The Fantastically Weird World of Photosynthetic Sea Slugs | Michael Middlebrooks | TED

193,258 views ・ 2023-03-09

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Mijeong Kim κ²€ν† : Hyeryung Kim
00:04
I'm going to talk to you today about sea slugs and solar power.
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였늘 μ €λŠ” λ°”λ‹€ λ―Όλ‹¬νŒ½μ΄μ™€ νƒœμ–‘ μ—λ„ˆμ§€ 이야기λ₯Ό ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:08
My background and what I do -- I'm an invertebrate zoologist.
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μ €λŠ” 무척좔동물 ν•™μžμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:12
So invertebrate animals are animals that don't have a backbone.
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λ¬΄μ²™μΆ”λ™λ¬Όμ΄λž€ μ²™μΆ”λΌˆκ°€ μ—†λŠ” 동물이죠.
00:16
So this is actually most of the animals on the planet.
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지ꡬ에 μ‚¬λŠ” λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 동물이 λ¬΄μ²™μΆ”λ™λ¬Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:20
It ranges from things like insects to clams to sea sponges to worms.
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곀좩뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 쑰개, ν•΄λ©΄, 벌레 λ“± λ¬΄μ²™μΆ”λ™λ¬Όμ˜ μ’…λ₯˜λŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
And a great other many things
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•œ λ²ˆλ„ 듀어보지 λͺ»ν•œ 정말 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 무척좔동물이 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ£ .
00:28
that we don't have time to talk about today.
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00:31
On our planet, most of the biological energy that we have available
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μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 생물학적 μ—λ„ˆμ§€ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€
νƒœμ–‘μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° κ³΅κΈ‰λ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
comes, ultimately, from the sun.
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00:38
The process from this being converted to solar energy,
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νƒœμ–‘μ—λ„ˆμ§€κ°€ 생물학적 μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ‘œ μ „ν™˜λ˜λŠ” 과정이 λ°”λ‘œ κ΄‘ν•©μ„±μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:41
to biological energy is photosynthesis.
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00:45
You’re probably familiar with this as something that plants do.
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ‹λ¬Όμ˜ 광합성을 λ– μ˜¬λ¦¬μ‹œκ² μ£ .
00:49
And all of the food that we eat ultimately comes from photosynthesis,
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사싀 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ„­μ·¨ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  μŒμ‹λ¬Όμ€ 광합성을 톡해 μ–»μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
either us directly eating plants or eating animals that eat plants.
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식물을 직접 먹기도 ν•˜κ³  식물을 λ¨Ήκ³  μžλž€ 동물을 먹기도 ν•˜μ£ .
00:58
And that's really where all of the energy
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광합성은 동물이 μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό μ–»λŠ” 데 κΌ­ ν•„μš”ν•œ κ³Όμ •μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:00
that all of the animals have comes from.
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01:02
However, there are a few animals that have managed to get around that
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, μ‹λ¬Όμ˜ 광합성을 ν†΅ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ 
슀슀둜 광합성을 ν•΄λ‚΄λŠ” 동물듀도 κ°„ν˜Ή μ‘΄μž¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:08
and become photosynthetic themselves
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이 동물듀은 νƒœμ–‘ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό λͺ¨μ•„μ„œ
01:10
and are able to capture the energy from the sun,
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01:13
convert it into biological energy, right?
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생물학적 μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ‘œ μ „ν™˜ν•˜μ£ .
01:15
So just like plants, they take carbon dioxide in sunlight,
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마치 μ‹λ¬Όμ²˜λŸΌ ν–‡λΉ›μ˜ μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œλ₯Ό ν‘μˆ˜ν•˜κ³ 
01:19
turn it into sugar and oxygen.
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이것을 λ‹Ήκ³Ό μ‚°μ†Œλ‘œ λ°”κΏ‰λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:23
The best and most famous example of this are the corals.
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슀슀둜 광합성을 ν•˜λŠ” 동물 쀑 κ°€μž₯ 잘 μ•Œλ €μ§„ 것은 λ°”λ‘œ μ‚°ν˜Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:27
The photos that we're looking at here
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μ—¬κΈ° λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 사진은
01:29
are some some corals from the Red Sea in Egypt
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μ΄μ§‘νŠΈ 홍해와 μΏ λ°”μ˜ μ•”μ΄ˆμ— μ„œμ‹ν•˜λŠ” μ‚°ν˜Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:32
and from a reef in Cuba.
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01:34
All the photos I'm going to share with you today are photographs I've taken.
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였늘 λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬λŠ” 사진은 μ „λΆ€ μ œκ°€ 직접 찍은 것이죠.
01:38
And when I've gotten photos from the field,
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ν˜„μž₯μ—μ„œ μ œκ°€ μ΄¬μ˜ν•œ 사진은
01:42
I put the location there, if you're interested.
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ–΄λ””μ—μ„œ μ°μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ λ‹€ κΈ°μž¬ν•΄ λ†“μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:45
The photos from the laboratory won't be labeled like that.
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μ—°κ΅¬μ‹€μ—μ„œ 찍은 사진듀은 이런 μ‹μœΌλ‘œ κΈ°μž¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
They have a black background on them.
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κ·Έμ € 검은 배경이 μžˆμ„ 뿐이죠.
01:51
Corals are able to photosynthesize because of a special partnership,
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μ‚°ν˜Έκ°€ 광합성을 ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ”
01:55
a symbiosis that they have
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λ°”λ‘œ μ£Όμ‚°ν…”λΌλΌλŠ” 단세포 μ‘°λ₯˜μ™€μ˜ νŠΉλ³„ν•œ 곡생 관계 λ•λΆ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:57
with a single-celled algae called zooxanthellae.
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02:00
The algae live inside of cells of the coral,
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μ£Όμ‚°ν…”λΌλŠ” μ‚°ν˜Έμ˜ 세포 μ•ˆμ— μ„œμ‹ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
02:03
capture the sunlight and provide the corals with sugar.
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햇빛을 λͺ¨μœΌκ³  μ‚°ν˜Έμ— 당을 κ³΅κΈ‰ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:06
So effectively we have photosynthetic animals.
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이λ₯Ό 톡해 μ‚°ν˜ΈλŠ” 효과적으둜 광합성을 ν•΄λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:09
This is unusual,
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μΌλ°˜μ μ΄μ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ§€λ§Œ
02:12
but actually occurs in quite a lot of the corals
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κ½€ λ§Žμ€ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ μ‚°ν˜Έμ™€ κ·Έ 동λ₯˜λ“€μ—κ²Œμ„œ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” ν˜„μƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:17
and many of their relatives,
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02:18
and actually happens in a fair number of other animals as well.
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μƒλ‹Ήμˆ˜μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ 동물쒅 μ—­μ‹œ 광합성을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:21
So we see this in things like some sea sponges,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄ ν•΄λ©΄, νŽΈν˜•λ²Œλ ˆ
02:24
we see this in some flatworms,
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그리고 μ‚°ν˜Έμ™€ λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 동물듀도 광합성을 ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:26
and we see it in other animals closely related to corals
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02:29
like sea anemones and jellyfish.
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μ•„λ„€λͺ¨λ„€μ™€ ν•΄νŒŒλ¦¬μ²˜λŸΌμš”.
02:31
So this is an upside down jellyfish.
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이것은 μ—…μ‚¬μ΄λ“œλ‹€μš΄ ν•΄νŒŒλ¦¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:33
This is an organism that, just like the corals we were talking about,
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μ•žμ„œ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•œ μ‚°ν˜Έμ²˜λŸΌ
02:38
has these zooxanthellae inside of them and can photosynthesize.
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주산텔라λ₯Ό λͺΈ 속에 μ§€λ‹ˆκ³  있고 κ΄‘ν•©μ„±λ₯Ό ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μœ κΈ°μ²΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:42
So this animal lives in like, shallow mangroves throughout the world
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이 동물은 지ꡬ μ „μ—­μ—μ„œ 얕은 물의 맹그둜브 같은 λ‚˜λ¬΄μ— μ‚΄λ©΄μ„œ
02:46
and just lays on the bottom, capturing sunlight.
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λ°”λ‹₯에 λˆ„μ›Œ 햇빛을 λͺ¨μœΌμ£ .
02:49
I keep a few in my laboratory that I use for teaching,
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μ—…μ‚¬μ΄λ“œλ‹€μš΄ ν•΄νŒŒλ¦¬ λͺ‡ 마리λ₯Ό μ—°κ΅¬μ‹€μ—μ„œ ν‚€μš°κ³  μžˆλŠ”λ°
02:52
and I don't actually have to feed them.
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사싀 μ œκ°€ λ”°λ‘œ 먹이λ₯Ό 챙겨주지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:54
I just give them light from one of my aquarium lights,
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μ œκ°€ ν•˜λŠ” 일이라곀 μˆ˜μ‘±κ΄€ μ‘°λͺ…μœΌλ‘œ 빛을 μ˜μ•„μ£ΌλŠ” 것 뿐인데
02:58
and I’ve managed to keep some of them there for two years.
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κ·Έ 쀑 λͺ‡ λ§ˆλ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ κ³³μ—μ„œ 2λ…„μ§Έ 잘 μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:00
And I use them in my invertebrate zoology courses.
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그리고 제 무척좔동물학 κ°•μ˜μ— 이 동물을 ν™œμš©ν•˜μ£ .
03:03
I like the jellyfish, though,
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μ €λŠ” ν•΄νŒŒλ¦¬λ₯Ό μ’‹μ•„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:04
even though the coral is perhaps a more famous example.
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더 잘 μ•Œλ €μ§„ μ‚¬λ‘€λŠ” μ‚°ν˜Έκ² μ§€λ§Œμš”.
03:07
The jellyfish is nice because we can take a tentacle of a jellyfish
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ν•΄νŒŒλ¦¬λŠ” μΉœμ ˆν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ΄‰μˆ˜λ₯Ό 뽑을 수 μžˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
03:11
and look at it under the microscope,
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μ΄‰μˆ˜λ₯Ό ν˜„λ―Έκ²½μœΌλ‘œ κ΄€μ°°ν•˜λ©΄ 이 과정을 잘 λ³Ό 수 있죠.
03:13
and that allows us to see this process.
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03:15
So this is a micrograph, a microscopic photograph I've taken,
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이것은 μ œκ°€ ν˜„λ―Έκ²½μœΌλ‘œ 찍은 사진인데
03:20
of some zooxanthellae from the tentacle
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μΉ΄μ‹œμ˜€νŽ˜μ•„λΌλŠ” μ—…μ‚¬μ΄λ“œλ‹€μš΄ ν•΄νŒŒλ¦¬μ˜
μ΄‰μˆ˜μ— μžˆλŠ” 주산텔라가 λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:25
of the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopeia.
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03:28
And I did this back at my laboratory in Tampa.
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μ €λŠ” νƒνŒŒμ˜ 제 μ—°κ΅¬μ‹€λ‘œ λŒμ•„μ™€ 이것을 κ΄€μ°°ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
03:31
And all of those little golden brown spheres that we're seeing,
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μ—¬κΈ° λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 이 μž‘μ€ ν™©κ°ˆμƒ‰ ꡬ듀이 각각 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ‘°λ₯˜ μ„Έν¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:34
each one of those is one of those algal cells.
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03:36
So they're loaded in there quite densely.
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κ΅‰μ§•νžˆ μ‘°λ°€ν•˜κ²Œ μš΄μ§‘λ˜μ–΄ 있죠.
03:40
There's a lot of them there.
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세포가 무척 많이 λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:42
So these animals are able to photosynthesize that way.
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이 동물은 이런 μ‹μœΌλ‘œ 광합성을 ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κ±°μ£ .
03:44
So it's quite remarkable that we have animals
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ£Όλͺ©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  것은
03:47
that are not doing the typical animal thing.
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μ „ν˜•μ  νŠΉμ„±μ„ λ”°λ₯΄μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 동물이 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:49
The jellyfish can still feed, and in the wild, they do.
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μ•Όμƒμ—μ„œ ν•΄νŒŒλ¦¬λŠ” 먹이λ₯Ό 먹기도 ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
03:52
But they can get most of their energy just from the sun.
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λŠ” νƒœμ–‘μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ–»μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:55
Fantastic.
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μ‹ κΈ°ν•œ 일이죠.
03:56
I primarily study a group of organisms called mollusks.
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μ €λŠ” 연체동물을 주둜 연ꡬ해 μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
Mollusks are probably familiar to some of you,
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연체동물은 λ‹€λ₯Έ 것보닀도 쑰개 κ»λ°κΈ°λ‚˜ μ‹μž¬λ£Œλ‘œ
04:03
if, because of nothing else,
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04:05
because of their shells and in some cases as food.
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μ—¬κΈ° λͺ‡λͺ‡ 뢄듀도 이미 μΉœμˆ™ν•˜μ‹€ ν…λ°μš”.
04:08
So these include animals like snails and clams.
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λ‹¬νŒ½μ΄, 쑰개, λ¬Έμ–΄, μ˜€μ§•μ–΄λ„ μ—°μ²΄λ™λ¬Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:11
Also things like octopus and squids
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04:13
and some other strange things that we won't have time to go into today.
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였늘 이 κ°•μ—°μ—μ„œλŠ” 닀루지 μ•ŠλŠ”, νŠΉμ΄ν•˜κ²Œ 생긴 연체동물듀도 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:19
But the mollusks are a fantastically diverse group.
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연체동물은 쒅이 ꡉμž₯히 λ‹€μ–‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:21
They are the second most diverse group of animals on the planet
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μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ κ³€μΆ©λ₯˜λ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•˜λŠ” μ ˆμ§€λ™λ¬Ό λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ
04:24
after the arthropods,
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연체동물은 μ§€κ΅¬μƒμ—μ„œ 두 번째둜 κ°€μž₯ λ§Žμ€ 동물쒅이 μ†ν•˜λŠ” κ·Έλ£Ήμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:25
which win out because of the insects.
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04:28
But in terms of sheer diversity in body form,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μˆœμ „νžˆ 동물을 μ²΄ν˜•μœΌλ‘œλ§Œ λΆ„λ₯˜ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
04:32
the mollusks, I would argue, are in fact the most diverse
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λ‹¨μ–Έμ»¨λŒ€ κ°€μž₯ λ§Žμ€ 동물쒅이 연체동물에 속할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:34
and range from things smaller than grains of rice
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μŒ€ ν•œ 톨보닀 μž‘μ€ μ’…λΆ€ν„°
04:37
to colossal squids that are absolutely enormous.
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κ±°λŒ€ν•œ λ‚¨κ·Ήν•˜νŠΈμ§€λŠλŸ¬λ―Έμ˜€μ§•μ–΄κΉŒμ§€ 여기에 μ†ν•˜λŠ” 동물은 맀우 λ‹€μ–‘ν•˜μ£ .
04:42
And we have photosynthesis within our mollusks as well.
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슀슀둜 광합성을 ν•˜λŠ” 연체동물듀도 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:46
So these are giant clams.
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이것듀은 λŒ€μ™•μ‘°κ°œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:48
They're fantastically beautiful animals.
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무척 μ•„λ¦„λ‹΅κ²Œ 생겼죠.
04:51
They live in tropical coral reefs in the Indo-Pacific, primarily.
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이 μ‘°κ°œλ“€μ€ 주둜 μΈλ„νƒœν‰μ–‘ ν•΄μ—­μ˜ μ—΄λŒ€ μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆμ— μ„œμ‹ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:56
And when I say giant, there's a range.
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λŒ€μ™•μ΄λΌκ³  ν‘œν˜„ν•˜κΈ΄ ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ 사싀 크기가 λ‹€μ–‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:59
Some of the species aren't quite so large,
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μ–΄λ–€ 쒅은 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 크지 μ•Šμ•„μš”.
05:01
but some of them are absolutely enormous, and they’re beautiful.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ–΄λ–€ 쒅듀은 μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ 크고 아름닡죠.
05:04
And a lot of the coloration we're seeing in some of these
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이 λ‹€μ±„λ‘œμš΄ μ²œμ—°μ˜ 색감은 이듀과 κ³΅μƒν•˜λŠ” μ‘°λ₯˜ λ•λΆ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:06
comes from their symbiotic algae.
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05:09
They have the same zooxanthellae that we saw within the corals.
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μ‚°ν˜Έμ—μ„œ 봀던 것과 λ™μΌν•œ 주산텔라λ₯Ό κ°–κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ±°μ£ .
05:13
Unfortunately, giant clams are rather difficult to see in the wild.
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μ•ˆνƒ€κΉκ²Œλ„ 이 λŒ€μ™•μ‘°κ°œλ“€μ€ μžμ—°μ—μ„œ 직접 λ³΄κΈ°λŠ” μ–΄λ ΅κ²Œ λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:17
They've been overharvested in many areas because people want their large shells
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 껍데기λ₯Ό μ–»κ±°λ‚˜ 살을 먹으렀고 μ—¬λŸ¬ κ³³μ—μ„œ κ³Όμž‰μ±„μ§‘ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
05:21
and they are also eaten.
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05:24
That's a very interesting symbiosis too.
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이듀 μ—­μ‹œ μ•„μ£Ό ν₯미둜운 곡생 κ΄€κ³„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:27
But the group that I'm most interested in are called the gastropods.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ œκ°€ κ°€μž₯ 관심 μžˆλŠ” 동물은 λ°”λ‘œ 볡쑱λ₯˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:32
Gastropods are snails and slugs.
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볡쑱λ₯˜λŠ” λ‹¬νŒ½μ΄μ™€ λ―Όλ‹¬νŒ½μ΄ 등이죠.
05:34
So your typical garden snail that you may be familiar with
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ •μ›μ—μ„œ ν”νžˆ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” λ‹¬νŒ½μ΄μ™€
05:38
and many of the seashells
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바닷가에 갔을 λ•Œ λͺ¨μ•„μ˜¨ μ‘°κ°œκ°€ 볡쑱λ₯˜μ— μ†ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:40
that you may have collected visiting the beach
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05:43
come from gastropods.
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05:44
So this is a tremendously diverse group of mollusks.
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볡쑱λ₯˜λŠ” ꡉμž₯히 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 연체동물듀을 μ§€μΉ­ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:48
They're the most diverse group of mollusks in terms of number of species.
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μ’…μ˜ 개수둜 κ°€μž₯ λ§Žμ€ 쒅이 μ†ν•œ 연체동물 κ·Έλ£Ήμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:51
Quite a large number of them.
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볡쑱λ₯˜λŠ” 정말 λ‹€μ–‘ν•˜κ³  ꡉμž₯히 ν₯λ―Έλ‘­μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:53
And they're fantastically interesting.
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05:55
I wish we had time to go into more of them here.
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였늘 볡쑱λ₯˜λ₯Ό 더 μžμ„Ένžˆ 닀루지 λͺ»ν•΄ μ•„μ‰½λ„€μš”.
05:57
The one in the middle is a cone snail,
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κ°€μš΄λ° λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 것이 청자고λ‘₯인데
05:59
one of the most venomous animals on the planet.
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지ꡬ μƒμ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 독성이 κ°•ν•œ 동물 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ£ .
06:01
And also a ...
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그리고 또,
06:04
subject of a great deal of biomedical research
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이것은 λ…μ˜ 잠재λ ₯λ₯Ό μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ μƒλ¬Όμ˜ν•™ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ μ£Όμ œμ΄κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:06
studying the potential of its venom.
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06:08
But my real passion is slugs.
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사싀 μ €λŠ” λ―Όλ‹¬νŒ½μ΄λ₯Ό 제일 μ’‹μ•„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:10
My favorite thing to do is go scuba diving in a tropical coral reef
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μ—΄λŒ€ μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆ μ§€μ—­μ—μ„œ μŠ€μΏ λ²„λ‹€μ΄λΉ™μ„ ν•˜λ©°
06:14
and look for sea slugs.
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λ°”λ‹€ λ―Όλ‹¬νŒ½ κ΄€μ°°ν•˜λŠ” κ±Έ 즐기죠.
06:16
And a sea slug, ultimately, or any slug,
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λ°”λ‹€ λ―Όλ‹¬νŒ½μ΄ μ™Έ λͺ¨λ“  λ―Όλ‹¬νŒ½μ΄λ“€μ€ μ „λΆ€ λ‹¬νŒ½μ΄μ—μ„œ μœ λž˜λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
06:19
is a snail that, over the course of evolution, has lost its shell.
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진화λ₯Ό κ±°λ“­ν•˜λŠ” κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ 껍데기가 μ‚¬λΌμ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:24
So a slug is just a snail minus the shell, right?
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μ‰½κ²Œ 말해 λ‹¬νŒ½μ΄μ—μ„œ 껍데기가 빠진 것이고
06:28
And this has happened multiple times.
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이 과정이 μ—¬λŸ¬ 번 반볡된 κ±°μ£ .
06:30
This was not a single evolutionary event,
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단 ν•œ 번 λ§Œμ— μ™„μ„±λœ 진화가 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
06:32
but one that occurred over and over again.
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반볡된 μ§„ν™”μ˜ κ²°κ³ΌλΌλŠ” λœ»μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:35
And so we have multiple unrelated groups of snails
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ―Όλ‹¬νŒ½μ΄λŠ” λ‹¬νŒ½μ΄μ™€ μ „ν˜€ 연관성이 μ—†λŠ” λ“― λ³΄μ΄μ§€λ§Œ
06:39
that have either greatly reduced or lost their shell over the course of evolution.
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반볡된 μ§„ν™”λ‘œ 껍데기가 거의 μ—†μ–΄μ§€κ±°λ‚˜ μ•„μ˜ˆ 없어진 λ‹¬νŒ½μ΄μΈ 것이죠.
06:44
There's a few of them shown here,
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λ―Όλ‹¬νŒ½μ΄μ˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 쒅을 λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
06:46
just to show you some variety.
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사진을 λͺ‡ μž₯ μ€€λΉ„ν•΄ λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:48
This includes the head shield slugs.
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ν—€λ“œμ‰΄λ“œ λ―Όλ‹¬νŒ½μ΄λ„ μžˆκ³ μš”.
06:50
There are sea hares as well as the pulmonates, or air-breathing, slugs,
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λͺ‡ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ κ΅°μ†Œλ“€λ„ λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
또 곡기둜 ν˜Έν‘ν•˜λŠ” 유폐λ₯˜λ„ μžˆλŠ”λ°
06:56
which may show up in your garden
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μ •μ›μ—μ„œ 마주치면 μ „ν˜€ 달갑지 μ•Šμ£ .
06:58
and cause you a great deal of displeasure.
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07:02
Now, the most common question that I get
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μ œκ°€ κ°€μž₯ 많이 λ°›λŠ” 질문이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:04
when I tell people what I do for a living, studying slugs,
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μ œκ°€ λ―Όλ‹¬νŒ½μ΄λ₯Ό μ—°κ΅¬ν•œλ‹€κ³  ν•˜λ©΄ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 묻죠.
07:07
is, β€œWhy would you do that?
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β€œλ„λŒ€μ²΄ κ·Έκ±Έ μ™œ ν•΄?”
07:10
Why study slugs?
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β€œμ™œ λ―Όλ‹¬νŒ½μ΄λ₯Ό 연ꡬ해?”
07:11
You could do anything.
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β€œλ‹€λ₯Έ 것도 ν•  수 μžˆμž–μ•„.”
07:13
Why do that?"
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β€œλŒ€μ²΄ μ™œ ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ•Ό?”
07:14
And I think the best way to explain this to you all is not to tell you,
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이 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λŒ€ν•œ λŒ€λ‹΅μ€ 말둜 μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κΈ°λ³΄λ‹€
07:18
but to show you.
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직접 λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬μ£ .
07:19
So here are some of the slugs I've encountered in my travels.
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μ œκ°€ μ—¬ν–‰ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ λ§Œλ‚œ λ―Όλ‹¬νŒ½μ΄λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:23
They are fantastically weird.
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정말 μ΄μƒν•˜κ²Œ 생겼죠.
07:25
They're fantastically beautiful.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν™˜μƒμ μœΌλ‘œ μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μ›Œμš”.
07:27
They do some very strange things.
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λ―Όλ‹¬νŒ½μ΄λŠ” ꡉμž₯히 νŠΉμ΄ν•œ 행동을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:30
There’s a lot of really interesting biology going on with these animals.
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λ―Όλ‹¬νŒ½μ΄λ₯Ό 주제둜 ν•œ μ•„μ£Ό ν₯미둜운 생물학 연ꡬ도 많고
07:34
And there’s so much that we don’t know.
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이것에 λŒ€ν•΄ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λͺ°λžλ˜ 사싀이 정말 λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:36
Many slugs,
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κ³Όν•™ 논문에 수둝된 λ‚΄μš©μ€ λ―Όλ‹¬νŒ½μ΄μ— λŒ€ν•œ κ°„λž΅ν•œ μ„€λͺ… λΏμ΄μ§€λ§Œ
07:38
the only scientific paper written on them is a species description.
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07:41
And there's many more out there that haven't even been described.
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아직 논문에 λ‚˜μ˜€μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 비밀이 많이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:44
So there's so much for us to learn and so much that we don't know.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•Œμ•„μ•Ό ν•  것과 λͺ°λžλ˜ 것이 λ„ˆλ¬΄ λ§Žλ‹€λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
07:47
It's just wide open and so fascinating to me.
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이것이 μ œκ°€ λ―Όλ‹¬νŒ½μ΄ 연ꡬ에 λͺ°λ‘ν•˜λŠ” μ΄μœ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:51
Now, in the ocean, there are many types of slugs.
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λ°”λ‹€μ—λŠ” 맀우 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ λ―Όλ‹¬νŒ½μ΄κ°€ μ„œμ‹ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:54
I've sort of shown you that already.
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μ œκ°€ 미리 이것을 λΆ„λ₯˜ν•΄ λ΄€λŠ”λ°
07:56
There's two groups that I'm going to tell you about now.
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μ˜€λŠ˜μ€ λ―Όλ‹¬νŒ½μ΄λ₯Ό 두 λΆ€λ₯˜λ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ  μ„€λͺ…ν•΄ λ“œλ¦¬κ³ μž ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:59
One group is probably the most famous of them
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ν•œ λΆ€λ₯˜λŠ” λ―Όλ‹¬νŒ½μ΄ μ€‘μ—μ„œλ„ κ°€μž₯ 잘 μ•Œλ €μ Έ 있고
08:02
and certainly the most diverse in terms of total number of species,
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κ°€μž₯ λ§Žμ€ μ’…μ˜ λ―Όλ‹¬νŒ½μ΄κ°€ μ†ν•˜λŠ” λ‚˜μƒˆλ₯˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:06
are the nudibranchs.
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08:07
And that name, β€œnudi,” means naked,
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β€˜λ‚˜β€™λŠ” β€˜λ²Œκ±°λ²—μ€β€™μ΄λž€ 뜻이고 β€˜μƒˆβ€™λŠ” μ•„κ°€λ―Έλ₯Ό λœ»ν•˜μ£ .
08:10
but "branch" means gills.
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08:11
So it's referring to those feathery tufts that we're seeing on these animals.
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λ‚˜μƒˆλ₯˜μ˜ λͺΈμ— λ³΄μ΄λŠ” κΉƒν„Έ 같은 κ²ƒλ“€μ˜ λ‹€λ°œμ—μ„œ 유래된 μ΄λ¦„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:15
They're beautiful, they're diverse, they're interesting,
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아름닡고, ν₯λ―Έλ‘­κ³ , λ‹€μ±„λ‘­μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:18
and they're carnivores.
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λ‚˜μƒˆλ₯˜λŠ” μœ‘μ‹λ™λ¬Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:20
They eat other animals, mostly -- they are slugs, right,
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λ‚˜μƒˆλ₯˜λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ 동물을 λ¨Ήκ³  μ‚¬λŠ”λ°, 주둜 λ―Όλ‹¬νŒ½μ΄λ₯Ό 먹이둜 μ‚ΌκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
08:23
so they’re not chasing things down.
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ꡳ이 λ‹€λ₯Έ 동물을 좔격할 ν•„μš”κ°€ μ—†μ£ . λ‹€λ₯Έ 느린 동물을 λ¨ΉμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
08:25
They eat other slow things.
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08:26
So sometimes other slugs,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ’…μ’… λ‹€λ₯Έ λ―Όλ‹¬νŒ½μ΄λ‚˜
08:28
they also eat things like sponges and in some cases,
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해면을 먹기도 ν•˜κ³ 
08:31
relatives of our corals,
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μ•„λ„€λͺ¨λ„€μ™€ 같은 μ‚°ν˜Έμ˜ 친쑱 동물을 먹기도 ν•˜μ£ .
08:33
like sea anemones.
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08:35
And some of these nudibranchs that do that
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μ–΄λ–€ λ‚˜μƒˆλ₯˜ 쒅듀은 μ•žμ„œ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•œ 주산텔라λ₯Ό μ·¨ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:38
are able to take those zooxanthellae that we were talking about earlier,
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08:41
put them inside of their own cells,
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주산텔라λ₯Ό λ‚˜μƒˆλ₯˜ μžμ‹ μ˜ 세포에 λ„£μ–΄μ„œ 광합성을 ν•˜λŠ” 것이죠.
08:43
and then they become photosynthetic.
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08:46
So they steal their photosynthesis.
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즉 λ‚˜μƒˆλ₯˜λŠ” μ£Όμ‚°ν…”λΌμ˜ 광합성을 ν›”μΉ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:48
They're excellent thieves.
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μ•„μ£Ό μ˜λ¦¬ν•œ 도둑이죠.
08:50
Some of them even steal the stinging cells out of jellyfish and anemones
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μ–΄λ–€ λ‚˜μƒˆλ₯˜λ“€μ€ μ‚°ν˜Έμ™€ μ•„λ„€λͺ¨λ„€μ˜ μžμ„Έν¬κΉŒμ§€ ν›”μ³μ„œ
08:56
and use them for their own defense.
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자기 방어에 μ΄μš©ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•˜λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
08:57
Absolutely fantastic.
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정말 κΈ°μƒμ²œμ™Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:01
This is my favorite group of slugs.
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이것은 μ œκ°€ κ°€μž₯ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ”
09:02
These are the sacoglossan sea slugs.
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λ˜λ‹€λ₯Έ λΆ€λ₯˜μΈ μ‚¬μ½”κΈ€λ‘œμ‚¬ λ°”λ‹€λ―Όλ‹¬νŒ½μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:04
They are also thieves.
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μ‚¬μ½”κΈ€λ‘œμ‚¬ μ—­μ‹œ 도둑이죠.
09:06
They are, you may notice, green, right?
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„ λˆˆμΉ˜μ±„μ…¨κ² μ§€λ§Œ 이것듀이 μ΄ˆλ‘μƒ‰μΈ κ±° λ³΄μ΄μ‹œμ£ ?
09:10
Some of them are green for camouflage,
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μœ„μž₯을 μœ„ν•΄ μ΄ˆλ‘μƒ‰μ„ 띠기도 ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
09:12
but many of them are green for a very different reason.
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€ λ‹€λ₯Έ 이유둜 μ΄ˆλ‘μƒ‰μ„ 띠게 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:15
These slugs are herbivores,
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이 λ―Όλ‹¬νŒ½μ΄λŠ” μ΄ˆμ‹ 동물인데 νŠΉμ΄ν•˜κ²Œλ„ μ•„μ£Ό μž‘μ€ 이빨을 ν•˜λ‚˜ κ°–κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:16
and they have a special single little tooth,
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09:19
and they just poke one little hole into the algae,
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μ‚¬μ½”κΈ€λ‘œμ‚¬λŠ” μ‘°λ₯˜ μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œ μž‘μ€ ꡬ멍을 μ°”λŸ¬ λ„£μ–΄μ„œ
09:23
and then they slurp out the contents inside of it.
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κ·Έ μ•ˆμ˜ λ‚΄μš©λ¬Όμ„ 후루룩 λΉ¨μ•„λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:25
And they take some of those contents and they digest them.
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그리고 κ·Έ λ‚΄μš©λ¬Ό 쀑 일뢀λ₯Ό μ†Œν™”μ‹œν‚€μ£ .
09:29
But others, the chloroplasts,
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μ—½λ‘μ²΄λŠ” μ‹λ¬Όμ˜ 광합성에 ν•„μš”ν•œ 식물 세포 λ‚΄ μ†ŒκΈ°κ΄€μΈλ°
09:31
which are the organelles inside of a plant cell
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09:33
that allows plants to photosynthesize,
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09:36
the slugs take those and stick them inside of their own cells,
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μ‚¬μ½”κΈ€λ‘œμ‚¬λŠ” 이 엽둝체λ₯Ό 뺏어 자기 세포 μ•ˆμ— λΆ™μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:39
and then they become photosynthetic.
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그리고 광합성을 ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ£ .
09:41
We call this kleptoplasty.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이것을 λ„λ‘‘μƒ‰μ†Œμ²΄λΌκ³  λΆ€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:43
"Klepto", as in to steal, "plasty" as in chloroplast, right?
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β€œKletoβ€λŠ” ν›”μΉ˜λ‹€, β€œplastyβ€λŠ” 엽둝체λ₯Ό λœ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:46
So they've stolen chloroplasts.
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즉 λ„λ‘‘λ§žμ€ μ—½λ‘μ²΄λž€ 뜻이죠.
09:49
And these slugs, it varies,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ‚¬μ½”κΈ€λ‘œμ‚¬λ„ μ’…λ₯˜κ°€ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œλ°
09:50
some of them can only do this for a couple of days,
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μ–΄λ–€ 쒅은 도둑 광합성을 단 며칠만 ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•˜κ³ 
09:53
but some can do this for many months, even complete their entire life cycle.
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μ–΄λ–€ 쒅듀은 수 κ°œμ›”, 심지어 μ‚΄μ•„κ°€λŠ” λ‚΄λ‚΄ μ§€μ†ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:57
Let's take a little bit closer look
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이 쀑 ν•œ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ μ†Œν™” 과정에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ’€ 더 μžμ„Ένžˆ μ•Œμ•„λ³Όκ²Œμš”.
09:59
at the digestive track of one of these slugs.
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10:01
This is a photo by my colleague Nick Curtis.
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닉 μ»€ν‹°μŠ€λΌλŠ” 제 λ™λ£Œκ°€ 찍은 μ‚¬μ§„μΈλ°μš”.
10:03
And this is showing us the digestive tubules of these animals.
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이것은 이 λ™λ¬Όλ“€μ˜ μ†Œν™” 세관을 λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:06
So their digestive track is highly branched.
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μ†Œν™”κ΄€μ΄ ꡉμž₯히 μ„ΈλΆ„ν™”λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:08
It goes in many different directions.
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μ—¬λŸ¬ λ°©ν–₯으둜 갈라져 있죠.
10:10
And at the end of these branches,
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이 μ†Œν™”κ΄€μ˜ λμ—λŠ” μ—½λ‘μ²΄λ‘œ μ±„μ›Œμ§„ λ§‰νžŒ 관이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:12
we have these cul de sacs that are loaded with chloroplasts.
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10:17
If we look closer at a single cell in one of these cul de sacs,
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제 λ™λ£ŒμΈ 닉 μ»€ν‹°μŠ€κ°€ 찍은 λ‹€λ₯Έ 사진을 톡해
10:21
also a photo by my colleague Nick Curtis,
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이 λ§‰νžŒ κ΄€μ˜ 세포 ν•œ 개λ₯Ό 더 κ°€κΉŒμ΄μ„œ λ“€μ—¬λ‹€λ³Όκ²Œμš”.
10:25
we see a single cell here.
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10:27
That's what we're looking at, that structure labeled N.
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N이라고 쓰인 뢀뢄이 λ°”λ‘œ μ„Έν¬μ˜ ν•΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:30
That is the nucleus of the cell.
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10:32
But all of those structures labeled C and everything that looks like them,
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그리고 Cκ°€ λΆ™μ–΄μžˆλŠ” ꡬ쑰와 λ˜‘κ°™μ΄ 생긴 것듀,
10:35
those circles, those are chloroplasts,
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즉, μ € 동그라미듀은 λ‹€ 엽둝체인데
10:37
and they're jammed in there so tight and so dense
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ꡉμž₯히 μ‘°λ°€ν•˜κ²Œ λ°°μ—΄λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:41
that there's more chloroplasts in that cell
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κ·Έ 세포 μ•ˆμ— μžˆλŠ” 엽둝체가 μ‘°λ₯˜λ³΄λ‹€ 더 λ§Žλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:43
than you would find in the algae, at least in terms of density.
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μ΅œμ†Œν•œ 밀도 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œλ§Œ λ³Έλ‹€λ©΄μš”.
10:48
This is wonderful.
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μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 일이죠.
10:49
These animals have stolen photosynthesis,
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이 동물듀은 도둑 광합성을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:51
and you can see some of them kind of look like leafs, right?
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λ‚˜λ­‡μžŽμ²˜λŸΌ 생긴 것 λ³΄μ΄μ‹œμ£ ?
10:55
They're super green,
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이듀은 μ™„μ „ν•œ μ΄ˆλ‘μƒ‰μ΄κ³ 
10:56
they're fantastically photosynthetic.
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κΈ°μƒμ²œμ™Έν•œ λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ 광합성을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:59
And how they do this is somewhat of a mystery.
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 광합성을 ν•˜λŠ”μ§€λŠ” 아직 풀리지 μ•Šμ€ μˆ˜μˆ˜κ»˜λΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:02
Taking a chloroplast and sticking inside of a cell
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엽둝체λ₯Ό λ¨Ήμ–΄μ„œ 그것을 세포 μ•ˆμ— λΆ™μ΄λŠ” κ²ƒλ§ŒμœΌλ‘œλŠ”
11:04
is not enough to become photosynthetic.
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광합성을 μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κΈ°μ— λΆ€μ‘±ν•˜μ£ .
11:06
Chloroplasts need things that the algae provide to them
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광합성을 ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ—½λ‘μ²΄λŠ” μ‘°λ₯˜κ°€ μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” 물질이 ν•„μš”ν•œλ°
11:11
that animals shouldn’t be able to do.
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이것은 동물이 슀슀둜 ν•  수 μ—†λŠ” μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:13
And we've started to unravel some of this.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 수수께끼λ₯Ό ν’€κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:16
And this is a slow process
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이제 겨우 μ‹œμž‘ 단계일 λΏμ΄μ§€λ§Œ
11:18
and something that we're just really scratching the surface of.
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천천히 μ‹ μ€‘ν•˜κ²Œ ν’€μ–΄κ°€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:21
But one of the things that we've discovered for the two slugs shown here,
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μ—¬κΈ° λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 두 개의 λ―Όλ‹¬νŒ½μ΄λ₯Ό 톡해 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ°œκ²¬ν•œ 사싀 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ”
11:25
the emerald sea slug,
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ν‘Έλ₯Έ λ―Όλ‹¬νŒ½μ΄κ°€ ν•œ 번의 식사 ν›„ μžμ‹ μ˜ 성체 수λͺ…인 9κ°œμ›” λ‚΄λ‚΄
11:26
which can photosynthesize for its entire adult life cycle,
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11:29
nine months after one meal.
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광합성을 ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:32
And the lettuce sea slug,
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μΉ΄λ¦¬λΈŒν•΄ 전역에 μ„œμ‹ν•˜λŠ” 상좔 λ―Όλ‹¬νŒ°μ΄λŠ”
11:33
which lives throughout the Caribbean
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11:35
and the primary one I study,
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μ œκ°€ 주둜 μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” μ’…μœΌλ‘œ
11:37
photosynthesizes three or four months after a meal.
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ν•œ 번 식사λ₯Ό ν•˜λ©΄ 3~4κ°œμ›” λ™μ•ˆ 광합성을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:40
Both of these animals are able to make chlorophyll,
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이 두 동물 λͺ¨λ‘ μ—½λ‘μ†Œλ₯Ό 생산할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:43
which is one of the chemicals
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μ—½λ‘μ†ŒλŠ” 광합성을 ν•˜λŠ” 데에 ν•„μš”ν•œ ν™”ν•™ 물질 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:46
that is needed for photosynthesis to occur.
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11:49
And animals should not be able to do this.
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동물듀은 μ—½λ‘μ†Œλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚Ό 수 μ—†μ£ .
11:52
But somehow these slugs have managed to do it.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 λ―Όλ‹¬νŒ½μ΄λ“€μ€ 슀슀둜 μ—½λ‘μ†Œλ₯Ό 생성할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:55
And so this is one of the things that I find really exciting
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μ œκ°€ μ°Ύμ•„λ‚Έ μ•„μ£Ό ν₯미둜운 사싀이고
11:58
and that we're trying to unravel.
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κ·Έ 비밀을 ν’€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ…Έλ ₯ν•˜κ³  있죠.
12:00
But there's so many things that we still don't know about this.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ—¬μ „νžˆ 이 동물듀에 λŒ€ν•΄ λͺ¨λ₯΄λŠ” 것이 정말 λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:03
So many questions we haven't even thought of yet to ask.
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λ¬Όμ–΄λ³Ό 생각쑰차 ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έλ“€μ΄ 아직 많죠.
12:07
What's going on here at the cellular level?
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세포 μ•ˆμ—μ„œλŠ” 무슨 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚ κΉŒμš”?
12:09
What's happening at the molecular level?
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λΆ„μž μˆ˜μ€€μ—μ„œλŠ” 무슨 일이 λ²Œμ–΄μ§€κ³  μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
12:11
What's happening at the biochemical level?
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생화학적 μˆ˜μ€€μ—μ„œλŠ” μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
12:13
We're starting to get the answers to these questions.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ§€κΈˆλΆ€ν„° 이 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λŒ€ν•œ 닡을 찾고자 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:16
But there's so much we don't know yet.
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아직 λͺ¨λ₯΄λŠ” 것듀이 많긴 ν•˜μ§€λ§Œμš”.
12:19
Why are some of them blue?
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μ™œ 저것듀은 νŒŒλž€μƒ‰μΌκΉŒμš”?
12:21
I have no idea.
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저도 아직 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:22
But some of our slugs are occasionally this wonderful blue color,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ―Όλ‹¬νŒ½μ΄λŠ” μ’…μ’… 이런 멋진 ν‘Έλ₯Έμƒ‰μ„ 띠기도 ν•˜κ³ 
12:25
something we hope to someday figure out.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ–Έμ  κ°€ κ·Έ 이유λ₯Ό λ°ν˜€λ‚΄κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:28
So I hope you've enjoyed this introduction to sea slugs.
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λ°”λ‹€ λ―Όλ‹¬νŒ½μ΄μ— λŒ€ν•œ 였늘 제 강연이 μž¬λ―ΈμžˆμœΌμ…¨κΈ°λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:31
I hope this leaves you curious to learn more
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이 강연을 λ“£κ³  λ―Όλ‹¬νŒ½μ΄μ™€ λ‹€λ₯Έ 무척좔동물에 λŒ€ν•΄
12:33
about slugs and other invertebrates.
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ν˜ΈκΈ°μ‹¬μ΄ μƒκΈ°μ…¨μœΌλ©΄ μ’‹κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:36
There's just so much that we don't know and so much out there for us to learn.
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아직 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λͺ¨λ₯΄λŠ” 것도, 배울 것도 λ¬΄κΆλ¬΄μ§„ν•˜κ±°λ“ μš”.
12:40
Thank you very much.
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λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:42
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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