This Refrigerator Is Saving Lives | Norah Magero | TED

翻译人员: Eric Ma 校对人员: Yanyan Hong

Frequent blackouts are pretty common in Kenya.

频繁的停电在肯尼亚很常见。

It's quite common in towns like Makindu

在像马金杜这样的城镇中尤其常见，

that are 100, 200 kilometers away from the capital.

这些城镇距离首都有一两百公里。

When I moved there, we'd have several blackouts,

我搬到那里的时候， 我们常常会经历几次停电，

whether it’s several times a day or even several times a week

无论是一天几次，还是一周几次，

or even weeklong blackouts,

甚至是为期一周的停电，

that just made it really difficult to do some things

这让做事情变得非常困难

that I thought were basic.

即使是一些基础的事情。

As a mom, I thought,

作为一位母亲，我想，

I'm going to pump a lot of milk and store it.

我要泵足够的奶，然后储存。

I'll just rush to the clinic and get the vaccine,

然后赶去诊所给宝宝打疫苗，

but that wasn't really a guarantee in Makindu.

但实现这些在马金杜并非理所当然。

My name is Norah Magero.

我叫诺拉·马杰罗（Norah Magero）。

I am an engineer, a mechanical engineer,

我是一名工程师，机械工程师，

and I run a company called Drop Access.

我经营一家名为Drop Access的公司。

We manufacture solar-powered refrigerators

我们制造太阳能冰箱

and cold-chain technologies

和冷链技术，

that are used within the health care sector.

该技术用于医疗服务领域

There has been quite a number of people

有很多人已经

who've come up with alternatives for access to power.

提出了替代方案来解决电力问题，

There's the private sector players,

其中包括一些私人企业，

like companies that are able to fundraise abroad

比如那些能够在国外筹款

for causes within the African continent.

支持非洲大陆项目的公司。

They build the case, they get the financing,

他们提出方案，获得融资，

then they bring the solutions to these communities.

然后把解决方案带到这些社区。

But the thing about these solutions

但关于这些解决方案，

is that they're not all that entirely reliable.

并不完全可靠。

These solutions are provided by 90 percent foreigners.

这些方案大部分是由外国人提供的。

These foreigners possibly get their information from online sources

这些外国人可能通过在线来源

and some documented research work.

和一些研究工作的记录 来获得信息。

Interviewer: How do you do your research?

采访者：你是如何做研究的？

NM: I do my research by literally going to the communities

诺拉：我通过亲自去社区

to find out what's the actual problem.

了解实际问题来做研究。

And I do it this way because I had the rude awakening

我这样做是因为 我有过一次深刻的觉醒，

that the research work that is published out there,

我发现那些已发表的研究，

even from some reputable organizations, are actually not accurate.

即便来自一些有声望的组织， 其实并不准确。

And it's guiding solutions that are coming into the continent,

这些研究在指导进入 非洲大陆的解决方案时，

and we're getting it all wrong.

我们很多时候都搞错了。

I've seen a lot of technologies and solutions

我看到很多技术和解决方案，

coming into the Kenyan ecosystem that don't really respect the culture.

在进入肯尼亚的生态系统时， 它们并不真正尊重文化。

That does not take time to understand what the people really want.

它们没有花时间去 了解人们真正需要什么。

So I immerse myself into that community to find out,

因此，我会深入社区，去了解，

like, what’s the actual problem, and what do people want?

比如，实际的问题是什么， 人们需要什么？

So I started dealing with farmers,

于是我开始与农民打交道，

I started dealing with communities and homes,

开始接触社区和家庭，

and I discovered that there was demand for cold-chain solutions,

我发现对冷链解决方案 存在需求

solar-powered cold-chain solution.

尤其是利用太阳能的 冷链解决方案，

So working with farmers,

于是，和农民一起工作，

having my own experience with not finding vaccines for my child

以及自己有过找不到疫苗给孩子的经历，

really just gave me the push

让我更有动力去

to think of bringing in solar refrigeration

考虑引入太阳能制冷。

that can be used in the healthcare sector.

用于医疗保健领域的制冷设备。

Refrigeration is not something really new.

制冷技术并不是什么新鲜事。

It's not something complex.

也不是一件复杂的事情。

You know, I understand refrigerator as an engineer.

作为一名工程师，我懂得冰箱原理。

And I thought, I need to get down as an engineer

我想，我需要作为工程师深入

and design something that fixes all these things.

设计解决所有这些问题的东西。

And that's just how VacciBox came to be.

这就是VacciBox诞生的过程。

We built a lot of things from scratch,

我们从零开始构建，

and we built it over a lot of challenges and difficulties,

经历了很多挑战和困难，

and I just kept on pushing at it, kept on talking about it,

我一直在努力，持续讨论，

insisting that we are going to manufacture this in Kenya,

坚持要在肯尼亚制造这一产品，

when everybody else was like go manufacture it in China.

尽管大家都说去中国制造吧。

You know, China has already figured it out,

你知道，中国可以解决这个问题，

but why are you doing it here, we don't do this here.

但你为什么要在这里做呢， 我们这里不做这个。

Because most of our technologies actually do come from abroad,

因为大多数技术 其实都是来自国外，

and there is a perception that when it's built in Kenya,

而且人们普遍认为， 在肯尼亚制造的产品

it won't perform as the ones that are being brought in from abroad.

不会像国外进口的产品那样好。

And I try to tell them, hey, we need to do this here

我告诉他们， 嘿，我们需要在这里做，

so that we get to figure out how does it serve the Maasai communities

这样我们才能搞清楚， 它是如何为马赛社区，

or communities in Makindu

马金杜社区，

or the communities in western Kenya.

或西肯尼亚的社区服务的。

And also, how does it adhere to the layers of what our communities want?

同时，它如何符合 我们社区的需求层次？

And I think all that is hard to put into perspective.

我认为正确地看待这一切不容易。

Hence, that's why people find it crazy that I do this in Kenya.

因此，人们觉得我在肯尼亚 做这件事很疯狂。

But then I got into this journey of designing, building VacciBox

但我走上了设计和构建 VacciBox的旅程，

and demonstrating to the world, like, look, we store vaccines.

并向世界展示： 看，我们存储了疫苗。

These vaccines did not spoil.

这些疫苗没有失效。

And actually, this child who was vaccinated, is alive and well,

实际上，接种了这些疫苗的孩子， 现在活得很好，

and it wasn't compromised in any way.

它没有受到任何影响。

I've seen a lot of foreign start-ups who are coming into Kenya

我看到很多外国初创企业 进入肯尼亚，

to found companies to build a name for themselves

成立公司，为自己打造名声，

and to have this pride that: “I went into the African continent,

并且有一种骄傲：我去了非洲大陆

I went into Kenya, and fixed their problem.”

我去了肯尼亚，解决了他们的问题。

I'm bothered by that.

这让我很困扰。

I want Africa to develop its own technologies.

我希望非洲能发展出自己的技术。

I want Africa to have its own manufacturing ecosystem

我希望非洲拥有自己的 制造业生态系统，

because it creates jobs.

因为它能创造就业机会。

There are a lot of compounding impacts with manufacturing.

制造业有很多综合性的影响。

Our communities are so deeply layered and cultured.

我们的社区有着深厚的文化层次。

Moral engineering intertwines all technology

道德工程将所有技术

with these layers of our community

与这些社区的层次交织在一起，

and respects it and thinks of the people first

尊重它，首先考虑人民，

and what their culture says

考虑他们的文化需求，

and what they want,

以及他们真正需要什么，

or what works well for them.

或者什么对他们来说效果最好。

We should no longer be considered as the lesser continent.

我们不应该再被视为 较为落后的大陆。

So much of the rest of the world thinks that Africa should only consume,

世界其他大部分地方认为， 非洲应该只作为消费者，

and that's what we are accustomed to.

而我们已经习惯了这种角色。

But what if we switch the narrative a bit

但如果我们稍微改变一下叙事，

and have technology being imported from Africa to the world.

让技术从非洲出口到世界呢？

We should be on the equal playing field

我们应该处于平等竞争的地位，

when it comes to engineering and manufacturing

在工程、制造、

and economies and creating jobs for people.

经济和创造就业方面

That's the Africa, to me, that I want to see.

对我来说，这就是我想看到的非洲。