Learn Past Perfect Continuous Tense | Basic English Grammar Course

113,519 views ใƒป 2020-08-01

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hi, everybody.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
00:01
I'm Esther.
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์ €๋Š” ์—์Šค๋”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:02
In this video, I will introduce the past perfect continuous tense.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ๋™์ž‘์„
00:07
It's a great tense that helps you express an ongoing action
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ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:11
in the past continuing up to another point in the past.
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.
00:15
There's a lot to learn, so keep watching.
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๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ ์ด ๋งŽ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๊ณ„์† ์ง€์ผœ๋ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
00:20
One usage of the past perfect continuous tense is to talk about an ongoing action in the
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ๋™์ž‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:26
past that continued up to another point in the
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00:30
past.
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.
00:31
You can use โ€˜forโ€™ and a duration to talk about
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'for'์™€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
00:34
how long that action was in progress.
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ํ•ด๋‹น ์ž‘์—…์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
Here are some examples.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
00:39
โ€˜I had been waiting for the bus for two hours before it arrived.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฒ„์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ 2์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค .'
00:45
You'll notice that at the beginning.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ˆˆ์น˜์ฑ˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
00:47
It doesn't matter what the subject is, we follow with โ€˜had beenโ€™.
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ๋’ค์— 'had been'์ด ๋ถ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
For example, โ€˜I had beenโ€™, โ€˜Chuck had beenโ€™,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, 'I had was', 'Chuck was been', '
00:56
And โ€˜Tom and Kim had been.โ€™
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Tom and Kim had been.'
00:59
And then we follow with the verb โ€˜-ingโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ '-ing'์ด ๋”ฐ๋ผ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
โ€˜waitingโ€™.
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'๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘'.
01:02
โ€˜I had been waiting.โ€™
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'๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด.'
01:05
Now this is the ongoing action that happened first.
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์ด์ œ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ์•ก์…˜์ด ๋จผ์ € ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
01:09
Again, four and two hours shows the duration.
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๋‹ค์‹œ 4์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ 2์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€์† ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
The second part says, โ€˜it arrivedโ€™.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ '๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
This verb is in the past simple tense.
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์ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
Therefore, that is the second action.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
It's the action that this first action happened until this action happened,
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์ด ํ–‰๋™์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด ํ–‰๋™์ด ๋จผ์ € ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๊ธฐ
01:29
so again, โ€˜I had been waiting for the bus,โ€™ happened
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋˜ '๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€
01:32
first.
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๋จผ์ € ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
01:33
And then, it happened until the bus arrived.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฒ„์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค.
01:37
โ€˜Chuck had been cooking,โ€™ Again, that part's easy.
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'์ฒ™์ด ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค' ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ทธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์‰ฝ๋‹ค.
01:43
No matter whatโ€™s the subject, we say โ€˜had beenโ€™ and then verb โ€˜-ingโ€™.
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'had been'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ '-ing'์„ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
Again, I can show how long Chuck had been cooking by saying โ€˜for an hourโ€™, showing
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ 'ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์—ฌ Chuck์ด ์š”๋ฆฌํ•œ
01:54
the duration.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
And then, I finished by saying, โ€˜before he finishedโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด์„œ ' ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์ „์—'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋๋งบ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
He had been cooking up to this point in the past.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ด ์‹œ์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์™”๋‹ค .
02:04
Finally, โ€˜Tom and Kim had been walking,โ€™ This part should be familiar to you by now,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ 'Tom and Kim was been walking', ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ด์ œ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜์‹ค ํ…๋ฐ,
02:11
โ€˜for an hourโ€™ Again, that shows duration.
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'for a hour' ์—ญ์‹œ ์ง€์† ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
โ€˜before they rested.โ€™
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'์‰ฌ๊ธฐ ์ „์—.'
02:17
So they had been walking for an hour before they took a break.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํœด์‹์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฑธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:23
Before they rested.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‰ฌ๊ธฐ ์ „์—.
02:25
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:27
The past perfect continuous tense is also used to express cause and effect in the
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์›์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:33
past.
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.
02:34
The verb that's in the past perfect continuous tense shows the cause,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ์ธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์›์ธ, ์ฆ‰
02:39
why something happened.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์›์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ
02:41
We can use โ€˜becauseโ€™ or โ€˜soโ€™ to show the cause and effect.
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๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 'because' ๋˜๋Š” 'so'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:45
Here, I'll explain.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
โ€˜Jason was tired because he had been jogging.โ€™
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'Jason์€ ์กฐ๊น…์„ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ”ผ๊ณคํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
02:52
The first part of the sentence is in the past tense.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
โ€˜Jason was tired,โ€™ However, we see โ€˜why?โ€™
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'์ œ์ด์Šจ์ด ํ”ผ๊ณคํ–ˆ๋‹ค' ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ '์™œ?'๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค
03:00
Well, because, โ€˜he had been joggingโ€™.
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.
03:05
The second part of this sentence is in the past perfect continuous tense.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
โ€˜he had beenโ€™, remember no matter what the subject,
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค', ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š” .
03:13
we follow with โ€˜had beenโ€™ and jogging โ€“ โ€˜verb -ingโ€™.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'์™€ ์กฐ๊น…์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ€“ '๋™์‚ฌ -ing'.
03:17
โ€˜he had been joggingโ€™ This shows why Jason was tired.
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์กฐ๊น…์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค' ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ์ด์Šจ์ด ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค.
03:23
The next sentence says, โ€˜The pavementโ€™ or it โ€˜was wet because
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ 'ํฌ์žฅ๋„๋กœ' ๋˜๋Š” '๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™€์„œ ์ –์—ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:30
it had been raining.โ€™
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.
03:32
Similar to the first sentence, โ€˜it had been rainingโ€™ shows the cause.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ' ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ์›์ธ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
Why was the pavement wet?
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ํฌ์žฅ ๋„๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ –์€ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:39
โ€˜The pavement was wet because it had been raining.โ€™
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'๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™€์„œ ํฌ์žฅ ๋„๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ –์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .'
03:45
In this sentence, we see a little difference.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
โ€˜The children had been playingโ€™ Again, this is the past perfect continuous
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'The children was been playing' ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰
03:53
tense.
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์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
โ€˜had been playingโ€™ The second part says, โ€˜the room was a messโ€™.
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'๋†€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค' ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ '๋ฐฉ์ด ์—‰๋ง์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
So here, instead of โ€˜becauseโ€™ like the first two sentences,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ '๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—' ๋Œ€์‹  '
04:03
I used โ€˜soโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
So the order has been changed but the meaning is the same.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ˆœ์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
This, โ€˜the children had been playingโ€™ is why the room was a mess.
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์ด '์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋†€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์ด ๋‚œ์žฅํŒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
This is the cause and this is the effect.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์›์ธ์ด๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
04:22
Now let's go into the negative form of the past perfect continuous tense.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค .
04:28
Here are some examples.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. '
04:29
โ€˜I had not been working for a day before I quit.โ€™
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์•ˆ ํ•œ ์ง€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋„ ์•ˆ ๋˜์–ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋’€์–ด .'
04:34
So no matter what the subject โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, or โ€˜itโ€™,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  '๋‚˜', '๋„ˆ', ' ๊ทธ๋…€', '๊ทธ๊ฒƒ'์€
04:40
just like in the affirmative, we say โ€˜hadโ€™, but after the โ€˜hadโ€™, in the negative form,
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๊ธ์ •์–ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ 'ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, 'had' ๋’ค์— ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ
04:46
we add โ€˜notโ€™. โ€˜had notโ€™
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'not'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'
04:49
โ€˜had notโ€™ or you can use the contraction โ€˜hadn'tโ€™.
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'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค' ๋˜๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜• 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
Which is a combination of โ€˜hadโ€™ and โ€˜notโ€™ together.
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'ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'์™€ '์—†๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์นœ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:57
โ€˜I had not been workingโ€™ The rest of the sentence is the same.
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'I had not been working' ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋„ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '
05:02
โ€˜been + verb -ingโ€™ โ€˜I had not been working for a day before
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been + verb -ing' ' I was not working for day before
05:08
I quit.โ€™
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I quit.'
05:09
The next sentence says, โ€˜You had not been cutting onions for long
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ' You was not been working on the long
05:15
before you cried.โ€™
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before you cry.'
05:16
Again, the โ€˜notโ€™ goes between โ€˜hadโ€™ and โ€˜beenโ€™.
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๋‹ค์‹œ 'not'์€ 'had' ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ' ์™€ '๋๋‹ค'.
05:20
โ€˜She hadn't been studying for long when she fell asleep.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .'
05:25
Here, we have the contraction.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
And finally, โ€˜It hadn't been snowing for long when it
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๋ˆˆ์ด ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ง€ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ ๊ทธ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:32
stopped.โ€™
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.' ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋„
05:33
Again, we have the contraction for โ€˜had notโ€™ here.
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'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'์˜ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:37
You'll notice that in the first two sentences, I used โ€˜beforeโ€™.
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์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ 'before'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
And in the last two, I used โ€˜whenโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์—์„œ๋Š” '์–ธ์ œ'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
Either one can be used to show when the first action stopped.
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๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ž‘์—…์ด ์ค‘์ง€๋œ ์‹œ์ ์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:49
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
05:51
Now let's go into how to form basic questions in the past perfect continuous tense.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:57
Here is the first example.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
โ€˜He had been driving all day before he arrived.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ ์šด์ „์„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.'
06:03
Now, to turn this into a question, all we have to do is change the order of the first
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๋ฉด ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:09
two words.
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.
06:11
Instead of โ€˜He hadโ€™, now I can say, โ€˜Had heโ€™, in order to form a question.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 'He had' ๋Œ€์‹  'Had he'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
โ€˜Had he been driving all day before he arrived?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ ์šด์ „์„ ํ–ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
06:22
The next sentence says, โ€˜The dog had been barking because it was
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ' ๊ฐœ๋Š” ๋ฌด์„œ์›Œ์„œ ์ง–์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:26
scared.โ€™
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.'
06:28
In this case, the subject is โ€˜The dogโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'The dog'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
And then we follow with โ€˜hadโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” 'ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
To turn this into a question, again, we switch the order.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
โ€˜Had the dog been barking because it was scared?โ€™
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'๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์„œ์›Œ์„œ ์ง–๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š” ?'
06:43
You'll notice that in the question, the rest of the words stay in the same place.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ„์น˜์— ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
Now, in the first question, we're asking how long an action happened,
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์ด์ œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„
06:54
or how long it was ongoing in the past.
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๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ฌป๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
And in this question, we ask about cause and effect.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์›์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:02
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
07:03
Now, I'll introduce how to form WH questions in the past perfect continuous tense.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ WH ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:10
Take a look at these examples.
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์ด ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
07:12
You'll notice that they all start with a WH word.
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๋ชจ๋‘ WH ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:16
Why, where, what, and who.
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์™œ, ์–ด๋””์„œ, ๋ฌด์—‡์„, ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€.
07:20
You might also have noticed that after we have โ€˜hadโ€™.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ 'ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ˆˆ์น˜ ์ฑ˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:24
โ€˜Why hadโ€™ โ€˜Where hadโ€™
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'์™œ' ' ์–ด๋””์„œ'
07:26
โ€˜What hadโ€™ and โ€˜Who hadโ€™
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'๋ฌด์—‡์„' ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '๋ˆ„๊ฐ€'
07:29
In the first question, after that comes the subject.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
โ€˜Why had youโ€™ And then โ€˜been + verb -ingโ€™
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'Why had you' ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'been + ๋™์‚ฌ -ing'
07:40
And that's the same pattern we follow for all of these sentences.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•œ ํŒจํ„ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:44
So โ€˜Why had you been studying so much?โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '์™œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์–ด?' '์‹œํ—˜์ด
07:47
I can answer by saying, โ€˜I had been studying so much because I have
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์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์–ด'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. '
07:52
a test.โ€™
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07:53
โ€˜Where had you been traveling before you came here?โ€™
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์˜ค๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์–ด๋””๋ฅผ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ˆ?'
07:58
I can say, โ€˜I had been traveling through Asia.โ€™
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์•„์‹œ์•„๋ฅผ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด.' '
08:02
โ€˜What had they been playing before they played soccer?โ€™
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€?'
08:08
I can answer, โ€˜They had been playing baseball.โ€™
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๋‚˜๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•ผ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
And finally, โ€˜Who had she been talking to before she
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08:16
left home?โ€™
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08:18
I can answer, โ€˜She had been talking to her boyfriend.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค .'
08:22
Let's move on.
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค.
08:23
Good job learning another difficult English grammar tense.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
The past perfect continuous can be tricky, but with time and practice you will get better.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋” ๋‚˜์•„์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
English is not always easy but always do your best and never give up.
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์˜์–ด๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‰ฝ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
I'll see you in the next video.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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