Mixed Conditionals โ€” The Unreal Past | English Grammar Practice

20,059 views ใƒป 2023-12-20

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Without a doubt. In your years of English practice,
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์˜์‹ฌ์—†์ด. ์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
00:02
you've studied the conditionals. Right now, your brain might be racing,
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์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€,
00:06
thinking conditionals, conditional. Oh,
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์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฝ์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„,
00:12
I think there's a first and a second. You're exactly right. In fact,
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์™€ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. ๋‹น์‹  ๋ง์ด ๋งž์•„์š”. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์˜์–ด
00:16
we have four conditional forms in English. The zero, first, second,
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์—๋Š” ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ํ˜•์‹์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . 0, ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ,
00:21
and third, and now I've got a twist.
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ์ด์ œ ๋ฐ˜์ „์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
We also have mixed conditionals, as you might guess,
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๋˜ํ•œ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
a mixed conditional mixes the forms or structures of
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ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์˜ ํ˜•์‹์ด๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:33
the other conditionals. Let's take a look at an example sentence.
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์žƒ๊ธฐ ์ „์—
00:37
If we had downloaded the directions before we lost our signal,
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๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ธธ์„
00:41
we wouldn't be lost. Right now in this sentence,
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์žƒ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š”
00:45
I've combined the third and the second conditional forms.
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์‹๊ณผ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์‹์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
Now again,
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ,
00:50
I know your brain might be racing and you're thinking this sounds really
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณต์žกํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋ง ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
confusing, and do I really need this? I hear you.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋ง ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”? ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
Conditionals can be tricky. However,
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์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์€ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
01:02
I'm going to walk through this with you step by step and give you ample examples
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ,
01:07
so that you understand why you want to use mixed conditionals in your English
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์˜์–ด ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์ด์œ 
01:12
conversations and how to use them with accuracy. By the end of this lesson,
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์™€ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด
01:17
you'll be ready to use them with more confidence,
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๋” ์ž์‹ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
so get a notebook and a pen or pencil and get ready to take some notes and at
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ณต์ฑ…๊ณผ ํŽœ ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฐํ•„์„ ์ค€๋น„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์—๋Š”
01:23
the end I've got an extra special bonus to help you practice.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ๋„์™€์ค„ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด€ํ–‰.
01:40
But very quickly, if this is your first time here, welcome. I'm Annemarie,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ฃผ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ, ์ด๊ณณ์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š”
01:45
an English confidence and fluency coach.
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์˜์–ด ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์œ ์ฐฝ์„ฑ ์ฝ”์น˜ Annemarie์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
Everything I do is designed to help you get the confidence you want for your
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด
01:52
life and work in English. If you'd love more free resources and lessons from me,
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์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ƒํ™œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 0,
01:57
including lessons I have on the zero, first, second and third conditionals,
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์Šค์™€ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์›ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด
02:01
you can find hundreds of my Confident English lessons at my Speak Confident
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Speak Confident
02:05
English website. While you're there,
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English ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๊ฐœ์˜ Confident English ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ๊ณ„์‹œ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ์–ป๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๋Š”
02:07
you can also download my in-depth training called How to Get the
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์‹ฌ์ธต ๊ต์œก์„ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:11
Confidence to Say What You Want In English. In that training,
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. ๊ทธ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์—์„œ
02:15
I share my number one fluency and confidence building strategy or
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚˜์˜ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์œ ์ฐฝํ•จ๊ณผ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ์ „๋žต์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
if you would love to learn, practice,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‚˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ , ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ณ ,
02:23
speak and make progress in your English with me,
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๋งํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด , ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
02:26
be sure to check out my Confident Women Community to start this lesson. Today.
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๋‚˜์˜ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ผญ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ์˜ค๋Š˜. ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ ํ˜•์‹์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘˜ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก 0์˜
02:30
I want to briefly refresh your memory of the zero first,
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ,
02:35
second and third conditional so that we have those correct structures in your
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ์ž ์‹œ ๋˜์ƒˆ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:39
mind because we'll be using them as we continue into the mixed conditional
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02:43
forms.
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.
02:44
I also want to talk about why mixed conditionals are so useful.
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๋˜ํ•œ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์ด ์™œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
Then we'll get into three specific reasons You'll want to use the mixed
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ 
02:53
conditionals and I'll be giving you examples.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ
02:57
Let's talk briefly about the four conditional structures.
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์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ„๋žตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:01
Why do we have them and we'll look at an example sentence for each.
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์™œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
One reason we use the zero conditional is it helps us talk about
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ 0์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
03:09
routines, facts, and truths. For example,
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๋ฃจํ‹ด, ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ง„์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
03:13
if you heat ice, it melts,
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์–ผ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ€์—ดํ•˜๋ฉด ๋…น๋Š”๋‹ค.
03:17
the first conditionals are used for present or future
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:22
situations that are likely or possible. For instance,
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
03:25
we might use them to make a promise to someone or give someone a morning.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์•ฝ์†์„ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์•„์นจ์„ ์„ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:31
If you cook dinner tonight, I will do the dishes.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ €๋…์„ ์š”๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์„ค๊ฑฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ• ๊ฒŒ์š”.
03:34
When we transition to the second conditional form,
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๋ฉด
03:38
we are not just changing our structure but we're also changing our focus.
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๊ตฌ์กฐ๋งŒ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ดˆ์ ๋„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
Instead of thinking about likely or possible present and future
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’ ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜
03:48
situations, we're thinking about unlikely, unreal,
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์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์žˆ์„ ๋ฒ•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€, ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ,
03:54
maybe even impossible present or future situations.
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
We use this when we want to express a wish for an alternate
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ฒด ํ˜„์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ๋ง์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:04
reality. For example,
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
04:07
if I had one extra hour in the day, I would spend my time painting.
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋” ๋‚จ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ• ์• ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
Now of course I can't add to time, I can't change time.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋”ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
Time is fixed. I have 24 hours a day just like you do,
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์ •ํ•ด์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ•˜๋ฃจ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด
04:22
but I can wish for an alternate reality and I express that wish
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€์ฒด ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ๋ฐ”๋ž„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์†Œ๋ง์„
04:26
through the second conditional form and now the third conditional form
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑดํ˜•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ‘œํ˜„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์ œ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑดํ˜•์€
04:32
focuses on the past the unreal past.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถฅ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
We think about a situation that didn't happen in the past but we
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
04:41
wish it did.
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๊ทธ๋žฌ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
This allows us to express regrets over past actions or decisions.
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ›„ํšŒ๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
For example, if you had told me that you needed help,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:52
I would've canceled my trip and stayed home to help you. In that sentence,
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ์ทจ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง‘์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋„์™”์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š”
04:57
I'm expressing that I wish something else had happened in the past.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
Unfortunately it didn't.
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๋ถˆํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
Now if you want to get in depth lessons on each one of those conditional forms,
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์ด์ œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์ธ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ์‹œ๋ฉด
05:09
I've got lessons on all of them at my Speak Confident English website.
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Speak Confident English ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๋“ค์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ž˜ ๋…ธํŠธ
05:13
I'll leave links in the notes below as well.
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์—๋„ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋‘๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:16
So now why do we need the mixed conditionals if we already have these other
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
05:20
four?
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?
05:21
Each of those four conditionals focuses on situations or actions that
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๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํŠน์ • ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‚˜ ์ž‘์—…์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘ก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:27
happened within a specific timeframe. For example,
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
05:31
the first conditional is focused on the present or future that is likely
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
05:36
the second conditional is also focused on the present or future,
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ๋„ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ 
05:40
but unlikely or even impossible. The third conditional focused on the past.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ท„์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
However, sometimes something that happens in the past also
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์ด
05:51
influences or impacts the current moment.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
Mixed conditionals allow us to demonstrate that they allow us to transition
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ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด
06:00
through time or connect those past decisions with something that is
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„
06:04
happening in the moment or something that could happen.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
Let's walk through this step by step.
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์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
I'm going to share with you three sentences,
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06:12
the first and the second conditional, then the third, and then a mixed form.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์™€ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ, ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ˜•์˜ ์„ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
To do this,
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์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด
06:19
I want you to imagine two people going on a road trip and they're traveling to
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๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๋– ๋‚˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„
06:23
somewhere somewhat remote. For example,
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๋จผ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๋– ๋‚œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
06:26
if you're in my area and you're visiting big Surf for the first time,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‚ด ์ง€์—ญ์— ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ Big Surf๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
06:30
there are places on that drive where you will lose your cell phone signal.
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ํ•ด๋‹น ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ์— ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋Š์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
So here's my first sentence in the second conditional form,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด ํ˜•์‹์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
if we had a good signal, we could download the directions.
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์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
Now in this sentence we're focused on the unreal present.
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ํ˜„์žฌ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
The truth is we don't have a good signal right now so we can't download the
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ 
06:52
directions and perhaps as a result we're lost.
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธธ์„ ์žƒ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:56
This is all focused on the unreal present.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ํ˜„์žฌ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
Now let's say you've arrived at your destination,
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์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
07:03
you've had some time to relax,
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์ž ์‹œ ํœด์‹์„ ์ทจํ•œ ํ›„,
07:05
it's the next day and you're telling someone a story about your drive.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋‚  ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์šด์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
Yesterday,
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์–ด์ œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์žƒ๊ธฐ ์ „์—
07:12
if we had downloaded our directions before losing the signal,
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๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ธธ์„
07:17
we would not have gotten lost. Here I'm focused on the unreal past.
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์žƒ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
I can't change yesterday, it's already finished,
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์–ด์ œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ  ์ด๋ฏธ ๋๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ
07:25
but I can definitely express some regret over what happened or maybe some
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์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ›„ํšŒ๋‚˜
07:30
frustration, some annoyance.
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์ขŒ์ ˆ, ์งœ์ฆ์„ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
The third conditional allows me to focus on that unreal past
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜
07:37
and now we're going to mix them.
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์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์ œ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์žƒ๊ธฐ ์ „์—
07:39
If we had downloaded the directions before losing our signal,
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๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ธธ์„
07:44
we wouldn't be lost.
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์žƒ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
Here I'm focused on the unreal past.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
At some point in the past we didn't download our directions.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์–ด๋Š ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
Maybe it was 30 minutes ago, maybe one hour ago, maybe it was yesterday,
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด 30๋ถ„ ์ „์ด์—ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ „์ด์—ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์–ด์ œ์˜€์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
07:59
and now that we don't have the signal we're lost in this moment,
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ๊ธธ์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
08:03
that past action has impacted our present moment.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
This is why mixed conditionals are helpful.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์ด ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
Sometimes our past decisions or past events influence
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™€ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ํ˜„์žฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์—
08:17
the present moment when we are focused on conditionals that highlight the
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์ง‘์ค‘ํ•  ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:22
unreal past and their influence on an unreal
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08:27
present or future.
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.
08:29
To accurately use this specific type of a mixed conditional,
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์ด ํŠน์ • ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€
08:34
we have a form or structure that we want to follow In the if
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ํ˜•์‹์ด๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. if ์ ˆ์—์„œ๋Š”
08:39
clause we start with the third conditional structure.
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
If plus the past, perfect.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋”ํ•˜๋ฉด ์™„๋ฒฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
If I had packed my sunscreen,
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์ž์™ธ์„  ์ฐจ๋‹จ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฑ™๊ฒผ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:49
then we add wood followed by the base form of the verb.
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wood๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜•์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
This is a part of the second conditional form.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ํ˜•์‹์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
I wouldn't have a sunburn right now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ์€ ํ–‡๋ณ•์— ํƒˆ ์ผ์ด ์—†์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
09:00
In addition to using the if plus past perfect plus wood plus
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if ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋‚˜๋ฌด ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ
09:05
base form of the verb,
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๋™์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์™ธ์—๋„
09:07
we have a second structure we can also use to help emphasize an
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09:12
unreal present or future. For example,
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๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ํ˜„์žฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
09:16
I want you to imagine you're having a conversation with a friend who a few
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๋ช‡
09:20
months ago said no to a job offer. It was a really good job offer,
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๋‹ฌ ์ „์— ๊ตฌ์ธ ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ ์ œ์•ˆ์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
09:26
but it would require her to move to a new city and she didn't want to
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ์ด์‚ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ด์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:30
move.
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.
09:32
You might be having a conversation with her right now and in that
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ทธ๋…€์™€ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ
09:36
conversation you might say, if you had accepted that job offer,
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๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์˜€๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:41
you would be moving across the country right now or you would be moving
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ ์ „๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์‚ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด
09:46
across the country next week. How are you feeling? Are you happy you stayed?
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์— ์ „๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์‚ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์–ด๋•Œ์š”? ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ์„œ ๊ธฐ์˜๋‚˜์š”?
09:50
Are you happy with your decision? For this example,
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š” ? ์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š”
09:53
I've changed the structure just a bit.
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๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:55
I'm still using the if plus past perfect for that unreal past and then
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด if ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ
10:00
it's followed by wood plus the two be verb and an ING verb.
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๋’ค์—๋Š” wood ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ be ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ING ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
You would be moving.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์›€์ง์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
I want to share with you several more example sentences,
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ,
10:10
real sentences that someone might use to illustrate these structures and then
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ
10:15
we'll talk about three specific reasons.
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์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ด์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
You'll want to use this type of a mixed conditional.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ํ˜„์žฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์™€
10:21
Here are four more sentences that focus on the unreal past with the
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ˜ ๋„ค ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:26
unreal present or future. If I had learned French as a kid,
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. ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์› ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:30
I would have a perfect French accent right now,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด ์–ต์–‘์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ํ…๋ฐ,
10:33
unfortunately neither of those are true.
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๋ถˆํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
It's an unreal past and an unreal present.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ด์ž ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ํ˜„์žฌ์ด๋‹ค.
10:39
If she hadn't received the scholarship,
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์žฅํ•™๊ธˆ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:42
she wouldn't be going to Harvard right now. Thank goodness she got it.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ์— ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค . ๋‹คํ–‰์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
If I hadn't spent all my bonus right away,
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๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:49
I would have enough money saved to go to New York City with you next month and
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹ฌ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‰ด์š•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋งŒํผ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
10:53
now this last example.
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ๋ผํ†ค์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
10:55
Imagine someone saying it in the middle of running a marathon.
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๋„์ค‘ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š” .
10:59
If I hadn't trained as much as I did, this would feel more difficult,
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋งŒํผ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋” ํž˜๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ํ…๋ฐ
11:04
but I feel great right now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์ข‹๋‹ค.
11:06
Before we get into three specific reasons to use these mixed conditionals,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ „์—
11:10
I have one last tip.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ํŒ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
Like all conditional forms we can reverse the clauses in the sentence.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ ˆ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
One of my examples was if I had remembered to pack my sunscreen,
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๋‚ด ์˜ˆ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž์™ธ์„  ์ฐจ๋‹จ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฑ™๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:20
I wouldn't have a sunburn right now and I can reverse those with.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ํ–‡๋ณ•์— ํƒ€๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๋˜๋Œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
I wouldn't have this sunburn right now if I had remembered to pack my sunscreen.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ž์™ธ์„  ์ฐจ๋‹จ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฑ™๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–‡๋ณ•์— ํƒˆ ์ผ์€ ์—†์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:30
For the remainder of this lesson,
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜์˜ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”
11:31
I want to highlight how we use this mixed conditional form to indicate missed
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๋†“์นœ ๊ธฐํšŒ์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ›„ํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ ํ˜•์‹์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:36
opportunities and past regrets that have an impact on the present or
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11:41
future.
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.
11:42
We also use this mixed conditional to share assumptions about what we think
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ 
11:47
would be different right now and we can use it to express willingness
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์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜์ง€๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„
11:52
or to give advice.
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ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
Be sure to stick with me to the end because I also want to share with you a
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ๋„์™€์•ผ ํ•  ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
11:57
special bonus I have to help you practice. As I highlighted earlier,
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. ์•ž์„œ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
12:02
we can use the third conditional to highlight a past regret,
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
12:07
something that we wish had been different about the past.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ฌ๋ž์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹์•˜์„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ›„ํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:11
We can also use mixed conditionals to highlight those missed opportunities and
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๋˜ํ•œ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋†“์นœ ๊ธฐํšŒ์™€
12:16
the reality that that missed opportunity or regret influences or
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๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋†“์ณค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ›„ํšŒํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์ด
12:21
has an impact on our present or future. For example,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ง€์‹œํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
12:26
she would be able to pay off her house right now if she had invested in that
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ฃผ์‹์— ํˆฌ์žํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ ์ง‘๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐš์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:30
stock when you told her to.
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.
12:33
The truth is she didn't invest when you told her to,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ
12:37
and as a result she doesn't have all the money right now to pay off her house
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ง‘์„ ๊ฐš์„ ๋ˆ์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:41
the way she wants. If my daughter hadn't missed her flight yesterday,
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. ๋‚ด ๋”ธ์ด ์–ด์ œ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋†“์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:46
I wouldn't need to spend extra money on a ticket.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ์„ ์“ธ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”
12:50
If I had pursued art at a younger age,
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์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋‚˜์ด์— ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:54
I would probably be a better artist now,
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:56
but better late than never because we can use more than one conditional
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ›„ํšŒ๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•ˆ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋Šฆ์€ ํŽธ์ด ๋‚ซ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:01
to express regret.
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.
13:03
I want to compare how I might express regret using the second
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ›„ํšŒ๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•
13:08
conditional and how I would do it in the mixed conditional form.
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๊ณผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:13
This first sentence is going to be in the second conditional form.
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์ด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ํ˜•์‹์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:17
If I spoke Spanish now,
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ
13:19
I wouldn't need to rely on a translator. Now again,
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์˜์ง€ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
13:24
the second conditional focuses on unreal present or future,
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์€ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ํ˜„์žฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
so the truth is I don't speak Spanish now and I do need to
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ €๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ 
13:33
rely on a translator as a result,
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ์— ์˜์กดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:35
that entire sentence is focused on an unreal present. Now,
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์ „์ฒด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ํ˜„์žฌ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
13:40
in this second example sentence, I want to do a mix.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
I want to focus on something that didn't happen in the past and its
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ์ผ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
13:47
impact on the present. If I had learned Spanish in the past,
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ํ˜„์žฌ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์› ๋‹ค๋ฉด
13:53
I wouldn't need to rely on a translator.
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์˜์ง€ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:56
Now here the first part of that sentence is focused on the unreal past
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ
14:02
and its influence on the present,
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์™€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:05
so now I want to pause here for a moment and ask you to reflect on
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ž ์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด
14:10
past decisions,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •,
14:11
past outcomes that perhaps were missed opportunities or regrets
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๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋†“์ณค๋˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋˜๋Š” ํ›„ํšŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:16
that still have an impact on your life today or potentially
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์‚ถ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜ ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ
14:21
on your future. Is there a sentence you might use to express that?
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
14:26
I have three sentence starters to help you think this through.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
14:30
Take a moment to review them and if you want to,
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์ž ์‹œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ด์–ด ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๊ณ  ์›ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด
14:32
you can share an example with me in the comments below.
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์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
14:35
If I had studied or learned, I would or wouldn't.
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๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฐ์› ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋žฌ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์•ˆ ํ–ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
14:39
If I had pursued when I was younger,
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ–ˆ์„
14:43
I would or wouldn't if I had become a I would or
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๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ํ•˜์ง€
14:48
wouldn't. And now let's talk about the second reason.
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์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:51
You'll want to use this mixed conditional form.
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์ด ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ํ˜•์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:54
You can use it to share an assumption about what you think might be
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์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์žฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:59
different about the present or future. Imagine for example,
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
15:03
you're attending a lecture with a friend and at the end of the presentation an
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์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์ด ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ
15:08
audience member asks the presenter a question and it's a question that seems
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์ฒญ์ค‘์ด ๋ฐœํ‘œ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—
15:13
like it should be easy to answer. However,
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๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
15:16
you notice that the presenter is obviously struggling with how to
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๋ฐœํ‘œ์ž๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ
15:21
answer this question. While this is happening,
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์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
15:23
you might whisper to a friend if she had done her research,
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์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
15:28
she wouldn't be struggling with this question or she wouldn't hesitate
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์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ์ฃผ์ €ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
15:33
to answer this question. In this case,
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๋Œ€๋‹ตํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์†์‚ญ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ,
15:36
you are acting on the assumption or the belief that she didn't do
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:41
her research.
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15:41
The truth is you don't really know and you don't really know why she's
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.
์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ๋„ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€
15:45
struggling in the present moment, perhaps something simply distracted her.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™œ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ๋งŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ž˜ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:50
This statement allows us to express that assumption that if something else had
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์ด ์ง„์ˆ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฉด
15:54
happened in the past, something else would be true about the present moment.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:59
Here's another example of how we might assume the way a person
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
16:04
would respond if they were present in that moment.
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๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ• ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:08
Let's say you and your coworkers had a surprising meeting with your manager that
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๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋‚  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์™€ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋Š”๋ฐ
16:13
day, however,
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16:14
one of your coworkers wasn't there in talking about what happened.
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๋™๋ฃŒ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:18
You might say Melissa would be furious if she had heard the
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16:23
manager speak that way. Of course,
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๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฉœ๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ƒˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ํŠน์ • ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
16:26
you can't know for certain how someone else might feel or respond in a
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ• ์ง€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
16:31
particular situation,
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16:32
but we can make an assumption about it and this mixed conditional form helps us
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ ํ˜•์‹์€
16:37
express that assumption. And finally,
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ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ,
16:40
the third reason you'll want to use this mixed conditional form is you can use
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์ด ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ํ˜•์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
16:45
it to express advice or feedback.
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์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์–ธ์ด๋‚˜ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:49
Imagine for example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
16:50
you manage a team and just before a major deadline,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํŒ€์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ฃผ์š” ๋งˆ๊ฐ์ผ ์ง์ „์—
16:55
one of your team members requests help or says that she's unable
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ํŒ€์› ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด ๋„์›€์„ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
17:00
to complete the project. As a result,
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ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค ๋ณด๋‹ˆ
17:04
the entire team is in chaos and maybe has to work extra
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ํŒ€ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์— ๋น ์ง€๊ณ  ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด
17:08
to make up for this situation,
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์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋งŒํšŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ข€ ๋”
17:11
and it could have been addressed earlier,
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์ผ์ฐ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
17:14
but it wasn't in giving feedback to that team member.
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๊ทธ ํŒ€์›์—๊ฒŒ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:19
You might say,
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17:20
if I had been informed earlier when this issue initially began,
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋” ์ผ์ฐ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ํ†ต๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
17:25
our team would be better prepared to handle this request.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํŒ€์ด ์ด ์š”์ฒญ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ž˜ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒ€์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก
17:29
How can we improve communication going forward to avoid putting extra stress on
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
17:34
the team?
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? ์กฐ์–ธ์ด๋‚˜ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด๋ฅผ
17:35
Here's one more example of how we might use this to give advice or feedback.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
17:40
In this case,
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค
17:41
I want you to imagine that you work at a doctor's office and you're training a
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์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ 
17:45
new team member.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํŒ€์›์„ ๊ต์œกํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:46
A woman has just arrived for her doctor's appointment and she's a little
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ํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์˜์‚ฌ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋Ÿฌ ๋ง‰ ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋กœ
17:50
frustrated that she can't see the doctor right away. Instead,
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๋งŒ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์‹ค๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋Œ€์‹ 
17:53
she has to spend 10 or 15 minutes completing a series of forms.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ 10~15๋ถ„์„ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
17:59
Now,
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17:59
while the patient is doing that and in the process of training your new team
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์ด์ œ
ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํŒ€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์„ ๊ต์œกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€
18:04
member, you might say if she had completed the forms online beforehand,
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์‚ฌ์ „์— ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์–‘์‹์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
18:09
she would be with the doctor right now and we would avoid these uncomfortable
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ ์˜์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•œ
18:12
situations.
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์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:14
We always encourage our clients to complete the forms online to save time
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ์ง„๋ฃŒ ์˜ˆ์•ฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋„์ฐฉํ•  ๋•Œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์–‘์‹์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:19
when they arrive for their doctor's appointment.
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.
18:21
You now have a complete overview of how and
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์ด์ œ
18:26
why to use this mixed conditional form focused on the unreal past
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๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ˜ ์ด ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ํ˜•์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์ด์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์š”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:32
with the unreal present and future.
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.
18:35
I know that practice is a hundred percent necessary to gain that
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์–ป์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด ์—ฐ์Šต์ด 100 % ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:40
automatic ability to be accurate when using these forms,
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18:45
and that's why I have an extra bonus for you,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:48
a downloadable PDF worksheet that gives you ample opportunity
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18:53
to use the correct structures and I give you examples to check your
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ PDF ์›Œํฌ์‹œํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:58
answers. On the worksheet,
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. ์›Œํฌ์‹œํŠธ์—๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€
19:00
you'll find 12 sentence prompts with the key words you should use for
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ํฌํ•จ๋œ 12๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:05
your example sentence, and as always,
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด
19:08
if you want to share any of your examples with me, you can do that.
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์˜ˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์ €์™€ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ์‹œ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:11
The best place is in the comments below.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๊ณณ์€ ์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:14
If you'd like to get that PDF worksheet,
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PDF ์›Œํฌ์‹œํŠธ๋ฅผ ์–ป์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด
19:17
I want you to visit this lesson at my Speak Confident English website.
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๋‚ด Speak Confident English ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์˜์ƒ
19:20
I'll provide a link directly below this video. And with that,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•„๋ž˜์— ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์–ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
19:24
if you found today's lesson helpful,
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์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
19:26
I would love to know and there are a few ways that you can tell me that.
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์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:30
Number one, you can give this lesson a thumbs up here on YouTube. Number two,
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์ฒซ์งธ, YouTube์—์„œ ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜์— ์ข‹์•„์š”๋ฅผ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ,
19:34
you can subscribe to this channel so you never miss one of my Confident English
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์ด ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ œ Confidential English ์ˆ˜์—… ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ๋†“์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:38
lessons. And number three, you can drop a comment below.
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. ์…‹์งธ, ์•„๋ž˜์— ๋Œ“๊ธ€์„ ๋‚จ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:41
Thank you so much for joining me and I look forward to seeing you next time.
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋˜ ๋ต™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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