Learn Past Perfect Continuous Tense | Basic English Grammar Course

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hi, everybody.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
00:01
I'm Esther.
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์ €๋Š” ์—์Šค๋”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:02
In this video, I will introduce the past perfect continuous tense.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:07
It's a great tense that helps you express an ongoing action
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ๋™์ž‘์„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ
00:11
in the past continuing up to another point in the past.
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ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ํฐ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:15
There's a lot to learn, so keep watching.
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๋ฐฐ์šธ๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๊ณ„์† ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
00:20
One usage of the past perfect continuous tense is to talk about an ongoing action in the
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์€
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜์—ˆ๋˜
00:26
past that continued up to another point in the
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ๋™์ž‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:30
past.
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00:31
You can use โ€˜forโ€™ and a duration to talk about
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. 'for'์™€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
00:34
how long that action was in progress.
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ํ•ด๋‹น ์ž‘์—…์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:37
Here are some examples.
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. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
00:39
โ€˜I had been waiting for the bus for two hours before it arrived.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฒ„์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
00:45
You'll notice that at the beginning.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„ ์ฐจ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
It doesn't matter what the subject is, we follow with โ€˜had beenโ€™.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'had been'์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, '๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค',
00:52
For example, โ€˜I had beenโ€™, โ€˜Chuck had beenโ€™,
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'Chuck์€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค',
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'Tom and Kim์€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค'.
00:56
And โ€˜Tom and Kim had been.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '-ing' ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘'.
00:59
And then we follow with the verb โ€˜-ingโ€™.
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01:01
โ€˜waitingโ€™.
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01:02
โ€˜I had been waiting.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.'
01:05
Now this is the ongoing action that happened first.
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์ž‘์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
Again, four and two hours shows the duration.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ 4์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ 2์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์†Œ์š”์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
The second part says, โ€˜it arrivedโ€™.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ '๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
This verb is in the past simple tense.
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์ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
Therefore, that is the second action.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‹ค.
01:22
It's the action that this first action happened until this action happened,
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์ด ํ–‰๋™์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
์ด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ–‰๋™์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ํ–‰๋™์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
01:29
so again, โ€˜I had been waiting for the bus,โ€™ happened
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, ๋˜
'๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ๋จผ์ € ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
first.
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01:33
And then, it happened until the bus arrived.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฒ„์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
โ€˜Chuck had been cooking,โ€™ Again, that part's easy.
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'์ฒ™์ด ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.'
์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ๊ทธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  'had been'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ
01:43
No matter whatโ€™s the subject, we say โ€˜had beenโ€™ and then verb โ€˜-ingโ€™.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์‚ฌ '-ing'์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
Again, I can show how long Chuck had been cooking by saying โ€˜for an hourโ€™, showing
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ Chuck์ด ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„
'ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ๋ฆฌ
01:54
the duration.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
And then, I finished by saying, โ€˜before he finishedโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ '๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋์„ ๋งบ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
He had been cooking up to this point in the past.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ด ์‹œ์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
Finally, โ€˜Tom and Kim had been walking,โ€™ This part should be familiar to you by now,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ 'ํ†ฐ๊ณผ ํ‚ด์€ ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค',
์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ์ฏค์ด๋ฉด ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜์‹ค ํ…๋ฐ์š”,
02:11
โ€˜for an hourโ€™ Again, that shows duration.
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'ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ'
๋˜, ์ง€์† ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
โ€˜before they rested.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‰ฌ๊ธฐ ์ „์—.'
02:17
So they had been walking for an hour before they took a break.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํœด์‹์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:23
Before they rested.
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. ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‰ฌ๊ธฐ ์ „์—.
02:25
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€
02:27
The past perfect continuous tense is also used to express cause and effect in the
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์›์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
past.
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02:34
The verb that's in the past perfect continuous tense shows the cause,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜• ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š”
์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ด์œ , ์›์ธ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
why something happened.
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02:41
We can use โ€˜becauseโ€™ or โ€˜soโ€™ to show the cause and effect.
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์›์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
'์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด'์ด๋‚˜ '๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:45
Here, I'll explain.
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. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
โ€˜Jason was tired because he had been jogging.โ€™
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'์ œ์ด์Šจ์€ ์กฐ๊น…์„ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ”ผ๊ณคํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
02:52
The first part of the sentence is in the past tense.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
โ€˜Jason was tired,โ€™ However, we see โ€˜why?โ€™
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'์ œ์ด์Šจ์€ ํ”ผ๊ณคํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.'
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์™œ?'๋ฅผ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
Well, because, โ€˜he had been joggingโ€™.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด '๊ทธ๋Š” ์กฐ๊น…์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”'.
์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
03:05
The second part of this sentence is in the past perfect continuous tense.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
โ€˜he had beenโ€™, remember no matter what the subject,
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'he had been',
์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
03:13
we follow with โ€˜had beenโ€™ and jogging โ€“ โ€˜verb -ingโ€™.
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'had been'๊ณผ ์กฐ๊น… โ€“ '๋™์‚ฌ -ing'์ด ๋’ค๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
โ€˜he had been joggingโ€™ This shows why Jason was tired.
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์กฐ๊น…์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ์ด์Šจ์ด ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
The next sentence says, โ€˜The pavementโ€™ or it โ€˜was wet because
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
'ํฌ์žฅ๋„๋กœ'
๋˜๋Š” '๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™€์„œ ์ –์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
it had been raining.โ€™
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03:32
Similar to the first sentence, โ€˜it had been rainingโ€™ shows the cause.
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์ฒซ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ
'๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™”๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์›์ธ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค.
03:37
Why was the pavement wet?
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์™œ ํฌ์žฅ ๋„๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ –์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:39
โ€˜The pavement was wet because it had been raining.โ€™
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' ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ ค์„œ
๋„๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ –์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .'
์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
In this sentence, we see a little difference.
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03:47
โ€˜The children had been playingโ€™ Again, this is the past perfect continuous
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'์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋†€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'
์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
tense.
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03:54
โ€˜had been playingโ€™ The second part says, โ€˜the room was a messโ€™.
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'๋†€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด'
๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ '๋ฐฉ์ด ์—‰๋ง์ด์—ˆ์–ด'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
So here, instead of โ€˜becauseโ€™ like the first two sentences,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š”
์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ '์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด' ๋Œ€์‹ ์— '๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
I used โ€˜soโ€™.
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04:05
So the order has been changed but the meaning is the same.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ˆœ์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
This, โ€˜the children had been playingโ€™ is why the room was a mess.
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'์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋†€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค'๋Š”
์ด์œ ๋กœ ๋ฐฉ์€ ์—‰๋ง์ด ๋๋‹ค.
04:16
This is the cause and this is the effect.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์›์ธ์ด๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค.
๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
04:21
Let's move on.
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04:22
Now let's go into the negative form of the past perfect continuous tense.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜
๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
04:28
Here are some examples.
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04:29
โ€˜I had not been working for a day before I quit.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃจ ๋™์•ˆ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋’€๋‹ค.'
04:34
So no matter what the subject โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, or โ€˜itโ€™,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด 'I', 'you', 'she', 'it'๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“ 
04:40
just like in the affirmative, we say โ€˜hadโ€™, but after the โ€˜hadโ€™, in the negative form,
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๊ธ์ •๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ 'had'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ 
๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” 'had' ๋’ค์— '๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'.
04:46
we add โ€˜notโ€™. โ€˜had notโ€™
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'had not' 'had not'
04:49
โ€˜had notโ€™ or you can use the contraction โ€˜hadn'tโ€™.
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๋˜๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜• 'hadn't'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
Which is a combination of โ€˜hadโ€™ and โ€˜notโ€™ together.
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'ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'์™€ '์•Š๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ํ•ฉ์ณ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
โ€˜I had not been workingโ€™ The rest of the sentence is the same.
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'
๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
โ€˜been + verb -ingโ€™ โ€˜I had not been working for a day before
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'been + ๋™์‚ฌ -ing'
'๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃจ ๋™์•ˆ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋’€๋‹ค.'
05:08
I quit.โ€™
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05:09
The next sentence says, โ€˜You had not been cutting onions for long
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
'๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์–‘ํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ž๋ฅธ ์ง€ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ ์šธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
before you cried.โ€™
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05:16
Again, the โ€˜notโ€™ goes between โ€˜hadโ€™ and โ€˜beenโ€™.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, 'not'์€ 'had'์™€ 'be' ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
โ€˜She hadn't been studying for long when she fell asleep.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:25
Here, we have the contraction.
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.' ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ˆ˜์ถ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ,
05:29
And finally, โ€˜It hadn't been snowing for long when it
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'๋ˆˆ์ด ๊ทธ์ณค์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๋ˆˆ์ด ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
05:32
stopped.โ€™
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05:33
Again, we have the contraction for โ€˜had notโ€™ here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋„ 'had not'์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
You'll notice that in the first two sentences, I used โ€˜beforeโ€™.
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์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” '์ด์ „'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
And in the last two, I used โ€˜whenโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์—์„œ๋Š” '์–ธ์ œ'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:44
Either one can be used to show when the first action stopped.
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๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ž‘์—…์ด ์ค‘์ง€๋œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ
05:51
Now let's go into how to form basic questions in the past perfect continuous tense.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:57
Here is the first example.
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. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
โ€˜He had been driving all day before he arrived.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ ์šด์ „์„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.'
06:03
Now, to turn this into a question, all we have to do is change the order of the first
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๋ฉด
์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
06:09
two words.
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'He had' ๋Œ€์‹ 
06:11
Instead of โ€˜He hadโ€™, now I can say, โ€˜Had heโ€™, in order to form a question.
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'Had he'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด
์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
โ€˜Had he been driving all day before he arrived?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ ์šด์ „์„ ํ–ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
06:22
The next sentence says, โ€˜The dog had been barking because it was
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
'๊ฐœ๋Š” ๋ฌด์„œ์›Œ์„œ ์ง–์—ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
scared.โ€™
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06:28
In this case, the subject is โ€˜The dogโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'The dog'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
And then we follow with โ€˜hadโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'had'๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
06:34
To turn this into a question, again, we switch the order.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
โ€˜Had the dog been barking because it was scared?โ€™
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'๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์„œ์›Œ์„œ ์ง–์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ
06:43
You'll notice that in the question, the rest of the words stay in the same place.
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ„์น˜์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
Now, in the first question, we're asking how long an action happened,
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์ด์ œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š”
์ž‘์—…์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„
06:54
or how long it was ongoing in the past.
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๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ํ•ด๋‹น ์ž‘์—…์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌป๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
And in this question, we ask about cause and effect.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š”
์›์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
07:03
Now, I'll introduce how to form WH questions in the past perfect continuous tense.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ
WH ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:10
Take a look at these examples.
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. ๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:12
You'll notice that they all start with a WH word.
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๋ชจ๋‘ WH ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
Why, where, what, and who.
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์™œ, ์–ด๋””์„œ, ๋ฌด์—‡์„, ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ.
07:20
You might also have noticed that after we have โ€˜hadโ€™.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ '๊ฐ–๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ํ•œ ํ›„์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ ธ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
โ€˜Why hadโ€™ โ€˜Where hadโ€™
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'Why had'
'Where had'
07:26
โ€˜What hadโ€™ and โ€˜Who hadโ€™
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'What had'
๋ฐ 'Who had'
07:29
In the first question, after that comes the subject.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š”
์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋’ค์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
โ€˜Why had youโ€™ And then โ€˜been + verb -ingโ€™
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'Why had you'
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'been + ๋™์‚ฌ -ing'
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
07:40
And that's the same pattern we follow for all of these sentences.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•œ ํŒจํ„ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
So โ€˜Why had you been studying so much?โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '์™œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ํ–ˆ๋‚˜?'
07:47
I can answer by saying, โ€˜I had been studying so much because I have
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'์‹œํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”'
๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค .
07:52
a test.โ€™
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07:53
โ€˜Where had you been traveling before you came here?โ€™
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'์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์˜ค๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š” ์–ด๋””๋กœ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๊ฐ€์…จ๋‚˜์š”?'
07:58
I can say, โ€˜I had been traveling through Asia.โ€™
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๋‚˜๋Š” '๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„์‹œ์•„๋ฅผ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
โ€˜What had they been playing before they played soccer?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
08:08
I can answer, โ€˜They had been playing baseball.โ€™
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๋‚˜๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•ผ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
And finally, โ€˜Who had she been talking to before she
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ
'์ง‘์„ ๋– ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด๋‚˜์š”?'
08:16
left home?โ€™
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๋‚˜๋Š” '๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์ž์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
I can answer, โ€˜She had been talking to her boyfriend.โ€™
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08:22
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
08:23
Good job learning another difficult English grammar tense.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์‹œ๋Š๋ผ ์ˆ˜๊ณ ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
The past perfect continuous can be tricky, but with time and practice you will get better.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋” ์ข‹์•„์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
English is not always easy but always do your best and never give up.
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์˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‰ฝ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
08:39
I'll see you in the next video.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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