How to Use Must in English - English Modal Verbs

234,245 views ・ 2016-06-08

Oxford Online English


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:02
Hi, I’m Oli.
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš” μ˜¬λ¦¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:03
Welcome to Oxford Online English!
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μ˜₯μŠ€ν¬λ“œ 온라인 μ˜μ–΄μ— μ˜€μ‹  것을 ν™˜μ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€!
00:06
In this lesson, you can learn about the verb 'must'.
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이번 κ³Όμ—μ„œλŠ” 동사 'must'에 λŒ€ν•΄ 배울 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:09
'Must' can have many different meanings in English.
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'Must'λŠ” μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 의미λ₯Ό κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
00:13
In this video, you can learn about the different meanings of 'must', and how to use 'must'
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이 λΉ„λ””μ˜€μ—μ„œλŠ” 'must'의 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ˜λ―Έμ™€ μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œ 'must'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 방법에 λŒ€ν•΄ 배울 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:20
in English.
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.
00:22
Part one, using 'must' to talk about obligations.
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파트 1, 'must'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ˜λ¬΄μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:26
First, you can use must to talk about obligations and rules.
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첫째, mustλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ˜λ¬΄μ™€ κ·œμΉ™μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
00:32
For example:
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예:
00:33
"I must remember to call herβ€”it’s her birthday."
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"λ‚˜λŠ” κ·Έλ…€μ—κ²Œ μ „ν™”ν•˜λŠ” 것을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλ…€μ˜ μƒμΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€."
00:38
This is an obligation.
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이것은 μ˜λ¬΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:39
It’s very important to me.
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그것은 λ‚˜μ—κ²Œ 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:43
"All passengers must hold a valid ticket."
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"λͺ¨λ“  μŠΉκ°μ€ μœ νš¨ν•œ 티켓을 μ†Œμ§€ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€."
00:48
This is a rule.
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이것은 κ·œμΉ™μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:49
You can't choose to travel without a ticket.
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ν‹°μΌ“ μ—†μ΄λŠ” 여행을 선택할 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κΌ­
00:53
These are things that it is necessary or important to do.
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ν•„μš”ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μ€‘μš”ν•œ μΌλ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
00:57
If you must do something, you have no choice.
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ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  일이 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ μ„ νƒμ˜ 여지가 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:02
When you use must for obligations, it can mean that the obligation is important to you
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μ˜λ¬΄μ— mustλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©΄ μ˜λ¬΄κ°€ 개인적으둜 μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 의미일 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:07
personally.
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.
01:08
It’s not just a rule that someone else made; using 'must' means that something matters
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ λ§Œλ“  κ·œμΉ™μ΄ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€. 'must'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것은 μ–΄λ–€ 것이 λ‹Ήμ‹ μ—κ²Œ μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:14
to you.
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.
01:16
For example:
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예:
01:18
"You must be here on time, otherwise we’ll miss the start."
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"μ •μ‹œμ— 도착해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그렇지 μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄ μΆœλ°œμ„ λ†“μΉ˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€."
01:24
Using 'must' shows that you care about whatever you’re going to see.
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'λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것은 당신이 보게 될 λͺ¨λ“  것에 관심이 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€ . μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ κΈ°λ‹€λ €μ˜¨
01:29
Maybe you’re going to see a concert that you’ve been looking forward to for ages,
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μ½˜μ„œνŠΈλ₯Ό 보게 될 μˆ˜λ„ 있고 , κ·Έ 쀑 1뢄이라도
01:32
and you’ll be really unhappy if you miss even a minute of it.
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λ†“μΉ˜λ©΄ 정말 λΆˆν–‰ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
01:38
"I must finish this work today."
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"였늘 이 일을 끝내야 ν•΄."
01:40
Again, this means that I feel strongly about this.
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이것은 λ‚΄κ°€ 이것에 λŒ€ν•΄ κ°•ν•˜κ²Œ λŠλ‚€λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
01:52
Maybe I promised someone that I would finish it by today, and it’s important to me that
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λˆ„κ΅°κ°€μ—κ²Œ μ˜€λŠ˜κΉŒμ§€ 끝내겠닀고 μ•½μ†ν–ˆμ„ μˆ˜λ„ 있고 , κ·Έ 약속을 μ§€ν‚€λŠ” 것이 μ €μ—κ²ŒλŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:57
I keep my promise.
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.
02:00
When talking about rules, we mostly use 'must' in formal or written English.
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κ·œμΉ™μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 λ•Œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 주둜 격식을 μ°¨λ¦¬λŠ” μ˜μ–΄λ‚˜ 문어체 μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œ 'must'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:07
For example:
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예:
02:08
"All candidates must show valid ID."
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"λͺ¨λ“  μ§€μ›μžλŠ” μœ νš¨ν•œ 신뢄증을 μ œμ‹œν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€."
02:13
This is a rule probably in an examination hall, which of course is a formal setting.
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이것은 μ•„λ§ˆλ„ 곡식적인 ν™˜κ²½μΈ μ‹œν—˜μž₯μ—μ„œμ˜ κ·œμΉ™μΌ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
02:20
"Employees must wash their hands before working with food."
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"직원듀은 μŒμ‹μ„ 닀루기 전에 손을 μ”»μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ ."
02:25
This could be from a sign in a restaurant or cafΓ©.
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이것은 λ ˆμŠ€ν† λž‘μ΄λ‚˜ 카페의 κ°„νŒμ—μ„œ 온 것일 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
02:29
Again, this is more likely to be written than spoken.
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이것은 말둜 ν•˜λŠ” 것보닀 μ“°λŠ” 것일 κ°€λŠ₯성이 더 ν½λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
02:35
In informal English, we mostly use the verb 'have to' to talk about rules and obligations.
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비곡식 μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œλŠ” κ·œμΉ™κ³Ό μ˜λ¬΄μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 λ•Œ 'have to'λΌλŠ” 동사λ₯Ό 주둜 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:41
To review, you can use 'must' to express an obligation if the obligation is important
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λ³΅μŠ΅ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ˜λ¬΄κ°€
02:46
to you personally, or if you want to sound more formal.
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개인적으둜 μ€‘μš”ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μ’€ 더 ν˜•μ‹μ μœΌλ‘œ 듀리고 μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄ 의무λ₯Ό ν‘œν˜„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 'must'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:53
Part two, using 'must' to talk about prohibition.
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2λΆ€, 'must'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ κΈˆμ§€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
You can use 'mustn’t' to say that something is not allowed or forbidden.
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'mustn't'λŠ” ν—ˆμš©λ˜μ§€ μ•Šκ±°λ‚˜ κΈˆμ§€λœ 것을 말할 λ•Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:03
This is the opposite of using must to talk about obligations or rules, and is similar
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이것은 μ˜λ¬΄λ‚˜ κ·œμΉ™μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 λ•Œ mustλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것과 λ°˜λŒ€ 이며
03:09
in meaning.
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μ˜λ―Έλ„ λΉ„μŠ·ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
Look at some examples:
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λͺ‡ 가지 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
03:13
"You mustn’t smoke here."
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"μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ‹΄λ°°λ₯Ό ν”Όμš°λ©΄ μ•ˆ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€."
03:17
That means smoking is forbidden; it’s against the rules to smoke here.
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그것은 흑연이 κΈˆμ§€λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŒμ„ μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ‹΄λ°°λ₯Ό ν”Όμš°λŠ” 것은 κ·œμΉ™μ— μœ„λ°°λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:22
"Mobile phones must not be used while the plane is flying."
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"λΉ„ν–‰κΈ° λΉ„ν–‰ μ€‘μ—λŠ” νœ΄λŒ€μ „ν™”λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μ•ˆ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€ ."
03:25
Again, this means that it’s forbidden to use phones.
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이것은 μ „ν™” μ‚¬μš©μ΄ κΈˆμ§€λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŒμ„ μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
03:31
'Must' expresses the idea that you don’t have a choice.
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MustλŠ” μ„ νƒμ˜ 여지가 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” 생각을 ν‘œν˜„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
03:38
If you mustn’t smoke here, then it’s not OK to smoke, and you don’t have a choice.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ‹΄λ°°λ₯Ό ν”Όμ›Œμ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ λ‹΄λ°°λ₯Ό ν”Όμš°λŠ” 것이 μ˜³μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©° μ„ νƒμ˜ 여지가 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:44
'Mustn’t' with this meaning is similar to 'can’t'.
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이 의미의 'Mustn't'λŠ” 'can't'와 μœ μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
With obligations and rules, we mostly use 'must' in formal or written English, and 'have
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의무 및 κ·œμΉ™κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ•žμ—μ„œ λ§ν–ˆλ“―μ΄ 곡식 λ˜λŠ” μ„œλ©΄ μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œ 주둜 'must'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³ 
03:56
to' in informal English, as we said before.
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비곡식 μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œ 'have to'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
However, you can use 'mustn’t' in both formal and informal English.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 'mustn't'λŠ” 곡식 μ˜μ–΄μ™€ 비곡식 μ˜μ–΄ λͺ¨λ‘μ—μ„œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:06
Part three: using 'must' to give strong advice.
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3λΆ€: 'must'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ κ°•λ ₯ν•œ 쑰언을 μ œκ³΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:11
'Must' can be used to give someone advice or a recommendation.
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'Must'λŠ” λˆ„κ΅°κ°€μ—κ²Œ μ‘°μ–Έ μ΄λ‚˜ μΆ”μ²œμ„ ν•  λ•Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:17
For example:
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예:
04:18
"You must read this bookβ€”it’s amazing!"
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"당신은 이 책을 λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ 읽어야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 정말 λ†€λžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€!"
04:22
"If you go to Paris, you must take a walk by the river at night."
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"νŒŒλ¦¬μ— κ°€λ©΄ 밀에 κ°•κ°€λ₯Ό μ‚°μ±…ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€."
04:26
"We must hire some new staff as soon as possible."
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"μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ ν•œ 빨리 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 직원을 κ³ μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€."
04:33
In these examples, ''must' has a strong meaning.
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이 μ˜ˆμ—μ„œ 'λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ'λŠ” κ°•ν•œ 의미λ₯Ό κ°–μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:37
If I say:
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04:38
"You must read this bookβ€”it’s amazing!"
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"당신은 이 책을 λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ 읽어야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 정말 λ†€λžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€!"
04:41
I don’t mean that you have an obligation to read it.
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λ‚˜λŠ” 당신이 그것을 읽을 μ˜λ¬΄κ°€ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
04:45
I mean that I really, really recommend this book.
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이 책을 정말 정말 μΆ”μ²œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
04:49
In the same way, if I say:
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같은 λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ λ‚΄κ°€
04:52
"If you go to Paris, you must take a walk by the river at night."
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"νŒŒλ¦¬μ— κ°€λ©΄ 밀에 κ°•κ°€λ₯Ό μ‚°μ±…ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ . "라고 λ§ν•˜λ©΄.
04:57
This is advice or a recommendation.
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이것은 μ‘°μ–Έ λ˜λŠ” ꢌμž₯ μ‚¬ν•­μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:00
It doesn’t mean that it’s a rule or an obligation.
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κ·œμΉ™μ΄λ‚˜ μ˜λ¬΄λΌλŠ” μ˜λ―ΈλŠ” μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
05:04
Sometimes, the meaning of 'must' depends on the context.
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λ•Œλ•Œλ‘œ 'λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ'의 μ˜λ―ΈλŠ” λ¬Έλ§₯에 따라 λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
05:09
For example:
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예:
05:10
"We must hire some new staff as soon as possible."
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"μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ ν•œ 빨리 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 직원을 κ³ μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€."
05:15
'Must' here could mean that hiring new staff is necessary, and it’s an obligation, or
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 'λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ'λŠ” μƒˆ 직원을 κ³ μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 의미일 μˆ˜λ„ 있고 μ˜λ¬΄μ‚¬ν•­μΌ μˆ˜λ„ 있고
05:21
it could be a strong recommendation.
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κ°•λ ₯ν•œ ꢌμž₯사항일 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이런
05:25
How do you know what 'must' means in a sentence like this?
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λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ 'λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ'κ°€ 무엇을 μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ•Œ 수 μžˆλ‚˜μš” ?
05:30
In a sentence like this, in a lesson, where there’s no context, you can’t say exactly
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이와 같은 λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ λ¬Έλ§₯이 μ—†λŠ” μˆ˜μ—…μ—μ„œλŠ”
05:35
what 'must' means.
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'λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ'κ°€ 무엇을 μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ •ν™•νžˆ 말할 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:37
In real life, the meaning would depend on the context: who’s speaking, what the situation
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μ‹€μƒν™œμ—μ„œ κ·Έ μ˜λ―ΈλŠ” λˆ„κ°€ λ§ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€, μ–΄λ–€ 상황
05:43
is, and so on.
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인지 λ“±μ˜ λ§₯락에 따라 λ‹¬λΌμ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:46
When you use 'must' in this way, you can’t use the negative.
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 'λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  λ•ŒλŠ” λΆ€μ •μ–΄λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 쑰언을 ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μΆ”μ²œμ„ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
05:50
There’s no way to use 'mustn’t' to give advice or make recommendations.
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'mustn't'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  방법이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
05:56
Only the positive formβ€”'must'β€”can have this meaning.
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긍정적인 ν˜•νƒœ('λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ')만이 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 의미λ₯Ό κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:01
Part four: using 'must' to talk about logical necessity.
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4λΆ€: 'must'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 논리적 필연성에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
06:05
Finally, 'must' can be used to make deductions.
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ 'λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μΆ”λ‘ ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:12
What are deductions?
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κ³΅μ œλž€ λ¬΄μ—‡μž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
06:14
Well, look at some examples, and then I’ll explain what this means:
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κΈ€μŽ„, λͺ‡ 가지 예λ₯Ό λ³Έ λ‹€μŒ 이것이 μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ” λ°”λ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:19
"They must be rich.
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"그듀은 λΆ€μžμž„μ— ν‹€λ¦Όμ—†μ–΄.
06:21
Their house is huge!"
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 집은 κ±°λŒ€ν•΄!"
06:25
"It must be a difficult examβ€”only 10% of candidates pass."
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"μ–΄λ €μš΄ μ‹œν—˜μ΄κ² κ΅°μš”. μ§€μ›μžμ˜ 10%만이 ν•©κ²©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€."
06:32
"It must have rained last night."
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"어젯밀에 λΉ„κ°€ μ™”λ‚˜ λ΄μš”."
06:37
Take the first sentence:
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첫 번째 λ¬Έμž₯을 보자:
06:38
"They must be rich.
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"그듀은 λΆ€μžμž„μ— ν‹€λ¦Όμ—†μ–΄.
06:40
Their house is huge!"
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 집은 κ±°λŒ€ν•΄!"
06:43
Do we know they’re rich?
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그듀이 λΆ€μžλΌλŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
06:45
No, we don’t know for a fact.
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μ•„λ‹ˆμš”, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 사싀을 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:48
But, we do know that they have a huge house.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그듀이 κ±°λŒ€ν•œ 집을 가지고 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:52
Huge houses cost a lot of money.
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큰 집은 돈이 많이 λ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:54
Therefore, they must be rich.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ 그듀은 λΆ€μžκ°€ λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:57
We’re sure that they’re rich, because otherwise they couldn’t afford such a big
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그렇지 μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 큰 집을 μ‚΄ μ—¬μœ κ°€ μ—†μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그듀이 λΆ€μžλΌκ³  ν™•μ‹ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:02
house.
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.
07:04
Compare:
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비ꡐ:
07:06
"They must be rich."
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"그듀은 λΆ€μžμž„μ— ν‹€λ¦Όμ—†μ–΄."
07:09
"They’re rich."
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"그듀은 λΆ€μžμ•Ό."
07:10
What’s the difference?
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차이점이 뭐야?
07:14
"They’re rich" is a fact.
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"그듀은 λΆ€μžλ‹€"λŠ” μ‚¬μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:17
We know they’re rich.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그듀이 λΆ€μžλΌλŠ” 것을 μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:19
Maybe you’re their accountant, and you know all about their financial situation.
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„ 당신은 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ νšŒκ³„μ‚¬μ΄κ³  κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μž¬μ • 상황에 λŒ€ν•΄ λͺ¨λ‘ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:25
Maybe they told you how much money they have directly.
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„ 그듀은 그듀이 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ§Žμ€ λˆμ„ 가지고 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ λ‹Ήμ‹ μ—κ²Œ 직접 λ§ν–ˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
07:29
Anyway, however you know, you know they’re rich.
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μ–΄μ¨Œλ“ , 당신이 μ•Œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό, 당신은 그듀이 λΆ€μžλΌλŠ” 것을 μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:34
"They must be rich" is a deduction.
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"그듀은 λΆ€μžμž„μ— ν‹€λ¦Όμ—†λ‹€"λŠ” κ³΅μ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:38
You don’t actually know they’re rich.
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당신은 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 그듀이 λΆ€μžλΌλŠ” 것을 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:40
You know something else; you know that they have a huge house and this makes you sure
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당신은 λ‹€λ₯Έ 것을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 당신은 그듀이 κ±°λŒ€ν•œ 집을 가지고 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ³  이것은 당신이
07:47
that they’re rich.
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그듀이 λΆ€μžμž„μ„ ν™•μ‹ ν•˜κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:49
Okay, let’s look at another example:
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자, λ‹€λ₯Έ 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:53
"It must be a difficult examβ€”only 10% of candidates pass."
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.
07:59
Again, using 'must' expresses a deduction.
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, 'must'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©΄ 곡제λ₯Ό ν‘œν˜„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:03
If you say this, you haven’t actually taken the exam.
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν•˜λ©΄ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ‹œν—˜μ„ λ³Έ 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ–΄λ ΅λ‹€λŠ” 것을
08:07
You don’t know for yourself that it’s difficult.
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슀슀둜 잘 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
08:11
However, you do know something else: you know that only 10% of candidates pass, and this
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 당신은 λ‹€λ₯Έ 것을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ§€μ›μžμ˜ 10%만이 ν•©κ²©ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ³  있으며
08:19
makes you sure that it’s a difficult exam.
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μ΄λŠ” μ–΄λ €μš΄ μ‹œν—˜μž„μ„ ν™•μ‹ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:24
In our last example:
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ μ˜ˆμ—μ„œ:
08:25
"It must have rained last night."
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"어젯밀에 λΉ„κ°€ μ™”μŒμ΄ ν‹€λ¦Όμ—†μ–΄."
08:29
Did you see it rain?
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λΉ„μ˜€λŠ”κ±° λ΄€μ–΄?
08:31
No, you didn’t.
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μ•„λ‹ˆ, λ‹Ήμ‹ μ€ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€.
08:33
But, you’re sure it rained.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν™•μ‹€νžˆ λΉ„κ°€ λ‚΄λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:35
How?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ?
08:36
Probably, you can see that the ground is wet.
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„ 땅이 μ –μ–΄μžˆλŠ” 것을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:39
You didn’t see or hear the rain, but you can make a deduction from what you see.
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λΉ„λ₯Ό 보지도 듣지도 λͺ»ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ λ³Έ κ²ƒμ—μ„œ μΆ”λ‘ ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:46
What you see makes you sure that it rained last night.
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당신이 λ³΄λŠ” 것은 어젯밀에 λΉ„κ°€ λ‚΄λ ΈμŒμ„ ν™•μ‹ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
08:50
You can also use 'must not' with this meaning, but you can’t use the short form 'mustn’t'
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이 의미둜 'must not'을 μ‚¬μš©ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ§€λ§Œ, μ—°μ—­μ˜ κ°œλ…μ„ ν‘œν˜„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν‘œμ€€ μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œ 'mustn't'λΌλŠ” 약식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:55
in standard English to express the idea of deduction.
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.
08:58
'Mustn’t' is only used to say that something is forbidden.
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Mustn'tλŠ” κΈˆμ§€λœ 것을 말할 λ•Œλ§Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
09:03
Okay, that's a strange point, so let's look at our next topic, which is negatives--part
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μ’‹μ•„μš”, 그건 μ΄μƒν•œ μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 우리의 λ‹€μŒ 주제인 λ„€κ±°ν‹°λΈŒμΈ 파트
09:09
five.
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5λ₯Ό λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
09:10
It’s important to remember that when you use 'must' with different meanings, the negative
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'must'λ₯Ό λ‹€λ₯Έ 의미둜 μ‚¬μš©ν•  λ•Œ λΆ€μ •
09:15
(or opposite) word is also different.
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(λ˜λŠ” λ°˜λŒ€) 단어도 λ‹€λ₯΄λ‹€λŠ” 점을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:18
Okay, let's look at this.
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μ’‹μ•„, 이것 μ’€ 보자.
09:21
So, if 'must' is used for obligation, the opposite would be 'mustn't', or maybe 'can't'.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 'must'κ°€ μ˜λ¬΄μ— μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” 경우 κ·Έ λ°˜λŒ€λŠ” 'mustn't' λ˜λŠ” 'can't'κ°€ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:29
The opposite of 'mustn't' for prohibition would be 'must' or maybe 'have to'.
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κΈˆμ§€μ— λŒ€ν•œ 'mustn't'의 λ°˜λŒ€λŠ” 'must' λ˜λŠ” 'have to'κ°€ 될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:35
The opposite of 'must' for strong advice is 'shouldn't'.
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κ°•ν•œ 좩고의 'must'의 λ°˜λŒ€λ§μ€ 'shouldn't'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:39
And for making deductions, the opposite of 'must' would be 'can't', 'couldn't', or maybe
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그리고 좔둠을 ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 'must'의 λ°˜λŒ€λŠ” 'can't', 'couldn't' λ˜λŠ”
09:44
'must not'.
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'must not'이 될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:47
For example:
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예:
09:48
"Passengers must place bags above the seats."
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"μŠΉκ°μ€ μ’Œμ„ μœ„μ— 가방을 놓아야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€."
09:52
Here, 'must' expresses an obligation.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 'must'λŠ” 의무λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:56
The opposite would be:
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κ·Έ λ°˜λŒ€λŠ”
09:58
"Passengers must not place their bags above the seats."
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"μŠΉκ°μ€ 가방을 μ’Œμ„ μœ„μ— 놓을 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ ."μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:02
Or, if you wanted to explain this rule in spoken English, you might say:
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λ˜λŠ” 이 κ·œμΉ™μ„ μ˜μ–΄λ‘œ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄
10:08
"You can’t put your bag above your seat."
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"You can't put your bag over your seat"라고 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:12
Another example:
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 예:
10:13
"You mustn’t say anything to her."
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"κ·Έλ…€μ—κ²Œ 아무 말도 ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μ•ˆ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€."
10:16
Here, 'must' expresses prohibition.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 'λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ'λŠ” κΈˆμ§€λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:19
The opposite is:
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κ·Έ λ°˜λŒ€λŠ”
10:20
"You must say something to her."
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"당신은 κ·Έλ…€μ—κ²Œ 무언가λ₯Ό 말해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€."μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:23
Or:
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λ˜λŠ”:
10:24
"You have to say something to her."
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"당신은 κ·Έλ…€μ—κ²Œ 무언가λ₯Ό 말해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€."
10:28
Finally, if you say:
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ
10:30
"He must be awake.
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"κ·ΈλŠ” κΉ¨μ–΄ μžˆμ–΄μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:32
It’s two o’clock in the afternoon!"
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μ˜€ν›„ 2μ‹œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€! "라고 λ§ν•˜λ©΄λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:34
Here, 'must' expresses a deduction.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 'λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ'λŠ” 곡제λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:39
The opposite could be:
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κ·Έ λ°˜λŒ€λŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:40
"He can’t be awake.
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"κ·ΈλŠ” κΉ¨μ–΄λ‚  수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:42
He never gets up before the late afternoon."
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κ·ΈλŠ” λŠ¦μ€ μ˜€ν›„ μ „μ—λŠ” μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."
10:45
Or perhaps:
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λ˜λŠ”
10:47
"He must not be awake.
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"κ·ΈλŠ” κΉ¨μ–΄ μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:50
He never wakes up early."
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κ·ΈλŠ” κ²°μ½” 일찍 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."
10:51
It’s important to remember that these opposites are not all the same!
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ°˜λŒ€κ°€ λͺ¨λ‘ λ™μΌν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” 것을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€!
10:57
For example, if you use 'must' to express prohibition, the possible opposites are 'must'
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ κΈˆμ§€λ₯Ό ν‘œν˜„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 'must'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 경우 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ λ°˜λŒ€λ§μ€ 'must'
11:04
and 'have to'.
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와 'have to'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:05
This doesn’t mean 'must' and 'have to' have the same meaning.
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이것은 'ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€'와 'ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€'κ°€ 같은 의미λ₯Ό κ°–λŠ”λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
11:10
Modal verbs are complicated.
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λͺ¨λ‹¬ λ™μ‚¬λŠ” λ³΅μž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:11
For now, you need to remember one important point:
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μ§€κΈˆμ€ ν•œ 가지 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 점을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
11:16
Different meanings of 'must' have different negatives.
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'must'의 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ˜λ―Έμ—λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ 뢀정이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:19
OK?
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μ’‹μ•„μš”?
11:20
Good!
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쒋은!
11:21
Let’s look at one more point.
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ν•œ 가지 더 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:24
Part six: past forms.
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6λΆ€: κ³Όκ±°ν˜•.
11:28
Like with negatives, if you want to use must to talk about the past, the past form depends
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뢀정어와 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ κ³Όκ±°λ₯Ό μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ mustλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ €λ©΄
11:33
on the meaning of 'must'.
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'must'의 μ˜λ―Έμ— 따라 κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μ΄ λ‹¬λΌμ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:36
Often, you need to use a different verb.
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μ’…μ’… λ‹€λ₯Έ 동사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:39
Take a look:
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λ³΄μ„Έμš”:
11:41
So, 'must' for obligation, the past form is 'have to'.
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의무의 'must'λŠ” κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μ΄ 'have to'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:49
'Mustn't' for prohibition, the past form is 'couldn't'.
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κΈˆμ§€μ˜ 'Mustn't', κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μ€ 'couldn't'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:52
'Must' for strong advice or recommendations, the past form is 'should have'.
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'Must'λŠ” κ°•ν•œ μΆ©κ³ λ‚˜ ꢌ고의 경우 κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μ€ 'should have'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:58
And for making deductions, the past form is 'must have'.
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그리고 좔둠을 ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μ΄ 'ν•„μˆ˜'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:04
Using 'must' with a past meaning is only possible if you are using 'must' to make deductions.
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κ³Όκ±° 의미둜 'must'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것은 좔둠을 ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 'must'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” κ²½μš°μ—λ§Œ κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:08
In all other cases, you need to use a different verb to talk about the past.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λͺ¨λ“  κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” 과거에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ‹€λ₯Έ 동사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:14
Let’s look at some examples:
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λͺ‡ 가지 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:17
"We must be there at 9.00 tomorrow."
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"내일 9μ‹œμ— 도착해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€."
12:21
This is an obligation.
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이것은 μ˜λ¬΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:23
In the past, you'd say, "We had to be there at 9.00 yesterday."
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κ³Όκ±°μ—λŠ” " μ–΄μ œ 9μ‹œμ— 거기에 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμ–΄μš”."라고 λ§ν•˜κ³€ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:28
"We mustn’t smoke in the restaurant."
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"λ ˆμŠ€ν† λž‘μ—μ„œ λ‹΄λ°°λ₯Ό ν”Όμš°λ©΄ μ•ˆ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€."
12:31
That's prohibition.
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그것은 κΈˆμ§€ μ‚¬ν•­μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:33
The past: "We couldn’t smoke in the restaurant."
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κ³Όκ±°: "μ‹λ‹Ήμ—μ„œ λ‹΄λ°°λ₯Ό ν”ΌμšΈ 수 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."
12:36
"You must try the stewβ€”it’s delicious!"
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"μŠ€νŠœλŠ” κΌ­ λ“œμ…”λ³΄μ„Έμš”. λ§›μžˆμ–΄μš”!"
12:42
This is advice.
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이것은 μ‘°μ–Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:43
The past form: "You should have tried the stewβ€”it was delicious!"
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κ³Όκ±°ν˜•: "당신은 슀튜λ₯Ό λ¨Ήμ–΄λ΄€μ–΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμ–΄μš” . λ§›μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”!"
12:49
"They must be on the subwayβ€”I can’t get through on the phone."
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"그듀은 μ§€ν•˜μ² μ— μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ν™”λ₯Ό 받을 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ ."
12:53
That's a deduction.
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그것은 κ³΅μ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:55
The past form: "They must have been on the subwayβ€”I couldn’t get through on the phone."
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κ³Όκ±°ν˜•: "그듀은 λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ μ§€ν•˜μ² μ— νƒ”μŒμ— ν‹€λ¦Όμ—†μ–΄μš” . μ „ν™”λ₯Ό ν•  μˆ˜κ°€ μ—†μ—ˆμ–΄μš”." 'must'의 μ˜λ―Έμ— 따라 과거에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
13:00
You can see how you need to use different verbs to talk about the past, depending on
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 동사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
13:05
the meaning of 'must'.
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.
13:07
Okay, finally, let's do a review.
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자, λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ 리뷰λ₯Ό ν•΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:10
Let’s review what we’ve studied in this lesson.
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이번 μ‹œκ°„μ— κ³΅λΆ€ν•œ λ‚΄μš©μ„ λ³΅μŠ΅ν•΄ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€ .
13:13
'Must' can be used to express obligation and prohibition, to give strong advice, and to
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'Must'λŠ” μ˜λ¬΄μ™€ κΈˆμ§€λ₯Ό ν‘œν˜„ν•˜κ³ , κ°•ν•œ 쑰언을 ν•˜κ³ ,
13:19
make deductions.
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좔둠을 ν•  λ•Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:22
In some cases, 'must' is similar to other verbs.
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κ²½μš°μ— 따라 'must'λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ 동사와 μœ μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
13:26
For example, 'must' used to express prohibition is similar to 'can’t'.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ κΈˆμ§€λ₯Ό ν‘œν˜„ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” 'must'λŠ” 'can't'와 μœ μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:32
However, remember that similar does not mean the same!
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μœ μ‚¬ν•˜λ‹€κ³  ν•΄μ„œ 같은 것은 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” 점을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€ !
13:35
'Must' is unique, and no verb is ever exactly the same as 'must'.
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'Must'λŠ” κ³ μœ ν•˜λ©° 'must'와 μ •ν™•νžˆ λ™μΌν•œ λ™μ‚¬λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:43
Different meanings of 'must' have different negative and past forms.
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'λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ'의 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ˜λ―ΈλŠ” μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ λΆ€μ •ν˜•κ³Ό κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μ„ 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:47
In other words, the way you use 'must' depends on the meaning of 'must'.
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즉, 'must'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 방식은 'must'의 μ˜λ―Έμ— 따라 λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λͺ¨λ“  λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ
13:53
You can’t just use 'must' in the same way in every sentence; you need to think about
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같은 λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ 'must'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:57
what 'must' means in each case.
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각각의 κ²½μš°μ— 'λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ'κ°€ 무엇을 μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ”μ§€ 생각해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:00
Do you want more practice with this topic?
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이 μ£Όμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 더 λ§Žμ€ μ—°μŠ΅μ„ μ›ν•˜μ‹­λ‹ˆκΉŒ? 저희 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ www.oxfordonlineenglish.com
14:04
Check out the full version of the lesson on our website: www.oxfordonlineenglish.com.
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μ—μ„œ κ°•μ˜ 전체 버전을 ν™•μΈν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€ .
14:10
The full lesson includes notes and exercises to help you practise what you’ve learned
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전체 μˆ˜μ—…μ—λŠ” 이 μˆ˜μ—…μ—μ„œ 배운 λ‚΄μš©μ„ μ—°μŠ΅ν•˜λŠ” 데 도움이 λ˜λŠ” λ©”λͺ¨μ™€ μ—°μŠ΅μ΄ ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
14:15
in this class.
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.
14:16
That’s the end of the lesson.
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그게 μˆ˜μ—…μ˜ λμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:18
Thanks very much for watching!
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μ‹œμ²­ν•΄μ£Όμ…”μ„œ λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€!
14:19
I hope it was useful for you.
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도움이 λ˜μ—ˆκΈ°λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:21
I'll see you next time!
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λ‹€μŒμ— λ΅™κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€!
14:22
Bye bye.
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μ•ˆλ…•.
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