How Business Can Drive Solutions to Social Problems | Carlos Rodríguez-Pastor | TED

翻译人员: Carousel. J 校对人员: Lening Xu

Corey Hajim: I'm so excited to be here today with Carlos.

Corey Hajim:很高兴今天能受邀 与卡洛斯（Carlos）同台。

He's a leader I really admire,

他是一位我很尊敬的领导者，

because he uses his business acumen to take on big challenges,

因为他用自己的商业头脑 来应对巨大的挑战，

and he's done so in his home country of Peru and beyond.

在他的家乡秘鲁以及其他地方 都有着辉煌的成就。

He has built a group of affordable schools called Innova,

他创办学费低廉的学校Innova，

and they serve about 65,000 students.

容纳了 65000 名学生。

He also has a chain of maternity health-care clinics,

他还拥有一系列产科保健诊所，

he's taken on infrastructure projects and public-private partnerships,

除此以外，他也从事 基础设施项目和公私合作等。

among other things.

Now I have to tell you,

现在我要告诉各位的是，

it's taken me a couple of years to convince Carlos to come speak with us

我花了好几年说服卡洛斯 来TED给大家演讲，

here at TED.

He's not really a spotlight guy.

他不是一个热衷于曝光的人。

You're more likely to find him doing deep research,

你更多的看到的是 他在进行某项深入研究，

"Undercover Boss" style,

践行“卧底老板”风，

than talking about his work in the glossy pages of business magazines.

而不是在商业杂志的精美版面上 谈论他的工作。

Not that he doesn't deserve to be there -- he really does.

当然不是他不够资格-- 他一定是够格的。

And so we're so lucky to have him here with us today

因此我们今天十分幸运 能让他和我们一起，

to tell us more about what he’s done, how he’s done it

告诉我们他做过什么， 是如何做到的，

and what we can learn from it.

以及我们能从中汲取的经验。

So thanks for being here, Carlos.

谢谢你今天的到来，卡洛斯。

Carlos Rodriguez-Pastor: Thanks, Corey, glad to be here.

卡洛斯·罗德里格斯-帕斯托： 谢谢你，科里，我很荣幸今天能来。

(Applause)

（掌声）

CH: Let's start with education. What was the problem you saw there?

CH：我们先从教育开始吧。 你在教育领域看到了哪些问题呢？

CRP: So let me just put it in context and tell you a little bit about Peru.

CRP：我从具体的事例开始讲吧， 给大家介绍一些关于秘鲁的概况。

Peru is a middle-income country.

秘鲁是一个中等收入的国家。

It's right in the middle of South America, on the Pacific Coast.

它位于太平沿海岸，南美洲中部。

And from 1990 to 2017,

从 1990 年到 2017 年，

我们的经济增长率接近 5%，

we grew our economy close to five percent,

so it's one of the fastest-growing economies in the world,

是世界上增长最快的经济体之一，

and certainly the fastest in South America.

当然在南美洲也是最快的。

At the same time,

同时，

the poverty rate came down from 55 percent to 25 percent.

贫困率从 55% 降至 25% 。

So we were feeling pretty good

所以我们对秘鲁发生的这一切感觉很好，

about all the things that were going on in Peru,

and it seemed like there was a possibility that eventually,

似乎有一种可能，

25 years from now,

在 25 年后，

we could become a developed country.

我们能成为发达国家。

But there are a lot of hurdles along the way

但为了实现这一目标， 我们必须克服很多障碍。

that we have to overcome in order to get there.

And some of them include the basic things that happen in most developing countries,

其中一些包括大多数发展中国家 出现的基本情况，

like education, health care, infrastructure.

例如教育、医疗、基础设施。

Now during the same time, I remember, in about 2007,

我记得就在 2007 年，

they did an assessment of all the public school teachers,

他们对所有公立学校的教师进行了评估，

and the results were not very encouraging.

结果并不是十分理想。

A very small percentage passed basic math, basic reading comprehension.

极少数教师通过了 基础数学和基础阅读理解。

And in the year 2000,

2000 年，

we were ranked last in the PISA rankings,

我们在PISA排名中位列最后一名，

which are these rankings for 15-year-old kids

这些是各国 15 岁儿童的排名。

in various countries.

And 12 years later, we were also dead last.

12 年后，我们还是倒数第一。

So despite all this growth,

所以尽管其他领域在不断发展，

we had a real issue, to improve our education system.

我们仍要面对一个真实的状况， 改善我们的教育体系。

And so we decided to get involved,

因此我们团队决定参与其中，

to understand what was going on,

去了解到底发生了什么，

because it was obvious that we could not become a developed country

因为很显然，

如果没有世界一流的教育和医疗， 我们无法成为一个发达国家。

without having world-class education and health care.

CH: And you said that the public schools were in rough shape.

CH：你之前说到公立学校的外观 看起来很粗糙，

We wanted to share a photo of the state of the public schools.

我们想和大家分享 一张公立学校的现状照片。

And you were saying it's not just the way it looks,

你也说到外观没那么重要，

it was what was going on inside.

重要的是内在条件？

CRP: So this is a typical public school we saw when we started our research.

CRP：这是我们开始研究时 看到的一所典型的公立学校。

You can see it kind of looks dark outside,

从外面看，它是有些暗的，

but what's worse is what's going on inside.

但更糟糕的是它的内在条件。

Kids aren't learning.

孩子们没有学习。

Low attendance, low engagement and poor quality.

出勤率低，参与度低，而且成绩差。

And as a result of these public schools,

由于这些公立学校的糟糕状况，

a lot of small, informal private schools started popping up all over the country.

许多小型、非正式的私立学校 开始在全国各地出现。

And they were just as bad as some of the public schools.

它们和那些公立学校同样的糟糕。

And they have catchy names, right?

他们的名字很吸引人，对吧？

(Laughter)

（笑声）

CRP: And here's another one with a catchy name.

CRP：这里还有一所更具具吸引力的。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

CH: Some of you may have gone there.

CH:你们可能有些人去过。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

CRP: And so when we did our "Undercover Boss" research,

所以当我们在进行“卧底老板”调查时，

we went to one of these schools.

我们去过其中一所。

I remember going with a couple of colleagues

我记得那时我和几个同事一同前去，

and asking a lot of questions to the person who gave us the tour.

问了给我们带路的那个人很多问题。

She didn't believe that we were parents

她不相信我们是家长，

with kids looking to go into those schools.

为了孩子的教育去考察那些学校。

She was getting suspicious and asked us to please leave,

她开始怀疑，并请我们离开，

because she was the director and also the owner.

因为她便是那所学校的负责人， 同时也是创办者。

And before we left, we asked her one final question,

在她离开前， 我们问了她最后一个问题，

and that is "Why did you decide to do a private school?"

就是“你为什么决定 创办一所私立学校？”

And her answer surprised us.

她的回答使我们大吃一惊。

She said, "Because it's more profitable than a Chinese food restaurant."

她回答道“因为私立学校 比中餐厅更赚钱“。

Now, sadly, this is the level of commitment

遗憾的是，这是许多私立学校的承诺水准。

in a lot of these private schools.

So we decided it's time to do something about this.

所以，所以我们决定是时候做点什么了。

CH: Not quite the right motivation.

CH：并非完全正确的动机。

Education is so complicated,

教育是复杂的，

so when you started this journey, what were your goals?

所以当你决定这么做时， 你的目标是什么？

CRP: I didn't know anything about education,

CRP: 我对教育一无所知，

except from being a student and a consumer of it for many years,

除了做了多年的学生以及教育消费者，

so the first thing I did -- and this is a true story --

所以我做的第一件事—— 这是一个真实的故事——

I watched every TED Talk on education.

我看完了TED上关于教育的所有演讲。

CH: I promise, it's not a plant.

CH:我发誓，这绝对不是事先对好的台本。

CRP: And then started reaching out

CRP: 然后开始接触

to the different people I thought were interesting,

各种我认为有趣、 并在学校里有卓越贡献的人。

and were doing wonderful things there.

我在加利福尼亚长大， 在华尔街工作过，

I grew up partly in California, I worked on Wall Street,

so I started looking at my contact list,

于是我开始搜索我的联系人列表，

and I remembered an innovation company that, when I grew up in California,

我记得在我在加利福尼亚的那段时间， 有一家创新型公司，

was always behind a lot of the product innovation.

是很多产品创新的幕后推手。

So I called them up, IDEO.

因此我联系了他们， 一家叫做IDEO的公司。

And with them, along with Sal Khan, who we were introduced with,

和他们，还有新认识的朋友 萨尔·汗（Sal Khan）一起

and some academics from Berkeley and from Harvard,

以及一些伯克利和哈佛的学者，

we put together a system to really try to change education in our country.

我们一同建立了一个体系， 来试图改变我们国家的教育现状。

So in Peru, we have eight million K-12 kids,

在秘鲁，有 800 万 12 年级学生，

and our target was about 1.6 million of those kids over time,

随着时间的推移， 我们的目标是大约 160 万这样的孩子，

which we call the emerging middle class.

我们称之为新兴中产阶级。

And what we codesigned

我们所设计的体系，

was a system that had four characteristics.

拥有四个特性。

The first one, it had to be affordable.

第一，是可负担的。

And by affordable,

对于可负担，

I mean 150 dollars a month for the regular students,

我指的是普通学生每月 150 美金 ，

and for our scholarship students, one dollar a day.

对于那些拿奖学金的学生， 每天 1 美金。

Second, it had to have academic excellence.

第二，在学术上得是卓越的。

These are schools that have to move the needle.

这些学校是要跻身金字塔顶端的，

Otherwise, it doesn't really make sense.

不然毫无意义。

它们具有良好的设计， 是现代的、安全的。

And they're well-designed, they were modern, they were safe.

Third, we wanted a project that was scalable.

第三，我们想要一个可扩展的项目。

Not just to build one or two schools,

不仅仅是建 1、2 所学校，

but why not aspire to build hundreds of schools,

为什么不立志建造数百所学校呢，

and perhaps cross borders and go to other countries.

可能可以跨越国界， 延伸到其他国家。

And fourth, we thought it was very important

第四，也是我们认为十分关键的一点，

that the schools be sustainable.

这些学校应该是可持续发展的。

And "sustainable" is our code word for "profitable."

“可持续“对我们来说就是“获利的”。

CH: So profitability, let's talk a little bit about that.

CH: 那让我们来谈谈盈利能力吧。

Why is that so important?

为什么认为如此重要呢？

Because we talked about the woman and the Chinese restaurant

因为我们谈过 那位女性以及中餐厅，

and that she didn't seem properly motivated.

她看似没有适当的动机。

So why, for you, is profitability so important?

所以，为什么对你来说 收益性如此重要呢？

CRP: I think it's very important,

CRP：我认为是十分重要的，

because that way, we can keep building more schools

因为有了收益， 我们能建更多的学校，

and we can go across borders and keep this project going.

我们能跨越国境， 继续这个项目。

你知道吗，这对老师们来说 是非常雄心勃勃的，

You know, it's very ambitious for the teachers,

so I imagine someday, in some neighboring country, you know,

我设想未来的某一天， 在一些邻国，

a mom and dad having a conversation about where to send their kids to school,

父母谈论该将他们的孩子 送去哪里读书，

and maybe one of the parents says,

然后有一位父母会说，

"What about that school where the Peruvians are teaching?"

“送去秘鲁老师授课的学校怎么样“？

So imagine that,

所以试想一下，

going from last in education in the world

从接受世界上倒数第一的教育，

to being the teachers of our region.

到成长为我们国家的老师。

That would do so much to the self-esteem of our country, Peru.

那将大大提升我们国家--秘鲁的自信。

CH: That goes back to what you said about sustainability:

CH：让我们回到你所说的可持续发展上，

profitability, for you, equals sustainability.

盈利，对你来说便是可持续发展。

There must be some trade-offs that you're making

为了让这些学校实现盈利， 你一定会做出一些权衡。

to make these schools reach profitability.

What are some of those trade-offs?

关于权衡利弊，你做了些什么呢？

CRP: When you start with a fixed price that you can charge,

CRP:确实，当你以一个固定价格开始时，

you can't do everything.

你无法面面俱到做成所有事。

So sometimes, our students have to share tablets,

所以有时候， 我们的学生需要共用平板电脑，

我们没有游泳池，

we don't have swimming pools,

但我们有很不错的空间，

but we have very nice spaces

where kids can learn, they can collaborate.

供孩子们学习、共同合作。

我们采用混合学习的模式，

We use a blended learning model,

which is solo learning and classroom learning.

也就是独立学习和课堂学习。

This is an image of one of our schools,

这是我们其中一所学校的照片，

and the next is an image of our rock-star math teacher,

下一张照片是 我们的摇滚明星数学老师，

in middle school,

他教中学，

Sal Khan.

名叫萨尔·汗。

It's a funny story --

这是一个有趣的故事，

when Sal came to visit us in Peru many years ago,

很多年前， 萨尔来秘鲁拜访我们，

when we were just starting out,

那时我们学校刚刚创办，

he came to our math lab,

他来到我们的数学实验室，

where we have 60 kids and one monitor,

那里有 60 名学生和 1 位督导，

looking and helping the kids that need help.

照看和帮助那些需要帮助的学生。

I was talking to Sal and a couple of other people with him.

我开始和萨尔以及他的同事谈话。

As you know, he never appears in his videos,

你知道的，他从来没有 在视频里露面过，

it's just his voice.

只听过他的声音。

And one of the young kids said, "Hey, that sounds like Sal Khan.

一个孩子说，“那声音听起来 好像萨尔·汗，是他吗？”

Is that Sal?"

And before you knew it, word got around,

如你所知，消息传开了，

and a huge line of kids asking Sal for his autograph.

一大群孩子跑去找萨尔要签名。

You know, their math teacher.

就是他们的数学老师。

(Applause)

（掌声）

CH: It’s a really wonderful story, a nice rock star to have stop by.

CH:真是一个精彩的故事， 一个不错的摇滚新星。

So let’s shift gears a little towards healthcare.

现在，让我们把话题转到医疗。

What did you want to do there, and what have you done in that space?

你在医疗领域想做些什么， 做了些什么呢？

CRP: Healthcare was as broken as the education system.

CRP: 医疗和教育体系一样支离破碎。

Maybe the slight difference is in education,

细微的区别在于，在教育体系，

you have to have a real sense of urgency --

你需要有真正的紧迫感，

otherwise, you miss the entire generation.

否则你会耽误整整一代人。

And in healthcare,

在医疗领域呢，

we are fairly lucky that we still have a young population,

庆幸的是我国人口还很年轻，

so perhaps we have a little more time to go through this.

所以我们还能有较多时间能去解决问题。

But, you know, our healthcare system is universal healthcare.

但你知道吗，我们的医疗体系是全民医疗。

Eight million informal workers have that from the government,

800 万非正式员工从政府获得补贴，

and then four million pay a tax of the formal economy,

400 万正式员工需缴纳税款。

that's slightly better,

这个状况看起来略微好一些，

but this is a typical picture.

但是这张是典型的照片。

You make a long line.

你需要排长队。

Sometimes, it's hours.

有时是几个小时。

There’s a lot of informal ... just like the private schools,

有太多的非正规诊所， 就像私立学校一样，

and they'll offer two-for-one medical procedures ...

有些人可能会两个人只挂一个号...

CH: Bring a friend?

CH: 带朋友吗？

CRP: Exactly. It’s not good quality.

CRP：没错。 显然这不是一个好的做法。

So again, we teamed up with IDEO

我们再次与IDEO和许多不同的机构合作

and a lot of different institutions

to design something for the emerging middle class.

为新兴中产阶级做些贡献。

The first call in Peru is pharmacies.

在秘鲁，“随叫随到”的是药店。

So if you're sick, you go to the pharmacy first,

如果你生病了， 你应该先去药店，

because you'd waste a whole day,

因为不然你会浪费一整天，

and you really can't afford to leave work for a day.

你也无法负担旷工一整天的损失。

So right around the time we started Innova,

因此这时我们启动了Innova，

we got involved in buying a small chain of pharmacies

我们参与收购了一家小型的连锁药店，

that today has 2,300 locations throughout the entire country,

如今这家药店在全国范围内有 2300 家店铺，

including the most remote areas you can imagine, in the Amazon,

包括你能想象到的最偏远的地区，在亚马逊，

where you have to go in canoes and ships to get there.

你需要乘坐独木舟或船只前往。

And as an extension of that,

作为Innova的延伸，

we also developed a clinic called Aviva,

我们创办了一个叫做Aviva的诊所，

where we give good quality,

提供良好品质的医疗服务，

about 40 to 60 beds in each one of our clinics,

大概一间诊所里能容纳 40-60 个床位，

and we're focusing on the most important part of life,

我们也关注生命中最重要的部分，

which is birth.

那就是分娩。

This particular clinic in Lima

利马的这家诊所

had the most births of the entire country last year.

去年的出生率是全国最高的。

And so now, we have an alternative

所以现在，我们有另一种选择，

to give good health care to the emerging middle class.

那就是为新兴的中产阶级 提供良好的医疗保健。

CH: Now another thing you've dipped your toe into,

CH: 现在你已经涉猎这个领域，

in pretty big ways --

并且深度参与其中，

infrastructure, and that's a whole different kind of project.

基础建设，这是一个完全 不同于其他领域的项目。

And you did it through a public-private partnership.

你以一个公私合作的机制参与其中。

Can you talk a little bit about how that came about

你能稍微谈一下你是怎样想到这个模式

and how it worked?

以及如何实行的吗？

CRP: So years ago, I remember going to Arequipa,

CRP：很多年前， 我记得是去阿雷基帕的时候，

which is the second-largest city in Peru,

阿雷基帕是秘鲁第二大城市，

with my father and my grandfather.

是和我父亲、祖父一起去的。

And in that visit,

在那次的访问中，

hearing about a bridge that was going to be built.

我听说那儿即将要建一座桥。

Years later, I went back,

几年后，我又一次去到阿雷基帕，

and I heard about the bridge again.

我再一次听说了那座桥。

And it turns out that this bridge has been on the planning board

结果是这座桥已经在 规划委员会上呆了 50 多年，

for over 50 years,

and it never got done.

一直没有动工。

It was because this party was in power, whatever the reason,

这是因为那时的执政党， 不管是何原因，

it just didn't get done.

这座桥一直没有动工。

So a few years ago,

所以在几年前，

the government came up with a very clever plan.

政府提出了一个绝妙的计划。

It's called "Projects for Taxes."

叫做“税收项目“。

And what that does

它允许公司最多可使用 所缴纳税款的 30%，

is it allows companies to use up to 30 percent

of the taxes they pay --

instead of paying it to the central government,

用于社区需要的项目， 而不是支付给中央政府。

to use it for projects that the community needs.

They have to be pre-approved ... by the government,

项目需要先通过政府批准，

but then you kind of do it yourself.

然后就可以自己干了。

So we teamed up with the largest beer company in Peru

所以我们联合了秘鲁最大的啤酒公司、

and one of the large mining companies, and together,

一家大型矿业公司，

we put 100 million dollars of the taxes

动用了 1 亿美金--

we would have paid to the central government,

本应该缴纳给中央政府的税款，

and we built this bridge,

建造了这座桥，

which connects one side of the city to the other.

连通了城市的两端。

It was done on time

这座桥按时、

and on budget.

未超预算地竣工了。

No corruption, no drama,

没有腐败、也没有出现事故，

the bridge is still standing.

这座桥仍屹立不倒。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And now, you know,

现在，你们也看到了，

thousands of people every single day use this bridge

数以千计的人每天从这座桥上走过，

and, as a result, improve the quality of their life.

一定程度上提高了他们的生活质量。

This is a very good example

这是一个很好的例子来说明

of how private-public partnerships can work.

公私合作是如何实行的。

And what we've done in our group

我们所做的，

is we've set a goal to have an iconic project,

是设立了一个目标， 拥有一个代表性的项目，

like that bridge you just saw,

就像你们看到的那座桥一样，

in every one of the 25 states across Peru.

遍布秘鲁的 25 个洲。

So far, we've completed five, in five different states,

目前，我们已经在 5 个不同的洲完成，

so we have 20 to go,

还剩 20 个，

but we're excited about that.

我们对此感到十分兴奋。

CH: When I read about that,

CH：当我听到这个故事时，

I thought that was such an interesting project

我认为那是一个相当有趣的项目，

and an interesting partnership.

和有趣的合伙关系。

So a lot of the businesses you've started and your projects

你创办了很多企业，

以及你的项目是专注于中产阶级的。

are focused on the middle class.

So why are you so focused

为什么你如此关注那个 特定的群体呢？

on that particular segment of the population?

CRP: The middle class, for the last couple of decades,

CRP: 中产阶级，从几十年前开始，

has been the fastest-growing segment of the country.

成为了秘鲁增长最快的群体。

It was, in a way, low-hanging fruit.

它在某种程度上来说是 容易实现的目标。

A lot of services were unmet,

很多服务都未得到满足，

and so we tried to develop answers for those.

我们试图去寻找答案。

And it was also a way to scale fast,

这也是一种快速扩展的方式，

because a lot of the emerging middle class is in urban settings.

因为许多新兴的中产阶级 都生活在城市环境中。

So you can actually go from zero to relevance

所以你当然可以从零开始，

relatively fast.

逐步发展。

What we're working on now is what we call the next frontier,

我们现在正在研究所谓的第二前沿，

which is rural Peru,

秘鲁的乡村，

which is still a big part of the population,

那里仍有大量的人口，

and all the cities in our country that have 20,000 or less people.

我们国家的所有城市的人口 在 20000 或 20000 以下。

But really, the reason we got involved in areas like education and healthcare

但说实话，我们涉足教育以及医疗领域，

is that the government wasn't delivering.

是因为政府未履行他们的职责。

If you're familiar with Peru, and you know what's been going on,

如果你很熟悉秘鲁， 也熟知发生过的事，

we've had six presidents in six years.

我们在 6 年里历经了 6 位总统。

Now the last president before the current one

上一任总统在任期间

had so many cabinet changes that on average,

内阁更迭十分频繁，

平均每 5 天， 就会有一位新的内阁部长。

every five days, we'd have a new cabinet minister.

So ask yourself, if you're running an organization ...

所以试想一下， 如果你在管理一个组织，

You can't get even through the weekend.

你可能熬不到周末。

Maybe Monday, he's here, Friday, they're gone.

可能星期一的时候，他还在， 到了星期五，他们就离开了。

So it's very hard to get things accomplished

所以政府方面很难将一件事完成。

from the government side.

So what should we do?

所以我们该如何呢？

Should we wait for that Batman president to show up?

我们该等待蝙蝠侠总统的出现吗？

Or should we get involved?

还是我们该参与其中？

And I have to admit that for many years,

我得承认，之前的很多年，

I would attend conferences and would do what a lot of people do,

我都会参加会议， 并做着和许多人一样的事---

the golf clap,

鼓掌，

and then go back to your work,

然后回到你自己的工作时，

and say, "I'd like to help, but ..."

便会说“我很乐意提供帮助，但...”

And then the next year, another golf clap,

到了来年，继续鼓掌

and, kind of, the same thing.

周而复始。

But we really believe

但我们深信不疑的是，

that the private sector has a very important role.

私营部门发挥着非常重要的作用。

It's 80 percent of the economy in our country.

它占据了整个国家经济的 80% 。

And we can really push the leaders along

我们也可以推动领导者

to take on the most difficult, most challenging problems in the country.

去着手解决整个国家最困难、 最具有挑战性的难题。

Because education takes 20, 25 years or more to solve.

因为教育问题需要花费 20 年、25 年 乃至更长时间去解决。

A political term may be only four or five years.

而一任总统的任期只有 4-5 年。

So I think we have more staying power.

所以我认为我们具有更加持久的权利。

And we don't pretend to run the whole education system

我们不会设想去管理整个教育体系，

or to educate the eight million kids that go to schools.

或是让 800 万孩子都去上学。

But if we do our job correctly,

但如果我们能正确做好自己的工作，

maybe we can put it up at the top of the agenda,

也许我们可以让它成为重中之重，

maybe we can show how it can be done.

或许我们也可以展示该如何做到。

We can continue to partner with the government,

我们可以继续与政府开展合作，

and together, as a result, make a better country.

从而一同打造一个更好的国家。

CH: I mean, a lot of the things you've done,

CH: 你所做的很多事情，

you've stepped in where government has fallen short.

都是政府做的还不够的。

Do you feel like you're letting them off the hook, though?

你会觉得是你在帮他们解围吗？

Or do you feel they're responding to this?

或者你会认为他们对此有回应吗？

CRP: I would say it's the opposite.

CRP: 我会觉得恰恰相反。

We're putting pressure to get these things resolved.

我们是在给政府施加压力， 以促成这些事情的解决。

I believe that, by showing what can be done,

我相信， 只要向他们展示所能做的努力，

perhaps we can inspire them to work together,

可能就有机会激励他们和我们一同努力，

not just with us, but with all the other fine companies that we have in our country

不仅仅是和我们，也可以联合我们国家 很多其他的优秀公司

that do world-class things.

去完成世界级的伟业。

But we can't just fold our hands and wait,

但我们不能被动地等待，

in the hope that a savior someday comes and helps us.

等待某一天救世主的到来。

And I think that's what's behind all these projects.

我认为这是所有项目的内核。

CH: There was one more picture you wanted me to share with the audience,

CH: 这儿还有一张你想让我 展示给大家的照片，

of the protests in Peru.

是关于发生在秘鲁的抗议活动的。

Why did you want me to share this with them?

你为什么想让我展示这张照片呢？

CRP: This is a horrible picture.

CRP: 这是一张令人毛骨悚然的照片。

It's horrible for a number of reasons --

说它可怕，有几个原因。

it hurts our tourism, and the image of the country, etc.

首先，他对我们国家的旅游业、 国家形象等造成了伤害。

But what makes me really sad about this picture --

但这张照片最让我感到伤心的，

and this happened not too long ago, a few weeks ago --

这件事发生不久前， 大概几个礼拜前，

is it's Peruvians against Peruvians.

是发生在秘鲁人与秘鲁人之间。

And I think we both want the same things.

我想，我们有着相同的诉求。

We want a better life, we want opportunity.

我们想要更好的生活， 我们想要机会。

We want the ability to reach our dreams

我们想有能力实现自己的梦想，

and go as far as we can go.

想能走得更远。

And when I see this, I wonder,

当我看到这件事的发生时，我不禁想，

is this just Peru?

这只发生在秘鲁吗？

Or can this happen in other communities?

其他的国家会发生吗？

And how can we stop this from happening?

我们能怎样组织抗议活动的发生呢？

So I have some suggestions.

我有一些建议。

The first one is find out what are the most difficult challenges

第一是找到你的国家和你的社区， 最大的挑战是什么，

in your community and your country,

and try to understand them.

试着理解它们。

Get involved.

参与其中。

Put a sense of urgency, raise your hand.

营造紧迫感，举起你的手。

Not some day.

不是某一天，

Make "some day" today.

而是今天。

Second is

第二，

seek out help.

是寻求帮助。

Most likely, the problems have been solved somewhere else.

很可能这些问题 在其他地方已得到解决。

And you can add to that and continue to build.

你可以继续去做后续工作。

And the last thing

最后，

is have a mindset where you're trying to make the pie bigger.

是要有一种心态， 你的产业能越做越大。

And even if you come from the private sector, I guarantee you,

就算你是来自私营企业的，我保证，

if you focus on making the pie bigger for your country,

如果你专注于为了国家扩展你的产业，

you'll do well yourself.

你会得到很好的结果。

Our objective is to make Peru

我们的目标是让秘鲁

the best place to raise a family in Latin America.

成为拉丁美洲最适合安居乐业的地方。

Our long-term objective is to push Peru to become a developed country.

我们的长期目标是让秘鲁成为发达国家。

And that's really hard.

虽然真的很难。

And then, it comes to execution.

目标设定之后便是执行。

And this is where we lose a lot of that impetus,

这也是我们失去很多动力的地方，

a lot of that "let's get it done," because it's hard.

太多的“让我们完成吧”， 因为真的很难。

And what we found out is that, when you have a big challenge,

我们发现， 当你碰到大的难题时，

many times, you'll say "yes, but."

通常会说“是的，但是...”

And that "but" is followed by lots and lots of excuses.

“但是...“伴随着大量的借口。

In Spanish, it's "sí, pero."

在西班牙语中，是“sí, pero.”

"Pero" is the "but."

“Pero“便是”但是“。

So we decided to make it a little easier.

所以我们决定进行简化。

And why not change that "o" to a "u,"

为何不将 “o” 改成“u“，

and wake up every morning, and say "sí, Perú."

然后清晨醒来，说一句 “sí, Perú.”

(Laughter)

（笑声）

(Applause)

（掌声）

CH: Well, I think you can see why I admire this guy. (Laughs)

CH: 你们知道为什么我欣赏他了吧。（笑声）

Thank you so much, Carlos, for all that you've shared with us.

非常谢谢你，卡洛斯， 谢谢你的分享。

I think we all have a lot of work to do, so thank you.

我想我们都有很多事要做，谢谢你。

CRP: Thank you, Corey.

CRP: 谢谢你，科里。

(Applause)

（掌声）

(Cheers and applause)

（欢呼和掌声）