A New Social Contract for Global Climate Justice | Huma Yusuf | TED

Translator: Hui Bin Go

One third of my country, Pakistan, is under water.

Satu pertiga daripada negara saya, Pakistan di bawah paras air.

An exceptional monsoon coupled with flash flooding

Monsun yang luar biasa dan banjir kilat

due to the accelerated melting of the Himalayan glaciers

yang disebabkan oleh pencairan glasier Himalaya yang berlebihan

has led to devastating flooding.

menyebabkan banjir yang dahsyat.

Floods so destructive, so all-consuming,

Banjir adalah destruktif dan merosakkan,

that the adjective most frequently used to describe them is “biblical.”

Adjektif yang sering digunakan untuk menggambarkannya ialah “biblical.”

The area of land that is underwater is larger than Britain.

Kawasan tanah di bawah paras air lebih besar daripada Britain.

Over 33 million people are affected, stripped of homes and livelihoods.

Lebih daripada 33 milion penduduk dipengaruhi, terpaksa tinggalkan rumah.

Hundreds have been killed,

Beratus-ratus nyawa diragut,

and those that survived are now dying of malaria,

mereka yang terselamat sedang menghadapi penyakit malaria,

dengue fever, diarrhea.

deman denggi, cirit-birit.

The crops that we planted have been washed away,

Tanaman yang kami tanam ditenggelami air,

and our fields will be waterlogged for many months to come,

dan sawah kami tertakung air untuk beberapa bulan,

imperiling the critical wheat-planting season.

ia telah mengancam musim tanaman gandum yang utama.

Pakistan is in shock,

Pakistan dalam kekejutan,

and all it can look ahead to is food insecurity, famine,

apa yang ia dapat lihat ialah kekurangan makanan dan kebuluran

climate migration and conflict.

migrasi iklim dan konflik.

Pakistan needs tens of billions in emergency relief funds,

Pakistan memerlukan puluhan bilion dana bantuan kecemasan,

and it needs them right now.

dan perlukannya sekarang.

But I'm not here to talk about today's crisis.

Tetapi saya ke sini bukan bercakap mengenai krisis hari ini.

I'm here to talk about the way forward.

Saya ingin bercakap cara mara ke hadapan.

As the scale of devastation becomes apparent,

Apabila skala kemusnahan menjadi lebih besar,

the sense of climate injustice is mounting.

perasaan ketidakadilan iklim semakin bersemarak.

Pakistan emits less than one percent of global greenhouse gases,

Pakistan menghasilkan kurang daripada satu peratus gas rumah hijau global,

and yet it is consistently among the countries

namun, ia sentiasa menjadi antara negara yang

most vulnerable to disasters caused by climate change.

paling terdedah kepada bencana yang disebabkan oleh perubahan iklim.

That vulnerability has been horrifyingly laid bare

Kerentanan ini telah terdedah luas sejak

over the last few months.

beberapa bulan yang lalu.

Calls are growing for the global North to compensate the global South

Seruan untuk global Utara membuat ganti rugi ke atas global Selatan semakin rancak

for the fact that high-emitting activities in developed economies

untuk fakta yang aktiviti pengeluaran gas tinggi di negara maju

are leading to catastrophic climate change-linked events

telah membawa malapetaka teruk akibat perubahan iklim

in less developed countries.

di negara-negara kurang maju.

Since the Industrial Revolution,

Sejak Revolusi Perindustrian,

today's wealthy nations have benefited economically

negara-negara maju mendapat kebaikan ekonomi

from high-emitting activities.

daripada aktiviti yang menghasilkan gas tinggi.

The G20 are still responsible

Negara G20 terlibat dalam

for 80 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions.

80% daripada penghasilan gas kesan rumah hijau.

The logic is simple:

Logiknya sangat mudah:

industrialized nations that have profited from fossil-fuel-driven development

Negara-negara industri yang dapat manfaat pembangunan atas kegunaan minyak fosil

should be the ones to pay the bill

haruslah membayar bil tersebut

when climate disasters strike poor countries such as mine.

apabila bencana iklim melanda negara-negara miskin seperti negara saya.

This idea is not new,

Ini bukan idea baru,

nor is it particularly controversial.

atau terlalu kontroversi.

In 2009,

Pada tahun 2009,

developed countries promised to mobilize billions in climate finance

negara-negara maju berjanji menggerakkan dana berbilion-bilion dalam kewangan iklim

to support emerging economies.

untuk membantu pembangunan ekonomi.

That funding has not materialized.

Sumbangan itu tidak dijadikan kenyataan.

And so the demands for reparations have.

Permintaan untuk ganti rugi ada.

But let's be clear.

Kita harus jelas di sini.

Developing countries are not asking for charity.

Negara-negara membangun bukannya meminta sumbangan kebajikan.

Having polluted only marginally,

Pencemaran adalah sebahagian kecil,

they are climate creditors, and that credit is now due.

ia adalah pemiutang iklim, dan tempoh kredit telah tamat.

As I said, the logic is simple.

Seperti saya sebutkan, logiknya mudah.

But the politics are complicated.

Tetapi politik yang rumit.

Developing countries have not consistently demanded reparations

Negara-negara membangun belum meminta ganti rugi secara konsisten

for climate change-linked loss and damage.

untuk kehilangan dan kemusnahan akibat perubahan iklim.

Many countries in the Global South, led by India and China,

Banyak negara-negara Global Selatan, dipimpin oleh India dan China,

subscribe to the “catch up” argument:

terlibat dalam hujah “mengejar balik”

the notion that developing countries

Pendapat negara-negara membangun

should now be allowed their share of pollutants and greenhouse gases

harus bertanggungjawab atas pembebasan bahan pencemaran dan gas rumah hijau

in order to build infrastructure

untuk membina infrastruktur

and spur economic growth.

dan membantu pembangunan ekonomi.

This reasoning envisions the West curtailing emissions

Penaakulan ini menggambarkan Barat mengurangkan perlepasan

and bearing the financial cost of the economic slowdown,

dan menanggung kos kelembapan ekonomi,

while developing countries continue to emit,

manakala negara-negara membangun teruskan perlepasan,

build and grow.

membina dan membangun.

It's a way of saying, "Hey, it's our turn."

Ini adalah satu cara untuk mengatakan, “Hei, sekarang giliran kami.”

This "catch up" argument is compelling,

Hujah “kejar balik” in menarik,

but it does not speak the language of reparations.

ia tidak cakap bahasa ganti rugi

Climate justice is based on the notion of not being punished

Keadilan iklim ini berdasarkan pendapat bahawa tidak akan didenda akibat

for someone else's bad behavior.

kelakuan jahat orang lain.

It does not sanction more bad behavior.

Ia tidak membenarkan lagi kelakuan jahat.

You cannot both demand reparations and the right to emit.

Anda tidak boleh minta kedua-dua ganti rugi dan hak untuk pelepasan gas.

But many developing countries have yet to engage in climate diplomacy,

Namun, banyak negara membangun belum melibatkan diri dalam diplomasi iklim,

a process of reconciling the demand for reparations with existing security

satu proses menyelaraskan permintaan ganti rugi dengan sekuriti

and foreign policies.

dan dasar luar yang sedia wujud.

And so you'll see cases where some government departments

Dan anda akan lihat kes di mana sesetengah jabatan kerajaan

are demanding climate justice,

meminta keadilan iklim,

while others are seeking foreign funding for coal and gas projects

manakala yang lain minta dana negara lain untuk projek arang batu dan gas

or pursuing defense deals with high-emitting nations.

atau mencapai persetujuan pertahanan dengan negara pelepasan gas tinggi.

It is difficult to have it both ways.

Adalah sukar untuk mendapat kedua-duanya.

And that's why demanding reparations

Dan sebab itulah minta ganti rugi

also means bringing forward a clean, green vision --

juga bererti membawa ke hadapan satu visi yang bersih dan hijau--

one which includes leapfrogging

ini termasuk melonjak

the high emitting stage of economic development

dari pembangunan ekonomi bertahap pelepasan gas tinggi

into a more sustainable future.

ke masa depan yang lebih mampan.

For countries like mine,

Bagi negara seperti negara saya,

that means no more poorly planned expressways

bereti tiada lagi lebuh raya yang tidak dirancang dengan baik

or elite real estate developments dotted with swimming pools

atau pembangunan perumahan elit yang berkolam renang

or golf courses in drought-hit areas.

atau padang golf di kawasan kemarau.

Because sadly, it is true

Kerana sedih, ia adalah benar

that the scale of devastation in Pakistan,

skala kemusnahan di Pakistan,

and in climate calamities elsewhere,

dan bencana iklim di tempat lain,

is not just the result of climate change

bukan akibat perubahan iklim semata-mata

but also a consequence of poor governance,

juga akibat pentadbiran yang lemah,

of inadequate planning,

kekurangan perancangan,

the lack of infrastructure, corruption and the lack of accountability.

kekurangan infrastruktur, rasuah dan kekurangan akauntabiliti.

This is something the Global South must acknowledge.

Ini harus diperakui oleh Global Selatan.

But this is absolutely not to place the onus back

Tetapi ini semesti bukan meletak kembali tanggung jawab

on climate vulnerable developing countries.

ke negara membangun yang terdedah dengan kemusnahan iklim.

No.

Tidak.

Instead, it is to say that the time has come

Sebaliknya, ia dikatakan sudah tiba masanya

for the global North and South to agree [on] the terms of a just transition.

bagi global Utara dan Selatan untuk setuju syarat peralihan yang adil.

Are we ready for a new social contract within countries and between countries?

Adakah kita bersedia untuk kontrak sosial baru dalam negara dan antara negara?

One way forward

Satu cara ke hadapan

is to adopt a more expansive definition of reparations.

ialah menerima pakai definasi ganti rugi yang lebih meluas.

This should take the form of funding for emergency relief, loss and damage,

Ini termasuk dana untuk kecemasan, kehilangan dan kerosakan,

but it should also include technical assistance,

juga termasuk bantuan teknikal,

adaptation planning

plan adaptasi

and the skills development needed to tackle the climate challenge.

dan peningkatan kemahiran yang diperlukan untuk atasi perubahan iklim.

Developed countries should provide funding,

Negara maju perlu memberikan bantuan kewangan,

but they should also provide access to the green technologies

mereka juga perlu memberikan akses untuk teknologi hijau

that can help countries such as Pakistan catch up,

yang dapat bantu negara seperti Pakistan untuk ikut serta,

but without the high emissions.

tanpa pelepasan gas yang tinggi.

Pakistan is drowning,

Pakistan dalam kelemasan,

and its people are desperate.

dan rakyatnya dalam penderitaan.

Their present is your future.

Masa kini mereka adalah masa depan anda.

We need a new era of climate diplomacy,

Kita perlukan diplomasi iklim era baru,

and we need a new recognition that we are in this together.

dan kita perlu pengiktirafan baru yang kita bersepakatan dalam perkara ini.

We can adapt, mitigate, build resilience,

Kita boleh sesuaikan diri, mitigasi, bina daya tahan,

but only if we do it together.

jikalau kita lakukan ini bersama-sama.

The logic of climate justice is simple.

Logik keadilan iklim adalah mudah.

Let's make the politics simpler to.

Mari kita jadikan politik mudah juga.

Thank you.

Thank you.

(Applause and cheers)

(Tepukan dan sorakan)

Bruno Giussani: Huma, thank you.

Bruno: Huma, terima kasih.

So when introduced you, I said

Semasa perkenalkan anda, saya berkata

that the floods have not received enough attention in the global media.

keadaan banjir belum mendapat perhatian penuh media global.

But how are the Pakistani media talking and reporting about them?

Bagaimana media Pakistan bincang dan lapor mengenainya?

Huma Yusuf: Thank you for that question.

Huma : Terima kasih atas soalan itu.

You know, we’re just a month into the declaration of a national emergency,

Anda tahu, kami baru saja mengisytiharkan darurat satu bulan yang lalu,

and the floods are already slipping out of the news headlines in Pakistan.

dan berita banjir telah surut daripada tajuk berita Pakistan.

I think we're really suffering from the fact

Saya rasa kami sangat menderita akan hakikat

that the 24-hour news cycle does not know how to tell this story,

kitaran berita 24 jam tidak tahu cara menyampaikan cerita

a story so big,

yang besar ini,

a story that requires you to connect the dots

cerita yang perlu anda sambungkan titik

to every other story you will ever tell,

dengan cerita yang akan anda ceritakan,

whether we're talking about food,

samada kita bincang tentang makanan,

the economy, insecurity, domestic militancy.

ekonomi, ketidakamanan, ketahanan dalam negeri.

There is no story that can be told without also telling this story.

Tiada berita yang boleh diceritakan tanpa memberitahu cerita ini.

But unfortunately, I don’t think we have that media literacy,

Tapi malangnya, saya tidak rasa kita ada literasi media,

and the floods are already receding out of our own headlines.

dan berita banjir telah surut daripada tajuk akhbar kita sendiri.

So what can we expect from the international press?

Jadi, apakah boleh kita harapkan dari akhbar dunia?

BG: Well, is aid already coming, at least?

BG:Jadi, adakah bantuan sudah tiba?

HY: Aid is coming, but not enough and not fast enough.

HY: Bantuan sudah sampai, tetapi tidak mencukupi dan tak cukup cepat.

And, you know, Pakistan has said that they need about 30 billion dollars

Dan anda tahu, Pakistan telah mengatakan mereka perlukan lebih kurang USD30 bilion

to help with the rehabilitation and reconstruction phase.

untuk bantuan dalam fasa pemulihan dan pembinaan.

And we're at a stage where, for example,

Kami berada dalam keadaan di mana,

I think the UN tomorrow launches a new appeal

saya rasa UN akan lancarkan rayuan baru esok

that's for 600 million dollars.

untuk USD600 milion.

So I don’t think that there will ever be enough aid.

Jadi saya rasa bantuan tidak akan mencukupi.

We do need some of these reparations.

Kami memang perlukan sebahagian ganti rugi.

We need a better plan

Kami perlu plan yang

for how we're going to fund these kinds of climate disasters.

lebih baik bagi dapat sumbangan untuk bencana iklim.

But unfortunately, even before the money has started flowing,

Tetapi malangnya, sebelum duit mula diagihkan,

those questions have started.

masalah telah timbul.

You know, where's the money that's already come through gone?

Kamu tahu, manakah duit yang telah diberikan itu hilang?

Who is tracking it? What is it being spent on?

Siapa menjejakinya? Dibelanjakan untuk apa?

And I fear that those kinds of questions deter more funding,

Saya khuatir soalan sebegini menghalang kemasukan dana,

when actually it's the absolute need of the hour.

dan ia merupakan masa yang sangat memerlukannya.

BG: Now, I want just to put an image in the mind of people here.

BG:Sekarang saya nak letakkan imej ini di minda orang di sini.

One of our conversations,

Semasa perbualan kita,

you told me a story about people in flooded areas

awak memberitahu cerita tentang mereka di kawasan banjir

going around in small boats and hitting structures under water.

bergerak dalam bot kecil dan terlanggar struktur di bawah paras air.

Tell us about that.

Beritahu kami pasal itu.

HY: Yes, you saw the pictures that I started with.

HY:Ya, anda lihat gambar saya tunjuk tadi.

And I’ve been seeing those, and I haven’t visited myself

Saya telah melihatnya, saya belum melawat tempat itu

the most badly affected areas.

kawasan yang paling teruk.

And it was only when I received a video from a friend of mine

Bila saya terima video daripada kawan saya

who was out there reporting in the field,

yang membuat laporan di tempat kejadian,

which showed her on a boat going through what I thought was a lake,

gambaran botnya rentasi kawasan yang saya fikirkan sebuah tasik,

and then they start bumping up against things --

dan mereka terlanggar sesuatu--

and you realize that it’s the top of electricity pylons,

anda menyedari ia adalah bahagian atas tiang elektrik,

and it's the top of school buildings

ia bahagian atas bangunan sekolah

and it's the top of petrol stations

dan ia bahagian atas stesen petrol

with the little, you know, advertising symbol --

dengan tanda iklan--

that I really understood that my country is submerged.

saya amat faham negara saya telah tenggelam.

It is truly underwater.

Ia betul-betul bawah paras air.

And I don't know how you come back from that.

dan saya tak tahu bagaimana anda balik dari situ.

BG: Thank you for sharing this story and thank you for your talk.

BG: Terima kasih kerana kongsi cerita dan juga ceramah anda.

HY: Thank you for having me.

HY: Terima kasih kembali.

(Applause)

(Tepukan)