Past Perfect Tense

1,365,286 views ใƒป 2012-06-01

Learn English with Rebecca


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hi, my name is Rebecca, and in today's lesson, I'm going to show you how to start using the
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ œ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ Rebecca์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ๋Š”
00:10
past perfect tense easily and quickly in English. Now, this is a lesson that was requested by
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์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ณ  ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ“๊ธ€ ์„น์…˜
00:17
Merlin, one of our viewers on engVid in the comments section, and also several other viewers
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์—์„œ engVid์˜ ์‹œ์ฒญ์ž ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ธ Merlin์ด ์š”์ฒญํ•œ ๊ฐ•์˜ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‹œ์ฒญ์ž๋„
00:24
have asked for advanced lessons on the perfect tenses, and that's where we're going to talk
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์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
about this today, because the conception is, the idea is that the perfect tenses are very
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, ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:37
difficult. That's not necessarily the case, and I hope you'll see after this lesson that
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. ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ,
00:43
the past perfect tense, in particular, is really quite easy to understand and not so
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ํŠนํžˆ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ณ 
00:50
difficult to start using, okay? The reason that people have difficulties with this tense
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๋๋‚œ ํ›„์— ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด ์‹œ์ œ์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
00:55
is because probably in your language, you may not have all of these tenses as there
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด์—๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
are in English, and that's why it's difficult to even understand in terms of time, in terms
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01:08
of expressing specific periods of time, why we have all of these tenses. But let me try
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์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”? ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€
01:15
to simplify it for you, okay? We're going to start by talking about when we use the
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๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™”ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
01:20
past perfect tense, then I'll explain how you use it, and then we'll go over several
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€
01:26
examples so that you can start using it yourself, okay? Let's get started.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง์ ‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž.
01:32
Okay, so the past perfect tense in English is sometimes called the past of the past.
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜์–ด์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
Why is that? Let me explain to you. We use the past perfect tense when we are talking
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ
01:49
about more than one thing that happened in the past, right? Now, for those of you who
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์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž,
01:55
have been studying English for some time, you know the simple past tense. The simple
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ํ•œ๋™์•ˆ ์˜์–ด ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•„์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
past tense we use to talk about one thing that happened in the past and it's over, right?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
02:07
Or even a few things that happened at the same time, more or less. But the past perfect
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๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ
02:13
tense is used when we're talking about two or more things that happened in the past,
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์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ
02:19
and you want to show, you want to indicate which of these two things, let's say, happened
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์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘ ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ด
02:27
first in the past, okay? What do I mean by that? Let's look at this timeline, alright?
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋จผ์ € ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ด์•ผ ? ์ด ํƒ€์ž„๋ผ์ธ์„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ?
02:35
On this timeline, this line says now. This is the period of time right now. This is the
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์ด ํƒ€์ž„๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ์ด ์ค„์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ชฝ์€
02:42
past, and that side is the future, okay? So, let's look at the example. These are two events
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๊ณ  ์ €์ชฝ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์•ผ ์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
02:50
that happened in the past. One happened closer to now, and one happened before that, right?
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ์— ๋” ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ „์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์ฃ ?
02:58
So, we have an example of two events that happened, both of them in the past, but one
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
03:05
happened before the other. That one which happened before the other is the one where
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๋จผ์ € ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋จผ์ € ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์€
03:12
we are going to use the past perfect tense to describe, alright? Let me show you exactly
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค , ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ?
03:19
what I mean. So, this is first just past simple, alright? Just two simple past simple sentences.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
We arrived at 6 o'clock, alright? Let's say we arrived at the airport at 6pm. This is
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 6์‹œ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์–ด, ์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ์˜คํ›„ 6์‹œ์— ๊ณตํ•ญ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
03:37
a past simple tense sentence. Another past tense sentence, the flight left at 5 o'clock,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ, ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋Š” 5์‹œ์— ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
03:46
alright? That's another past simple sentence, alright? But these are two separate sentences,
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์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜• ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด์—์š”, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ณ„๋„ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
03:56
and therefore, we just used the past simple. We didn't yet make any connection between
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ง
04:01
these two events. If we want to connect these two events, then we could say something like
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์ด ๋‘ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‘ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:08
this. When we arrived at the airport, the flight had left, alright? When we arrived
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. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณตํ•ญ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋– ๋‚ฌ์–ด, ์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
04:18
at the airport at 6pm, we discovered that the flight had left at 5pm. So, what happened
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์˜คํ›„ 6์‹œ์— ๊ณตํ•ญ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์˜คํ›„ 5์‹œ์— ์ถœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๋จผ์ € ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
04:29
first? The flight left at 5pm, right? So, whatever happened first, that is the flight,
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? ์˜คํ›„ 5์‹œ์— ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋จผ์ € ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋“  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋น„ํ–‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
we have to use the past perfect tense to describe. The flight had left at that time, okay? Alright.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์–ด, ์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€.
04:49
Now, let's look at this. This chart shows you how to use the past perfect tense, right?
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์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ฐจํŠธ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
So, here's the subject, and it could be anything, any pronoun, I, you, we, they, he, she, or
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์–ด๋–ค ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋“ ์ง€, ๋‚˜, ๋‹น์‹ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ, ๊ทธ๋“ค, ๊ทธ, ๊ทธ๋…€, ๋˜๋Š”
05:06
it. Then, we use the auxiliary verb or helping verb, "had", and then we use the past participle
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ "had"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ 
05:19
of a regular verb or of an irregular verb. So, for example, we could say, "I had arrived.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด "๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
You had cooked dinner. When I arrived, you had already cooked dinner." Okay? Or, "They
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ €๋…์„ ์š”๋ฆฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ €๋…์„ ์š”๋ฆฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋˜๋Š” "๊ทธ๋“ค์€
05:37
had left. They had gone." Alright? That's how you would physically construct it. You
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๋– ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
can't just say, "I arrived", because if you say, "I arrived", or "I cooked", or "They
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"๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์–ด์š”", "์š”๋ฆฌํ–ˆ์–ด์š”", "๊ทธ๋“ค์ด
05:53
left", or "He left", right? That would be a problem, because that would just be the
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๋– ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”", "๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๋งž์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€
06:01
past simple tense. If you want to start using past perfect, then you need to use this auxiliary
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
06:08
verb, "had", in the middle. Alright? Next, I'm going to show you several examples which
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์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ์ด ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ "had"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„
06:14
will help you to understand even more clearly exactly how to use the past perfect tense.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:20
Okay, so let's look at some examples now of how we can use the past perfect tense. Alright,
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
so, "When Jane arrived home yesterday, there were several things that had happened before
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์ž, "์ œ์ธ์ด ์–ด์ œ ์ง‘์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์— ์˜ค๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:37
she came home." So, in the first part of this sentence here, we said, "When Jane arrived",
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." ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "์ œ์ธ์ด ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
06:47
that's in the past simple tense, but all the things we're going to say after that, all
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
the things that happened before Jane arrived, we're going to describe using the past perfect
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:01
tense. Let's look. "When Jane arrived home yesterday, the maid had cleaned the house.
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. ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์ž. "์ œ์ธ์ด ์–ด์ œ ์ง‘์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํ•˜๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์„ ์ฒญ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
Her husband had cooked dinner." Jane's a very lucky woman. "The children had finished their
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋‚จํŽธ์ด ์ €๋…์„ ์š”๋ฆฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ œ์ธ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์šด์ด ์ข‹์€ ์—ฌ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:17
homework. The maid had done the laundry. Her husband had taken the children to a restaurant.
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. ํ•˜๋…€๋Š” ๋นจ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋‚จํŽธ์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ์‹๋‹น์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ ค๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
The baby had gone to sleep." Okay? I purposely gave you some examples here, which are regular
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์•„๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ž ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š”
07:39
verbs, like "cleaned" and "cooked" and "finished", and some which are irregular verbs, such as
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"cleaned", "cooked", "finished"์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •๊ทœ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ "
07:46
"done", "taken", "gone". Right? "Do", "take", and "go". When we use it in the third form,
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done", "taken", "gone"๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? "ํ•œ๋‹ค", "๊ฐ€๋‹ค", "๊ฐ€๋‹ค". ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ธ
07:54
in the past participle form, then we have to use them like that. Okay? So, all of these
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
08:02
things we know happened before Jane arrived home, and we know that because we say "had
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ๋“ค์€ ์ œ์ธ์ด ์ง‘์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
cleaned", "had cooked", "had finished", "had done", "had taken", and "had gone". Okay?
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". ์ข‹์•„์š”?
08:19
So that past perfect tense shows us what things happened first and what happened after, even
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ๋จผ์ € ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ดํ›„์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:26
though all of it happened in the past. Okay? Let's look at another example. "By the time
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. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "
08:33
John received the award, he had directed several movies, he had worked with many famous actors,
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John์ด ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋…ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ์œ ๋ช… ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
08:45
and he had made a lot of money." Okay? So, all these things, these three things we talked
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ ์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ๋“ค์€
08:52
about happened before John received the award. All right? And that's why here, we use past
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John์ด ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ
09:03
perfect tense. And here, we simply use the past tense. All right? So, we see that in
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์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
09:10
the same sentence, we're using the simple past tense, and we're also using the past
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๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ
09:16
perfect tense. Okay? Next example. "When I got married, there were many things that happened
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์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ. " ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ ์ „์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ผ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์•˜์–ด์š”
09:24
before that." Right? So, "When I got married", past simple tense. Now, all the things that
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." ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ"๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜• ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
09:31
happened before, I'm going to talk about in the past perfect tense. "When I got married,
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์ด์ „์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•  ๋•Œ
09:38
I had graduated from university, I had started my own business, I hadn't bought a house,
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ์กธ์—…ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๋‚ด ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ง‘์„ ์‚ฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ ,
09:49
and I hadn't made a lot of money yet." Okay? So, you could see that here, you could say
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์•„์ง ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ
09:56
it in the positive or in the negative. All right? Both of them are possible. I hope this
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด
10:03
lesson has helped you to understand the past perfect tense a little more clearly. You could
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์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
start using it. Just try to think of something that you did yesterday, but something that
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์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด์ œ ํ•œ ์ผ์ด๋‚˜
10:14
happened before that. All right? If you'd like to do a quiz on this, please go to our
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๊ทธ ์ „์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ์‹œ๋ฉด ๋‹น์‚ฌ
10:20
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์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ www.engvid.com์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์–ด์— ํ–‰์šด์„ ๋น•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Original video on YouTube.com
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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