Learn Past Perfect Tense | Basic English Grammar Course

148,820 views ・ 2020-06-27

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μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Hi, everybody.
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„.
00:01
I'm Esther.
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μ €λŠ” μ—μŠ€λ”μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:02
In this video, I will introduce the past perfect tense.
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이번 μ˜μƒμ—μ„œλŠ” κ³Όκ±°μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό μ†Œκ°œν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
00:06
This tense is used to describe an action that took place at a specific time in the past.
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이 μ‹œμ œλŠ” 과거의 νŠΉμ • μ‹œκ°„μ— λ°œμƒν•œ λ™μž‘μ„ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:13
This tense can be a little tricky, but don't worry I will guide you through it.
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이 μ‹œμ œλŠ” 쑰금 κΉŒλ‹€λ‘œμšΈ 수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ κ±±μ •ν•˜μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”. μ œκ°€ μ•ˆλ‚΄ν•΄ λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:18
There's so much to learn and it's a very important tense.
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배울 것이 λ„ˆλ¬΄ 많고 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ‹œμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:21
So keep watching.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ 계속 μ§€μΌœλ΄ μ£Όμ„Έμš”. κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œ
00:25
Let's take a look at the first usage of the past perfect tense.
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의 첫 번째 μ‚¬μš©λ²•μ„ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
00:30
This tense can be used to describe an action in the past
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이 μ‹œμ œλŠ” 과거의 λ‹€λ₯Έ 행동 이전에 λ°œμƒν•œ 과거의 행동을 μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:34
that happened before another action in the past.
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.
00:37
Here are some examples.
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μ—¬κΈ° λͺ‡ 가지 μ˜ˆκ°€ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
00:39
β€˜I have visited China before I moved there.’
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'λ‚˜λŠ” μ€‘κ΅­μœΌλ‘œ μ΄μ‚¬ν•˜κΈ° 전에 쀑ꡭ에 κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μžˆμ–΄.'
00:43
No matter what the subject you follow with β€˜had’,
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μ–΄λ–€ 주제λ₯Ό 따라가더라도 ' ν–ˆλ‹€'λŠ”
00:47
So that's easy.
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κ°„λ‹¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. '
00:48
β€˜I had’ β€˜Steve had’
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λ‚˜λŠ”' 'μŠ€ν‹°λΈŒλŠ”' '
00:51
β€˜The plane had’ and β€˜We had’.
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λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°λŠ”' 그리고 'μš°λ¦¬λŠ”'.
00:53
Then, we follow with the past participle of the verb.
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그런 λ‹€μŒ λ™μ‚¬μ˜ 과거뢄사가 λ’€λ”°λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
00:58
In this case, it's β€˜visited’.
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이 경우 'λ°©λ¬Έ'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:00
β€˜I had visited China.’
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'λ‚˜λŠ” 쀑ꡭ을 λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆμ—ˆλ‹€.'
01:03
Now you'll notice that the second verb is in the past simple tense.
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이제 두 번째 동사가 κ³Όκ±° λ‹¨μˆœ μ‹œμ œμž„μ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:07
β€˜I moved there.’
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'거기둜 μ΄μ‚¬ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.'
01:09
And I'll talk about that a little bit more later on.
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그리고 λ‚˜μ€‘μ— 쑰금 더 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
01:12
β€˜Steve had bought the book.’
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'Steveκ°€ 책을 μƒ€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
01:15
Again, β€˜subject’, β€˜had’ and β€˜past participle’.
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λ‹€μ‹œ '주제', 'had' 및 'κ³Όκ±° 뢄사'.
01:19
In this case, the verb is β€˜buy’.
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이 경우 λ™μ‚¬λŠ” '사닀'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:22
β€˜Steve had bought the book before he read it.’
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'μŠ€ν‹°λΈŒλŠ” 책을 읽기 전에 책을 μƒ€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
01:26
Again, we have the simple tense of β€˜read’ which is β€˜read’.
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ '읽닀'λΌλŠ” λ‹¨μˆœν•œ μ‹œμ œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
01:31
And finally, β€˜The plane had left by the time I got to the airport.’
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ ' 곡항에 λ„μ°©ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°κ°€ λ– λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
01:36
Again, the first part of this sentence is in the past perfect tense.
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 λ¬Έμž₯의 첫 뢀뢄은 κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:41
β€˜The plane had left’.
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'λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°κ°€ 떠났닀'.
01:43
This is the past participle of β€˜leave’.
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이것은 'λ– λ‚˜λ‹€'의 κ³Όκ±°λΆ„μ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:47
The second verb says, β€˜I got to the airport.’
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두 번째 λ™μ‚¬λŠ” 'I got to the airport'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. '
01:50
β€˜got’ is the past tense of β€˜get’.
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got'은 'get'의 κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:53
Now what these three sentences have in common is that you'll see, β€˜before’.
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이제 이 μ„Έ λ¬Έμž₯의 곡톡점은 'before'λΌλŠ” 것을 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
β€˜before’ or β€˜by the time’.
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'전에' λ˜λŠ” 'κ·Έλ•Œ'.
02:02
They all mean the same thing.
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그듀은 λͺ¨λ‘ 같은 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
The verb that is in the past perfect tense happened first.
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κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμΈ 동사가 λ¨Όμ € μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
The verb that's in the past simple tense happen after.
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λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±° μ‹œμ œμΈ λ™μ‚¬λŠ” 뒀에 λ°œμƒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
02:14
So again, for the first example.
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λ‹€μ‹œ 첫 번째 μ˜ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:17
β€˜before I move there’ That happened later.
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'그곳으둜 μ΄μ‚¬ν•˜κΈ° 전에' κ·Έ 일은 λ‚˜μ€‘μ— 일어났닀.
02:21
Before that, β€˜I had already visited China.’
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κ·Έ μ „μ—λŠ” 'λ‚˜λŠ” 이미 쀑ꡭ에 κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€.'
02:25
Do you understand how that works?
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그것이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μž‘λ™ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ΄ν•΄ν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
02:27
Let's take a look at the last example.
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
β€˜When they arrived, we had already started the game.’
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'그듀이 λ„μ°©ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이미 κ²Œμž„μ„ μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
02:34
So maybe they were late or something had happened.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 그듀이 λŠ¦μ—ˆκ±°λ‚˜ 무슨 일이 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 것일 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
But β€˜When they arrived’, this is the past simple tense.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ '그듀이 λ„μ°©ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ'λŠ” κ³Όκ±° λ‹¨μˆœ μ‹œμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:42
So this happened second.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이것은 두 번째둜 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
β€˜We had already started the game.’
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'μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이미 κ²Œμž„μ„ μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
02:47
This action had already started.
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이 μž‘μ—…μ€ 이미 μ‹œμž‘λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:50
It started before this action.
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이 μž‘μ—… 전에 μ‹œμž‘λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:54
Let's move on.
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κ³„μ†ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
02:55
Earlier I mentioned that the past perfect tense can be used to describe an action
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μ•žμ—μ„œ κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œκ°€
03:00
that happened in the past before another action in the past.
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과거의 λ‹€λ₯Έ 행동 이전에 과거에 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 행동을 μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©λ  수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ–ΈκΈ‰ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
03:05
We can do the same thing but also emphasize the duration.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 같은 일을 ν•  수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ 기간을 κ°•μ‘°ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
How long that first action happened.
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첫 번째 μž‘μ—…μ΄ λ°œμƒν•œ κΈ°κ°„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:12
We do this by using four and a duration.
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4와 기간을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 이λ₯Ό μˆ˜ν–‰ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•œ 번
03:16
Let's take a look.
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보자.
03:17
β€˜I had owned my computer for two months before it broke.’
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'컴퓨터가 κ³ μž₯λ‚˜κΈ° μ „ 두 달 λ™μ•ˆ μ†Œμœ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .'
03:23
This is very similar to the first usage.
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이것은 첫 번째 μ‚¬μš©λ²•κ³Ό 맀우 μœ μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
β€˜I had’ and the past participle of the verb.
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'I had'와 λ™μ‚¬μ˜ 과거뢄사.
03:31
This part shows the action that happened earlier in the past.
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이 뢀뢄은 과거에 이전에 λ°œμƒν•œ μž‘μ—…μ„ λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
03:36
The second part, β€˜it broke’.
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두 번째 뢀뢄은 'κΉ¨μ‘Œλ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:38
The past simple tense verb shows the action in the past
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κ³Όκ±° λ‹¨μˆœ μ‹œμ œ λ™μ‚¬λŠ”
03:42
that happened later than the first action.
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첫 번째 λ™μž‘λ³΄λ‹€ λ‚˜μ€‘μ— λ°œμƒν•œ κ³Όκ±° λ™μž‘μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:46
However, you'll notice that this sentence has a duration, β€˜for two months’.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 λ¬Έμž₯μ—λŠ” 'for two months'λΌλŠ” 기간이 μžˆμŒμ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
β€˜I had owned my computer for two months before it broke.’
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'컴퓨터가 κ³ μž₯λ‚˜κΈ° μ „ 두 달 λ™μ•ˆ λ‚΄ 컴퓨터λ₯Ό μ†Œμœ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .'
03:56
All I'm doing here is showing how long the first action had been true.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ λ‚΄κ°€ ν•˜λŠ” 일은 첫 번째 μ‘°μΉ˜κ°€ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 였래 μ§€μ†λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” κ²ƒλΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:02
Let's take a look at the next example.
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λ‹€μŒ 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:05
β€˜Jim had been lonely for a long time until he got a puppy.’
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'짐은 강아지λ₯Ό ν‚€μšΈ λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ μ™Έλ‘œμ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .'
04:10
Again, we have subject β€˜had’, past participle.
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μ΄λ²ˆμ—λ„ μ£Όμ–΄ 'had', κ³Όκ±° 뢄사가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:16
And then we have the past simple β€˜he got a puppy’.
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그리고 κ³Όκ±°ν˜• 'he got a puppy'κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:21
All we're doing here is emphasizing how long first action had been true.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•˜λŠ” 일은 졜초 μ‘°μΉ˜κ°€ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 였래 μ§€μ†λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ κ°•μ‘°ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒλΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:27
He had been lonely for a long time.
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ μ™Έλ‘œμ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:30
That is until the later action, β€˜he got a puppy.’
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그것은 λ‚˜μ€‘μ— 'κ·ΈλŠ” 강아지λ₯Ό λ‚³μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .'
04:35
And finally, β€˜She and I had been friends for many years before she became my wife.’
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ '그녀와 λ‚˜λŠ” κ·Έλ…€κ°€ λ‚΄ μ•„λ‚΄κ°€ 되기 전에 μˆ˜λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μΉœκ΅¬μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
04:42
The first part of the sentence is the past perfect.
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λ¬Έμž₯의 첫 뢀뢄은 κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:46
It happened before she became my wife.
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κ·Έλ…€κ°€ λ‚΄ μ•„λ‚΄κ°€ 되기 전에 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:50
But I want to explain how long that had been true for many years.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ‚˜λŠ” 그것이 μˆ˜λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ 사싀인지 μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
04:55
Let's move on.
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κ³„μ†ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
04:57
Now I'll introduce how to form the negative in the past perfect tense.
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이제 κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ—μ„œ 뢀정을 ν˜•μ„±ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 μ†Œκ°œν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
05:02
Take a look at the board.
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λ³΄λ“œλ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
05:04
The first sentence says, β€˜I had not eaten at the restaurant before I went yesterday.’
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첫 번째 λ¬Έμž₯은 ' μ–΄μ œ κ°€κΈ° μ „μ—λŠ” μ‹λ‹Ήμ—μ„œ 식사λ₯Ό ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:11
Again, we have the past perfect tense here and the past simple tense here.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œλ„ κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œκ°€ 있고 λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±° μ‹œμ œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:17
This one is the action that happened earlier in the past
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이것은 과거에 더 일찍 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 행동
05:21
And this one over here is the action that happened later in the past.
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이고 μ—¬κΈ° μžˆλŠ” 것은 과거에 λ‚˜μ€‘μ— μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λ˜ ν–‰λ™μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:26
However, because this is the negative, what I'm going to do is add a 'not' between
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이것은 뢀정문이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
05:33
the β€˜had’ and the past participle of the verb.
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'had'와 λ™μ‚¬μ˜ κ³Όκ±° 뢄사 사이에 'not'을 μΆ”κ°€ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
05:36
So I say, β€˜I have not eaten’.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 'μ•ˆ λ¨Ήμ—ˆλ‹€'κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:40
Or I can use the contraction
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λ˜λŠ” μΆ•μ•½ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬
05:42
and say, β€˜I hadn't eaten at the restaurant before I went yesterday.’
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'μ–΄μ œ κ°€κΈ° 전에 μ‹λ‹Ήμ—μ„œ 식사λ₯Ό ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€'라고 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:48
The next sentence is very similar.’
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λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯은 맀우 μœ μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.' '
05:51
β€˜She had not been to the circus before she went last week.’
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ§€λ‚œμ£Όμ— κ°€κΈ° 전에 μ„œμ»€μŠ€μ— κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .'
05:55
Here's the action that happened earlier in the past,
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μ—¬κΈ° λ™μž‘μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그것은 과거에 일찍 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λ˜ 일이고 ,
05:59
and here's the action that happened later in the past.
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μ—¬κΈ° 과거에 λ‚˜μ€‘μ— μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λ˜ 행동이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
06:03
However, again, because it's negative,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ—­μ‹œλ‚˜ 뢀정문이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
06:07
I put a 'not' between β€˜had’ and the past participle of the verb.
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'had'와 λ™μ‚¬μ˜ 과거뢄사 사이에 'not'을 λ„£μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:12
Also, I can use the contraction and say, β€˜She hadn't been to the circus.’
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λ˜ν•œ μΆ•μ•½ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ ' She hadn't been to the circus'라고 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:19
The next sentence says,
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λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯은 '
06:21
β€˜The cat hadn't chased the bird for very long before it flew away.’
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The cat hadn't chase for very long for the bird before it away.'라고 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:26
Remember, we can show duration,
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. 기간을 ν‘œμ‹œν•  수 μžˆμŒμ„ κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”. ,
06:29
or how long the first action was true.
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λ˜λŠ” 첫 번째 μ‘°μΉ˜κ°€ 참인 κΈ°κ°„.
06:31
by using 'for' and a duration.
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'for'와 기간을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬.
06:35
Because this is the negative form,
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이 μ—­μ‹œ λΆ€μ •ν˜•μ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ£Όμ–΄
06:38
again, I use 'had not' after the subject and before the past participle of the verb
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뒀와 λ™μ‚¬μ˜ 과거뢄사 μ•žμ— 'had not'을 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:45
In this case, the contraction β€˜hadn't’ is already there for you.
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. 이 경우 μΆ•μ•½ν˜• 'hadn't'κ°€ 이미 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:50
β€˜We hadn't known each other for three months before we married.’
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'μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ²°ν˜Όν•˜κΈ° μ „ 3κ°œμ›” λ™μ•ˆ μ„œλ‘œλ₯Ό μ•Œμ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .'
06:55
That's a pretty short time.
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κ½€ 짧은 μ‹œκ°„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:57
It shows the duration by saying β€˜for’, How long?
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기간은 'for', μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 였래?
07:01
β€˜three months’
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'3κ°œμ›”'
07:03
Let's move on.
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μ§„ν–‰ν•΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:04
Now, let's take a look at questions using β€˜had’ in the past perfect tense.
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이제 κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ—μ„œ 'had'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:10
Take a look at the first sentence.
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첫 번째 λ¬Έμž₯을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
07:12
It says, β€˜She had eaten lunch by noon.’
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'κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ •μ˜€κΉŒμ§€ 점심을 λ¨Ήμ—ˆλ‹€'라고 λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:16
Now, to turn this into a question is quite easy.
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이제 이것을 의문문으둜 λ°”κΎΈκΈ°λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό μ‰½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 처음 두 단어
07:20
All you have to do is change the order of the first two words.
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의 μˆœμ„œλ₯Ό λ³€κ²½ν•˜κΈ°λ§Œ ν•˜λ©΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
07:24
So instead of β€˜she had’, we say β€˜Had she’.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 'she had' λŒ€μ‹ μ— 'Had she'라고 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. '
07:28
β€˜Had she eaten lunch by noon?’
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μ •μ˜€κΉŒμ§€ 점심을 λ¨Ήμ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?' '
07:31
You can say, β€˜Yes, she had.’
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예, λ¨Ήμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
07:33
or β€˜No, she hadn't.’
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λ˜λŠ” 'μ•„λ‹ˆμš”, 먹지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'라고
07:36
The next sentence says, β€˜It had rained before they left.’
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말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯은 ' 그듀이 λ– λ‚˜κΈ° 전에 λΉ„κ°€ λ‚΄λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
07:40
Again simply switched the order of the first two words.
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λ‹€μ‹œ κ°„λ‹¨ν•˜κ²Œ μˆœμ„œλ₯Ό λ°”κΎΈμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 처음 두 단어. μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν•  λ•ŒλŠ”
07:44
Instead of β€˜It had’, say β€˜Had it’ to make a question.
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'It had' λŒ€μ‹  'Had it'이라고 λ§ν•˜μ„Έμš” .
07:49
β€˜Had it rained before they left?’
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'그듀이 λ– λ‚˜κΈ° 전에 λΉ„κ°€ λ‚΄λ Έλ‚˜μš”?'
07:52
To reply you can say, β€˜Yes, it had.’
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λŒ€λ‹΅ν•˜λ €λ©΄ '예, κ·Έλž¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
07:55
or β€˜No, it hadn't.’
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λ˜λŠ” 'μ•„λ‹ˆμ˜€, 그렇지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
07:58
Let's move on now.
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이제 λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ λ„˜μ–΄κ°€κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ—μ„œ
07:59
I'll go into how to form β€˜WH’ questions in the past perfect tense.
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'WH' μ˜λ¬Έλ¬Έμ„ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 방법에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . ν•œ 번
08:05
Let's take a look.
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보자.
08:07
Here we see at the beginning of each question a 'WH' word.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ 각 질문의 μ‹œμž‘ 뢀뢄에 'WH' 단어가 ν‘œμ‹œλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:12
β€˜where’, β€˜who’, β€˜what’, and β€˜how’.
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'μ–΄λ””μ„œ', 'λˆ„κ°€', '무엇을', 'μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ'.
08:17
Let's take a look at the first question.
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첫 번째 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:20
β€˜Where had he traveled before?’
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'κ·ΈλŠ” 전에 μ–΄λ””λ₯Ό μ—¬ν–‰ν–ˆλ‚˜μš”?'
08:23
You'll notice that after each β€˜WH’ word, we have β€˜had’.
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각 'WH' 단어 λ‹€μŒμ— 'ν–ˆλ‹€'κ°€ μžˆμŒμ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:29
And then the subject and then the past participle of the verb.
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그리고 λ™μ‚¬μ˜ 주어와 κ³Όκ±° 뢄사.
08:34
β€˜Where had he traveled before?’
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'κ·ΈλŠ” 전에 μ–΄λ””λ₯Ό μ—¬ν–‰ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?'
08:38
The next question says, β€˜Who had she talked to before?’
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λ‹€μŒ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€ 'κ·Έλ…€κ°€ 전에 λˆ„κ΅¬μ™€ 이야기λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆ΄μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?'
08:43
This is the same thing the β€˜WH’ word
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μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:46
β€˜had she’ and then the past participle.
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.
08:50
You'll notice here that we have the word β€˜before’, but we didn't write a specific point in time.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ 'before'λΌλŠ” 단어가 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ νŠΉμ • μ‹œμ μ„ 쓰지 μ•Šμ•˜μŒμ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:57
If you see that it simply means before now.
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당신이 그것을 λ³Έλ‹€λ©΄ 그것은 λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ μ§€κΈˆ 이전을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:01
The next question says, β€˜What had he eaten before lunch?’
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λ‹€μŒ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€ 'κ·Έκ°€ 점심 전에 무엇을 λ¨Ήμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:07
Again we follow the same formula, however, here it says β€˜lunch for you'.
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λ‹€μ‹œ 같은 곡식을 λ”°λ₯΄μ§€λ§Œ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œλŠ” '당신을 μœ„ν•œ 점심'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:13
The last one says,
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μ€
09:14
β€˜How long had she known him before she dated him?’
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'κ·Έλ…€κ°€ 그와 λ°μ΄νŠΈν•˜κΈ° 전에 κ·Έλ₯Ό μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 였래 μ•Œκ³  μ§€λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?'라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:19
Again how long β€˜had’ + β€˜subject’ and then the past participle.
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λ‹€μ‹œ 'had' + 'subject' 그리고 κ³Όκ±°λΆ„μ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:26
Let's take a look at how to answer these questions.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λ‹΅ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:30
β€˜Where had he traveled before?’
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'κ·ΈλŠ” 전에 μ–΄λ””λ₯Ό μ—¬ν–‰ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?' '
09:33
β€˜He had traveled to Europe.’
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κ·ΈλŠ” μœ λŸ½μ„ μ—¬ν–‰ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'κ°€
09:35
is one possible answer.
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κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ λŒ€λ‹΅ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. '
09:38
β€˜Who had she talked to before?’
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전에 κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λˆ„κ΅¬μ™€ 이야기λ₯Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?'
09:41
Here I can say, β€˜She had talked to her brother.’
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ‚˜λŠ” 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 'κ·Έλ…€λŠ” κ·Έλ…€μ˜ μ˜€λΉ μ™€ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.' '
09:46
β€˜What had he eaten before lunch?’
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κ·ΈλŠ” 점심 식사 전에 무엇을 λ¨Ήμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?' '
09:49
β€˜He had eaten sushi before lunch.’
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κ·ΈλŠ” 점심 식사 전에 초λ°₯을 λ¨Ήμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
09:53
And finally, β€˜How long had she known him before she dated him?’
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ 'κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 였래 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ? κ·Έλ…€κ°€ 그와 사귀기 전에 κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ λ§Œλ‚¬λ‚˜μš”?' 'κ·Έλ…€λŠ”
09:58
β€˜She had known him for three years.’
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κ·Έλ₯Ό 3λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ•Œκ³  μ§€λƒˆμ–΄μš”.'
10:01
That is one possible answer.
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이것이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ λŒ€λ‹΅ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:03
Let's move on.
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κ³„μ†ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
10:05
Great job, everyone.
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λͺ¨λ‘ μˆ˜κ³ ν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:06
Now you have a better understanding of the past perfect tense.
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이제 κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό 더 잘 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
10:11
I know it can be a little difficult but keep studying,
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쑰금 μ–΄λ €μšΈ 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œμ§€λ§Œ 계속 곡뢀
10:14
and keep practicing, and you will get better.
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ν•˜κ³  μ—°μŠ΅ν•˜λ©΄ λ‚˜μ•„μ§ˆ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:17
I know studying English is not easy but with time and effort,
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μ˜μ–΄λ₯Ό κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜λŠ” 것이 쉽지 μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œμ§€λ§Œ μ‹œκ°„κ³Ό λ…Έλ ₯을 기울이면
10:21
I know you'll master it.
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λ§ˆμŠ€ν„°ν•˜κ²Œ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:23
Thank you so much for watching and I'll see you in the next video
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λ§Žμ€ μ‹œμ²­ λΆ€νƒλ“œλ¦¬λ©° λ‹€μŒ μ˜μƒμ—μ„œ λ΅™κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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