Third Conditional in English Grammar l with Subtitles Learn Conditionals

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Let's talk about our third conditional. So, thisย  one is a bit different. This refers to, it'sย ย 
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
00:08
all in the past, this third conditional is allย  happening in the past. It refers to an impossibleย ย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ด๊ณ , ์ด ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
00:15
condition in the past and its probable resultย  in the past. So actually, we often use the thirdย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
00:24
conditional to talk about things we regret. Ifย  I had done this, this would have been different.ย ย 
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ํ›„ํšŒํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
So, third conditional, all talking about theย  past, an impossible condition in the past.ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ , ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
These sentences are truly hypothetical andย  unreal because we can't change the past right.ย ย 
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ€์ƒ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘
00:46
In the second conditional Iโ€™d say, โ€œOh if Iย  won the lottery, I wouldโ€ฆโ€ That's hypothetical,ย ย 
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๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” "์˜ค, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณต๊ถŒ์— ๋‹น์ฒจ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋‚˜๋Š”โ€ฆ
00:51
but maybe one day I could win the lottery.ย  Third conditional is totally unreal becauseย ย 
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
00:58
it's all about the past and we cannot change theย  past. So, the time is the past, and the situationย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ด๊ณ  ์ƒํ™ฉ์€
01:05
is hypothetical. So, let's take a look atย  what this means. So, here we're using pastย ย 
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๊ฐ€์„ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:11
perfect. If past perfect and then a perfectย  conditional or perfect continuous conditional.ย ย 
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. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜• ๋˜๋Š” ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜• ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€.
01:19
So, what does that look like? If this thing hadย  happened, that thing would have happened. So, allย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ด ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ € ์ผ๋„ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ชจ๋“ 
01:29
imagining right. All hypothetical, didn't happen,ย  wish it did. For example, if it had rained,ย ย 
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์ƒ์ƒ์ด ์˜ณ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด๊ณ  ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™”๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:37
you would have gotten wet. Today's a sunnyย  day, but if it had rained in the past,ย ย 
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์ –์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๋ง‘์€ ๋‚ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:44
you would have gotten wet. In the past right.ย  So, these impossible things that would have,ย ย 
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์ –์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ๋งž๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ผ๋“ค์€
01:50
could have happened in the past. Next one, if youย  had worked harder, you would have passed the test.ย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ๋” ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‹œํ—˜์— ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
So, here we see a commonly used way that theย  third conditional is used to talk about regret.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ํ›„ํšŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
If you had worked harder, you would have passedย  the test. If this past condition were true,ย ย 
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๋” ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‹œํ—˜์— ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์ฐธ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:15
this other thing also would have been true, butย  you didn't, you didn't work hard, you didn'tย ย 
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์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ฐธ์ด์—ˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ , ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ ,
02:21
pass the test. If you had worked harder, youย  would have passed the test. Notice here, yes,ย ย 
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์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‹œํ—˜์— ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์˜ˆ,
02:26
we're using perfect tense which means we're usingย  things like had happened would have happened.ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:33
Have gotten, have passed, we'reย  using our past participles here.ย ย 
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have got, have pass, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
Alright, let's look at some more examples andย  then we'll take some questions. So, here we go,ย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋” ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
third conditional examples: If I had workedย  harder, I would have gotten a promotion.ย ย 
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ์˜ˆ: ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์Šน์ง„ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
So, here a different form of that passing theย  test question. If I had worked harder, I wouldย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:58
have gotten a promotion. So, this means I didn'tย  get a promotion because I didn't work hard enough.ย ย 
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์Šน์ง„ํ–ˆ์„ ํ…๋ฐ. ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ ์Šน์ง„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
So, remember third conditional, totallyย  hypothetical, all in the past. If I hadย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€, ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ค์ ์ธ, ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€
03:13
worked harder in the past, I wouldย  have gotten a promotion in the past.ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋” ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์Šน์ง„ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
03:21
If I had known you were coming,ย  I would have baked a cake.ย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜ฌ ์ค„ ์•Œ์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ผ€์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์› ์„ ํ…๋ฐ.
03:25
Maybe it's my friend's birthday and they comeย  to my house unexpectedly and I say, oh if I hadย ย 
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ƒ์ผ์ธ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง‘์— ์™€์„œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€
03:31
known you were coming, I would have baked a cake.ย  So, I can't change this right? This is totallyย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ผ€์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์› ์„ ํ…๋ฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด๊ฑธ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒ ์ฃ ? ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ
03:40
hypothetical. I can't go back in time andย  bake a cake, but I can tell my friend:ย ย 
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๊ฐ€์„ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ผ€์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์šธ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ์นœ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:45
If I had known you were coming, in the past,ย  I would have baked a cake, in the past.ย ย 
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.
03:52
And here again regret. Oh, I wish I wouldย  have known, I wish I could have done that.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ›„ํšŒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์•˜๋”๋ผ๋ฉด ์ข‹์•˜์„ ํ…๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹์•˜์„ ํ…๋ฐ.
03:59
And here, oh so sad, I would have been happy,ย  if you had called me on my birthday. So,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, ์ •๋ง ์Šฌํ”„๋„ค์š”. ์ œ ์ƒ์ผ์— ์ „ํ™”ํ•ด ์ฃผ์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๋ปค์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์š”. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
04:05
in this form, just like in our other forms, weย  can take our โ€œifโ€ clause and our main clause andย ย 
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์ด ํ˜•์‹์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•์‹๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ 'if' ์ ˆ๊ณผ ์ฃผ์ ˆ์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „ํ™˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:11
switch them. So, I could say: if you had calledย  me on my birthday, I would have been happy.ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ ์ƒ์ผ์— ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๋ปค์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
Or, I would have been happy, if you had calledย  me on my birthday. Again, all in the past, right?ย ย 
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‚ด ์ƒ์ผ์— ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๋ปค์„ ํ…๋ฐ . ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?
04:24
Can't change it all in the past and just thinkingย  what could have, would have happened. Last one,ย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ,
04:34
if you had told me you were free, I wouldn't haveย  made other plans. So, this is something I sayย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์šฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€
04:42
to my husband very often. Sometimes he wants toย  do things together, but Iโ€™ve made other plans. So,ย ย 
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๋‚จํŽธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์ฃผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
04:48
I say: if you had told me you were free and didn'tย  have plans, I wouldn't have made other plans. Soย ย 
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์ €๋Š” ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•œ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์šฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
again, what could have been different in theย  past? So what about contractions? So, if we lookย ย 
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š” ? ์ˆ˜์ถ•์€ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
05:06
at a sentence, our first sentence here: if I hadย  worked harder, I would have gotten a promotion.ย ย 
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ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์Šน์ง„ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
So, I had, and I would both, they both have theย  same contraction: Iโ€™d. So, it can be a littleย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๊ฐ™์€ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. I'd. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
05:22
confusing to read. So that with contractions ifย  Iโ€™d worked harder, Iโ€™d have gotten a promotion.ย ย 
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์ฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ถ•์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๋” ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์Šน์ง„ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
One key trick here to know does this mean wouldย  or had let's take a look at this first part:ย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์š”๋ น์€ ์ด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์ž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
05:39
if Iโ€™d worked harder, so what sounds moreย  correct? If I had worked harder or if I wouldย ย 
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? ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด
05:46
worked harder? It would be if I had, right.ย  When we have an ed this is a past participle,ย ย 
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๋” ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด? ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋žฌ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ed๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ
05:56
then it must be had. If I had worked. If Iย  had known. If you had told me. And here we seeย ย 
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์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ผํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
06:06
our past participles, right. Same had called, hadย  known. So, if the next word is a past participle,ย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
06:13
we know it means have or had. In our second part,ย  Iโ€™d have gotten a promotion. So, what makes moreย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด have ๋˜๋Š” have๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ €๋Š” ์Šน์ง„ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋”
06:22
sense? I would have gotten a promotion, or I hadย  have gotten a promotion. Maybe I would have, rightย ย 
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๋ง์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์Šน์ง„ํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์Šน์ง„ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด I would have, ๋งž์ฃ 
06:31
and often in these conditionals we use the phraseย  I would have. So, Iโ€™d have means, I would have.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ข…์ข… ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” I would have๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
Here's another example: if Iโ€™d known youย  were coming, Iโ€™d have baked a cake. Again,ย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜ฌ ์ค„ ์•Œ์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ผ€์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์› ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
06:44
we know this first part with our if is had becauseย  we have our past participle known. If I had known,ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— if๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์•Œ์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด,
06:53
if Iโ€™d known, Iโ€™d have baked a cake.ย  There again I would have baked a cake,ย ย 
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์•Œ์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ผ€์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์› ์„ ํ…๋ฐ. ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ผ€์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์› ์„ ํ…๋ฐ,
07:01
but actually more often we say: I wouldย  have. So, we don't necessarily say,ย ย 
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ์ž์ฃผ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ '
07:08
if we have the phrase I would have. We couldย  say, Iโ€™d have, but often we say, I would have.ย ย 
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋žฌ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ข…์ข… ๊ทธ๋žฌ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
So, it's a little easier there. So, let'sย  review and then we'll take some questions.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
So, zero conditional is what we use for generalย  facts and truths. If this thing happens, thatย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 0 ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ ์ง„์‹ค์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ €
07:30
thing happens. If you heat water to 100 degreesย  Celsius, it boils. Simple truths, simple facts.ย ย 
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์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ์„ ์„ญ์”จ 100๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์—ดํ•˜๋ฉด ๋“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์ง„์‹ค, ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค.
07:40
First conditional is about a real possibleย  condition and a possible or probableย ย 
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ
07:47
result. If this thing happens, that thingย  will happen. For example, if I exercise,ย ย 
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ € ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‚˜์ค‘์—
07:57
I will go out to eat with my friendsย  later. If I do this, then that will happen.ย ย 
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์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋จน์œผ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š” . ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
08:04
Second conditional is unlikelyย  or hypothetical. For example,ย ย 
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ์žˆ์„ ๋ฒ•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์„ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
08:10
if this thing happened, that thing would happen.ย  And our last one, our third conditional is trulyย ย 
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์ด ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ € ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ธ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ์ •๋ง
08:20
not possible, all happens in the past. Ifย  this thing had happened, that thing wouldย ย 
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๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ € ์ผ๋„
08:25
have happened. If you had told me you wereย  coming over, I would have made dinner. So,ย ย 
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์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ €๋…์„ ์ฐจ๋ ธ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
08:34
this is a useful chart for remembering and I hopeย  that you guys learned a lot in this lesson today.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ฐจํŠธ์ด๋ฉฐ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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