Second Conditional in English + Examples [English Grammar Lesson]

50,042 views ใƒป 2020-12-09

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ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hey, it's Annemarie with Speak Confident English.
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ใญใˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ Speak Confident English ใฎ Annemarie ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:03
This is exactly where you want to be every week to get the confidence you want
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใพใ•ใซใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฎ็”Ÿๆดปใจไป•ไบ‹ใซ ๅฟ…่ฆใช่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ๆฏŽ้€ฑ่กŒใใŸใ„ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™
00:07
for your life and work in English.
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ใ€‚
00:09
If you think back on all your years of studying English,
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ไฝ•ๅนดใซใ‚‚ใ‚ใŸใฃใฆ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผท
00:13
and I know that you've been doing it for a long time,
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ใ—ใฆใใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆŒฏใ‚Š่ฟ”ใฃใฆใ€้•ทใ„้–“่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใใŸใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ ใ€ๆกไปถๅˆ†ๅฒใซใคใ„ใฆ
00:16
you may have asked this question about conditionals.
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ใ“ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
00:20
Do I really need them? They're confusing.
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆททไนฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:24
They have strange grammar structures. Is it really necessary to learn them?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใชๆ–‡ๆณ•ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:29
My students ask me those questions a lot.
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็งใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŸใกใฏ็งใซใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:32
The truth is you absolutely do want to learn how to
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็œŸๅฎŸใฏใ€ไผš่ฉฑใงๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซๆกไปถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆกไปถใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็ตถๅฏพใซๅญฆใณใŸใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™
00:36
use conditionals correctly because we use them regularly in our
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00:41
conversations. And that's the challenge.
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ่ชฒ้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚ ไผš่ฉฑใงๆกไปถ
00:44
How exactly do we use conditionals in conversation?
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ใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ— ใพใ™ใ‹?
00:50
I know in grammar books and in many English classes,
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎๆœฌ ใ‚„ๅคšใใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆŽˆๆฅญใง
00:53
you've learned to memorize the formula.
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ใ€ๅ…ฌๅผใ‚’ๆš—่จ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:56
If plus past simple plus would plus infinitive,
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ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใฎ้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ˜็ด”ใช ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใŒไธๅฎš่ฉžใฎใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใซใชใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€่จ€่ชžใง
01:00
you learn these kinds of mathematical equations in the language,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็จฎ้กžใฎๆ•ฐๅผใ‚’ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ™
01:04
and those are important. You absolutely want to know the formula that we use,
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ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ็ง ใŸใกใŒไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ…ฌๅผ
01:09
or the general pattern for structuring those sentences.
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ใ‚„ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆง‹ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใ‚’็ตถๅฏพใซ็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
01:13
But if you don't understand why you actually need them,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใช็†็”ฑใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€
01:19
it's really hard to remember to use them.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ™ใฎใฏ้žๅธธใซๅ›ฐ้›ฃใงใ™ใ€‚
01:22
And that's what we're going to focus on today. Several weeks ago,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒไปŠๆ—ฅ็งใŸใกใŒ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใ‚ˆใ†ใจ ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆ•ฐ้€ฑ้–“ๅ‰ใ€
01:26
I did a lesson on the zero and first conditional forms in English, again,
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็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ‚ผใƒญใจๆœ€ๅˆใฎ ๆกไปถไป˜ใใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ใพใŸใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆกไปถ
01:31
with the focus on how or why we use those conditional forms and
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ไป˜ใใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใจไผš่ฉฑใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใพใŸใฏใชใœไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใŸ ใ‚‚ใฎ
01:36
conversations. And today we're going to do the same with the second conditional.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ ใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใงใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:41
We will do a little bit of review of that pattern or formula that
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็งใŸใกใŒๅพ“ใ† ใใฎใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใพใŸใฏๅ…ฌๅผใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—่ฆ‹็›ดใ—
01:45
we follow.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:46
But what I really want to focus on are the different ways that we use the
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใŸใ„ใฎ ใฏใ€็งใŸใกใŒ
01:51
second conditional, for example,
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2็•ช็›ฎใฎ
01:53
did you know that we use this conditional forgiving advice,
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ๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ‚’
01:58
imagining a different future outcome or an unlikely future
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ไฝฟ็”จ
02:03
outcome, because we all like to dream about different future possibilities,
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™. ๅฐ†ๆฅใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€ง
02:08
even if they're unlikely and we use the second conditional to express regret
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ใŒไฝŽใใ€ ๅพŒๆ‚”
02:13
or wishes for a different reality,
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ใ‚„ๅˆฅใฎ็พๅฎŸใธใฎๅธŒๆœ›ใ‚’่กจใ™ใŸใ‚ใซ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚
02:16
of course we can't change what is true right now,
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ใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ ็พๅœจใฎ็œŸๅฎŸใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“
02:20
but we can definitely wish that things were different throughout today's lesson.
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ใŒใ€็‰ฉไบ‹ใŒใšใฃใจ้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใจ้ก˜ใ†ใ“ใจใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ€‚
02:25
I'm going to give you multiple examples so that you can get the repetition.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ไฝฟใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถ
02:29
You need to get comfortable with that sentence structure or pattern
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02:34
that we need to correctly formulate the second conditional.
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ใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใๅฎšๅผๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅฟ…่ฆใชๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใพใŸใฏใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:38
And you're going to learn how to use it in your own conversations.
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ใใ—ใฆ ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎไผš่ฉฑใงใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ™ใ€‚
02:50
[Inaudible].
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[่žใ“ใˆใชใ„]ใ€‚
02:54
If you completed the lesson, I did a few weeks ago on the first conditional,
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ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€็งใฏ ๆ•ฐ้€ฑ้–“ๅ‰ใซๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถไป˜ใใง
02:59
then, you know,
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่กŒใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใใฎๅพŒใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎ็Šถๆณใง
03:00
we use the first conditional in real situations with
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถไป˜ใใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€
03:05
a likely consequence or result. For example, in this sentence,
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็ตๆžœใพใŸใฏ็ตๆžœใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใง
03:10
we will pay 3% more if you can complete this
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ใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’ 1 ใ‹ๆœˆไปฅๅ†…ใซๅฎŒไบ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚Œใฐใ€3% ๅข—้กใ— ใพใ™
03:14
project within a month. In that sentence,
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ใ€‚ ใใฎๆ–‡ใง
03:17
I'm following the typical pattern for a first conditional sentence and by doing
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ใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใฎๅ…ธๅž‹็š„ใชใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใซๅพ“ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:22
so,
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03:23
I indicate that it's likely that a company will be able to
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ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ไผๆฅญใŒ 1 ใ‹ๆœˆไปฅๅ†…ใซใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’ๅฎŒไบ†ใงใใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„
03:28
complete a project within a month. And as a result,
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎ็ตๆžœใ€
03:31
they'll get paid 3% more. However,
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ 3% ๅคšใๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€
03:34
if it is unlikely that the company will be able to complete a
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ไผš็คพใŒ
03:39
project within a month,
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1 ใ‹ๆœˆไปฅๅ†…ใซใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆ
03:41
then we would want to shift to the second conditional and our sentence would
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ใ‚’ๅฎŒไบ†ใงใใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒไฝŽใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใซ็งป่กŒใ—ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆ ใŠใ‚Šใ€็งใŸใกใฎๆ–‡ใฏๆฌกใฎ
03:45
become, we would pay 3% more if you could,
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Š
03:50
or if you would complete this project within a month.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’ 1 ใ‹ๆœˆไปฅๅ†…ใซๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:54
By making that little shift in our grammar,
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ— ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹
03:57
we're indicating that it's unlikely that a company would be able to meet
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ใ“ใจใงใ€ไผๆฅญใŒใใฎๆœŸ้™ใซ้–“ใซๅˆใ†ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏไฝŽใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
04:02
that deadline. In fact,
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ใ€‚ ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€
04:04
it's likely that they need more than a month to complete the project.
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ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’ๅฎŒไบ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซ 1 ใ‹ๆœˆไปฅไธŠใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:08
And as a result, they will not get that 3% increase in payments.
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ใใฎ็ตๆžœใ€ ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ„ใŒ 3% ๅข—ๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:14
The change that we're making in the formula is we're shifting from the present
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็งใŸใกใŒ ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒŸใƒฅใƒฉใง่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅค‰ๆ›ดใฏใ€็พๅœจใฎ
04:18
simple to the past simple and we're changing will to would.
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ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใ‹ใ‚‰้ŽๅŽปใฎใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใซ็งป่กŒใ—ใ€ ๆ„ๅฟ—ใ‚’ๆ„ๅฟ—ใซๅค‰ใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
04:22
By doing that,
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ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€
04:24
we're changing our focus from something likely to something unlikely
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็งใŸใกใฎ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ใ‚ใ‚Š ใใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใใ†ใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€
04:29
or even impossible or unreal.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏไธๅฏ่ƒฝใพใŸใฏ้ž็พๅฎŸ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซๅค‰ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:33
So let's look at some example sentences to illustrate all of
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹
04:37
those different reasons for using the second conditional. And in each example,
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ใฆใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็†็”ฑใ‚’ใ™ในใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅ„ๆ–‡ใฎไพ‹ใงใฏใ€
04:42
sentence,
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04:43
you'll see that I'm following the formula that we need for grammatical accuracy.
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎๆญฃ็ขบใ•ใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ…ฌๅผใซๅพ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:48
With each example,
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ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใฎไพ‹ใงใ€
04:49
I'm also going to ask you a question and pause for a moment so that you can
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่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆๅฐ‘ใ—้–“ใ‚’
04:54
think about the sentence and what it is really saying.
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็ฝฎใ„ใฆใ€ๆ–‡ใจ ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซไฝ•ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†.
04:58
So let's start with number one. If I had more time,
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€1็•ชใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐ
05:02
I would exercise more. Think about that sentence for a moment.
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ใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจ้‹ๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซใ€‚ ใใฎๆ–‡ใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‘ใ—่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
05:07
If I am imagining a different reality then what do you think
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ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒๅˆฅใฎ็พๅฎŸใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซไฝ•ใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใ ใจๆ€ใ„
05:12
is actually true?
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ใพใ™ใ‹?
05:14
The true reality is I don't have time.
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ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใชใ„ใฎใŒ็พๅฎŸใงใ™ใ€‚
05:19
And as a result, I'm not exercising more.
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ใใฎ็ตๆžœใ€็งใฏใใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠ้‹ๅ‹•ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:23
But with that second conditional sentence,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใฎ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใงใ€
05:26
I'm imagining something different.
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็งใฏๅˆฅใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:28
I may even be expressing some regret.
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ๆ‚”ใ—ใ„ๆ€ใ„ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:31
Maybe I want to have more time to exercise,
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจ้‹ๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“
05:35
but it's just not possible right now. Let's try another example.
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ใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ไปŠใฏ็„ก็†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:40
If their company had a better reputation,
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎไผš็คพใฎ่ฉ•ๅˆคใŒ่‰ฏใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅฅ‘็ด„
05:44
we would consider them for a contract. Again,
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ใ‚’ๆคœ่จŽใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
05:47
we're using the second conditional to indicate that something is unreal or
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ้ž็พๅฎŸ็š„ใพใŸใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใใ†ใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
05:52
unlikely. So what is the truth in that sentence?
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใง ใ€ใใฎๆ–‡ใฎ็œŸๅฎŸใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:57
What is true about that company?
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ใใฎไผš็คพใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ็œŸๅฎŸใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:00
The truth is they don't have a good reputation.
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่ฉ•ๅˆคใŒ่‰ฏใใชใ„ใฎใ‚‚ไบ‹ๅฎŸใงใ™ ใ€‚
06:04
And if that is the truth, then what is the result?
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ‚ŒใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใชใ‚‰ ใ€็ตๆžœใฏใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹๏ผŸ
06:10
Are we likely to have a contract with them or not? Definitely not.
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็งใŸใกใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใจๅฅ‘็ด„ใ‚’็ตใถๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ็ตถๅฏพใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:15
The reality is they don't have a good reputation.
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่ฉ•ๅˆคใŒ่‰ฏใใชใ„ใฎใ‚‚ไบ‹ๅฎŸใงใ™ ใ€‚
06:19
So it's unlikely that we'll consider them for a contract.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅฅ‘็ด„ใฎๅฏพ่ฑกใจใ—ใฆๆคœ่จŽใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏไฝŽใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:23
This is a great sentence structure to use. If someone asks you,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๆœ€้ฉใชๆ–‡ ๆง‹้€ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใจ่žใ‹ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ€
06:28
why don't you consider using this other company?
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ใ“ใฎไป–็คพใ‚’ๅˆฉ็”จใ—ใฆใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:30
Or why don't you consider going to that restaurant for your birthday?
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ใพใŸใฏใ€่ช•็”Ÿๆ—ฅใซใใฎใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใ‚’ๆคœ่จŽใ—ใฆใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ‹?
06:34
And you want to politely say why you will not consider it.
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ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่€ƒๆ…ฎใ—ใชใ„็†็”ฑใ‚’ไธๅฏงใซ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™.
06:39
Similar to the company you might say if that restaurant had a better
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ใใฎใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใฎ
06:44
reputation,
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่ฉ•ๅˆคใŒ
06:45
or if that restaurant had better reviews,
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ใ‚ˆใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใพใŸใฏใใฎใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใฎใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใŒใ‚ˆใ‘ใ‚Œใฐ
06:49
I would consider going there for my birthday.
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ใ€็งใฎ่ช•็”Ÿๆ—ฅใซใใ“ใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใ‚’ๆคœ่จŽใ—ใพใ™.
06:52
It's a polite way to say that the truth is they have terrible
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็œŸๅฎŸใฏใฒใฉใ„
06:57
reviews and you definitely do not want to consider going there for your
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ใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผ ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ช•็”Ÿๆ—ฅใซใใ“ใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใ‚’็ตถๅฏพใซ่€ƒใˆใŸใใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏไธๅฏงใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™
07:01
birthday. Before I give you another example for us to work on together.
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. ไธ€็ท’ใซๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใ‚€ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ.
07:05
I want you to pause and think about that. Is there a city, a country,
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็ซ‹ใกๆญขใพใฃใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆ ใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ้ƒฝๅธ‚ใ€ๅ›ฝ
07:10
a museum, a restaurant, or some other location that someone has asked,
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ใ€ๅš็‰ฉ้คจใ€ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใ€ใพใŸใฏ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒๅฐ‹ใญใŸๅ ดๆ‰€ใ€
07:15
have you considered, or why don't you consider going there?
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ๆคœ่จŽใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใใ“ใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใชใ„็†็”ฑใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
07:19
And you want to politely respond with why you're not considering it
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ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่€ƒใˆใชใ„็†็”ฑใ‚’ไธๅฏงใซ็ญ”ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
07:25
again. You would follow that structure if they had better reviews,
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ใ€‚ ใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผ
07:29
if they had a better reputation,
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ใŒใ‚ˆใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€่ฉ•ๅˆคใŒ
07:32
if the museum wasn't so crowded,
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ใ‚ˆใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅš็‰ฉ้คจใŒใใ‚Œใปใฉๆทท้›‘ใ—
07:36
then I would.
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ใฆใ„ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใฎๆง‹้€ ใซๅพ“ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:39
So I want you to think about how you would finish an example,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ† ใชไพ‹ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅฎŒๆˆใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆ
07:42
sentence like that and share it with me below. In a moment,
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ใฆใ€ไปฅไธ‹ใงๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„. ใ“ใฎๅพŒใ€ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ€ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏๆๆกˆใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถ
07:45
we're going to look at how we use the second conditional for giving advice,
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ๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใŒใ€
07:49
opinions, or suggestions, but let's do one more practice.
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ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใค็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:53
And this is a great opportunity to focus on how the second conditional can be
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใ‚’ไบคๆธ‰ใงใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ™ใ‚‹็ตถๅฅฝใฎๆฉŸไผš
07:58
used in negotiations.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:01
Imagine that one side is asking a company to cut costs,
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ไธ€ๆ–นใŒ ไผๆฅญใซใ‚ณใ‚นใƒˆๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
08:06
but that company is unwilling to compromise.
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ใŒใ€ใใฎไผๆฅญใฏ ๅฆฅๅ”ใ—ใŸใŒใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:11
They might say something like if we reduced our costs by
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ใ‚ณใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’
08:15
10%, we would have to cut our staff.
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10% ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ไบบๅ“กใ‚’ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใชใฉใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:19
And we're just not willing to do that.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:22
The reality in that situation is this company does not want
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ใใฎ็ŠถๆณใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹็พๅฎŸใฏใ€ ใ“ใฎไผš็คพใฏ
08:27
to cut their staff. And as a result, they are not going to cut their costs.
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ไบบๅ“กใ‚’ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ—ใŸใใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎ็ตๆžœใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ณใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไบคๆธ‰
08:32
It is an effective,
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ใง่ฆๆฑ‚ใซใƒŽใƒผใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏใ€ๅŠนๆžœ็š„ใง
08:33
polite way to say no to a request in an negotiation.
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ไธๅฏงใชๆ–นๆณ• ใงใ™.
08:38
All right, now let's talk about using the second conditional for giving advice,
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ใงใฏใ€ ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ€ๆๆกˆใ€ใพใŸใฏๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
08:43
suggestions, or opinions. And for this, we use a very simple starter.
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€้žๅธธใซๅ˜็ด”ใชใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:48
If I were you, if I were you, I would be honest about what happened.
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ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใชใ‚‰ใ€ ไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ๆญฃ็›ดใซ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†.
08:53
If I were you,
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ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใชใ‚‰ใ€
08:55
I would study a little bit every day to develop a daily English habit.
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ๆฏŽๆ—ฅๅฐ‘ใ—ใšใคๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆ ใ€ๆฏŽๆ—ฅใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใ‚’่บซใซใคใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:00
If I were you, I would tell them we cannot negotiate on the costs.
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ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใชใ‚‰ ใ€่ฒป็”จใซใคใ„ใฆไบคๆธ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใชใ„ใจๅฝผใ‚‰ใซไผใˆใพใ™.
09:06
And each one of those sentences,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใฎใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ
09:07
I'm following the formula that we need for the second conditional.
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ใงใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใซๅฟ…่ฆใชๅผใซๅพ“ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:11
And I'm offering my advice or my opinions on a variety of topics.
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ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚„ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:17
We typically use this structure in professional, polite conversation.
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็งใŸใกใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ใ“ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ ๅฐ‚้–€็š„ใงไธๅฏงใชไผš่ฉฑใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:22
Before we finish up today's lesson, I want to focus on two more things.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ ใ‚ใจ 2 ใคใฎใ“ใจใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:26
The first is how we use second conditionals for fun
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1 ใค็›ฎใฏ ใ€ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ไผš่ฉฑใฎใŸใ‚ใซ 2 ใค็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•
09:31
conversation.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:32
And the second are some alternatives that we can use to the word would.
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2 ใค็›ฎใฏ ใ€would ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไปฃๆ›ฟ่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปฅๅ‰ใซ
09:38
If you've studied with me before then, you know,
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็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ไผš่ฉฑใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถ
09:40
I love to highlight how we use second conditionals for fun
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ๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
09:44
conversationquestions. English,
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ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ
09:47
speakers love using the second conditional for interesting conversation
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่ฉฑ่€…ใฏใ€่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ไผš่ฉฑใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅคงๅฅฝใ
09:51
questions. And again, imagining something different or unlikely.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹้•ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚Šใใ†ใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎ
09:56
If you could travel anywhere in the world for two weeks, where would you go?
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ใฉใ“ใซใงใ‚‚2้€ฑ้–“ๆ—…่กŒใงใใ‚‹ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใฉใ“ใซ ่กŒใใพใ™ใ‹?
10:01
Or if you could change your career, what would you do?
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒชใ‚ขใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?
10:05
All of those questions, of course,
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฏใ™ในใฆใ€
10:07
focus on something that is unlikely or unreal at this time.
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็พๆ™‚็‚นใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใใ†ใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏ้ž็พๅฎŸ็š„ใชใ“ใจใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆใ„ใพใ™.
10:12
It's unlikely to have the ability to travel anywhere in the world for two weeks.
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ไธ–็•Œใฎ ใฉใ“ใธใงใ‚‚ 2 ้€ฑ้–“ๆ—…่กŒใงใใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
10:17
And at this point in my career, and maybe also in your career,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฎใ‚ญใƒฃใƒชใ‚ขใฎใ“ใฎๆ™‚็‚นใงใ€ ใใ—ใฆใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚ญใƒฃใƒชใ‚ขใซใŠใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ€
10:22
it's unlikely that I'll change,
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็งใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏไฝŽใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็Šถๆณใจใ€ไฝ•ใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€ง
10:24
but it's kind of fun to think about all those different situations and
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใฎใฏๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใ“ใจ
10:29
what could be different.
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ใงใ™.
10:32
So even if you avoid using the second conditional in your own
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ
10:36
conversations,
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ไผš่ฉฑใง
10:38
don't be surprised if an English speaker asks you a second,
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ
10:42
conditional question just for fun. Now,
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ๆกไปถไป˜ใใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ไบบใŒๆฅฝใ—ใฟใฎใŸใ‚ใซ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถไป˜ใใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚้ฉšใ‹ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆ
10:45
the last important thing to know about second conditionals is in that formula
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ใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใซใคใ„ใฆ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใในใๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจ
10:50
that we have,
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ใฏใ€็งใŸใกใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅผใงใ€
10:51
we could replace would with the words might or
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would ใ‚’ๅ˜่ชž might ใพใŸใฏ
10:56
could. And when we do that,
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could ใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐ
10:58
there's just a little change in the meaning.
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ใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:02
When we have the word would,
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would ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
11:04
we're indicating that something is unlikely or unreal, maybe even impossible.
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ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใใ†ใซใชใ„ใ‹ใ€้ž็พๅฎŸ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใไธๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:09
If I use the word,
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็งใŒใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
11:11
might it indicates that something is possible,
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ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
11:15
but it's unlikely to happen. And if we use the word,
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ใŒใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏไฝŽใ„ใงใ™. ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
11:20
could it indicates that there is the ability
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ใ€
11:24
someone would be able to do something, but again, it's unlikely.
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹่ƒฝๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏไฝŽใ„ใงใ™. ๅŒใ˜ๆ–‡
11:29
Let's take a look at several sentences that are the same.
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ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
11:33
And the only thing that's different is whether we're using would,
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ๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎ้•ใ„ ใฏใ€wouldใ€couldใ€might ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใงใ™
11:37
could or might.
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ใ€‚
11:38
And we'll see how that little change impacts the meaning to do
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใฎๅฐใ•ใชๅค‰ๆ›ดใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™
11:43
this. Let's imagine a company that provides a service,
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. ใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ไผš็คพใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
11:47
but customers have to wait a very long time for that
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€้กงๅฎขใฏใใฎใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใ‚’้žๅธธใซ้•ทใ„ๆ™‚้–“ๅพ…ใŸใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
11:51
service.
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ใ€‚
11:52
So the employees are talking about how to cut or
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใฏ
11:57
reduce the response time.
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ๅฟœ็ญ”ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’็Ÿญ็ธฎใพใŸใฏ็Ÿญ็ธฎใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:00
And here are three different sentences we could use.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใซ ็งใŸใกใŒไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹3ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.
12:04
If the company reduced their response times they would have more
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ไผš็คพใŒ ๅฟœ็ญ”ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’็Ÿญ็ธฎใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎ
12:09
customers. So what's the truth.
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้กงๅฎขใ‚’็ฒๅพ—ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€็œŸๅฎŸใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
12:12
The truth is it's unlikely that it will happen.
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็œŸๅฎŸใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒไฝŽใ„ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
12:17
It's unlikely that they will reduce those response times.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฟœ็ญ”ๆ™‚้–“ใŒ็Ÿญ็ธฎใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏไฝŽใ„ใงใ™ ใ€‚
12:21
And as a result, it's unlikely that they will get more customers,
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ใใฎ็ตๆžœใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ข ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎ้กงๅฎขใ‚’็ฒๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏไฝŽใใชใ‚Š
12:26
a second option. If the company reduced their response times,
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไผš็คพ ใŒๅฟœ็ญ”ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’็Ÿญ็ธฎใ™ใ‚Œ
12:31
they might get more customers. In that example,
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ใฐใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎ้กงๅฎขใ‚’็ฒๅพ—ใงใใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎไพ‹ใง
12:36
the word might indicate that it's possible, but it's not a guarantee,
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ใฏใ€่จ€่‘‰ใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œ ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
12:41
even if they're successful,
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ๆˆๅŠŸใ—ใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฟœ็ญ”ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’็Ÿญ็ธฎใ—ใŸใจใ—ใฆ
12:43
even if they do reduce those response times,
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ใ‚‚ใ€
12:47
it's not a guarantee that they'll get more customers.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎ้กงๅฎขใ‚’็ฒๅพ—ใงใใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ไฟ่จผใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.
12:52
And lastly, if the company reduced their response times,
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ไผๆฅญ ใŒๅฟœ็ญ”ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’็Ÿญ็ธฎใ—ใŸ
12:56
they could get more customers by using the word could.
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ๅ ดๅˆใ€ could ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎ้กงๅฎขใ‚’็ฒๅพ—ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
13:01
We're indicating that they would be able to have more customers.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ ใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎ้กงๅฎขใ‚’ๆŒใคใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
13:05
Maybe they would have increased capacity to have more
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ใŸใถใ‚“ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎ้กงๅฎขใ‚’ๆŒใค่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’้ซ˜ใ‚ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
13:10
customers.
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ใ€‚
13:11
We often use this particular structure when we're offering a suggestion or
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ๆๆกˆใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใŸใ‚Š
13:16
sharing an idea,
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ใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—
13:18
even though it may be an unlikely suggestion or an
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ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€ใ“ใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใ
13:22
unlikely solution. All right,
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:25
I know that that's a lot of information.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅคšใใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใงใ™ใ€‚
13:28
And the second conditional is always a challenge.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆกไปถ ใฏๅธธใซ่ชฒ้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚
13:31
And that's why I have a few challenge questions for you,
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13:34
because I want you to practice. I want you to get the repetition.
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็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒชใƒ”ใƒผใƒˆใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:38
You need to become familiar with the pattern or the structure that we
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็ง ใŸใกใŒไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใพใŸใฏๆง‹้€ ใซ็ฒพ้€šใ—ใ€
13:43
need to use and get comfortable with this idea of
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13:47
expressing something that is unlikely, unreal, or impossible,
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ใ‚ใ‚Š ใใ†ใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€้ž็พๅฎŸ็š„ใ€ใพใŸใฏไธๅฏ่ƒฝใชใ“ใจใ‚’
13:52
expressing a regret or a wish for something different,
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่กจ็พใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅพŒๆ‚”ใ‚„ ไฝ•ใ‹้•ใ†ใ“ใจใธใฎ้ก˜ใ„ใ‚’่กจ็พใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€
13:56
or even offering advice, opinions, and suggestions.
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ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚„ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใฎ่€ƒใˆใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณๆๆกˆใ€‚
13:59
So here's some questions I have for you. If you had more free time,
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ใใ“ใงใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใฃใจ่‡ช็”ฑใชๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€
14:05
what would you do with it?
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ใใ‚Œใงไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?
14:07
If your friend at work made a huge mistake.
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่ทๅ ดใฎๅ‹ไบบ ใŒๅคงใใช้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€‚
14:12
What would you say?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผŸ
14:14
This is your opportunity to think about an opinion or a piece of advice.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ€ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚„ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ๆฉŸไผšใงใ™ใ€‚
14:19
If you found this lesson useful to you, I would love to know,
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใฃ ใŸใจๆ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใœใฒ
14:22
and you can tell me in three simple ways, number one,
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ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚3 ใคใฎ็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงๆ•™ใˆ
14:26
give this lesson a thumbs up on YouTube. And while you're doing that,
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ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใพใšใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ YouTube ใง้ซ˜ใ่ฉ•ไพกใ—ใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้–“ใ€
14:29
subscribe to this channel.
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ใ“ใฎใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚’่ณผ่ชญใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„.
14:31
So you never miss one of my Confident English lessons. Number two,
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่‡ชไฟกใซๆบ€ใกใŸ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹้€ƒใ™ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ็ฌฌไบŒใซ
14:36
answer the challenge, questions, and share your answers with me.
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ใ€่ชฒ้กŒใจ่ณชๅ•ใซ ็ญ”ใˆใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็งใจๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:39
And then number three, if you have a friend, family member or coworker,
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ใใ—ใฆ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใซใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ๅ‹ไบบใ€ๅฎถๆ—ใ€ใพใŸใฏๅŒๅƒšใŒใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใงใ™
14:43
who's also trying to improve their English skills.
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ใ€‚
14:47
You can share this lesson with them by sharing it on Facebook or sending it
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ ใ‚’ Facebook ใงๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹
14:51
directly by email with that. Thank you so much for joining me.
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ใ€ใƒกใƒผใƒซใง็›ดๆŽฅ้€ไฟกใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ”ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ„ใŸใ ใใ€่ช ใซใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
14:55
And I look forward to seeing you next time for your Confident English lesson.
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ๆฌกๅ›žใ€่‡ชไฟกใซๆบ€ใกใŸ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใŠไผšใ„ใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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