Advanced English Vocabulary for Elections and Politics [20 New Vocabulary Words]

72,389 views ใƒป 2020-10-14

Speak Confident English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hey, it's Annemarie was Speak Confident English,
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, Annemarie๋Š” Speak Confident English์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:03
and this is exactly where you want to be every week to get the confidence you
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์ด๊ณณ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด
00:07
want for your life and work in English.
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์˜์–ด๋กœ ์‚ถ๊ณผ ์ผ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งค์ฃผ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:10
I know that talking about politics and elections can be a little prickly.
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์ •์น˜์™€ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
The way that a cactus is prickly with those long needles that prick our skin.
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์„ ์ธ์žฅ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ฐŒ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ธด ๋ฐ”๋Š˜๋กœ ๊ฐ€์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ฐŒ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹.
00:21
You may even have a love/hate relationship with politics,
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ •์น˜์™€ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘/์ฆ์˜ค์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋„
00:25
but the truth of it is politics and elections have an enormous impact
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ง„์‹ค์€ ์ •์น˜์ด๊ณ  ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋Š”
00:30
on our lives.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ถ์— ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
And it's important for us to understand what's happening around us and be able
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ 
00:35
to participate in conversations as well.
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๋Œ€ํ™”์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
If you live in the United States,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ง€๊ธˆ์ด ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ฒ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
00:41
then you definitely know we're in election season.
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์•„์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:44
And that means it's the number one hot topic that everyone is
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€
00:49
discussing.
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๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ํ•ซ ํ† ํ”ฝ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
Whether you are following the U S election or an election where you
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋“  ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณณ์˜ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋“ 
00:54
live, in this lesson today,
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, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ๋Š”
00:57
I want to focus on 20 advanced level vocabulary words so that
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01:02
you understand exactly what you're reading or hearing in the news.
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๋‰ด์Šค์—์„œ ์ฝ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก 20๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์–ดํœ˜์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
And you can participate in conversations with confidence in English
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ž์‹  ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€ํ™”์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:22
Today, you'll learn the meaning of words like battleground, state, swing state,
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. ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ „์žฅ, ์ฃผ, ์Šค์œ™ ์ƒํƒœ,
01:27
dog whistle, and lame duck,
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๊ฐœ ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ, ์ ˆ๋ฆ„๋ฐœ์ด ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€
01:29
and understand how they relate to politics.
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์ •์น˜์™€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ 
01:33
While most of the words on this list today relate to elections that are
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์ด ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์ „
01:37
happening anywhere in the world.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ๋‚˜ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ ๊ฑฐ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
There are a few that specifically relate to the U S election
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ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์„ ๊ฑฐ
01:44
process. For that reason. At the beginning of this lesson,
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๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ด์œ ๋กœ. ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ
01:48
I'm going to give an overview of how the election process works in the
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์„ ๊ฑฐ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์š”๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:52
United States. But if you're not interested in that,
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์„ ๊ฑฐ ๊ณผ์ •์ด
01:56
if you don't need an overview of how the election process works in the United
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์š”๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:00
States, that's no problem.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑด๋„ˆ
02:02
You can skip ahead and go directly to the first of our 20
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๋›ฐ๊ณ 
02:06
vocabulary words related to elections and politics and English.
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์„ ๊ฑฐ, ์ •์น˜ ๋ฐ ์˜์–ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ 20๊ฐœ์˜ ์–ดํœ˜ ์ค‘ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
All right. As I mentioned,
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด
02:12
some of the vocabulary in today's lesson relates specifically to the U S
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์–ดํœ˜๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์„ ๊ฑฐ ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:17
election process.
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.
02:18
And I want to make sure that you have a clear picture of how it works
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ž‘๋™ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ 
02:23
so that you understand all the terms in today's Confident English lesson,
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02:29
plus it will help you understand why you might hear about the importance of
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02:34
States like Florida, Pennsylvania, or Wisconsin.
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ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค, ํŽœ์‹ค๋ฒ ์ด๋‹ˆ์•„, ์œ„์Šค์ฝ˜์‹ . ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ์„ ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
02:38
Once we have our final candidates for the US presidential election,
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์ตœ์ข… ํ›„๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํ™•๋ณด๋˜๋ฉด
02:43
here are the steps that we follow.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
First election day is always the first
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ผ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ 11์›”
02:49
Tuesday after the first Monday in November.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์›”์š”์ผ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ™”์š”์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:55
This year in 2020,
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2020๋…„ ์˜ฌํ•ด,
02:57
that means November 3rd is our election day.
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์ฆ‰ 11์›” 3์ผ์€ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๊ตญ์˜
03:01
People in every state,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
03:03
across the country vote for their choice of a president and vice president.
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๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๊ณผ ๋ถ€ํ†ต๋ น์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํˆฌํ‘œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
And this is where it gets a little tricky.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
Those votes from across the country do not go directly to a
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์ „๊ตญ์˜ ํˆฌํ‘œ๋Š”
03:15
president or vice presidential candidate.
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๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถ€ํ†ต๋ น ํ›„๋ณด์—๊ฒŒ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
Instead when people in a particular state vote like in
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๋Œ€์‹  ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŠน์ • ์ฃผ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํˆฌํ‘œํ•  ๋•Œ
03:23
Florida,
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03:24
they are actually voting for a group of people called
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ํˆฌํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:29
electors.
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.
03:30
The electors make up what we call the electoral college.
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์„ ๊ฑฐ์ธ๋‹จ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ธ๋‹จ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:35
Now that isn't a college where people go to study and that makes it a little bit
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์กฐ๊ธˆ
03:39
confusing.
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ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
The electoral college is a body or a group of
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์„ ๊ฑฐ์ธ๋‹จ์€ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ธ๋‹จ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ฒด์ด๋ฉฐ
03:44
electors,
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03:46
and they form every four years to elect our president and
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4๋…„๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๊ณผ
03:51
vice president.
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๋ถ€ํ†ต๋ น์„ ์„ ์ถœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
So when everyone in a state like Florida votes,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฃผ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํˆฌํ‘œํ•  ๋•Œ
03:57
at the end of that process, all of the votes are counted. And in the end,
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ํ•ด๋‹น ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋“  ํˆฌํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘๊ณ„๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ
04:02
the Florida electors will vote for the president and vice
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ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค์€
04:07
president who received the majority of votes from
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04:12
people inside that state. Now, before I continue,
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๊ทธ ์ฃผ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณผ๋ฐ˜์ˆ˜ ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์–ป์€ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๊ณผ ๋ถ€ํ†ต๋ น์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌํ‘œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
04:16
let's pause here for a moment because every state has a
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ž ์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ๋งˆ๋‹ค
04:20
different number of electors. Ultimately,
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์„ ๊ฑฐ์ธ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ์— ์žˆ๋Š”
04:25
the number of electors that a state has is based on its population.
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์„ ๊ฑฐ์ธ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
So in Florida, there are 29 electors.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค์—๋Š” 29๋ช…์˜ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ธ๋‹จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
What that means is after all the votes in Florida are counted,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋Š” ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ํˆฌํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘๊ณ„๋œ ํ›„
04:39
those 29 electors will vote for the
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29๋ช…์˜ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ธ๋‹จ์ด
04:43
president and vice president who received the majority in that
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ํ•ด๋‹น ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ ๊ณผ๋ฐ˜์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์–ป์€ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๊ณผ ๋ถ€ํ†ต๋ น์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌํ‘œํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:48
election. The same is true in California.
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. ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์—์„œ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
Once every eligible voter in California has voted and those votes are counted,
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์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์œ ์ž๊ฒฉ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๊ฐ€ ํˆฌํ‘œํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘๊ณ„๋˜๋ฉด
04:57
the electors in California will vote for the
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์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์˜ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋Š” ๊ณผ๋ฐ˜์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์–ป์€ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๊ณผ ๋ถ€ํ†ต๋ น ์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌํ‘œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:02
president and vice president who won the majority. In California,
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. ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์—๋Š”
05:07
there are 55 electors.
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55๋ช…์˜ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ธ๋‹จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
So that means the winning candidate in California gets 55 votes
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์—์„œ ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•œ ํ›„๋ณด๋Š” ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์—์„œ 55ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:14
from California. The same is true in Iowa, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania,
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. ์•„์ด์˜ค์™€, ์œ„์Šค์ฝ˜์‹ , ํŽœ์‹ค๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์•„
05:19
and every state in the nation.
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๋ฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์—์„œ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
There are just two states that do not follow that exact process.
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์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
Nebraska and Maine have their own rules for how they use
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๋„ค๋ธŒ๋ž˜์Šค์นด์™€ ๋ฉ”์ธ์€ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ธ๋‹จ ํˆฌํ‘œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:31
their electoral votes. But in the end,
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ธ๋‹จ์„ ์–ป์€
05:34
the president and vice president with the most electoral votes is the winner
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๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๊ณผ ๋ถ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ์Šน์ž๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค
05:39
in the US presidential election.
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.
05:42
And that's why every state is so important in the U S election process.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์„ ๊ฑฐ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
And why you hear some states talked about more often (we'll come back to that in
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ฃผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ž์ฃผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ (์ •์น˜ ๋ฐ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ 20๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์–ดํœ˜ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„
05:51
just a moment when we begin reviewing our list of 20 advanced level of
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๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ž ์‹œ ํ›„์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:56
vocabulary on politics and elections). So with that,
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). ์ด์ œ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ
06:00
let's go ahead and dive in.
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜
06:02
The first word on our list today is the word poll.
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๋ชฉ๋ก์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ํˆฌํ‘œ๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
And this one is tricky because it has two different meanings.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
The first meaning of poll is the actual process of voting.
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ํˆฌํ‘œ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ํˆฌํ‘œ ๊ณผ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํˆฌํ‘œ ์žฅ์†Œ์—
06:15
This is when you physically go to your voting location and vote for your
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ ํ›„๋ณด์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌํ‘œํ•  ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:20
candidates. You'll often hear the collocation going to the polls.
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. ์—ฌ๋ก  ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—๊ฐ€๋Š” ์—ฐ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ž์ฃผ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
For example, on November 3rd,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, 11์›” 3์ผ์—
06:27
a majority of voters will be going to the polls.
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์œ ๊ถŒ์ž์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํˆฌํ‘œ์†Œ์— ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํˆฌํ‘œ๋ผ๋Š”
06:31
The second meaning of the word poll is a survey or record
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๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š”
06:36
of people's opinions or who they plan to vote for.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ ๋˜๋Š” ํˆฌํ‘œํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
You might hear statistics like 52% of Americans support
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์˜ 52%๊ฐ€
06:45
candidate A while 46% of Americans support
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ํ›„๋ณด A๋ฅผ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์˜ 46%๊ฐ€
06:50
candidate B. The second word on our list today is ballot.
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ํ›„๋ณด B๋ฅผ ์ง€์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ชฉ๋ก์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ํˆฌํ‘œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
Ballot is the process of voting in writing and in secret,
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ํˆฌํ‘œ๋Š” ์„œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ์— ํˆฌํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋ฉฐ
07:00
it's also the actual piece of paper on which someone marks their
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ํˆฌํ‘œ์— ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ์ข…์ด์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:05
vote. So if you vote in person,
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง์ ‘ ํˆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
07:08
if you go to the polls, you will receive a ballot, a piece of paper.
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ํˆฌํ‘œ์†Œ์— ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ํˆฌํ‘œ์šฉ์ง€, ์ข…์ด ํ•œ ์žฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
And that is what you mark your vote on.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํˆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ชฉ๋ก
07:16
The third term on our list today is voter fraud.
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์˜ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:20
This is a broad general term that relates to any illegal
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€
07:25
activity in the election and voting process. For example,
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์„ ๊ฑฐ ๋ฐ ํˆฌํ‘œ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์šฉ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
07:29
if someone pretends to be someone else, when voting.
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ํˆฌํ‘œํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ธ ์ฒ™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
If someone pays another person to vote for a specific candidate,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํŠน์ • ํ›„๋ณด์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌํ‘œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ˆ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:38
that's voter fraud,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
if an individual or a group tries to suppress
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด
07:45
or intimidate voters, which we'll talk more about in a moment,
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์ž ์‹œ ํ›„์— ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋ฅผ ์–ต์••ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ์‹œ๋„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:48
that is also voter fraud.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ๋˜ํ•œ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
If voter fraud is present in an election,
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์„ ๊ฑฐ์— ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ €์ง€๋ฅธ
07:56
the individual or group who is guilty of voter fraud may be
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€
08:01
accused of stealing an election. Now for term number four,
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์„ ๊ฑฐ ๋„์šฉ ํ˜์˜๋กœ ๊ธฐ์†Œ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ 4๋ฒˆ์งธ ์šฉ์–ด๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์–ต์••์ด๋ผ๋Š”
08:06
let's go back to that word, suppression. Voter suppression.
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๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค . ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž ํƒ„์••.
08:10
This is one form or a type of voter fraud of illegal
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ํ™œ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ ๋˜๋Š” ์œ ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:15
activity.
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.
08:16
To suppress means to prevent someone from taking action or to forcibly
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์–ต์ œํ•˜๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ทจํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ง‰๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
08:21
put an end to something.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์ œ๋กœ ๋๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
So voter suppression is an illegal effort to prevent certain
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž ํƒ„์••์€ ํŠน์ •
08:28
individuals or groups from voting in the United States.
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ํˆฌํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰์œผ๋ ค๋Š” ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
For example, there have historically been efforts to suppress black voters.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘์ธ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค์„ ํƒ„์••ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
A similar term is voter intimidation. And again,
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์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž ํ˜‘๋ฐ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
08:41
this is a form of voter fraud or illegal activity.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ํ™œ๋™์˜ ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
To intimidate means to threaten or frightened
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์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋†€๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:50
someone.
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.
08:51
By law voter intimidation is any effort to
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๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž ํ˜‘๋ฐ•์€ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋ฅผ
08:56
intimidate, threaten,
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ํ˜‘๋ฐ•, ์œ„ํ˜‘
08:57
or frighten voters and interfere with the election process.
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๋˜๋Š” ๊ณตํฌ์— ๋–จ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ ๊ฑฐ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
Some examples of voter intimidation include blocking people
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์œ ๊ถŒ์ž ํ˜‘๋ฐ•์˜ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํˆฌํ‘œ์†Œ์— ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:07
from going to the polls,
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.
09:09
which means you physically make it impossible for them to go vote.
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์ฆ‰, ํˆฌํ‘œํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
It also includes threatening anyone who is voting or yelling at people
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๋˜ํ•œ ํˆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ค„์„ ์„œ์„œ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ํˆฌํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณ ํ•จ์„ ์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋„ ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:19
while they're in line waiting to go vote.
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.
09:22
Term number six has definitely become an important one in elections in
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6๋ฒˆ ์ž„๊ธฐ๋Š”
09:26
2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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COVID-19 ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด 2020๋…„ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ž„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
This term is mail-in voting or vote by mail.
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์ด ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” ์šฐํŽธ ํˆฌํ‘œ ๋˜๋Š” ์šฐํŽธ ํˆฌํ‘œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
This is the process in which states will mail ballots to
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์œ ์ž๊ฒฉ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌํ‘œ ์šฉ์ง€๋ฅผ ์šฐํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ
09:39
eligible voters in that state voters can then complete that ballot at
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๋‹ค์Œ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋Š” ์ง‘์—์„œ ํ•ด๋‹น ํˆฌํ‘œ ์šฉ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ
09:44
home and send it back in the mail.
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์šฐํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
A similar term is absentee voting.
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๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์šฉ์–ด๋กœ ๋ถ€์žฌ์ž ํˆฌํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
This is a form of voting by mail.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐํŽธ ํˆฌํ‘œ์˜ ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ
09:52
This process of absentee voting in the United States actually began in the
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์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ€์žฌ์ž ํˆฌํ‘œ ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
09:57
1860s during the civil war when soldiers voted
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1860๋…„๋Œ€ ๊ตฐ์ธ๋“ค์ด
10:02
from the battlefield. As I mentioned,
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์ „์Ÿํ„ฐ์—์„œ ํˆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋‚จ๋ถ ์ „์Ÿ ์ค‘์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด
10:05
vote by mail and absentee voting are very similar,
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์šฐํŽธ ํˆฌํ‘œ์™€ ๋ถ€์žฌ์ž ํˆฌํ‘œ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌ
10:08
but there's one important distinction.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
States that participate in vote by mail,
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์šฐํŽธ ํˆฌํ‘œ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ(
10:14
and not all states do,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹˜)๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น ์ฃผ์˜
10:17
will automatically send ballots in the mail to every eligible
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๋ชจ๋“  ์œ ์ž๊ฒฉ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์šฐํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ํˆฌํ‘œ ์šฉ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:22
voter in that state.
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10:24
And individuals have an option of completing their mail in ballot,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์ธ์€ ์šฐํŽธ ํˆฌํ‘œ์šฉ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ผ์—
10:29
or they can physically go to the polls on election day.
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํˆฌํ‘œ์†Œ์— ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
10:33
Absentee voting requires that someone request
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๋ถ€์žฌ์ž ํˆฌํ‘œ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€
10:38
an absentee ballot.
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๋ถ€์žฌ์ž ํˆฌํ‘œ์šฉ์ง€๋ฅผ ์š”์ฒญํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
They must have some reason or excuse to ask for a ballot by mail.
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์šฐํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ํˆฌํ‘œ์šฉ์ง€๋ฅผ ์š”์ฒญํ•  ์ด์œ ๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ์‹ค์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
Before we go on to term number eight,
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8๋ฒˆ ์ž„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
10:47
I'm going to pause here because I'm curious if you have mail in
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๊ท€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์šฐํŽธ
10:52
voting or absentee voting in elections where you live.
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ํˆฌํ‘œ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ์ž ํˆฌํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ž ์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
10:56
If you do tell me about it,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
10:58
take this opportunity to use some of the language that you're learning in this
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์ด ๊ธฐํšŒ์— ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
11:02
lesson today and share your comments, your experiences in the comments,
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„๋””์˜ค ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•„๋ž˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฝ”๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์—์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”
11:06
just below the video. And now let's go on to term number eight,
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. ์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ž„๊ธฐ์ธ ์Šค์œ™ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:10
swing voters.
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.
11:13
If you think about a swing that a child plays on in a park,
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๊ณต์›์—์„œ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ๋…ธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋„ค๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด
11:17
it goes back and forth.
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์•ž๋’ค๋กœ ์›€์ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
A swing voter is someone who does not always vote for
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์Šค์œ™ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ•œ ์ •๋‹น์—๋งŒ ํˆฌํ‘œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:25
just one party. Swing voters are very hard to predict.
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. ์Šค์œ™ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ
11:30
It's hard to know who they will vote for in any given election.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌํ‘œํ• ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:34
And as a result,
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ
11:35
they become very important to the ultimate winner in the election process.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์„ ๊ฑฐ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ตœ์ข… ์Šน์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
Now, continuing with that, that idea of a swing going back and forth.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์•ž๋’ค๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋„ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
Now we come to some of the terms where understanding the U S election
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์„ ๊ฑฐ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
11:51
process is very important.
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๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์šฉ์–ด์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
The ninth word on our list is swing state.
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๋ชฉ๋ก์˜ ์•„ํ™‰ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์Šค์œ™ ์ƒํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
Remember we talked about every state has electors
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์— ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ธ๋‹จ์ด
12:03
and those electors vote for the candidate who won
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์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ธ๋‹จ์ด
12:08
the majority vote in their state.
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ํ•ด๋‹น ์ฃผ์—์„œ ๊ณผ๋ฐ˜์ˆ˜ ๋“ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ํ›„๋ณด์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌํ‘œํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
12:11
So Florida's 29 electors will vote for the winner of their
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค์˜ 29๋ช…์˜ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ธ๋‹จ์€ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ฃผ์˜ ์Šน์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌํ‘œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:16
state.
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.
12:17
California's 55 electors will vote for the winner in their
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California์˜ 55๋ช…์˜ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ธ๋‹จ์€ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ฃผ์˜ ์Šน์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌํ‘œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:21
state. Just like individuals, some
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. ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ผ๋ถ€
12:25
states historically vote for the same party.
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์ฃผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •๋‹น์— ํˆฌํ‘œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
For example, in California,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์—์„œ๋Š”
12:32
historically the majority vote goes for the democratic candidate.
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋‹น ํ›„๋ณด์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
And as a result,
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ
12:38
those electoral votes go for that democratic candidate.
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๊ทธ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ธ๋‹จ์˜ ํ‘œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋‹น ํ›„๋ณด์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:43
However,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
12:44
there are some states who just like swing voters change from
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์Šค์œ™ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๊ฐ€
12:49
one election to another.
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ํ•œ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:51
Sometimes the majority vote goes for the Republican candidate.
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น ํ›„๋ณด์—๊ฒŒ ๋“ํ‘œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
Sometimes it goes for the democratic candidate.
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋‹น ํ›„๋ณด์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค.
12:58
And just like with swing voters,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์Šค์œ™ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
13:01
those states are very difficult to predict and again,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฃผ๋“ค์€ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šฐ๋ฉฐ ์„ ๊ฑฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
13:05
become essential to the outcome of the election.
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์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
13:09
That's why, if you're keeping up with the U S election,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
13:13
you'll hear about some states and how important they are to the
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์ฃผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์„ ๊ฑฐ ๊ณผ์ • ์—์„œ ์ด๋“ค์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:18
election process.
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. ์Šค์œ™ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
13:20
A common synonym or alternative to swing state is battleground
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋™์˜์–ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์•ˆ์€ ์ „์žฅ
13:24
state.
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์ƒํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:25
These are the states for which the presidential candidates are battling
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ํ›„๋ณด๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋ฅผ
13:30
or fighting to gain the majority of voters.
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์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ธ์šฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
13:35
If you're reading news about the U S election,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์ฝ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
13:37
you might hear about Pennsylvania being a battleground state,
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ํŽœ์‹ค๋ฒ ์ด๋‹ˆ์•„๊ฐ€ ์ „์Ÿํ„ฐ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
13:41
or Wisconsin being a battleground state. All right,
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์œ„์Šค์ฝ˜์‹ ์ด ์ „์Ÿํ„ฐ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์†Œ์‹์„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž,
13:46
now that we understand those US-based terms about politics and election,
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์ด์ œ ์ •์น˜์™€ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
13:51
let's move on in our list.
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๋ชฉ๋ก์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
Term number 11 is partisan politics.
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11๋ฒˆ ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹นํŒŒ ์ •์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:57
Generally speaking,
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
13:58
a partisan is anyone who passionately and unquestionably
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๋‹นํŒŒ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜
14:03
supports a particular person or political group in the
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ํŠน์ • ์ธ๋ฌผ ์ด๋‚˜ ์ •์น˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ์—ด์ •์ ์ด๊ณ  ์˜์‹ฌํ•  ์—ฌ์ง€ ์—†์ด ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:07
United States. When someone uses that term partisan politics,
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. ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹นํŒŒ์  ์ •์น˜๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ,
14:12
they're typically talking about someone who supports just one political
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ •๋‹น๋งŒ ์ง€์ง€
14:16
party and refuses to support any person or
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ชฝ์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜ ์ •์ฑ…๋„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:21
policy from the other side. For example,
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
14:25
if one party introduces a new policy or a new law,
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ํ•œ ์ •๋‹น์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •์ฑ…์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฒ•์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋ฉด
14:29
they don't support it because it doesn't come from their party.
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์ž๊ธฐ ์ •๋‹น์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:34
The opposite of this is bipartisan support.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋Š” ์ดˆ๋‹น์  ์ง€์ง€์ด๋‹ค.
14:38
If you hear about a new policy and you hear that it has
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ฃ๊ณ 
14:42
bipartisan support,
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์ดˆ๋‹น์  ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น๊ณผ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋‹น
14:44
it means it has supporters from both the Republican and the Democratic party in
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๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์ง€์ง€์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:49
the United States. Term
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.
14:51
number 12 is definitely a fun one to know, but it has a very negative meaning.
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12๋ฒˆ ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์•Œ์•„๋‘๋ฉด ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:56
The term is mudslinging.
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์šฉ์–ด๋Š” ์ง„ํ™ ํˆฌ์„ฑ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:59
Imagine going outside after a long,
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๊ธธ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ ํ›„ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉด
15:02
hard rain and the earth is completely
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๋•…์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ
15:07
muddy.
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์ง„ํ™ํƒ•์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
15:08
And then you pick up a handful of mud and throw it at
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ง„ํ™์„ ํ•œ ์›€ํผ ์ง‘์–ด
15:13
someone else. Mudslinging. Of course,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง„ํ™ ํˆฌ์„ฑ์ด. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ
15:17
when we do that literally someone is just covered in
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ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์—ญ๊ฒจ์šด ์ง„ํ™์œผ๋กœ ๋’ค๋ฎ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:21
disgusting mud. When we use that term figuratively,
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. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋น„์œ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ,
15:27
what it means is to use insults or
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๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ์†์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ์š•์ด๋‚˜ ๋น„๋‚œ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:31
accusations with the goal of damaging your opponent's
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15:35
reputation.
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. ์ „
15:37
I think we all know no matter where we live in the world,
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์–ด๋””์— ์‚ด๋“  ์ •์น˜์—์„œ
15:41
that mudslinging happens often in politics. Unfortunately,
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์ง„ํ™ ํˆฌ์„ฑ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ž์ฃผ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ถˆํ–‰ํžˆ๋„
15:46
another interesting word that we hear when it comes to how people talk about a
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
15:50
political candidate or particular policies is spin.
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์ •์น˜ ํ›„๋ณด์ž๋‚˜ ํŠน์ • ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์Šคํ•€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:56
You might hear the terms, media spin, or political spin.
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์šฉ์–ด, ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ํšŒ์ „ ๋˜๋Š” ์ •์น˜์  ํšŒ์ „์„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:01
To spin physically means to go in circles very fast.
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ์ „ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์›์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:06
But when we use this figuratively with media or politics,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋‚˜ ์ •์น˜์— ๋น„์œ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ
16:11
spin is the way that someone deliberately or carefully
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์Šคํ•€์€ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ
16:16
uses words in a way to control a message.
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๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:21
It is a form of manipulation and a way of influencing
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์กฐ์ž‘์˜ ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ ์ด๋ฉฐ
16:26
how people understand what's happening again. In 2020,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2020๋…„์—
16:30
many of us have experienced political spin on the topic of the
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
16:35
COVID-19 pandemic.
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COVID-19 ๋Œ€์œ ํ–‰์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ •์น˜์  ํšŒ์ „์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:37
Certain politicians or political parties may be
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ํŠน์ • ์ •์น˜์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ์ •๋‹น์€ ๋Œ€์ค‘์ด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์—
16:41
deliberately using words in a way to influence or
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์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
16:45
manipulate how the public understands what's happening.
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์กฐ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
16:50
Similar to spin are the terms,
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์Šคํ•€๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์šฉ์–ด๋Š”
16:53
disinformation and misinformation.
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ํ—ˆ์œ„ ์ •๋ณด ๋ฐ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ •๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:56
These two words are very similar,
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์ด ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋น„์Šท
16:58
but there is a distinction or difference between them.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฐจ์ด์  ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:02
And that difference is the intent or the purpose behind the
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์ •๋ณด ์ด๋ฉด์˜ ์˜๋„ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:06
information.
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.
17:08
Misinformation is any false information that is
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๊ณต์œ ๋˜๋Š” ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ •๋ณด
17:12
shared, and it may be shared by accident.
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์ด๋ฉฐ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ณต์œ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:17
For example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ณผ์˜ ํšŒ์˜
17:18
if you are sharing data in a meeting with your clients,
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์—์„œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
17:23
some of that data may be incorrect, but you don't know that it's incorrect.
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ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:27
And as a result, you're sharing information that isn't accurate,
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ 
17:32
but you're not doing it on purpose.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:35
Disinformation is when information that is false
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ํ—ˆ์œ„ ์ •๋ณด๋Š”
17:40
is shared on purpose again,
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17:44
to manipulate information for political purposes or for propaganda.
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์ •์น˜์  ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋‚˜ ์„ ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ—ˆ์œ„ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์˜๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:49
When I talked about that word spin,
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์Šคํ•€์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ
17:51
I mentioned that many of us in 2020 have read or heard
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์ €๋Š” 2020๋…„์— ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
17:56
media spin or political spin on the COVID-19 pandemic.
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COVID-19 ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ์Šคํ•€์ด๋‚˜ ์ •์น˜์  ์Šคํ•€์„ ์ฝ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:00
And the same is true with misinformation and disinformation.
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ •๋ณด์™€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ •๋ณด๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:06
At times maybe we've received information that isn't accurate,
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์„ ์ˆ˜๋„
18:10
but we didn't have all the information.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:13
It was not intentional. Some of us have also received disinformation;
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์˜๋„์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:18
informationthat
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18:21
was wrong on purpose for some sort of political intent.
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ •๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
18:26
All right, I know that this list today is a long list, but again,
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์ž, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ด ๋ชฉ๋ก์ด ๊ธด ๋ชฉ๋ก์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‰ด์Šค์—์„œ ์ฝ๊ณ  ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
18:30
I really want you to know exactly what you're reading and hearing about in the
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๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:34
news.
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.
18:35
And I also want you to be able to participate in conversations where you live
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๋˜ํ•œ
18:40
on elections and politics. So we have just a few more to go for today.
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์„ ๊ฑฐ์™€ ์ •์น˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ™”์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋งŒ ๋” ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:46
The next one,
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๋‹ค์Œ
18:47
number 15 is the peaceful transfer of power.
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15๋ฒˆ์€ ํ‰ํ™”๋กœ์šด ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ ์ด์–‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:51
This collocation and term is one of the foundations of a democracy.
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์ด ์—ฐ์–ด์™€ ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:57
It is the concept of one political party or leader
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ํ•œ ์ •๋‹น์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€๋„์ž๊ฐ€
19:01
peacefully transferring power to a newly elected
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์ƒˆ๋กœ ์„ ์ถœ๋œ
19:06
leader or party. In the United States since 1797,
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์ง€๋„์ž๋‚˜ ์ •๋‹น์—๊ฒŒ ํ‰ํ™”์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ์ด์–‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1797๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š”
19:10
every president has peacefully transferred
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ํ‰ํ™”๋กญ๊ฒŒ
19:15
power to the next.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์—๊ฒŒ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ์ด์–‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:16
Number 16 on our list is lame duck.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชฉ๋ก์˜ 16๋ฒˆ์€ ์ ˆ๋ฆ„๋ฐœ์ด ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:20
This one's a strange one.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:22
Sometimes when you're reading or listening to the news about a president,
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๊ฐ€๋” ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์ฝ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋“ค์„ ๋•Œ
19:26
you might hear lame duck president or lame duck
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๋ ˆ์ž„๋• ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด๋‚˜ ๋ ˆ์ž„๋•
19:30
term. In politics,
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์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •์น˜์—์„œ
19:33
a lame duck is someone who is weakened or who has lost
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๋ ˆ์ž„๋•์€ ํž˜์ด ์•ฝํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ์žƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ,
19:37
power or someone who will lose power soon because
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19:41
someone else was elected. In the United States,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋‹น์„ ๋ผ ๊ณง ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ์žƒ๊ฒŒ ๋  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚จ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ
19:45
our presidential elections always happen in November,
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๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ 11์›”์— ์น˜๋Ÿฌ์ง€์ง€๋งŒ
19:50
but the peaceful transference of power doesn't happen until January.
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ํ‰ํ™”๋กœ์šด ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ ์ด์–‘์€ 1์›”์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ์•ผ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:55
So there is a period of time where a president may be referred to as a
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์„
20:00
lame duck president. At the time that I'm recording this video,
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๋ ˆ์ž„๋• ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋…นํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์—๋Š”
20:04
we haven't had our election yet.
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์•„์ง ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:07
So you may not hear that word a lot right now,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ฃ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„
20:10
but it could happen after we find out the results of the November 2020
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ 2020๋…„ 11์›” ์„ ๊ฑฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•œ ํ›„์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:14
election. All right,
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. ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:16
the next one on our list is a landslide victory.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ชฉ๋ก์€ ์••๋„์ ์ธ ์Šน๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:21
A landslide is the fast or rapid movement of rocks
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์‚ฐ์‚ฌํƒœ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์œ„
20:25
and earth falling. For example,
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์™€ ๋•…์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธ‰์†ํ•œ ์›€์ง์ž„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
20:28
if something unexpectedly causes rocks or mud to fall down a
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์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐ”์œ„๋‚˜ ์ง„ํ™์ด ์‚ฐ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
20:33
mountain.
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.
20:34
A landslide victory in politics is when a political candidate or
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์ •์น˜์—์„œ ์••๋„์ ์ธ ์Šน๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •์น˜ ํ›„๋ณด์ž๋‚˜
20:39
party wins by an overwhelming majority of voters.
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์ •๋‹น์ด ์••๋„์  ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž์— ์˜ํ•ด ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
20:44
There's no question who won.
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒผ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ์˜๋ฌธ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:47
The opposite of that is a slim majority.
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๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋Š” ํฌ๋ฐ•ํ•œ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:50
And that's when the number of votes between the candidates is very close
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ›„๋ณด์ž๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ํˆฌํ‘œ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด
20:55
term. Number 18 on our list is dog whistle.
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๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ธ ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชฉ๋ก์˜ 18๋ฒˆ์€ ๊ฐœ ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:59
This one is an odd one to associate with politics.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •์น˜์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:04
Literally a dog whistle is a whistle that only dogs
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๊ฐœ ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ์€ ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋งŒ์ด
21:08
can hear.
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๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:10
Dogs can hear or detect sounds at much higher
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๊ฐœ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
21:14
frequencies than humans can. However,
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
21:18
in its figurative meaning, and when we use it in politics,
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๊ทธ ๋น„์œ ์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ •์น˜์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ
21:22
a dog whistle is some kind of coded message or a
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๊ฐœ ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ์€ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”๋œ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€ ๋˜๋Š”
21:27
phrase that only some groups of people will know and
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์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋งŒ ์•Œ๊ณ 
21:31
understand.
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์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:33
An example of how to use this in a sentence would be there's concern
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์˜ˆ๋Š”
21:38
that the candidates message was a dog whistle to some partisan groups.
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ํ›„๋ณด์ž ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋‹นํŒŒ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ ํ˜ธ๋ฃจ๋ผ๊ธฐ๋ผ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:42
Again,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€
21:43
the idea that there was a message given to some groups of people that not
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๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
21:47
everyone understood.
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. ์„ ๊ฑฐ์™€ ์ •์น˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์–ดํœ˜ ๋ชฉ๋ก
21:49
We have just two more words on our list for vocabulary on elections
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์— ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋งŒ ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
21:54
and politics. So let's finish up and then I've got a challenge for you.
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋๋‚ด๊ณ  ๋‚œ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋„์ „์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
21:59
The next one is gaslighting.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:02
Gaslighting is a form of manipulative communication that causes
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๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์€
22:07
other people to question reality or to question what is true.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ˜„์‹ค์— ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ง„์‹ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ ์†Œํ†ต์˜ ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:13
The purpose of gaslighting is to maintain or to
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๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€
22:17
gain more power.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:20
Gaslighting is something that is often done slowly over time
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๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ํ–‰ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๊ธฐ
22:25
so that people are not aware that it's happening.
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:29
They're not aware that they're beginning to question what is real or what
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ง„์งœ์ธ์ง€, ๋ฌด์—‡์ด
22:34
is true.
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์ง„์‹ค์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:35
An example of gaslighting would be when someone denies that they
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๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์˜ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ€์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
22:40
said something,
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.
22:42
even though you have concrete proof that they did, for example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ
22:46
maybe it's in a recording.
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๋“ค์–ด ๋…น์Œ๋œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:48
That constant denial may result in someone questioning
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๊ทธ ๋Š์ž„์—†๋Š” ๋ถ€์ธ์€ ์ง„์‹ค์— ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž์‹ ์ด
22:53
the truth or questioning the recorded proof that they have.
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๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ก๋œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์— ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:59
Gaslighting is certainly something that is used in propaganda and something to
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๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์„ ์ „์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
23:03
be very careful about. And with that,
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๋งค์šฐ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
23:07
the last and final term on our list,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชฉ๋ก์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์ด์ž ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •์น˜๋‚˜ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์™€
23:10
doesn't directly relate to all politics or elections,
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์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
23:15
but it's a word that one of my students asked me about because it's something
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์ œ ํ•™์ƒ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด
23:18
she's reading a lot in the news about the U S elections.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋‰ด์Šค์—์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณธ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. .
23:23
And that term is death toll.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ง์ž ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:25
A death toll is the number of deaths resulting from a
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์‚ฌ๋ง์ž ์ˆ˜๋Š”
23:30
specific cause for example,
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23:33
a natural disaster or a battle.
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์ž์—ฐ ์žฌํ•ด๋‚˜ ์ „ํˆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŠน์ • ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:36
After an earthquake or a hurricane,
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์ง€์ง„์ด๋‚˜ ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ธ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ํ›„
23:38
you may hear news stations talk about the death toll as a result
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๋‰ด์Šค ๋ฐฉ์†ก๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ž์—ฐ ์žฌํ•ด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ž ์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
23:43
of that natural disaster. And over time,
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
23:46
that number may increase. For many of us around the world,
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๊ทธ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2020๋…„ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
23:50
in 2020,
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23:52
the COVID-19 death toll has been an important part of our
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COVID-19 ์‚ฌ๋ง์ž ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜
23:56
conversations and political discussions as well.
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๋Œ€ํ™”์™€ ์ •์น˜์  ํ† ๋ก ์—์„œ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:00
And with that,
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ ๊ฑฐ ๋ฐ ์ •์น˜์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์˜์–ด ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์–ดํœ˜
24:01
you have a full list of 20 advanced level vocabulary words
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20๊ฐœ์˜ ์ „์ฒด ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
24:06
related to elections and politics in English.
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.
24:09
I know this was a long list and there's a lot of difficult vocabulary here
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธด ๋ชฉ๋ก์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์–ดํœ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
24:14
as always. I recommend that you start with just two or three new words,
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. ๋‘์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ
24:19
get a hundred percent familiar with them,
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100% ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ 
24:22
practice using them before you try to learn the full list.
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์ „์ฒด ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ
24:27
If you want to get all my recommendations for how to learn and remember
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์ถ”์ฒœ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
24:32
new vocabulary, I recommend that you watch my lesson on that topic.
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ํ•ด๋‹น ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:37
After you've done that, I want you to practice what you've learned today.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐฐ์šด
24:41
There may be two or three words that you learned today that you want to try
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๋‘์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
24:46
using. You can share with me in the comments below this video,
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. ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์—์„œ ๋‚˜์™€ ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์„ ํƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ
24:50
you can talk about what you've learned in relation to the U S selections.
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๋ฐฐ์šด ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
24:55
You can talk about how elections work, where you live, and again,
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์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š”์ง€, ์–ด๋””์— ์‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ์žˆ๋Š”
24:59
try using some of the vocabulary from this list, with that.
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์–ดํœ˜ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ €์™€
25:04
Thank you so much for joining me.
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:05
I hope that this was helpful to you and I look forward to seeing you next time
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฒˆ
25:09
for your Confident English lesson.
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Confident English ๋ ˆ์Šจ์—์„œ ๋ต™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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