Learn Past Perfect Tense | Basic English Grammar Course

156,783 views ・ 2020-06-27

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μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Hi, everybody.
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„.
00:01
I'm Esther.
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μ €λŠ” μ—μŠ€λ”μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:02
In this video, I will introduce the past perfect tense.
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이번 μ˜μƒμ—μ„œλŠ” κ³Όκ±°μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό μ†Œκ°œν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:06
This tense is used to describe an action that took place at a specific time in the past.
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이 μ‹œμ œλŠ” 과거의 νŠΉμ • μ‹œκ°„μ— λ°œμƒν•œ
λ™μž‘μ„ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
00:13
This tense can be a little tricky, but don't worry I will guide you through it.
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이 μ‹œμ œλŠ” μ•½κ°„ κΉŒλ‹€λ‘œμšΈ 수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ,
μ œκ°€ μ•ˆλ‚΄ν•΄ λ“œλ¦΄ν…Œλ‹ˆ κ±±μ •ν•˜μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”.
00:18
There's so much to learn and it's a very important tense.
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배울 것이 λ„ˆλ¬΄ 많고
맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ‹œμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:21
So keep watching.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ 계속 μ§€μΌœλ³΄μ„Έμš”.
00:25
Let's take a look at the first usage of the past perfect tense.
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κ³Όκ±°μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ˜
첫 번째 μ‚¬μš©λ²•μ„ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:30
This tense can be used to describe an action in the past
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. 이 μ‹œμ œλŠ” 과거의 λ‹€λ₯Έ 행동 이전에 λ°œμƒν•œ 과거의
행동을 μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©λ  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:34
that happened before another action in the past.
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.
00:37
Here are some examples.
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μ—¬κΈ° λͺ‡ 가지 μ˜ˆκ°€ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
00:39
β€˜I have visited China before I moved there.’
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'μ €λŠ” μ€‘κ΅­μœΌλ‘œ μ΄μ‚¬ν•˜κΈ° 전에 쀑ꡭ을 λ°©λ¬Έν•œ 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
00:43
No matter what the subject you follow with β€˜had’,
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'had'둜 λ”°λ₯΄λŠ”
μ£Όμ œκ°€ 무엇이든 상관 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:47
So that's easy.
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. 그러면 μ‰½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:48
β€˜I had’ β€˜Steve had’
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'λ‚΄κ°€ κ°€μ‘Œμ–΄'
'μŠ€ν‹°λΈŒκ°€ κ°€μ‘Œμ–΄'
00:51
β€˜The plane had’ and β€˜We had’.
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'λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°κ°€ κ°€μ‘Œμ–΄'
그리고 'μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ°€μ‘Œμ–΄'.
00:53
Then, we follow with the past participle of the verb.
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그런 λ‹€μŒ λ™μ‚¬μ˜ κ³Όκ±° 뢄사λ₯Ό λ”°λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:58
In this case, it's β€˜visited’.
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이 κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” 'λ°©λ¬Έν•˜λ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:00
β€˜I had visited China.’
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'λ‚˜λŠ” 쀑ꡭ을 λ°©λ¬Έν•œ 적이 μžˆλ‹€.'
01:03
Now you'll notice that the second verb is in the past simple tense.
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이제 두 번째 동사가
λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μ΄λΌλŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:07
β€˜I moved there.’
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. 'λ‚˜λŠ” 거기둜 μ΄μ‚¬ν–ˆλ‹€.'
01:09
And I'll talk about that a little bit more later on.
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그리고 그것에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” λ‚˜μ€‘μ— 쑰금 더 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:12
β€˜Steve had bought the book.’
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'μŠ€ν‹°λΈŒκ°€ κ·Έ 책을 μƒ€μ–΄μš”.'
01:15
Again, β€˜subject’, β€˜had’ and β€˜past participle’.
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λ‹€μ‹œ 'μ£Όμ–΄', 'had', '과거뢄사'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:19
In this case, the verb is β€˜buy’.
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이 경우 λ™μ‚¬λŠ” 'ꡬ맀'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:22
β€˜Steve had bought the book before he read it.’
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'μŠ€ν‹°λΈŒλŠ” 책을 읽기 전에 κ·Έ 책을 μƒ€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
01:26
Again, we have the simple tense of β€˜read’ which is β€˜read’.
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, '읽닀'λΌλŠ” λ‹¨μˆœ μ‹œμ œ '읽닀'κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:31
And finally, β€˜The plane had left by the time I got to the airport.’
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ
'λ‚΄κ°€ 곡항에 λ„μ°©ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°λŠ” 이미 떠났닀'κ³  λ§ν–ˆλ‹€.
01:36
Again, the first part of this sentence is in the past perfect tense.
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, 이 λ¬Έμž₯의 첫 뢀뢄은
κ³Όκ±°μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:41
β€˜The plane had left’.
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'λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°κ°€ 떠났닀'.
01:43
This is the past participle of β€˜leave’.
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'leave'의 κ³Όκ±°λΆ„μ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:47
The second verb says, β€˜I got to the airport.’
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두 번째 λ™μ‚¬λŠ” 'I got to the Airport'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:50
β€˜got’ is the past tense of β€˜get’.
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'μ–»λ‹€'λŠ” 'μ–»λ‹€'의 κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μ΄λ‹€.
01:53
Now what these three sentences have in common is that you'll see, β€˜before’.
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이제 이 μ„Έ λ¬Έμž₯의 곡톡점은
'이전'을 보게 될 κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
β€˜before’ or β€˜by the time’.
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'이전' λ˜λŠ” 'λ•Œλ•Œλ‘œ'.
02:02
They all mean the same thing.
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그것듀은 λͺ¨λ‘ 같은 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
The verb that is in the past perfect tense happened first.
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κ³Όκ±°μ™„λ£Œν˜• 동사가 λ¨Όμ € μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
The verb that's in the past simple tense happen after.
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λ‹¨μˆœκ³Όκ±°ν˜• λ™μ‚¬λŠ” after에 λ‚˜μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:14
So again, for the first example.
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λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œ 번, 첫 번째 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:17
β€˜before I move there’ That happened later.
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'κ±°κΈ° μ΄μ‚¬ν•˜κΈ° 전에'
λ‚˜μ€‘μ— 그런 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:21
Before that, β€˜I had already visited China.’
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κ·Έ μ „μ—λŠ” 'λ‚˜λŠ” 이미 쀑ꡭ을 λ°©λ¬Έν•œ 적이 μžˆλ‹€.'
02:25
Do you understand how that works?
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그게 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μž‘λ™ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜μ‹œλ‚˜μš”?
02:27
Let's take a look at the last example.
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
β€˜When they arrived, we had already started the game.’
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'그듀이 λ„μ°©ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이미 κ²Œμž„μ„ μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
02:34
So maybe they were late or something had happened.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λŠ¦μ—ˆκ±°λ‚˜ 무슨 일이 μžˆμ—ˆμ„ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
But β€˜When they arrived’, this is the past simple tense.
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그런데 '그듀이 λ„μ°©ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ'
λŠ” λ‹¨μˆœκ³Όκ±°ν˜•μ΄λ‹€.
02:42
So this happened second.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이런 일이 두 번째둜 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
β€˜We had already started the game.’
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'μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이미 κ²Œμž„μ„ μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
02:47
This action had already started.
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이 μž‘μ—…μ€ 이미 μ‹œμž‘λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:50
It started before this action.
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이 μž‘μ—… 이전에 μ‹œμž‘λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:54
Let's move on.
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계속 μ§„ν–‰ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
02:55
Earlier I mentioned that the past perfect tense can be used to describe an action
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μ•žμ„œ λ‚˜λŠ” κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œκ°€
과거의 λ‹€λ₯Έ 행동 이전에
03:00
that happened in the past before another action in the past.
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과거에 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λ˜
행동을 λ¬˜μ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©λ  수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ–ΈκΈ‰ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
03:05
We can do the same thing but also emphasize the duration.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ˜‘κ°™μ€ 일을 ν•  수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
기간도 κ°•μ‘°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
How long that first action happened.
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첫 번째 μ‘°μΉ˜κ°€ λ°œμƒν•œ κΈ°κ°„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:12
We do this by using four and a duration.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 4κ°œμ™€ 기간을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 이λ₯Ό μˆ˜ν–‰ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:16
Let's take a look.
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ν•œ 번 보자.
03:17
β€˜I had owned my computer for two months before it broke.’
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'μ €λŠ” 컴퓨터가 κ³ μž₯λ‚˜κΈ° μ „κΉŒμ§€ 두 달 λ™μ•ˆ 컴퓨터λ₯Ό μ†Œμœ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
03:23
This is very similar to the first usage.
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μ΄λŠ” 첫 번째 μ‚¬μš©λ²•κ³Ό 맀우 μœ μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
β€˜I had’ and the past participle of the verb.
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'I had'와 λ™μ‚¬μ˜ 과거뢄사.
03:31
This part shows the action that happened earlier in the past.
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이 뢀뢄은 과거에 이전에 λ°œμƒν•œ μž‘μ—…μ„ λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:36
The second part, β€˜it broke’.
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두 번째 뢀뢄은 'κΉ¨μ‘Œλ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:38
The past simple tense verb shows the action in the past
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λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°ν˜• λ™μ‚¬λŠ”
03:42
that happened later than the first action.
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첫 번째 λ™μž‘λ³΄λ‹€ λ‚˜μ€‘μ— λ°œμƒν•œ κ³Όκ±° λ™μž‘μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:46
However, you'll notice that this sentence has a duration, β€˜for two months’.
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그런데 이 λ¬Έμž₯
μ—λŠ” '두 달 λ™μ•ˆ'μ΄λΌλŠ” 기간이 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:52
β€˜I had owned my computer for two months before it broke.’
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. 'μ €λŠ” 컴퓨터가 κ³ μž₯λ‚˜κΈ° μ „κΉŒμ§€ 두 달 λ™μ•ˆ 컴퓨터λ₯Ό μ†Œμœ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
03:56
All I'm doing here is showing how long the first action had been true.
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λ‚΄κ°€ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ ν•˜λŠ” 일은
첫 번째 행동이 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 였래 μ§€μ†λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” κ²ƒλΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:02
Let's take a look at the next example.
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λ‹€μŒ 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:05
β€˜Jim had been lonely for a long time until he got a puppy.’
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'짐은 강아지λ₯Ό ν‚€μš°κΈ° μ „κΉŒμ§€ μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ μ™Έλ‘œμ› μ–΄μš”.'
04:10
Again, we have subject β€˜had’, past participle.
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μ΄λ²ˆμ—λ„ μ£Όμ–΄ 'had', 과거뢄사가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
그리고 λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°ν˜• 'he got a puppy'κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:16
And then we have the past simple β€˜he got a puppy’.
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04:21
All we're doing here is emphasizing how long first action had been true.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•˜λŠ” 일은
첫 번째 행동이 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 였래 μ§€μ†λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ κ°•μ‘°ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒλΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κ·ΈλŠ” μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ μ™Έλ‘œμ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:27
He had been lonely for a long time.
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04:30
That is until the later action, β€˜he got a puppy.’
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그것은 λ‚˜μ€‘μ—
'κ·Έκ°€ 강아지λ₯Ό ν‚€μ› μ–΄μš”'λΌλŠ” 행동이 λ‚˜μ˜¬ λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:35
And finally, β€˜She and I had been friends for many years before she became my wife.’
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ,
'그녀와 λ‚˜λŠ”
κ·Έλ…€κ°€ λ‚΄ μ•„λ‚΄κ°€ 되기 전에 μˆ˜λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ
04:42
The first part of the sentence is the past perfect.
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μΉœκ΅¬μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .' λ¬Έμž₯의 첫 번째 뢀뢄은 κ³Όκ±°μ™„λ£Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:46
It happened before she became my wife.
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κ·Έλ…€κ°€ λ‚΄ μ•„λ‚΄κ°€ 되기 전에 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ μΌμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:50
But I want to explain how long that had been true for many years.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 였래 μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
그것은 μˆ˜λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ‚¬μ‹€μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:55
Let's move on.
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계속 μ§„ν–‰ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
04:57
Now I'll introduce how to form the negative in the past perfect tense.
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이제 κ³Όκ±°μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ—μ„œ
뢀정문을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 방법을 μ†Œκ°œν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:02
Take a look at the board.
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. λ³΄λ“œλ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
05:04
The first sentence says, β€˜I had not eaten at the restaurant before I went yesterday.’
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첫 번째 λ¬Έμž₯은
'μ–΄μ œ κ°€κΈ° μ „μ—λŠ” κ·Έ μ‹λ‹Ήμ—μ„œ 식사λ₯Ό ν•œ 적이 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
05:11
Again, we have the past perfect tense here and the past simple tense here.
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라고 λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ—¬κΈ°μ„œλ„ κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œκ°€ 있고
여기에 λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±° μ‹œμ œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:17
This one is the action that happened earlier in the past
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이것은
과거에 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 행동
05:21
And this one over here is the action that happened later in the past.
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이고 μ—¬κΈ° μžˆλŠ” 것은
과거에 λ‚˜μ€‘μ— μΌμ–΄λ‚œ ν–‰λ™μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:26
However, because this is the negative, what I'm going to do is add a 'not' between
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이것은 뢀정문이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
'had'와 λ™μ‚¬μ˜ 과거뢄사 사이에
'not'을 μΆ”κ°€ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
05:33
the β€˜had’ and the past participle of the verb.
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05:36
So I say, β€˜I have not eaten’.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 'λ°₯ μ•ˆ λ¨Ήμ—ˆμ–΄'라고 ν•˜λ”κ΅°μš”.
05:40
Or I can use the contraction
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λ˜λŠ” λ‹¨μΆ•ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬
05:42
and say, β€˜I hadn't eaten at the restaurant before I went yesterday.’
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'μ–΄μ œ κ°€κΈ° 전에 μ‹λ‹Ήμ—μ„œ 식사λ₯Ό ν•œ 적이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.' 라고 말할 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:48
The next sentence is very similar.’
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λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯도 맀우 λΉ„μŠ·ν•΄μš”.'
05:51
β€˜She had not been to the circus before she went last week.’
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'κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ§€λ‚œ 주에 κ°€κΈ° μ „κΉŒμ§€
μ„œμ»€μŠ€μ— κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .'
05:55
Here's the action that happened earlier in the past,
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과거에 더 일찍 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 행동은 λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:59
and here's the action that happened later in the past.
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그리고 과거에 λ‚˜μ€‘μ— μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 행동은 λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:03
However, again, because it's negative,
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그런데 또 뢀정문이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 'had'
06:07
I put a 'not' between β€˜had’ and the past participle of the verb.
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와 λ™μ‚¬μ˜ 과거뢄사
사이에 'not'을 λ„£μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:12
Also, I can use the contraction and say, β€˜She hadn't been to the circus.’
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. λ˜ν•œ, λ‚˜λŠ” μΆ•μ•½ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬
'κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ„œμ»€μŠ€μ— κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μ—†λ‹€'라고 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:19
The next sentence says,
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λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯은 'κ³ μ–‘μ΄λŠ” μƒˆ
06:21
β€˜The cat hadn't chased the bird for very long before it flew away.’
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κ°€ λ‚ μ•„κ°€κΈ° μ „κΉŒμ§€ μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ
μƒˆλ₯Ό 쫓지 μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€ 'κ³  λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 지속 μ‹œκ°„
06:26
Remember, we can show duration,
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μ΄λ‚˜ 첫 번째 μž‘μ—…μ΄ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 였래 μ§€μ†λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€
06:29
or how long the first action was true.
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ν‘œμ‹œν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 점을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”
06:31
by using 'for' and a duration.
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. 'for'와 기간을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬.
06:35
Because this is the negative form,
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이것은 λΆ€μ •ν˜•μ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
06:38
again, I use 'had not' after the subject and before the past participle of the verb
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λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œ 번, μ£Όμ–΄ λ’€
와 λ™μ‚¬μ˜ 과거뢄사 μ•žμ— 'had not'을 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:45
In this case, the contraction β€˜hadn't’ is already there for you.
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. 이 κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” 'hadn't'λΌλŠ” μˆ˜μΆ•ν˜•μ΄
이미 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 'μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ²°ν˜Όν•˜κΈ°
06:50
β€˜We hadn't known each other for three months before we married.’
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3κ°œμ›” λ™μ•ˆ μ„œλ‘œλ₯Ό μ•Œμ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .'
κ½€ 짧은 μ‹œκ°„μ΄μ—μš”.
06:55
That's a pretty short time.
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'for',
06:57
It shows the duration by saying β€˜for’, How long?
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μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ?
라고 λ§ν•˜μ—¬ 기간을 ν‘œμ‹œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:01
β€˜three months’
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07:03
Let's move on.
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'3κ°œμ›”'
07:04
Now, let's take a look at questions using β€˜had’ in the past perfect tense.
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둜 λ„˜μ–΄κ°€μž. 이제 κ³Όκ±°μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œ 'had'λ₯Ό
μ‚¬μš©ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:10
Take a look at the first sentence.
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. 첫 번째 λ¬Έμž₯을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
07:12
It says, β€˜She had eaten lunch by noon.’
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'κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ •μ˜€κΉŒμ§€ 점심을 λ¨Ήμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'라고 μ ν˜€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:16
Now, to turn this into a question is quite easy.
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이제 이것을 질문으둜 λ°”κΎΈλŠ” 것은 맀우 μ‰½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:20
All you have to do is change the order of the first two words.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  일은 처음 두 λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜
μˆœμ„œλ₯Ό λ°”κΎΈλŠ” κ²ƒλΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
07:24
So instead of β€˜she had’, we say β€˜Had she’.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 'she had' λŒ€μ‹ μ—
'Had she'라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:28
β€˜Had she eaten lunch by noon?’
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'μ •μ˜€κΉŒμ§€ 점심을 λ¨Ήμ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?'
07:31
You can say, β€˜Yes, she had.’
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'예, κ·Έλž¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'라고 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ˜λŠ” 'μ•„λ‹ˆμš”, 그렇지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
07:33
or β€˜No, she hadn't.’
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07:36
The next sentence says, β€˜It had rained before they left.’
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λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯은
'그듀이 λ– λ‚˜κΈ° 전에 λΉ„κ°€ λ‚΄λ Έλ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:40
Again simply switched the order of the first two words.
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μ΄λ²ˆμ—λ„ 처음 두 λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ μˆœμ„œλ₯Ό λ°”κΎΈμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:44
Instead of β€˜It had’, say β€˜Had it’ to make a question.
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'It had' λŒ€μ‹  'Had it'이라고 λ§ν•˜μ—¬ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ§Œλ“œμ„Έμš”.
07:49
β€˜Had it rained before they left?’
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'그듀이 λ– λ‚˜κΈ° 전에 λΉ„κ°€ μ™”μ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?'
07:52
To reply you can say, β€˜Yes, it had.’
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λŒ€λ‹΅ν•˜λ €λ©΄ '예, κ·Έλž¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'라고 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ˜λŠ” 'μ•„λ‹ˆμš”, 그렇지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
07:55
or β€˜No, it hadn't.’
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07:58
Let's move on now.
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계속 μ§„ν–‰ν•©μ‹œλ‹€. 이제
07:59
I'll go into how to form β€˜WH’ questions in the past perfect tense.
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κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλ‘œ 'WH' μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 방법에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ•Œμ•„ λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
.
08:05
Let's take a look.
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ν•œ 번 보자.
08:07
Here we see at the beginning of each question a 'WH' word.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 각 질문의 μ‹œμž‘ 뢀뢄에 'WH' 단어λ₯Ό λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:12
β€˜where’, β€˜who’, β€˜what’, and β€˜how’.
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'μ–΄λ””μ„œ',
'λˆ„κ°€',
'무엇을',
'μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ'.
08:17
Let's take a look at the first question.
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첫 번째 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:20
β€˜Where had he traveled before?’
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'κ·ΈλŠ” 이전에 μ–΄λ””λ‘œ 여행을 κ°”μ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?'
08:23
You'll notice that after each β€˜WH’ word, we have β€˜had’.
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각 'WH' 단어 λ’€μ—λŠ” 'had'κ°€ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:29
And then the subject and then the past participle of the verb.
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κ·Έ λ‹€μŒμ—λŠ” λ™μ‚¬μ˜ 주어와 κ³Όκ±° 뢄사가 λ‚˜μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:34
β€˜Where had he traveled before?’
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'κ·ΈλŠ” 이전에 μ–΄λ””λ‘œ 여행을 κ°”μ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?'
08:38
The next question says, β€˜Who had she talked to before?’
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λ‹€μŒ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€
'κ·Έλ…€κ°€ 이전에 λˆ„κ΅¬μ™€ 이야기λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆ΄μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?'
μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŠ”
08:43
This is the same thing the β€˜WH’ word
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'WH' 단어 'had she'와 과거뢄사도
08:46
β€˜had she’ and then the past participle.
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08:50
You'll notice here that we have the word β€˜before’, but we didn't write a specific point in time.
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κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . μ—¬κΈ°μ„œλŠ” '이전'μ΄λΌλŠ” 단어가 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
νŠΉμ • μ‹œμ μ„ κΈ°λ‘ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:57
If you see that it simply means before now.
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당신이 λ³Έλ‹€λ©΄ 그것은 λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ μ§€κΈˆ 이전을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:01
The next question says, β€˜What had he eaten before lunch?’
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λ‹€μŒ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€
'점심 전에 무엇을 λ¨Ήμ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?' μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ΄λ²ˆμ—λ„ λ™μΌν•œ 곡식을 λ”°λ₯΄μ§€λ§Œ
09:07
Again we follow the same formula, however, here it says β€˜lunch for you'.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œλŠ” 'lunch for you'라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:13
The last one says,
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ μ‚¬λžŒμ€
09:14
β€˜How long had she known him before she dated him?’
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'κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒκ³Ό λ°μ΄νŠΈν•˜κΈ° 전에 κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 였래 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?'
09:19
Again how long β€˜had’ + β€˜subject’ and then the past participle.
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라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œ 번 'had' + 'μ£Όμ–΄'
와 κ³Όκ±° λΆ„μ‚¬μ˜ κΈΈμ΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
09:26
Let's take a look at how to answer these questions.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λŒ€λ‹΅ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:30
β€˜Where had he traveled before?’
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'κ·ΈλŠ” 이전에 μ–΄λ””λ‘œ 여행을 κ°”μ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?'
09:33
β€˜He had traveled to Europe.’
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'κ·ΈλŠ” μœ λŸ½μ„ μ—¬ν–‰ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.'
09:35
is one possible answer.
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ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ λŒ€λ‹΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:38
β€˜Who had she talked to before?’
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'κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 이전에 λˆ„κ΅¬μ™€ 이야기λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆ΄μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?'
09:41
Here I can say, β€˜She had talked to her brother.’
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ‚˜λŠ” 'κ·Έλ…€κ°€ κ·Έλ…€μ˜ μ˜€λΉ μ™€ 이야기λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆ΄λ‹€'κ³  말할 수 μžˆλ‹€.
09:46
β€˜What had he eaten before lunch?’
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'κ·ΈλŠ” 점심 식사 전에 무엇을 λ¨Ήμ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?'
09:49
β€˜He had eaten sushi before lunch.’
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'κ·ΈλŠ” 점심 식사 전에 초λ°₯을 λ¨Ήμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
09:53
And finally, β€˜How long had she known him before she dated him?’
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ
'κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒκ³Ό λ°μ΄νŠΈν•˜κΈ° 전에 κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?'
09:58
β€˜She had known him for three years.’
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'κ·Έλ…€λŠ” κ·Έλ₯Ό 3λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ•Œκ³  μ§€λƒˆμ–΄μš”.'
10:01
That is one possible answer.
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이것이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ λŒ€λ‹΅ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:03
Let's move on.
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계속 μ§„ν–‰ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
10:05
Great job, everyone.
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정말 μž˜ν–ˆμ–΄μš”, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„.
10:06
Now you have a better understanding of the past perfect tense.
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이제 κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄
더 잘 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
쑰금 μ–΄λ €μšΈ 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 건 μ•Œμ§€λ§Œ
10:11
I know it can be a little difficult but keep studying,
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계속 κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜κ³  μ—°μŠ΅ν•˜λ©΄
10:14
and keep practicing, and you will get better.
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λ‚˜μ•„μ§ˆ κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
10:17
I know studying English is not easy but with time and effort,
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λ‚˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄λ₯Ό κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜λŠ” 것이 쉽지 μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
μ‹œκ°„κ³Ό λ…Έλ ₯을 기울이면
10:21
I know you'll master it.
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μ˜μ–΄λ₯Ό λ§ˆμŠ€ν„°ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:23
Thank you so much for watching and I'll see you in the next video
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μ‹œμ²­ν•΄μ£Όμ…”μ„œ 정말 κ°μ‚¬λ“œλ¦¬λ©°
, λ‹€μŒ μ˜μƒμ—μ„œ λ΅™κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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