,

which led me deep into addiction,

costing me my career, my family

and very nearly my life.

After several years, I was one of the fortunate,

and I found recovery.

In my early sobriety,

I did the work required through the steps of Alcoholics Anonymous,

and it was that work and those lessons which opened my eyes to the world

and helped me to understand the intentional blindness

and deafness that I had been a part of.

To be clear,

I'm a 61-year-old guy

who was once part of the problem.

And now I try to be part of the solution.

We're all guilty of this blindness,

this blindness and this deafness.

Anyone in this room asked before you came to the event

whether this was a green building?

GRC: No one?

JE: That's a question.

(Laughter)

I know I didn't.

What's powering these lights and the air conditioning?

And hearing the facts, are we willing to do anything about it,

or do we just need it to work?

That's the blindness I'm referring to.

You know, one of the best lessons I ever had

was hearing that if I'm having a conversation with myself,

I'm in very, very bad company.

This collaboration, Gerardo,

keeps me from having those conversations by myself.

So thank you for that.

In 2010, when we partnered,

a lot of folks said we were crazy.

And maybe we were.

I mean, farmers and farm workers together,

coming together to ensure a fair and safe workplace.

That's nuts.

Within a few months, the evidence was clear

that the program worked,

and the culture on the farms was changing.

I want to share a quick story

about what this has meant to my farms and operations.

In 2017, Hurricane Irma hit south Florida,

came ripping through,

destroying communities in its path.

Everything.

Nothing was immune,

whether it was fancy hotels on the beach,

homes, businesses.

These pictures here, that's my farm.

That's a building that blew up as a result of Hurricane Irma.

The day after Irma hit the farm and hit all of south Florida,

with businesses reeling and homes destroyed,

our workers showed up at the farm

the very next day,

wanting to know what needed to be done.

These are folks who lost their homes.

These are folks who didn't know

where their next hot meal was going to come from.

Worried about what the farm needed.

I need you all to take that in.

Because I'm getting chills right now with that memory.

That was a powerful day for us.

We'd had the evidence of this collaboration working.

But in that moment,

it was very clear we were in the boat together,

and we were rowing together.

And that farm was everybody's farm and everybody's livelihood.

Within three days,

that farm was cleaned up and replanted.

Weeks before power was restored to the general area.

That experience in the face of catastrophe

proves the power of partnership to meet and prevail over any challenge.

So let's talk about challenges.

Folks, the world ain't warming --

the world is hot.

Just a couple of days ago,

the general secretary of the United Nations

said the world is on "a highway to climate hell."

There's been reports that over the last 12 months,

each of the last 12 months was the hottest month on record.

Pick any April, this April was the hottest month on record.

Just this past May in Manatee County,

where one of my large farms is, in central Florida,

recorded its hottest month on record

in the midst of the spring harvest.

Temperatures were regularly above 90 degrees

with heat indexes over 100.

Guess what?

Our mandatory 10-minute breaks every two hours,

our buddy system,

our supervisor and worker training,

our unrestricted access to shade and cold water,

our water infused with electrolytes --

because guess what, folks,

the science says electrolytes

help replace what the body needs --

those all worked.

We kept people safe, and tomatoes got picked.

You know Gerardo,

one of the most gratifying experiences to come from our partnership

is the expansion of the Fair Food Program.

And the interest in the model that comes from all over the world.

Some of my best days are spent talking to Scottish and Chilean fishermen,

who visited us with a desire to replicate what we've built

for their unique challenges.

From tomatoes to flowers to seafood,

we've created the basis for real and sustainable change.

Partnership and collaboration

are the only hope we have if we're going to survive climate change,

so we all better get out of the fucking foxholes.

(Laughter)

And get into the same boat and start rowing.

And by the way,

we're going to need a bigger boat.

(Laughter)

GRC: You're absolutely right, Jon.

Although it was a little hard to understand that delegation

that came from Scotland.

But they were very lovely.

And we are really excited that this collaboration is ongoing.

And we are going to need a bigger boat.

But we are also going to need more people on that boat with us.

Why?

Because the Fair Food Program has become the blueprint

for a 21-century human rights revolution.

This is a new model for human rights enforcement

born in the fields of south Florida,

once known as ground zero for modern-day slavery.

The program is now being adapted to the garment sector

in Bangladesh and Lesotho,

and it continues to grow in multiple industries across the globe

on five continents so far.

Our work together is a testament that change is possible.

We dream that transforming conflict into collaboration in other industries,

with this same model,

empowering more workers to become the frontline monitors

of their own rights,

just like we did in the fields.

Doing that is going to help us create a more modern,

more humane world for millions of workers across the globe.

I'm confident that if more people join in this with us,

we can transform many realities.

And for all of that, for this opportunity,

I want to say thank you.

JE: Thank you.

(Applause)