An Updated Action Plan for Solving the Climate Crisis | Ryan Panchadsaram and Anjali Grover | TED

Translator: Hafizh Al Kapid Reviewer: Sabrina Go

Anjali Grover: What we've seen over the last few years

Anjali Grover: Di tahun-tahun ini

tingkat investasi dan inovasi meningkat tajam.

is unprecedented levels of investment and innovation.

But in order for us to solve the problem in time,

Tapi kalau ingin masalahnya selesai tepat waktu,

we need to put pressure on our leaders to take action now.

kita harus menekan pemerintah untuk segera bertindak.

[An action plan for solving the climate crisis]

[Rencana tindakan mengatasi krisis iklim]

[Rencana tindakan terbaru mengatasi krisis iklim]

[An updated action plan for solving the climate crisis]

David Biello: Anda punya rencana untuk mengatasi perubahan iklim.

David Biello: You guys have a plan to solve climate change.

Tolong ceritakan.

Tell me about that.

Ryan Panchadsaram: Ya. Sejak 2020 kami menggunakan OKR

Ryan Panchadsaram: We do.

Back in 2020, we set out to apply OKRs to the climate crisis.

untuk krisis iklim.

OKR adalah Objectives and Key Result (tujuan dan hasil utama).

And OKRs are objectives and key results.

It's a goal-setting tool used by thousands of organizations

Alat penentu tujuan yang banyak digunakan

to reach for their most audacious goals.

untuk mencapai tujuan yang paling gila.

And so in 2021, we published a book and an action plan.

Jadi pada 2021 kami merilis buku dan rencana tindakan.

And that action plan described how to tackle the climate crisis.

Rencana itu adalah bagaimana kita mengatasi krisis iklim.

But it used these OKRs.

Menggunakan OKR ini.

So 10 objectives of what we need to accomplish,

Jadi kita membuat 10 tujuan, yang ingin kita capai,

each paired with a handful of KRs to tell us how we get there,

masing-masing kita carikan jalannya,

what we need to really do.

dan apa yang kita perlukan.

And then in 2022, we updated speedandscale.com

Dan tahu 2022 kita memperbarui speedandscale.com

to track how we were doing.

untuk melacak kemajuan kita.

And now, for the first time, 2024,

Dan sekarang, untuk pertama kalinya, 2024,

we're setting out to answer the hard question

kita menghadapi pertanyaan sulit

of how are we doing in tackling the climate crisis.

yaitu bagaimana kita mengatasi krisis iklim.

DB: So in 2021, you joined us in Edinburgh

Jadi di 2021, kalian bergabung dengan kami di Edinburgh

and gave a talk on stage with John Doerr.

memberi ceramah dengan John Doerr.

(Video) John Doerr: There are six big objectives.

(Video) John Doerr: Kita punya enam tujuan besar.

We're going to electrify transportation,

Membuat transportasi elektrik,

which means stop using diesel and gas for our vehicles.

yang berarti tak ada lagi diesel dan gas untuk kendaraan kita.

We're going to decarbonize the grid with wind and solar and nuclear.

Dekarbonasi jaringan listrik menggunakan angin, matahari dan nuklir.

We're going to fix our food systems.

Membenahi sistem pangan.

And that includes eating less meat and dairy,

Termasuk mengurangi makan daging dan susu,

reducing food waste

mengurangi sampah makanan

and improving our soil health.

dan menyehatkan tanah.

Fourth, we’re going to protect nature: that’s stopping deforestation,

Keempat, melindungi alam, menghentikan deforestrasi,

protecting our oceans.

melindungi laut kita.

Fifth, we're going to clean up our materials,

Kelima, membersihkan material kita,

how we make things like cement and steel.

cara kita membuat semen dan baja.

And then sixth, we're going to have to figure out ways

Keenam, kita harus mencari cara

to remove the carbon that remains.

untuk membersihkan sisa karbon.

DB: What's the update?

Apa yang baru?

How have we done?

Bagaimana yang kemarin?

AG: In many ways, what we found wouldn't surprise you.

Yang kami temukan takkan mengejutkanmu.

When we looked at our key results, many of them were off-course or failing.

Hasilnya banyak yang keluar jalur atau gagal.

But there was some good news.

Tapi ada kabar baik

And I think there's a lot of reason to pay attention to that good news.

dan kupikir kabar itu penting.

Pertama, tentang kendaraan listrik (KL).

The first is around electric vehicles.

Penjualan benar-benar meroket.

Sales have absolutely skyrocketed.

We've seen exponential growth in that category.

Penjualannya tumbuh secara eksponensial.

The second is around renewables.

Kedua adalah energi terbarukan.

Costs have come down over the last few decades,

Di beberapa dekade terakhir ongkosnya turun,

and they're at historic lows.

terendah dalam sejarah.

We're also seeing record deployment.

Kami juga melihat adanya pemerataan.

And the third is around venture funding for clean tech.

Dan ketiga adalah tentang investasi teknologi bersih.

So in 2019, it was at about 16 billion dollars per year.

Tahun 2019 angkanya sampai 16 miliar USD per tahun.

That number soared to about 56 billion dollars in 2021.

Angka itu terus naik sampai 56 miliar USD di tahun 2021.

And it stayed put.

Dan bertahan di situ.

What all of that points to

Yang mengarah pada hal

is what I think the most under-told story in climate.

yang jarang disinggung dalam tema iklim,

And that is around temperature projections.

yaitu tentang proyeksi suhu.

So if you go back about 10 years ago,

Jika Anda kembali 10 tahun yang lalu,

what you would find is when looking at temperature projections

dan Anda melihat proyeksi suhu

for the year 2100,

untuk tahun 2100,

we were looking at about 3.9 degrees Celsius.

angkanya sekitar 3,9 derajat Celcius.

What that number is today is 2.7 degrees.

Hari ini angkanya 2,7 derajat.

That means we've made 1.2 degrees of progress.

Itu artinya kita berhasil menurunkan 1,2 derajat.

We've shaved off that doomsday scenario.

Kita menyelamatkan dunia dari kiamat.

It's still not great.

Tapi itu belum cukup.

We don't want to live in a 2.7-degree world,

Kita tidak mau hidup dengan suhu 2,7 derajat,

but we have made progress.

tapi kami telah membuat kemajuan.

And I think that's really important to note

Saya pikir ini penting untuk dicatat karena

because, you know, if you look at the headlines

jika Anda baca judul berita

and kind of absorb what the news and chatter is around you,

dan percakapan di sekitar Anda

we've sort of moved from climate denialism to climate doomerism,

kita beralih dari penyangkalan iklim ke rasa pesimistik untuk bisa selamat.

and it's made strange bedfellows out of both climate activists

Dan ini menciptakan perselingkuhan yang aneh antara aktivis iklim

and fossil fuel interests.

dan bisnis bahan bakar fosil.

But I think what the story around temperature projections tells us

Tapi yang bisa kita simpulkan dari proyeksi suhu adalah

is that we're not making as much progress as we want to be making,

kemajuan kita belum mencapai target,

but we have made progress and we can continue to make more.

tapi kita sudah membuat kemajuan dan kita bisa melanjutkannya.

DB: So we've gone from catastrophe to bad ...

Jadi kita pindah dari bencana ke buruk...

AG: And we can do better.

Kita bisa lebih baik lagi.

DB: So how can we do better?

Bagaimana?

RP: The neat thing about the tracker,

Yang keren dari pelacak ini,

saat Anda lihat yang merah dan jingga,

when you look at what red and orange mean,

itu menunjukkan kita tak bergerak di metriks itu

it means that we are either not moving on those metrics

or they're sliding backwards.

atau justru mundur.

So when you think about, whether you're an activist, a nonprofit,

Jadi jika Anda seorang aktivis, nirlaba,

you're thinking about investing in new companies,

Anda ingin berinvestasi ke perusahaan baru,

these are the areas to spend a lot of attention on.

Anda harus perhatikan area ini.

So it's things like how do you tackle beef,

Ini akan menunjukkan konsumsi daging sapi,

methane leaks, deforestation, coal still being burned.

kebocoran metana, deforestrasi, pembakaran batu bara.

So if you're thinking about entering this climate crisis fight,

Jadi jika Anda ingin menyelamatkan iklim,

that's where to spend your time and effort.

Anda harus perhatikan itu semua.

And then there's the handful of areas which are yellow

Kemudian ada area kuning

which mean progress is being made,

yang artinya sudah ada kemajuan,

but it's insufficient to get to that 2030 or 2050 target.

tapi tidak cukup untuk mencapai target di 2030 atau 2050.

And then, of course, there are the areas which are green,

Dan tentu saja, ada area hijau,

which means that we're at pace and we're going to get there.

yang berarti semuanya berjalan lancar dan akan sesuai target.

A place like electric vehicle sales is one of those.

Penjualan kendaraan listrik ada di area itu.

And then there's the few places where you have blue,

Kemudian ada area biru,

which means achieved.

yang berarti sudah tercapai.

AG: What we found over the last few years

Temuan kami di beberapa tahun terakhir

is that despite the dizzying pace of innovation deployment,

adalah terlepas dari laju pemerataan inovasi yang amat memusingkan,

despite record levels of investment,

terlepas dari tingkat investasi,

we're not on a net-zero pathway.

kita belum di jalur nol-bersih.

And what that means is that when we look at the problem of climate,

Dan itu artinya mengatasi masalah iklim,

we know it's time-bound.

kita dikejar waktu.

We might get there eventually with innovation and investment,

Bisa saja kita sampai dengan inovasi dan investasi,

but we don't have eventually, as we all know.

tapi mungkin akan terlambat.

So what we need is a kind of third leg of the stool.

Yang kita butuhkan adalah kerjasama dari semua pihak.

We need innovation and investment, but we also need policy.

Kita perlu inovasi dan investasi, kita juga perlu kebijakan.

We have to have the three working together

Ketiganya harus bersinergi

in order to get to a place

untuk dapat menurunkan

where we can reduce emissions in half by the end of the decade,

setengah emisi di akhir dekade,

dan mencapai nol-bersih pada 2050.

and get all the way to net zero by 2050.

DB: OK, so where are the big problem spots?

Oke, jadi di mana masalah besarnya?

Where do we need to focus our efforts?

Di mana kita perlu memfokuskan upaya kita?

RP: Unsurprisingly,

Nyatanya,

the hard-to-abate sectors are where we're struggling the most.

yang paling sulit ada pada sektor yang paling harus dikurangi.

So think concrete, think steel.

Coba pikirkan beton, pikirkan baja.

And so when you look at concrete,

Jika Anda melihat beton,

well to form and create it, you actually have to emit a lot.

dalam pembuatannya Anda membuang banyak hal.

Like the actual process itself does.

Prosesnya sendiri begitu.

And so you need new chemistries and ways to produce concrete and cement.

Jadi butuh bahan kimia baru dan upaya untuk membuat beton dan semen.

But to fund it, the amount of venture capital going to those areas,

Tapi untuk membiayainya, jumlah modal yang masuk ke area tersebut,

it's not where they need to be.

belum mencukupi.

(Video) Tom Schuler: Cement is the glue that holds concrete together.

(Video)Tom Schuler: Semen adalah perekat beton.

Setiap ton semen yang diproduksi,

For every ton of cement that's manufactured,

almost a ton of CO2 is emitted into the atmosphere.

melepas hampir satu ton CO2 ke atmosfir.

Now, convincing a 2,000-year-old industry,

Meyakinkan industri berusia 2.000 tahun,

that hasn't evolved much over the last 200 years,

yang tidak banyak berubah dalam 200 tahun terakhir,

is not easy,

tidaklah mudah,

but there are lots of new and existing industry players

tapi ada banyak pemain industri yang baru dan lama

that are attacking that challenge.

yang berani menjawab tantangan itu.

RP: For green steel, the actual solutions are closer,

Dengan baja hijau, sebenarnya solusinya sudah dekat,

but you actually need more capital to start deploying those factories

tapi kau masih butuh banyak modal untuk memperbanyak pabrik

and facilities that can use and create green steel,

dan fasilitas untuk membuat baja hijau

either using electricity or hydrogen.

entah menggunakan listrik atau hidrogen.

We need not only more capital to deploy the clean alternatives,

Kita tak hanya butuh banyak pemodal untuk memperluas alternatif bersih,

we need more investment going into the new kinds of chemistries

kita juga perlu banyak investasi di penelitian kimia

and technologies

dan teknologi jenis baru

to have those solutions exist in the next decade and so forth.

untuk mencapai solusinya di dekade seterusnya.

We have all the solutions today to cut half of our emissions,

Kita sudah punya semua solusi untuk memangkas setengah emisi kita,

and we need new ones to get all the way to net zero.

dan kita butuh yang baru untuk mencapai nol-bersih.

AG: The other area that we need to see much greater improvement on is food.

Area lain yang harus kita perhatikan adalah makanan.

And food is such a diffuse problem.

Makanan adalah masalah yang tersebar.

We have problems just about everywhere we look.

Kami lihat masalahnya ada di mana-mana.

But in particular, the methane part of the food issue is not a problem

Khususnya, metana yang dihasilkan dari makanan bukanlah masalah yang

that's going to go away any time soon.

yang akan hilang dalam waktu dekat.

(Video) Ermias Kebreab: The process by which grass and fiber

(Video) Ermias Kebreab: Proses di mana rumput dan serat

is broken up in the stomachs of cows

dipecah di dalam perut sapi

and other grazing ruminants,

dan pemamah biak yang lain,

has a byproduct: methane.

menghasilkan metana.

A potent greenhouse gas.

Gas rumah kaca yang kuat.

We have a methane problem from cows.

Kita punya masalah metana dari sapi.

AG: If you rewind, about three years ago,

Jika kita kembali ke tiga tahun lalu,

we were at the advent of the fake meat era.

kita ada di era munculnya daging palsu.

And what we like to say now -- well, we don't really like to say it,

Kami ingin katakan -- ya, sebenarnya tidak juga,

but it's that fake meat 1.0 failed and 2.0 can't come soon enough.

tapi daging palsu itu, yang pertama gagal dan yang kedua tak kunjung datang.

What we've seen is that that first era of innovation with plant-based proteins

Yang kami lihat adalah era pertama inovasi protein nabati ini

really didn't have the stickiness that we wanted it to.

benar-benar tak seperti yang orang inginkan.

It failed to capture the market.

Produk ini gagal menembus pasar.

But we also have to remember

Tapi kita harus ingat juga

that it's like any other technological innovation.

bahwa seperti inovasi teknologi yang lain

It's at a very nascent stage,

ini tahap yang sangat awal,

and it needs time to develop so that it can improve on taste,

butuh waktu untuk memperbaiki rasa,

on health and on price.

kesehatan dan harganya.

The problem right now on food,

Masalah makanan kita saat ini,

and in particular with regard to plant-based proteins,

khususnya yang berkaitan dengan protein nabati,

is that we're not seeing the investment that we would need

adalah kita tak punya cukup investasi

in order to make those improvements.

untuk melakukan perbaikan tersebut.

In fact, over the last three years,

Faktanya, tiga tahun terakhir,

funding has essentially halved year over year.

pendanaan berkurang setengah setiap tahun.

So we've got a kind of insatiable appetite for meat, particularly beef,

Kita punya nafsu serakah pada daging, terutama sapi,

that we were seeing that demand from all over the world.

terlihat dari permintaannya di seluruh dunia.

And we don't have great solutions on the horizon.

Dan kami tak punya solusi terbaiknya untuk itu.

So fake meat 1.0 failed, 2.0 can't come soon enough,

Jadi daging palsu yang pertama gagal, yang kedua tak kunjung datang.

and we really need to pour more dollars into this area to better the product

Maka kita perlu menggelontorkan banyak uang untuk mengembangkan produk

and get it to the next stage.

lebih baik lagi.

DB: Although we could also just eat less beef.

Kita juga bisa dengan mengurangi makan daging sapi.

AG: Absolutely, and we should.

Tentu saja, dan kita harus.

RP: That recommendation there is so simple

Rekomendasi barusan itu sederhana

yet it orients towards the gigatons.

tapi bisa berdampak besar.

Like, one thing about the Speed and Scale plan is that how do you take

seperti cara kerja Speedandscale

tentang bagaimana mengefisienkan waktu dan upaya

all the time that we have to tackle this problem

point it towards where you can get the most leverage?

untuk hasil maksimal?

Anda benar sekali,

And so you're absolutely right,

makanlah selain daging sapi, kurangi makan daging sapi,

in food, it’s going after beef; we eat less beef,

that is one of the primary sources of emissions in the food sector.

itu termasuk sumber utama emisi di sektor pangan.

So is waste and so is improving soils.

Belum lagi limbah dan tanahnya.

And so yes, it is that simple.

Sesederhana itu.

We don't have to be vegan.

Tidak harus menjadi vegan.

Eat a lot less beef.

Kurangi makan daging sapi.

Apa yang bisa diambil dari contoh suksesnya?

DB: So what can we learn from the success stories?

Kau bilang kendaraan listrik (KL).

You mentioned EVs.

AG: The best news in climate, David, is cars.

Kabar terbaiknya, David, adalah mobil.

We've seen astronomical progress there.

Ada kemajuan besar di sana.

We've gone from three percent of new vehicle sales being electric

Penjualannya naik dari 3%

to 17 percent.

menjadi 17%.

That's exponential progress.

Itu kemajuan yang eksponensial.

And one of the things that we like to say

Kami ingin bilang

is if Tesla is the spark that lit the EV revolution,

jika Tesla yang mempelopori KL,

China has been the TNT.

Tiongkok adalah TNT.

It has about 60 percent market share in EVs today.

Tiongkok punya 60% pangsa pasar KL hari ini.

China's leadership on this front is really something

Keunggulan Tiongkok di bidang ini benar-benar

that other countries should take note of.

harus dicatat negara-negara lain.

We need other countries to step up.

Kita butuh kontribusi negara lainnya.

This can't be a one-country game,

Tak bisa hanya satu negara,

both for economic competitiveness reasons but also for the sake of the planet.

baik untuk alasan persaingan tapi juga demi planet ini.

DB: The batteries that kind of fuel the EV industry

Baterai yang jadi bahan bakar KL

can be used for many other purposes.

punya banyak kegunaan.

They get cheaper as a result of the EVs,

mereka semakin murah karena adanya KL,

and then they're cheaper to put in your house for storage,

dan lebih praktis disimpan di rumah,

for the other success story.

untuk kisah sukses lainnya.

Tentu saja.

AG: Absolutely.

Menariknya tentang hal itu adalah daur ulangnya,

RP: Well, the nice thing about that too is like in the recycling of them too,

pasti Anda juga terpikir akan tambangnya.

you also then think about the concerns around mining.

Ya, saat ini akan ada ekstraksi besar-besaran

Yes, right now there's going to be a level of extraction

that has to happen to create these batteries.

untuk membuat baterai.

But if we can do that more responsibly,

Tapi jika kita lakukan dengan benar,

if that can be spread more equitably around the world,

kebaikan akan tersebar ke seluruh dunia,

dan coba pikirkan

but then think about what happens

when you can start to recycle those batteries.

kau bisa mendaur ulang baterai.

Tapi Anda benar.

Berita bagus lainnya adalah laju penyebaran energi bersih bukan?

But you're right.

The other great news area is the pace of clean energy deployment, right?

Right now solar and wind are at the cheapest they've ever been.

Saat ini matahari dan angin adalah yang termurah yang dimiliki.

They are cost-competitive to coal and gas.

Biayanya bersaing dengan batu bara dan gas.

We need storage to get there as well too,

Kita juga butuh penyimpanan ,

but to your point, battery costs are dropping.

dan seperti katamu, harga baterai sudah turun,

So that's an achievable piece too.

Jadi itu bagian yang dapat dicapai juga.

When you talk about the numbers,

Jika kita bicara angka,

the pace of solar deployment between this year and last,

laju penyebaran energi matahari antara tahun ini dan sebelumnya,

we're talking about a 50 percent improvement

ada peningkatan 50%

at I think it's 500 gigawatts of clean energy.

itu sekitar 500 gigawatt energi bersih.

And that's going to go up next year

Dan itu akan naik di tahun depan

and continue to go up, like, that is astronomical.

dan terus naik, besar-besaran.

And so I think part of the message you want to carry

Saya pikir pesan yang ingin Anda bawa

is not only keep the hope that this is possible,

bukan hanya menjaga harapan,

but we actually still do need to work a lot harder to tackle this crisis.

tapi juga kita harus bekerja lebih keras untuk mengatasi krisis.

DB: So do you both have hope?

Apa kalian punya harapan?

RP: The hope comes from seeing the incredible stories of innovators

Harapan datang dari melihat sepak terjang para inovator,

and policymakers and investors that are doing more.

pembuat kebijakan dan investor yang berbuat banyak.

And then for me, where I come from, the venture capital sector,

Dan bagi saya dari sektor pemodal,

that 50 billion going out a year in climate tech companies

50 miliar per tahun telah mendanai perusahaan teknologi iklim

means that there's I think, like 2,600 companies out there, David,

sekitar 2.600 perusahaan, David,

that are trying to build new solutions

yang mencoba menciptakan solusi baru

to tackle this crisis, and that's inspiring.

untuk mengatasi krisis dan itu menginspirasi

AG: You know, the climate story isn't yet written.

Kau tahu, kisah iklim belum tercatat.

And I think sometimes we tend to talk about it like it is,

Dan kadang bagus juga untuk membicarakannya seperti ini

like we know what's going to happen.

kita seperti tahu lebih dulu.

Kupikir banyak catatan capaian dan progres

I think a lot of the record achievement and progress

that we've seen unfold over the last few years

yang nampak beberapa tahun terakhir

menunjukkan kita sedang membuat kemajuan yang berkelanjutan.

shows us that we are making continuous progress.

Sekarang kita harus lebih cepat dan perlu memperluas skala.

We need more speed and we need more scale.

But we can do this.

Kita bisa melakukannya.

And I think to date, over the last few years,

Saya pikir setelah beberapa tahun terakhir,

we've really focused on one side of the equation,

kami berfokus pada satu hal,

which is scaling up renewables,

yaitu meningkatkan energi terbarukan,

dan kami telah membuat banyak kemajuan.

and we've made a lot of progress there.

Now it's time for us to really put our nose to the ground

Sekarang saatnya untuk fokus

and focus on how we phase out fossil fuels,

mengakhiri fase bahan bakar fosil,

because we will not get to net zero unless we tackle that piece of it.

karena kita tak mungkin sampai nol-bersih tanpa mengatasinya.

It is not enough to do one side of this equation.

Tak cukup hanya berfokus pada satu hal.

RP: We need to have that 1.5-degree intensity.

Kami harus punya 1,5 derajat intensitas.

But if we miss it by just a 10th of a degree, we're successful.

Tapi jika kita meleset 1/10 derajatnya, kita berhasil.

So I think the debate of is one and a half degrees possible or not,

Jadi saya pikir perdebatan 1,5 derajat itu cukup atau tidak,

the truth is that window is closing.

itu sudah selesai.

But if we really care about this problem,

Jika kita benar-benar peduli masalah ini,

we're going to still have that same intensity.

kita masih punya intensitas yang sama.