3 Cases of ENGLISH GRAMMAR EXPLAINED

58,886 views ใƒป 2021-10-19

Rachel's English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Plural nouns in English. Now we do actuallyย  have rules for these. But thereโ€™s a trick,ย ย 
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์˜์–ด์˜ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ. ์ด์ œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŠธ๋ฆญ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:05
thereโ€™s a catch, there always is in Englishย  pronunciation. Weโ€™ll get to that.
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์บ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ญ์ƒ ์˜์–ด ๋ฐœ์Œ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:10
A noun in English is made plural when weย  add an S or ES to the end of the word.ย ย 
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์˜์–ด ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ๋์— S ๋˜๋Š” ES๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ณต์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
Guess what - this is the third person conjugationย  of verbs too. So everything you learn here forย ย 
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์ถ”์ธกํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ 3์ธ์นญ ํ™œ์šฉ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋ฐœ์Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€
00:20
the pronunciation plural nouns also applies toย  the 3rd person conjugation. Yay! Two for one!
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3์ธ์นญ ํ™œ์šฉํ˜•์—๋„ ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์ด! ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ๋‘˜!
00:28
For S, we add a letter and a sound. Cat becomesย  cats. Dog becomes dogs. But listen: catsssssss,ย ย 
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S์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฌธ์ž์™€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋Š” ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”: catsssssss,
00:39
dogzzzzzz, two different pronunciations ofย  that plural S. But then with certain words,ย ย 
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dogzzzzzz, ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜• S์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐœ์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
00:46
like โ€˜beachโ€™, the plural is an -es and itโ€™sย  an extra syllable, beaches. BEACH-iz, iz, iz.
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'beach'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŠน์ • ๋‹จ์–ด์—์„œ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์€ -es์ด๊ณ  ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์Œ์ ˆ์ธ beach์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. BEACH-์ด์ฆˆ, ์•„์ด์ฆˆ, ์•„์ด์ฆˆ
00:53
When to use which pronunciation? And whatโ€™sย  the trick I told you about at the beginning?
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์–ธ์ œ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋˜ ํŠธ๋ฆญ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ๋ช…์‚ฌ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ p, t, k, f ๋˜๋Š” th์ธ
00:59
Use the โ€˜sโ€™ sound, like โ€˜catโ€™ becomingโ€˜catsโ€™, ifย  the final sound of the noun is p, t, k, f, or th.ย ย 
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๊ฒฝ์šฐ 'cat'์ด 'cats'๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด 's' ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:11
Did you notice what all of thoseย  sounds have in common? p, t, k, f, th.ย ย 
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ˆˆ์น˜์ฑ„์…จ๋‚˜์š” ? ํ”ผ, ํ‹ฐ, ์ผ€์ด, ์—ํ”„, ์ผ.
01:18
Theyโ€™re all unvoiced. Thereโ€™s no vibrationย  in my vocal cords making that happen. [รฐ] --ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฌด์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ์„ฑ๋Œ€์—๋Š” ์ง„๋™์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. [รฐ] --
01:25
thatโ€™s a voiced th. Th. these are all unvoiced.ย  The S is also unvoiced. So is also unvoicedย ย 
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์œ ์„ฑ์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชฉ. ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฌด์„ฑ์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. S๋„ ๋ฌด์„ฑ์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. So๋Š” ๋ฌด์„ฑ์Œ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
01:31
so the unvoiced S pronunciation goesย  with these unvoiced sounds.
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๋ฌด์„ฑ์Œ S ๋ฐœ์Œ์ด ์ด ๋ฌด์„ฑ์Œ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
Cats, ships, books, coughs. Now look there,ย  the final letter was an H and thatโ€™s not inย ย 
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๊ณ ์–‘์ด, ๋ฐฐ, ์ฑ…, ๊ธฐ์นจ. ์ด์ œ ์ €๊ธฐ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฌธ์ž๊ฐ€ H์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:45
our list. But weโ€™re talking final sounds.ย  And the final sound of โ€˜coughโ€™ is F. Cough,ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'cough'์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” F์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Cough,
01:52
coughs. โ€œThere were quite a few coughsย  in the audience, but I think we got aย ย 
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๊ธฐ์นจ. โ€œ๊ฐ์„์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์นจ์ด ๊ฝค ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:56
good recording of the concert.โ€ And finally,ย  the unvoiced TH, like in โ€˜pathsโ€™. Paths.
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์ฝ˜์„œํŠธ ๋…นํ™”๋Š” ์ž˜ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.โ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๊ฒฝ๋กœ'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌด์„ฑ TH์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋กœ.
02:04
THS is a tricky combination and one that Iย  get questions about quite a bit. Ths, ths.ย ย 
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THS๋Š” ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šด ์กฐํ•ฉ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ฝค ๋งŽ์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์กฐํ•ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด, ์ด.
02:11
Tongue tip just out to tongue tip just in. Forย  the S the tongue tip can be pointing down or up, Iย ย 
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ํ˜€๋์ด ํ˜€๋์— ๋”ฑ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. S์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ˜€๋์ด ์•„๋ž˜๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์œ„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š”
02:18
find it feels more natural to point down, ths,ths.ย  One of the most common plural nouns THS ending isย ย 
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์•„๋ž˜๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋Š๊ปด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ THS ์–ด๋ฏธ๋Š”
02:27
months, and good news, it has a shortcut. Insteadย  of saying โ€˜monthsโ€™, most native speakers changeย ย 
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๋‹ฌ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์€ ์ง€๋ฆ„๊ธธ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'months'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์€
02:35
that TH to a T and say โ€˜monthsโ€™. Heโ€™s six monthsย  old. โ€œMonthsโ€. A little easier than ths.
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TH๋ฅผ T๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  'months'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒํ›„ 6๊ฐœ์›”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . "๋‹ฌ". ์ด๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
Cough is a noun or a verb.ย  Third person conjugation,ย ย 
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๊ธฐ์นจ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 3์ธ์นญ ํ™œ์šฉ,
02:48
coughs. He coughs a lot. Remember, the thirdย  person conjugation follows the same rule.ย ย 
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๊ธฐ์นจ. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์นจ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•œ๋‹ค. 3 ์ธ์นญ ํ™œ์šฉํ˜•๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
02:54
So since the verb ends in F, thisย  S is unvoiced sss. Coughs.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ F๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด S๋Š” ๋ฌด์„ฑ sss์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์นจ.
03:02
One final thing to say about case 1: Nextย  words. If the next word begins with an S,ย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋ก€ 1์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ๋ง์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ S๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—
03:09
youโ€™re just making 1 S sound to linkย  there. For example, the students sit here.ย ย 
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 1S ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์•‰์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
Students sit, students sit. 1 Sย  to link to connect those words.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์•‰๊ณ  ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์•‰์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1 S๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋งํฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
If the next word begins with a Z, thatย  beginning sound takes over the pluralย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ Z๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์‹œ์ž‘ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์„ ์ด์–ด๋ฐ›์•„
03:27
and we more or less drop the S sound. Forย  example, the cats zipped around the house. Catsย ย 
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S ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๊ฐ€ ์ง‘ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ ๋งด๋Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
zipped become โ€˜cazippedโ€™, justย  link with the 1 z sound.
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์••์ถ•๋œ Cats๋Š” 'cazipped'๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, 1z ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
Ok, case 1, done. Case 2 is where itย  gets a little tricky with our habits.ย ย 
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์ž, ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 1์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 2๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์Šต๊ด€์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ
03:45
Before we get into that, I want to callย  your attention to a new YouTube feature,ย ย 
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์ „์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด YouTube ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ธ Superthanks์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด
03:49
Superthanks, that allows you to give aย  small donation to my channel for a specificย ย 
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ํŠน์ • ๋™์˜์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ œ ์ฑ„๋„์— ์†Œ์•ก์„ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:54
video. This allows me not only to feelย  your support and appreciation but to knowย ย 
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. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์ง€์›๊ณผ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
03:59
what videos are the most valuable to YOU, so theย  next time youโ€™re watching a video that you love,ย ย 
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๊ท€ํ•˜์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฒˆ์— ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ๋Š” ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•  ๋•Œ
04:04
hit that Superthanks button. Proceeds will beย  going towards a new camera for my channel.
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Superthanks ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ˆ˜์ต๊ธˆ์€ ๋‚ด ์ฑ„๋„์˜ ์ƒˆ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
In case two, the final soundย  is any vowel or diphthong,ย ย 
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2๋ฒˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Œ์ด๋‚˜ ์ด์ค‘๋ชจ์Œ
04:14
or one of these consonants, and thatย  plural is pronounced as a Z sound.
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๋˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž์Œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๋ณต์ˆ˜๋Š” Z ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
So letโ€™s take โ€˜chairsโ€™ as our example, โ€œchairz.โ€ย  Ending sound is a Z. Do you hear that? Theย ย 
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'์˜์ž'๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '์˜์ž'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—”๋”ฉ ์‚ฌ์šด๋“œ๋Š” Z์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋‚˜์š”?
04:28
vocal cords vibrate, making the differenceย  between Z and S. Iโ€™ll alternate for you:
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์„ฑ๋Œ€๋Š” ์ง„๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ Z์™€ S๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
sss,zzz, sss,zzz sss,zzz.
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sss,zzz, sss,zzz sss,zzz๋กœ ๋ฒˆ๊ฐˆ์•„ ๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2๊ฐ€ Z์ธ
04:41
So this ending here, in caseย  2 is a Z, zzz. Chairzzz.ย ย 
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๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . zzz. ์ฒด์–ด์ฆˆ.
04:48
Except we donโ€™t actually pronounce it thatย  way. Itโ€™s written in IPA with the Z sound,ย ย 
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๋งŒ ๋นผ๋ฉด์š” . Z ์‚ฌ์šด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” IPA๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
04:54
and yet itโ€™s not really a Z sound. Letโ€™s explore.ย  Iโ€™m using a voice recording app on my phone.ย ย 
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” Z ์‚ฌ์šด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์—์„œ ์Œ์„ฑ ๋…น์Œ ์•ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
Iโ€™ve recorded the word โ€˜chairโ€™ with a clear,ย  strong Z sound, chairzz, also a clear, strongย ย 
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'์˜์ž'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ง‘๊ณ  ๊ฐ•ํ•œ Z์Œ์ธ ์ฒด์–ด์ฆˆ์™€ ๋˜ ๋ง‘๊ณ  ๊ฐ•ํ•œ
05:09
S sound, chairss. Both sound unnatural, thenย  Iโ€™ve recorded it the way we say it: chairs.
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S์Œ์ธ ์ฒด์–ด์ฆˆ๋กœ ๋…น์Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋ถ€์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹๋Œ€๋กœ ๋…น์Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ์˜์ž.
05:16
Now what we see here, these blue lines,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ์„ ์€
05:18
are the pitch. The note of the vibration of myย  vocal cords. When a sound is unvoiced like sssss,ย ย 
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ํ”ผ์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ์„ฑ๋Œ€์˜ ์ง„๋™์Œ . ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ sssss์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฌด์„ฑ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
05:27
you donโ€™t see any blue line. But if we seeย  a blue line, itโ€™s voiced, itโ€™s zzz, a z.
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ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ์„ ์ด ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ์„ ์ด ๋ณด์ด๋ฉด ์œ ์„ฑ์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. zzz, a z์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
This first one here is me saying โ€˜chairzโ€™ย  with an exaggerated z sound, zz,zz,ย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๊ณผ์žฅ๋œ z ์†Œ๋ฆฌ, zz,zz,
05:40
a really strong clear z. Letโ€™s listen.
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์ •๋ง ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ง‘์€ z๋กœ 'chairz'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์ž.
05:45
And if I bring my cursor here to the very end ofย ย 
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์ปค์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋กœ
05:50
that line of pitch right here and I play it,ย  youโ€™ll see that thereโ€™s not really any sound.ย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ”ผ์น˜ ๋ผ์ธ์˜ ๋งจ ๋์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€์„œ ์žฌ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
So thereโ€™s no S there ending. Now, in thisย  next one I really exaggerated the S sound.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” S ์—”๋”ฉ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ๋‹ค์Œ์€ S ์‚ฌ์šด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง ๊ณผ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
Chairs
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์˜์ž
06:06
So we would not say it that reallyย  strongly. Let me bring the cursor back hereย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ปค์„œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ
06:11
to the end of the vocal vibrationย  and letโ€™s see, do we hear an S?
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์„ฑ๋Œ€ ์ง„๋™์˜ ๋์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. S๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋‚˜์š”?
06:18
Definitely, we hear a clear S.
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ ๋ช…ํ•œ S๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
So, when I exaggerate the S,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ S๋ฅผ ๊ณผ์žฅํ•˜๋ฉด
06:22
we can definitely hear it and seeย  that there is no vocal cord vibration.
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์„ฑ๋Œ€ ์ง„๋™์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
Okay now, the 3rd time Iโ€™ve recordedย  me saying chairs the way that itโ€™sย ย 
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜์ž์— ์•‰์•„
06:30
more normal in conversationalย  to say it, letโ€™s listen.
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๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ข€ ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋…น์Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋“ค์–ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
06:36
So the question is: Does that ending sound haveย  a Z quality or is it an S quality? Do we haveย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด ์—”๋”ฉ ์‚ฌ์šด๋“œ๊ฐ€ Z ํ’ˆ์งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด S ํ’ˆ์งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:45
an S sound with no voice in it? Letโ€™s see.
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์Œ์„ฑ์ด ์—†๋Š” S ์‚ฌ์šด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๋ณด์ž.
06:48
Yeah we do. Itโ€™s super fast thoughย  isnโ€™t it? Itโ€™s not sss. That was s,s,s.ย ย 
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๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์ •๋ง ๋น ๋ฅด์ฃ  ? sss๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ s,s,s์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
So fast so weak but definitely not a z, thatโ€™s anย  s, a short quick S. Thatโ€™s the weak ending Z.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋นจ๋ผ์„œ ์•ฝํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ z๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ s, ์งง์€ ๋น ๋ฅธ S์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ฝํ•œ ๋ Z์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
So the way we actually pronounce case 2, Sย  as [z] sound, is really an S, but a weak S,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 2, S๋ฅผ [z] ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” S์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์•ฝํ•œ S์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
not a full S. Case 1, pluralsย  are pronounced as an S,ย ย 
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์™„์ „ํ•œ S๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 1, ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์€ S๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
you make a clear S. Case 2, plurals are pronouncedย  as a Z, but you make a WEAK S. Confusing,ย ย 
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๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ S๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 2, ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์€ Z๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•ฝํ•œ S๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ธด
07:32
but true. The voiced ending Z sound isย  weak. So weak that it sounds like a weak S.ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ์„ฑ์Œ ์ข…๋ฃŒ Z ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์•ฝํ•ด์„œ ์•ฝํ•œ S์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
By making the S really weak, it sounds likeย  a Z in these endings. I know. Itโ€™s crazy.
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S๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง ์•ฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ด ์—”๋”ฉ์—์„œ Z์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ์•„์š”. ๋ฏธ์ณค์–ด.
07:46
Let me just say a few of these pluralsย  for you. Notice youโ€™re not hearing zzz,ย ย 
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์ด ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜• ์ค‘ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋งŒ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . zzz,
07:51
a strong Z or Ss, a strong S.
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๊ฐ•ํ•œ Z ๋˜๋Š” Ss, ๊ฐ•ํ•œ S๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
Windows.
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Windows.
07:57
Foods.
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์‹ํ’ˆ.
07:59
Rooms.
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๋ฐฉ.
08:00
The ending is: [weak s] A veryย  weak without much hearing it.
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์—”๋”ฉ์€: [weak s] ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ฃ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ์•ฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
So where does that leave us with case 3? Weโ€™llย  get to that in a second, but first a generalย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 3์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”? ์ž ์‹œ ํ›„์— ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ €
08:13
note on weak ending sounds. This strong/weakย  thing is true of all paired ending consonants.ย ย 
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์•ฝํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๋ง ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ฐธ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ/์•ฝํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ ์ž์Œ์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
Letโ€™s take for example the word โ€˜judgeโ€™.ย  It begins and ends ends in the J sound. JJ.ย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด 'ํŒ์‚ฌ'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ž. J ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. JJ.
08:27
The first one is clear, the secondย  one isnโ€™t because itโ€™s an ending J.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ๋ฐ, ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋Š” ์—”๋”ฉ J. Jj๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:33
Jj. Judge. Jj. This ending is weakย  especially if we compare it with the CHย ย 
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. ํŒ์‚ฌ. Jj. ์ด ์—”๋”ฉ์€ ์•ฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ CH ์‚ฌ์šด๋“œ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ๋•Œ ์ผ์น˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:40
sound, the match. CH. CH. So the ending ofย  judge isnโ€™t Jj and itโ€™s not CH. Itโ€™s ch,ch.ย ย 
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. CH. CH. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ judge์˜ ๊ฒฐ๋ง์€ Jj๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  CH๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์งฑ, ์งฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์„ฑ์Œ
08:51
A really weak version of theย  unvoiced sound the CH. Judge.
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์˜ ์ •๋ง ์•ฝํ•œ ๋ฒ„์ „์ธ CH. ํŒ์‚ฌ.
08:56
Letโ€™s talk about linking it to another word.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
08:59
If the next word after theseย  plurals begins with a Z,ย ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜• ๋’ค์˜ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ Z๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด
09:03
we link with one Z sound and itย  does sound like a full clear Z.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ Z ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ง‘์€ Z์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
For example, โ€œthe carsย  zipped alongโ€ carzzzzzipped.ย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด "the cars zipped along" carzzzzzipped์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
Strong Z because it also beginsย  the next word. Cars zipped,ย ย 
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๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ Z๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ž๋™์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์••์ถ•๋˜๊ณ 
09:17
the cars zipped along. So there is no feelย  of an S in the plural ending here, just Z.
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์ž๋™์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์••์ถ•๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜• ์–ด๋ฏธ์—๋Š” S์˜ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ์—†๊ณ  Z๋งŒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
But, if the next word begins with an S,ย  then you just hear a single S sound to link,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ S๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  S ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
09:30
no Z. For example, โ€œthe cars stopped.โ€ย  Carsssssstopped. Just an S sound.
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Z๋Š” ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด โ€œthe cars stops. โ€ Carsssss๋ฉˆ์ท„๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ S ์†Œ๋ฆฌ.
09:39
Okay, Case: 3 for plural noun pronunciation.ย  In case 3, we donโ€™t just add a sound,ย ย 
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ก€: ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋ฐœ์Œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 3์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 3์—์„œ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
09:46
we add a syllable. Itโ€™s unstressed, and itโ€™sย  IH, Z. You already know what Iโ€™m going to sayย ย 
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์Œ์ ˆ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด๊ฐ•์„ธ์ด๋ฉฐ, IH, Z์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€
09:53
about that ending Z. Itโ€™s a weak endingย  sound, so itโ€™s actually more like weakย ย 
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๊ทธ ์—”๋”ฉ Z์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋งํ• ์ง€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ฝํ•œ ์—”๋”ฉ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์„ฑ๋Œ€์˜
09:59
S, without, zzzz, that vibration inย  the vocal cords. This ending is ss, ss.
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์ง„๋™์ด ์—†๋Š” zzzz ์—†๋Š” ์•ฝํ•œ S์— ๊ฐ€๊น์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด ์—”๋”ฉ์€ ss, ss์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
This is the plural noun pronunciationย  if the final sound of the noun is S,ย ย 
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๋ช…์‚ฌ์˜ ์–ด๋ฏธ๊ฐ€
10:12
like โ€œbaseโ€. Base becomes bases.
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'base'์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด S์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋ฐœ์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋Š” ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:17
We need to cover all our bases.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ปค๋ฒ„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
Bases, iz, iz, weak ending sound. This is soย  similar yet different from the word โ€˜basisโ€™. Thereย ย 
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๋ฒ ์ด์Šค, ์ด์ฆˆ, ์ด์ฆˆ, ์•ฝํ•œ ์—”๋”ฉ ์‚ฌ์šด๋“œ. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ '๊ธฐ์ดˆ'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ
10:28
the ending sound is the S sound, itโ€™s a littleย  stronger. Basis. So we have bases and basis.
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์—”๋”ฉ ์‚ฌ์šด๋“œ๋Š” S ์‚ฌ์šด๋“œ๋กœ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ดˆ. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์™€ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
To make things extra confusing,ย  the plural of โ€˜basisโ€™ is this word,ย ย 
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๋” ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด 'basis'์˜ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด์ด๊ณ 
10:44
spelled like the plural of โ€˜baseโ€™, but pronouncedย  with an EE vowel in the second syllable, baseez.ย ย 
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'base'์˜ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์“ฐ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์Œ์ ˆ์ธ baseez์—์„œ EE ๋ชจ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:52
So the plural of โ€˜baseโ€™ is โ€˜basesโ€™, and theย  plural of โ€˜basisโ€™ is โ€˜basesโ€™, spelled the same asย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 'base'์˜ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์€ 'bases'์ด๊ณ , ' basis'์˜ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์€ 'bases'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
โ€˜basesโ€™ but pronounced slightlyย  differently. Oh goodness.
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'bases'์™€ ์ฒ ์ž๋Š” ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐœ์Œ์ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค ์‹  ์ด์‹œ์—ฌ.
11:06
Our other ending sounds for caseย  3 are zz, sh, zh, ch, and jj.ย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋ก€ 3์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฃŒ์Œ์€ zz, sh, zh, ch, jj์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
So Rose, ending with a Z sound, becomesย  roses. Two syllables. Rash becomesย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ Z ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” Rose๋Š” ์žฅ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ์Œ์ ˆ. ๋ฐœ์ง„์ด
11:23
rashes. Garage becomes garages. Batchย  becomes batches, and judge becomes judges.
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๋ฐœ์ง„์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐจ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ฐจ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ํŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:33
Just like in case 2, if we link into aย  Z it sounds like a Z. The judges zonedย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋ก€ 2์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ Z๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ฉด Z์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์œ„์›๋“ค์€
11:40
out during the boring presentation. Judgesย  zoned, Here we hear the Z, zz. Judges zoned.ย ย 
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์ง€๋ฃจํ•œ ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜ ์ค‘์— ๋ฉํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์œ„์› ์กด, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ Z, zz๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒ์‚ฌ ๊ตฌ์—ญ.
11:49
Judges zoned. If these words link into a word thatย  begins with an S, we hear an S. Judges saw. Judgesย ย 
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ํŒ์‚ฌ ๊ตฌ์—ญ. ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ S๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋ฉด S๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Judges saw. ํŒ์‚ฌ
11:58
saw The judges saw everything. There they are. Your three cases for pronouncingย ย 
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๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค ํŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ €๊ธฐ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด์žˆ์–ด. ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€
12:05
plural nouns. Case 1, the noun ends in oneย  of these sounds, the plural is pronouncedย as an S.
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. ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 1, ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๊ณ  ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์€ S๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:12
Case 2, the noun ends in one of theseย  sounds, the plural is pronounced as a S whichย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋ก€ 2, ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๊ณ  ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์€
12:19
is really more like a weak Z. Caseย  three, the noun ends in one of theseย ย 
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์•ฝํ•œ Z์— ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด S๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 3 , ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๊ณ 
12:24
sounds and we add โ€˜izโ€™ at the end of the word,ย  another syllable, again with the weak ending Zย ย 
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๋‹จ์–ด ๋์— 'iz'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์Œ์ ˆ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ฝํ•œ ์–ด๋ฏธ Z๋Š”
12:32
sounding like a weak S. Practicingย  the pronunciation of plural nouns,ย ย 
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์•ฝํ•œ S์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋ฉด
12:37
what could be more fun? Nothing, I think. ย ย 
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๋ญ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:40
Thankย you so much for joining me here and please
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์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:42
do like the video and subscribe withย  notifications. We discuss interestingย ย 
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๋™์˜์ƒ ์ข‹์•„์š”์™€ ์•Œ๋ฆผ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š” . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค์ฃผ
12:47
things about English, mostly about Americanย  English pronunciation here on this channelย ย 
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์ด ์ฑ„๋„์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด ๋ฐœ์Œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์˜์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ† ๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:51
every week and Iโ€™d love to see you back. Thatโ€™s itย  and thanks so much for using Rachelโ€™s English.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ต™๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Rachel์˜ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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