Learn Past Perfect Continuous Tense | Basic English Grammar Course

123,383 views ãƒģ 2020-08-01

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āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻšā§‡āĻ° āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŦāĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻŸā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĄāĻžāĻŦāĻ˛-āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤

00:00
Hi, everybody.
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āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨.
00:01
I'm Esther.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ°āĨ¤
00:02
In this video, I will introduce the past perfect continuous tense.
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ–ā§āĻāĻ¤ āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĻā§‡āĻŦāĨ¤
00:07
It's a great tense that helps you express an ongoing action
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āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡
00:11
in the past continuing up to another point in the past.
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āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻšāĻ¤ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĨ¤
00:15
There's a lot to learn, so keep watching.
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āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻļā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
00:20
One usage of the past perfect continuous tense is to talk about an ongoing action in the
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āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ–ā§āĻāĻ¤ āĻ…āĻŦāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻž
00:26
past that continued up to another point in the
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āĻ¯āĻž āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻšāĻ¤ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
00:30
past.
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00:31
You can use ‘for’ and a duration to talk about
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ 'āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨
00:34
how long that action was in progress.
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āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•āĻ¤āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻ§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡
00:37
Here are some examples.
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āĨ¤ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻƒ.
00:39
‘I had been waiting for the bus for two hours before it arrived.’
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'āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ¸āĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻ‡ āĻ˜āĻŖā§āĻŸāĻž āĻ§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ…āĻĒā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽāĨ¤'
00:45
You'll notice that at the beginning.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§‡āĻšā§āĻ¯ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ,
00:47
It doesn't matter what the subject is, we follow with ‘had been’.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'haed been' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ, 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ',
00:52
For example, ‘I had been’, ‘Chuck had been’,
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'āĻšāĻžāĻ• āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛',
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻŸāĻŽ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻŋāĻŽ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤'
00:56
And ‘Tom and Kim had been.’
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž '-ing' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤ 'āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž'āĨ¤
00:59
And then we follow with the verb ‘-ing’.
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01:01
‘waiting’.
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01:02
‘I had been waiting.’
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ…āĻĒā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽāĨ¤'
01:05
Now this is the ongoing action that happened first.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻ¯āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
01:09
Again, four and two hours shows the duration.
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āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĻā§āĻ‡ āĻ˜āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻž āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
01:14
The second part says, ‘it arrived’.
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āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡, 'āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ¸ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡'āĨ¤
01:17
This verb is in the past simple tense.
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ°āĨ¤
01:20
Therefore, that is the second action.
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āĻ…āĻ¤āĻāĻŦ, āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĨ¤
01:22
It's the action that this first action happened until this action happened,
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĻļāĻ¨āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻž āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤
āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĻļāĻ¨āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ˜āĻŸā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ ,
01:29
so again, ‘I had been waiting for the bus,’ happened
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°,
'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻĒā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ,' āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ˜āĻŸā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
01:32
first.
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01:33
And then, it happened until the bus arrived.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ°, āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ āĻ¨āĻž āĻ†āĻ¸āĻž āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ˜āĻŸā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
01:37
‘Chuck had been cooking,’ Again, that part's easy.
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'āĻšāĻ• āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛,'
āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāĻŸāĻž āĻ¸āĻšāĻœāĨ¤
āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‡ āĻšā§‹āĻ• āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ 'had been'
01:43
No matter what’s the subject, we say ‘had been’ and then verb ‘-ing’.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° verb '-ing'āĨ¤
01:48
Again, I can show how long Chuck had been cooking by saying ‘for an hour’, showing
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āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ 'āĻāĻ• āĻ˜āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯' āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡
āĻšāĻ• āĻ•āĻ¤āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¤āĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ
01:54
the duration.
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, āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĨ¤
01:56
And then, I finished by saying, ‘before he finished’.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ°, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ 'āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡' āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻžāĻŽāĨ¤
02:00
He had been cooking up to this point in the past.
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āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
02:04
Finally, ‘Tom and Kim had been walking,’ This part should be familiar to you by now,
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āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡, 'āĻŸāĻŽ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻŋāĻŽ āĻšāĻžāĻāĻŸāĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨,'
āĻāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤,
02:11
‘for an hour’ Again, that shows duration.
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'āĻāĻ• āĻ˜āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯'
āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
02:15
‘before they rested.’
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'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡āĨ¤'
02:17
So they had been walking for an hour before they took a break.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡
āĻāĻ• āĻ˜āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻž āĻ§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻāĻŸāĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĨ¤
02:23
Before they rested.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡āĻ‡āĨ¤
02:25
Let's move on.
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āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ–ā§āĻāĻ¤ āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛āĻ“
02:27
The past perfect continuous tense is also used to express cause and effect in the
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āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
02:33
past.
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02:34
The verb that's in the past perfect continuous tense shows the cause,
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āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ–ā§āĻāĻ¤ āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŸāĻŋ
āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ˜āĻŸā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
02:39
why something happened.
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02:41
We can use ‘because’ or ‘so’ to show the cause and effect.
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āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ' āĻŦāĻž 'āĻ¸ā§‹' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĨ¤
02:45
Here, I'll explain.
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āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦ.
02:47
‘Jason was tired because he had been jogging.’
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'āĻœā§‡āĻ¸āĻ¨ āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻœāĻ—āĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤'
02:52
The first part of the sentence is in the past tense.
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āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ°āĨ¤
02:56
‘Jason was tired,’ However, we see ‘why?’
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'āĻœā§‡āĻ¸āĻ¨ āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛,'
āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‡āĻšā§‹āĻ•, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻŋ 'āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨?'
03:00
Well, because, ‘he had been jogging’.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ, 'āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻœāĻ—āĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨'āĨ¤
āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāĻŸāĻŋ
03:05
The second part of this sentence is in the past perfect continuous tense.
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āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ–ā§āĻāĻ¤ āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛āĨ¤
03:09
‘he had been’, remember no matter what the subject,
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'he had been',
āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‡ āĻšā§‹āĻ• āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨,
03:13
we follow with ‘had been’ and jogging – ‘verb -ing’.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ 'had been' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ jogging – 'verb -ing'āĨ¤
03:17
‘he had been jogging’ This shows why Jason was tired.
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'āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻœāĻ—āĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨'
āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻœā§‡āĻ¸āĻ¨ āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
03:23
The next sentence says, ‘The pavement’ or it ‘was wet because
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āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡,
'āĻĢā§āĻŸāĻĒāĻžāĻĨ'
āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻ­ā§‡āĻœāĻž āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤'
03:30
it had been raining.’
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03:32
Similar to the first sentence, ‘it had been raining’ shows the cause.
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āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹,
'āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻŦā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻĒāĻžāĻ¤' āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
03:37
Why was the pavement wet?
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āĻĢā§āĻŸāĻĒāĻžāĻĨ āĻ­āĻŋāĻœā§‡ āĻ—ā§‡āĻ˛ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨? '
03:39
‘The pavement was wet because it had been raining.’
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āĻŦā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡
āĻĢā§āĻŸāĻĒāĻžāĻĨ āĻ­āĻŋāĻœā§‡ āĻ—ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĨ¤'
āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ‡āĨ¤
03:45
In this sentence, we see a little difference.
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03:47
‘The children had been playing’ Again, this is the past perfect continuous
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'āĻŦāĻžāĻšā§āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛'
āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ–ā§āĻāĻ¤ āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛āĨ¤
03:53
tense.
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03:54
‘had been playing’ The second part says, ‘the room was a mess’.
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'āĻŦāĻžāĻœāĻžāĻ¨ā§‹ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡'
āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡, 'āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ—ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŽā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛'āĨ¤
03:59
So here, instead of ‘because’ like the first two sentences,
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡, āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤
'āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ'-āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§‡ , āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
04:03
I used ‘so’.
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04:05
So the order has been changed but the meaning is the same.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŽ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡āĨ¤
04:09
This, ‘the children had been playing’ is why the room was a mess.
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āĻāĻ‡, 'āĻŦāĻžāĻšā§āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛'
āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻ˜āĻ°āĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ˛ā§‹āĻŽā§‡āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ—ā§‡āĻ˛āĨ¤
04:16
This is the cause and this is the effect.
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āĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĨ¤
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡. āĻāĻ–āĻ¨
04:21
Let's move on.
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04:22
Now let's go into the negative form of the past perfect continuous tense.
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āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ–ā§āĻāĻ¤ āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ°
āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ• āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒā§‡āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•
āĨ¤ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻƒ.
04:28
Here are some examples.
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04:29
‘I had not been working for a day before I quit.’
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻ“ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĨ¤'
04:34
So no matter what the subject ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘she’, or ‘it’,
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‡ āĻšā§‹āĻ• āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨ 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ', 'āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ', 'āĻ¸ā§‡', āĻŦāĻž 'āĻāĻŸāĻŋ',
04:40
just like in the affirmative, we say ‘had’, but after the ‘had’, in the negative form,
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ 'āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĄ',
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ 'āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĄ'-āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡, āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ• āĻ†āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤ āĻ¨āĻž'.
04:46
we add ‘not’. ‘had not’
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'haad not' 'hadi not'
04:49
‘had not’ or you can use the contraction ‘hadn't’.
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āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ 'hadi not' āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
04:53
Which is a combination of ‘had’ and ‘not’ together.
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āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ 'had' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'not'-āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻŽāĻŋāĻļā§āĻ°āĻŖāĨ¤
04:57
‘I had not been working’ The rest of the sentence is the same.
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤āĻžāĻŽ āĻ¨āĻž'
āĻŦāĻžāĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡āĨ¤
05:02
‘been + verb -ing’ ‘I had not been working for a day before
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'been + verb -ing'
'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻ“ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĨ¤'
05:08
I quit.’
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05:09
The next sentence says, ‘You had not been cutting onions for long
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āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡,
'āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻāĻĻāĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻĒā§‡āĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻžāĻŸāĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤'
05:15
before you cried.’
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05:16
Again, the ‘not’ goes between ‘had’ and ‘been’.
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āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, 'āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡'-āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ 'āĻ¨āĻž' āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
05:20
‘She hadn't been studying for long when she fell asleep.’
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'āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ•āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻļā§āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĻŋ
āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ˜ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤'
05:25
Here, we have the contraction.
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āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡,
05:29
And finally, ‘It hadn't been snowing for long when it
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'āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ—ā§‡āĻ˛ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ•āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻ¤ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻžāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨āĻŋāĨ¤'
05:32
stopped.’
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05:33
Again, we have the contraction for ‘had not’ here.
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āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ 'had not'-āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
05:37
You'll notice that in the first two sentences, I used ‘before’.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ 'āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
05:41
And in the last two, I used ‘when’.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ 'āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
05:44
Either one can be used to show when the first action stopped.
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āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĻļāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
05:49
Let's move on.
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āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ¸āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ• āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡
05:51
Now let's go into how to form basic questions in the past perfect continuous tense.
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āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ–ā§āĻāĻ¤ āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽā§ŒāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ• āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻ—āĻ āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
05:57
Here is the first example.
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āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ.
05:59
‘He had been driving all day before he arrived.’
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'āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ¸āĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤'
06:03
Now, to turn this into a question, all we have to do is change the order of the first
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŖāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡,
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¯āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¤āĻž āĻšāĻ˛ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŽ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĨ¤
06:09
two words.
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'He had'-āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§‡,
06:11
Instead of ‘He had’, now I can say, ‘Had he’, in order to form a question.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻ—āĻ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯
'Had he' āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĨ¤
06:17
‘Had he been driving all day before he arrived?’
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'āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ¸āĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛?'
06:22
The next sentence says, ‘The dog had been barking because it was
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āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡,
'āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ˜ā§‡āĻ‰ āĻ˜ā§‡āĻ‰ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤'
06:26
scared.’
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06:28
In this case, the subject is ‘The dog’.
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡, āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ 'āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°'āĨ¤
06:31
And then we follow with ‘had’.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'had' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
āĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŖāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡,
06:34
To turn this into a question, again, we switch the order.
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āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĄāĻžāĻ°āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
06:38
‘Had the dog been barking because it was scared?’
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'āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ­āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ˜ā§‡āĻ‰ āĻ˜ā§‡āĻ‰ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛?'
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§‡,
06:43
You'll notice that in the question, the rest of the words stay in the same place.
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āĻŦāĻžāĻ•āĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻœāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĨ¤
06:49
Now, in the first question, we're asking how long an action happened,
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§‡,
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻœāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¸āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ¤āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ˜āĻŸā§‡āĻ›ā§‡,
06:54
or how long it was ongoing in the past.
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āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ¤āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
06:57
And in this question, we ask about cause and effect.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§‡,
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻœāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¸āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
07:02
Let's move on.
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āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
07:03
Now, I'll introduce how to form WH questions in the past perfect continuous tense.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡
āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ–ā§āĻāĻ¤ āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ WH āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻ—āĻ āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
07:10
Take a look at these examples.
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŸāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻĒāĻžāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨.
07:12
You'll notice that they all start with a WH word.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ WH āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
07:16
Why, where, what, and who.
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āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ•ā§‹āĻĨāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻ•āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•ā§‡āĨ¤
07:20
You might also have noticed that after we have ‘had’.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻžāĻ“ āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° 'āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡' āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
07:24
‘Why had’ ‘Where had’
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'āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛'
'āĻ•ā§‹āĻĨāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛'
07:26
‘What had’ and ‘Who had’
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'āĻ•ā§€ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛'
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻ•āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛'
07:29
In the first question, after that comes the subject.
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āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§‡,
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ†āĻ¸ā§‡āĨ¤
07:34
‘Why had you’ And then ‘been + verb -ing’
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'Why had you'
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° 'been + verb -ing'
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŸāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¯āĻž
07:40
And that's the same pattern we follow for all of these sentences.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
07:44
So ‘Why had you been studying so much?’
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ 'āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ¤ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻļā§‹āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨?'
07:47
I can answer by saying, ‘I had been studying so much because I have
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ,
'āĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻāĻ¤ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻļā§āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽāĨ¤'
07:52
a test.’
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07:53
‘Where had you been traveling before you came here?’
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'āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ¸āĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻĨāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦā§‡āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨?'
07:58
I can say, ‘I had been traveling through Asia.’
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ, 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻļāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ­ā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽāĨ¤'
08:02
‘What had they been playing before they played soccer?’
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'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻĢā§āĻŸāĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡ āĻ•ā§€ āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛?'
08:08
I can answer, ‘They had been playing baseball.’
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ, 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŦā§‡āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤'
08:11
And finally, ‘Who had she been talking to before she
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡,
'āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛?'
08:16
left home?’
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ, 'āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻ¯āĻŧāĻĢā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤'
08:18
I can answer, ‘She had been talking to her boyfriend.’
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08:22
Let's move on.
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āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
08:23
Good job learning another difficult English grammar tense.
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āĻ†āĻ°ā§‡āĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĻ°āĻŖ āĻļā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ° āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ•āĻžāĻœāĨ¤
08:27
The past perfect continuous can be tricky, but with time and practice you will get better.
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āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ–ā§āĻāĻ¤ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻžāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡,
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ‰āĻ āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
08:34
English is not always easy but always do your best and never give up.
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āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¸āĻšāĻœ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ°āĻžāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛ āĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧā§āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
08:39
I'll see you in the next video.
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