Learn English Tenses: PRESENT SIMPLE

5,718,652 views ใƒป 2020-01-10

Learn English with Rebecca


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi, I'm Rebecca. Welcome to this series on English tenses. In this class, we will look
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒƒใ‚ซใงใ™ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎใ‚ทใƒชใƒผใ‚บใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใ ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใงใฏ
00:07
at the present simple tense. I'll show you exactly when to use it, how to use it, and
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ใ€็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ„ใคใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใ€ใ“ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹
00:14
also what mistakes to be careful of when you're using this tense. We'll also go through lots
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้š›ใซๆณจๆ„ใ™ในใ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซ็คบใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใพใŸ
00:21
of practice exercises together, so you'll learn exactly how to use this tense correctly
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ใ€ไธ€็ท’ใซใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ๅ•้กŒใ‚’่กŒใ†ใฎใงใ€ ใ“ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใ่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซๅญฆใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
00:27
and confidently. Are you ready? Let's get started.
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. ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
00:32
This series is about English tenses. But what are tenses anyway? Tenses are simply the way
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ทใƒชใƒผใ‚บใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใซใคใ„ใฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ใจใซใ‹ใๆ™‚ๅˆถใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๆ™‚ๅˆถใฏๅ˜ใซ
00:39
we talk about time in English. What do we mean by time? We mean the past, the present,
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงๆ™‚้–“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆ™‚้–“ใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹? ้ŽๅŽปใ€็พๅœจ
00:49
the future, right? These are all different times and we have different tenses to express
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ใ€ๆœชๆฅใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ ๆ™‚ไปฃใงใ‚ใ‚Š
00:55
or talk about those times. So, in this lesson, we're going to look at the two basic ways
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ™‚ไปฃใซใคใ„ใฆ่กจ็พใ—ใŸใ‚Š่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ๅˆถใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใง ใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง็พๅœจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ 2 ใคใฎๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:03
that you - we can speak about the present in English and they are: the present simple
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๅฝข
01:10
and the present continuous, or present progressive as it's also called.
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ใจ็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใ€ใพใŸใฏ็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝข ใจใ‚‚ๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
01:16
Now, although we are focusing on the present simple, I want to give you a little overview
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๅฝขใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆใ„
01:22
so you understand the basic differences between these two simple tenses, alright? So, let
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ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใช้•ใ„ใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆฆ‚่ฆใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ„ใจ ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏ
01:30
me give you an example. In present simple, we would say "I work". And in present continuous,
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ใ€ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็พๅœจๅฝขใง ใฏใ€ŒI workใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใง
01:41
we would say "I am working". So, what's the difference? What's the difference between
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ใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ ้•ใ„ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:48
these two sentences? What's the difference, is there a difference? I don't know, what
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ใ“ใฎ2ใคใฎๆ–‡ใฎ้•ใ„ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹? ้•ใ„ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹ ใ€้•ใ„ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใฉใ†
01:55
do you think? Well, I do know. And there is a difference. Perhaps, in your language, there
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ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใพใ‚ใ€็งใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ้•ใ„ใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:03
isn't any difference because in many languages, there is no difference between the way that
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ๅคšใใฎ่จ€่ชžใง ใฏใ€
02:09
these two ideas are expressed, but in English, there is a difference in the idea and the
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใฎ่กจ็พๆ–นๆณ•ใซ้•ใ„ใฏใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่จ€่ชžใงใฏ้•ใ„ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง ใฏใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใจใใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใซ้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
02:17
way that we say it.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:18
So, let me explain what that difference is. When we say "I am working", which is that
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ใงใฏใ€ใใฎ้•ใ„ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใŒใ€ŒI am workingใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
02:24
other tense, present continuous, which we can learn later, that is talking about something
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็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใฎๅˆฅใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๅพŒใงๅญฆใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏใ€
02:30
that is happening now, or something temporary. What do I mean by now? For example, I am teaching.
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็พๅœจ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ใพใŸใฏไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใชใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹? ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใฏๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:41
You are listening, right? All these things are happening right now. So, when we are saying
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่žใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎใ“ใจ ใŒไปŠ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใŒใใ†่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€็งใŒใใ†
02:47
that, when I'm saying that, I'm using present continuous. But when I say "I work", that
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่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€็งใฏ็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จ ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใฏใ€ใใ‚Œ
02:56
is in general. For example, I may not be working at this moment, but I work somewhere. I have
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ใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็พๆ™‚็‚นใงใฏๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ใฉใ“ใ‹ใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:02
a job. So, when we talk about something that's true in general, that's present simple. Also,
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ไป•ไบ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ ใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€
03:11
present simple is for something that's more or less permanent. For example, if you have
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็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๅฝขใฏ ๅคšใ‹ใ‚Œๅฐ‘ใชใ‹ใ‚Œๆฐธ็ถš็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่กจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ
03:17
a job, of course, no job or thing in life is necessarily permanent. What does permanent
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ใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ไบบ็”Ÿใฎไป•ไบ‹ใ‚„็‰ฉไบ‹ ใฏๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ๆฐธ็ถš็š„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“. ๆ’ไน…็š„ใจ
03:24
mean, that it lasts all the time, but let's say you're not changing jobs every day. So,
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ใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใšใฃใจ็ถšใใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ— ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆฏŽๆ—ฅไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†. ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
03:31
more or less, this is the job you'll always have. This is your permanent job. So then,
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ๅคšใ‹ใ‚Œๅฐ‘ใชใ‹ใ‚Œใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅธธใซๆŒใคไป•ไบ‹ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ’ไน…็š„ใชไป•ไบ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰
03:37
for those kind of activities, we use present simple and we say "I work at the bank". "I
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ใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆดปๅ‹•ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใฏใ€็พๅœจๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใฃ ใฆใ€Œ็งใฏ้Š€่กŒใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
03:44
work in the store" etc. But, "I am working" would just be right now, or it could also
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ใŠๅบ—ใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใชใฉใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ ใฏไปŠใ ใ‘ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›
03:52
be for something temporary. "Temporary" means only for a short period of time. This is for
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ใ‚“ใ—ใ€ไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใ€ใจ ใฏใ€็ŸญๆœŸ้–“ใฎใฟใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
03:59
always, this is for a short period of time. This is true in general, and this one is true
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ๅธธใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็Ÿญใ„ๆœŸ้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
04:09
for something happening now. So, those are some basic differences between these two tenses.
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็พๅœจ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰2ใคใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใช้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:14
Now, let's focus on the tense that we're working on today, which is present simple. So, how
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ๅˆถใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚Œ
04:22
does it sound? How does it actually work? It's like this - so these are the different
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ใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ•ใพใ–ใพใช
04:28
subjects, and this is the verb and the way we use it. So just repeat it after me: I work.
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ไธป่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ไฝฟ็”จๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฎๅพŒใซ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผš็งใฏๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:38
You work. We work. They work. He works. She works. And: It works. "It" meaning the air
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅƒใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏๅƒใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๅƒใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏๅƒใใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใŒ ๅƒใใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ๏ผšใใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•ไฝœใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใฏ
04:57
conditioner, or the computer. "It" is for something which is not a person but it's for
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ใ‚จใ‚ขใ‚ณใƒณใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใฏไบบใฎใŸใ‚ ใงใฏใชใ
05:02
a thing.
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ใ€็‰ฉใฎใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:04
And we saw some differences there. Don't worry about those changes now. We're going to learn
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ“ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ้•ใ„ใŒ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ไปŠใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅค‰ๆ›ดใซใคใ„ใฆๅฟƒ้…ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:09
all about that in a later part of this lesson, okay? So that's what it sounds like. This
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ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๅพŒๅŠใง ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ
05:17
is a basic description of these two differences which you can keep in mind as we now move
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ใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎ้•ใ„ใฎๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใช่ชฌๆ˜Žใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’้€ฒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใซ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
05:24
forward with the present simple tense.
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ใ€‚
05:26
Now, let's look at when we use the present simple tense, okay? So, we have five different
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ใงใฏใ€็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ใ„ใคไฝฟใ†ใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
05:34
situations in which we can use this tense. Let's go through them one by one.
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ใ“ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ 5 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹็ŠถๆณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’1ใคใšใค่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:41
First of all, we can use the present simple tense to talk about things which are permanent.
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ใพใš็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ ๆฐธ็ถš็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:47
Which are more or less always true, okay? For example: "We live in New York". So, let's
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ๅคšใ‹ใ‚Œๅฐ‘ใชใ‹ใ‚Œๅธธใซๆญฃใ—ใ„ใฎใฏใฉใ‚Œใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ ไพ‹: ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใƒจใƒผใ‚ฏใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€
05:57
suppose that this is where you live, right? Not just for a short time, but for a long
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ใ“ใ“ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็ŸญๆœŸ้–“ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€
06:03
time, and more or less, it's a permanent situation. It's always true for you. It doesn't mean
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้•ทๆœŸ้–“ใ€ๅคšใ‹ใ‚Œๅฐ‘ใชใ‹ใ‚Œๆฐธ็ถš็š„ใช็Šถๆณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆๅธธใซ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ™ใ€‚
06:09
it's completely true always, but most of the time, this is where you live. So, that's what
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ๅธธใซๅฎŒๅ…จใซๆญฃใ—ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉ ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œ
06:15
we consider permanent. So, we could say "We live in New York", "He works at a bank", so
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ใฏ็งใŸใกใŒๆฐธ็ถš็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™. ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใก ใฏใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใƒจใƒผใ‚ฏใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ้Š€่กŒใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™
06:24
when we say, "He works at a bank", it means that's his permanent regular job, okay? It's
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ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ
06:31
not a temporary job, it's not a job that he has just for a little while, that's where
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ใฏไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใชไป•ไบ‹ใงใฏใชใใ€ๅฝผใŒใปใ‚“ใฎๅฐ‘ใ—ใฎ้–“ใ ใ‘่กŒใ†ไป•ไบ‹ใงใฏใชใใ€ๅฝผ ใŒ
06:35
he works most of the time, okay? So, we use this for permanent situations. Think about
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๆ™‚้–“ๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ? ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ’ไน…็š„ใช็Šถๆณใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:43
yourself, okay? Whenever you're trying to learn a tense, one of the great things you
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ๅญฆใผใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ„ใคใงใ‚‚
06:48
can do is to think of an example that applies to your life, or to people that you know.
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไบบ็”Ÿใ‚„ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใซๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚‹ไพ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:54
What is permanent for you? So, you could say a sentence right now, such as "I live in _______",
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆๆฐธ็ถš็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹้ƒฝๅธ‚ใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใชใใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏ________ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใชใฉใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ไปŠใ™ใ
07:03
whichever city you live in. Or, if you're working somewhere, and then you could say
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่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
07:08
"I work __________", okay? So, you, by making these sentences are already using the present
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ใพใ™. ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใ€ใ™ใงใซ็พๅœจใฎๅ˜็ด”ใชๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„
07:16
simple tense. It's that simple. Okay.
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ใพใ™. ใใ‚Œใฏใจใฆใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
07:20
So, let's look at another situation in which you can use the present simple tense. For
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎ็Šถๆณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
07:27
routines. So, what's a routine? A routine is something you do regularly, okay? For example,
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ใƒซใƒผใƒใƒณ็”จใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใƒซใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒณใจใฏ๏ผŸ ใƒซใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณ ใจใฏๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซ่กŒใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
07:34
"I wake up at 6:00 every day.", okay? "I go to sleep at 11:00". So, wake, go, these verbs
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ใ€Œ็งใฏๆฏŽๆ—ฅ6ๆ™‚ใซ่ตทใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œ็ง ใฏ11ๆ™‚ใซๅฏใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใงใฏใ€wake, go, ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉž
07:47
are in the present simple tense because they're talking about a regular activity, a routine.
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ใฏใ€้€šๅธธใฎๆดปๅ‹•ใ€ใƒซใƒผใƒใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใช็พๅœจๆ™‚ๅˆถใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
07:55
We can also use this tense to talk about facts. For example: "The sun rises in the east".
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ใ“ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆไบ‹ๅฎŸใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ไพ‹๏ผšใ€Œๅคช้™ฝใฏๆฑใ‹ใ‚‰ๆ˜‡ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚
08:03
It's just a fact, it's something that's a scientific truth. It's not something that
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ไบ‹ๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ็ง‘ๅญฆ็š„ใช็œŸๅฎŸใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ
08:08
I decided or you decided, it's just true. We could also say "The sun sets in the west",
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็งใŒๆฑบใ‚ใŸใจใ‹ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆฑบใ‚ใŸใจใ‹ใงใฏใชใใ€ใŸใ ใฎ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅคช้™ฝใฏ่ฅฟใซๆฒˆใ‚€ใ€ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆ
08:17
okay?
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ใพใ™ใญใ€‚
08:18
Next, we can use this tense to talk about schedules, because think about it, what is
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ“ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฑใ‚ธใƒฅใƒผใƒซใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆ
08:27
a schedule? A schedule tells us when something is going to happen, and that's kind of connected
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ‚นใ‚ฑใ‚ธใƒฅใƒผใƒซใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹? ใ‚นใ‚ฑใ‚ธใƒฅใƒผใƒซ ใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ„ใค่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆ
08:34
to this point, right? A regularly scheduled event. So, for example, we could say "Our
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ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซ้–‹ๅ‚ฌใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ ใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฎใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใฏ 9:00 ใซๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
08:42
class starts at 9:00." Why are we using present simple? Because our class always starts at
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ใ€‚ ใชใœ็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใฎ ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ็งใŸใกใฎใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚
08:50
9:00, alright? It's kind of permanent, it's kind of a routine, it's a schedule. Or, the
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9:00 ใซๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹? ใใ‚Œใฏไธ€็จฎใฎๆฐธ็ถš็š„ ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไธ€็จฎใฎใƒซใƒผใƒใƒณใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚นใ‚ฑใ‚ธใƒฅใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€
08:58
flight leaves at noon. Not just this time, but the flight always leaves at noon. It has
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ใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚คใƒˆใฏๆญฃๅˆใซๅ‡บ็™บใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๅ›žใซ ้™ใ‚‰ใšใ€้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ๆญฃๅˆๅ‡บ็™บใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใซ
09:07
a schedule and therefore we're using the present simple tense with the words "starts" and "leaves".
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ใฏใ‚นใ‚ฑใ‚ธใƒฅใƒผใƒซใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใง ใ€ใ€Œ้–‹ๅง‹ใ€ใจใ€Œ่‘‰ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅซใ‚€็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:15
Okay, got that?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
09:18
Now, let's look at one other situation. There are some words in English, and they're called
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎ็Šถๆณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใซใฏใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ
09:24
adverbs of frequency, to describe how often something is happening. And these words are
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้ ปๅบฆใฎๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎ้ ปๅบฆใง่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่กจใ—ใพใ™ . ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏ
09:33
shown down here, but let's look at this sentence first. "She always takes the bus". So, always
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ไธ‹ใซ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใพใšใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใ‚‹ใ€. ใคใพใ‚Šใ€always
09:41
is a word that tells us how often something happens, and all of these words down here
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ใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹้ ปๅบฆใ‚’่กจใ™่จ€่‘‰ ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏ
09:49
are just like that. So, if always is like 100% of the time, we have other words. We
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ใ™ในใฆใพใ•ใซใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅธธใซ 100% ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅˆฅใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:59
have the word "never", which is 0%, it never happens. It doesn't happen at all. So, we
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ใ€Œๆฑบใ—ใฆใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ 0% ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆฑบใ—ใฆ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใฏใพใฃใŸใ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
10:06
could say he or she never takes the bus. We could also say, let's say, 50% of the time,
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ๅฝผใพใŸใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆฑบใ—ใฆใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€50% ใฎ
10:16
okay, she takes the bus. So, we could say "She sometimes takes the bus". Or, once in
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็ขบ็އใงใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆ™‚ใ€…ใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€
10:23
a while, okay, "She rarely takes the bus". Or, "She often takes the bus". So, when you
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ใŸใพใซใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ‚ใฃใŸใซใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ‚ˆใใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้ ปๅบฆใฎ
10:34
see one of these words, which are called adverbs of frequency, that also tells you that you
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ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎ 1 ใคใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไป–ใฎ็Šถๆณใจใจใ‚‚ใซ
10:40
should be using the present simple tense, along with these other situations. So, if
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็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰
10:46
you want to learn it really well, as I said, apply it to yourself. Say something about
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ใ€็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚ˆใๅญฆใณใŸใ„ใฎใชใ‚‰ใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใซ้ฉ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„. ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒซใƒผใƒใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใ‹่จ€ใฃใฆ
10:53
your routine. Say something about what you always do, or what you never do, and that
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ใพใŸใฏใพใฃใŸใใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ใใฎ
11:01
way, you are already using the present simple tense.
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ™ใงใซ็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ .
11:04
Now, let's look at how to form the present simple tense. So, I've divided the board into
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎไฝœใ‚Šๆ–นใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใ€ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’
11:11
three sections. For positive sentences, negative sentences, and for questions. And we'll go
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3 ใคใฎใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซๅˆ†ใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ่‚ฏๅฎšๆ–‡็”จใ€ๅฆๅฎš ๆ–‡็”จใ€็–‘ๅ•ๆ–‡็”จใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏ
11:20
through each one step by step, okay? So, for these subjects, I, You, We, and They, we just
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ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใ‚’ไธ€ๆญฉใšใค่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไธป้กŒใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€็งใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ€็งใŸใกใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ๅ˜ใซ
11:30
say "work". For example, "I work". You can say it after me, that way, you will remember
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ใ€Œไป•ไบ‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ็งใฎๅพŒใซใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™, ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐ, ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ
11:38
the grammar, you'll also get the pronunciation, and it'll help you to learn and remember.
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ใงใใพใ™, ็™บ้Ÿณ ใ‚‚ๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™.
11:45
So, repeat after me: I work, you work, we work, they work. Good. Now, look what happens
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฎๅพŒใซ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผš็งใฏๅƒใใพใ™ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅƒใใพใ™ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ ๅƒใใพใ™ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅƒใใพใ™ใ€‚ ่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆ
12:05
here. When it comes to he, she, and it, we need to add an "s", okay? That's all. We need
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใฏ ใ€ใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใญใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงๅ…จ้ƒจใงใ™ใ€‚
12:14
to add an "s" for he, she, and it, not because it's plural, it's not plural, but from a grammar
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heใ€sheใ€it ใซใฏ "s" ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใฏใชใใ€่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•
12:21
point of view, in the present simple, we need to add an "s" here. So, say it after me: He
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ใฎ่ฆณ็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็พๅœจใฎๅ˜็ด”ๅฝขใงใฏใ€ ใ“ใ“ใซ "s" ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฎๅพŒใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผšๅฝผใฏ
12:28
works, she works, and it works. Okay? Very good. So, that's for a positive or affirmative
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ๅƒใใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅƒใใ€ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏๅƒใใพใ™. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใจใฆใ‚‚ ่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใพใŸใฏ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใช
12:42
sentence.
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ๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:44
Now, let's look at a negative sentence. So, what we would say is "I don't work" if we're
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ใงใฏใ€ๅฆๅฎšๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
12:54
shortening it, or we would say "I do not work". So, what happened here? How did we make it
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็Ÿญ็ธฎใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ŒI don't workใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€ŒI do not workใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใงไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ
13:02
negative? First, we have to add this word "do", and down here, we have to add the word
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ใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใซใ—ใŸใฎ๏ผŸ ใพใšใ€ใ“ใฎ ใ€Œdoesใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ€Œdoesใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹
13:10
"does". So, this is a helping verb that we have to use in this negative form, alright?
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ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏใ“ใฎๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใงไฝฟใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
13:16
So just learn it the way it is and then you'll understand it and you'll get used to it. So,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ใ‚‹ใŒใพใพใซๅญฆในใฐใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆๆ…ฃใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
13:23
we say "I do not work". The "do not", when we shorten it, becomes "don't", and how does
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ใ€Œ็งใฏๅƒใ‹ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ€ ใ‚’็Ÿญใใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ€
13:33
that happen? We take out the "o" here and then we squeeze these words together, we join
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ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ŒใŠใ€ใ‚’ๆŠœใ„ ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใใฃใคใ‘ใฆใคใชใ’ใ‚‹
13:41
them together, and it becomes "don't". So, first, let's say it with the contraction,
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ใจใ€ใ€Œใƒ‰ใƒณใƒˆใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€ใพใš
13:48
with the short form, because that's how we usually speak. It is correct to say, "I do
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็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใง่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใŒ ้€šๅธธ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅƒใ‹ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™
13:55
not work", but usually we'll say "I don't work", alright? But the most important thing
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ใŒใ€ๆ™ฎ้€šใฏใ€Œๅƒใ‹ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใในใๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใช
14:02
to remember is here we say, "I do not work" but here it becomes "He does not work", and
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ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€Œ็งใฏๅƒใ‹ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€Œๅฝผใฏ
14:10
"does not" when we shorten it, when we contract it, becomes "doesn't". So, what happened here?
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ๅƒใ‹ใชใ„ใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใ€็Ÿญ็ธฎใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€Œใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใ€็Ÿญ็ธฎ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€Œใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ . ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใงไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
14:20
We cancelled the "o" and again, we joined these two words "does" and "not" and it became
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ใ€Œoใ€ใ‚’ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใ‚ปใƒซใ—ใฆใ€ ใ€Œdoesใ€ใจใ€Œnotใ€ใจใ„ใ† 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’็ตๅˆ
14:27
"doesn't", and you can always know how to spell this contraction or this short form
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ใ—ใฆใ€Œdoesn'tใ€ใซใชใ‚Š
14:34
because of where we put the apostrophe. We put the apostrophe, this little comma that's
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ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ€‚ ็ฉบไธญ ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎๅฐใ•ใชใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚’ใ€ๆ–‡ๅญ—
14:40
in the in the air, in the place where we take out a letter. So, we put it here instead of
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ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ‡บใ™ๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ็ฝฎใ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
14:47
the "o" and we put it here instead of the "o". So, let's go through these. I don't work,
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ใ€Œoใ€ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ“ใ“ใซ็ฝฎใใ€ใ€Œoใ€ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ“ใ“ใซ็ฝฎใ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็งใฏๅƒใ‹ใชใ„ใ€
14:57
You don't work, We don't work, They don't work. Now, let's go to he, she, and it. Remember,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅƒใ‹ใชใ„ใ€็ง้”ใฏๅƒใ‹ใชใ„ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅƒใ‹ใชใ„ ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ๅฝผใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€
15:09
he, she, and it is always going to be a little bit different. Let's hear it and say it: He
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ๅฝผใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏๅธธใซๅฐ‘ใ—ใšใค้•ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† . ใใ‚Œใ‚’่žใ„ใฆ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†: ๅฝผ
15:15
doesn't work, She doesn't work, It doesn't work. Let's say the phone, the computer, it
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ใฏใ†ใพใใ„ใ‹ใชใ„ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ†ใพใใ„ใ‹ใชใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ†ใพใใ„ใ‹ใชใ„ . ้›ป่ฉฑใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ€ใใ‚Œ
15:26
doesn't work, okay?
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ใŒๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใชใ„ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
15:29
Now, let's go to the questions. So, what happens in the questions? In the question, we also
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ใงใฏใ€่ณชๅ•ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ ่ณชๅ•ใงใฏไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ่ณชๅ•ใงใฏใ€
15:35
have to use that helping verb: "do". "Do" here, and "does" down here, and we have to
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ใใฎๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œdoใ€ใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€Œใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใ€ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€Œใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใ€ใใ—ใฆ
15:44
change the order, so instead of saying "I do", we say "Do I?", alright? So, repeat it
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้ †ๅบใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œ็ง ใฏใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใ—ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
15:51
after me: Do I work? I don't know, I don't remember. Do you work? Do we work? Do they
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็งใฎๅพŒใซ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผš็งใฏๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ ่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ็งใŸใกใฏๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
16:04
work? Down here, you would say, with he, she, and it: Does he work? Does she work? Does
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ๅƒใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ๅฝผใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใจไธ€็ท’ใซ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ๏ผšๅฝผใฏๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ‚ŒใฏๆฉŸ่ƒฝ
16:20
it work? Alright? Now usually, of course, you're not just going to say "Do you work?"
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ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅคงไธˆๅคซ๏ผŸ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€้€šๅธธใ€ ใ€Œไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
16:26
You might say something more than that. Do you work on Fridays? Do you work Monday to
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ใใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ้‡‘ๆ›œๆ—ฅใฏไป•ไบ‹ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๆœˆๆ›œๆ—ฅใ‹ใ‚‰
16:31
Friday? Do you work at the bank? Alright? So usually there's something more, but I've
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้‡‘ๆ›œๆ—ฅใพใงๅƒใใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ ้Š€่กŒใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅคงไธˆๅคซ๏ผŸ ้€šๅธธใฏใใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠใฎใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
16:36
just put the basic form here so that you understand the structure of how to use this tense.
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ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎไฝฟ็”จๆ–นๆณ•ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชๅฝขใ‚’ใ“ใ“ใซ็ฝฎใ„ใฆ ใŠใใพใ™ใ€‚
16:42
Now, another important point is that sometimes, when we ask questions, we don't just start
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎ้‡่ฆใช็‚นใฏใ€ ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซ
16:49
with "do" or "does", but we need to add a question word, right? So, maybe you want to
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ใ€ใ€Œdoใ€ใ‚„ใ€Œdoesใ€ใ ใ‘ใงๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€็–‘ๅ•่ฉžใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ? ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ
16:55
say "where". What are the question words, first of all: who, what, when, where, why,
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ใฏใ€Œใฉใ“ใงใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็–‘ๅ•่ฉžใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใพใš็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€่ชฐใŒใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ€ใ„ใคใ€ใฉใ“ใงใ€ใชใœใ€
17:04
how, how much, how many, how often, okay? These are all what are called question words,
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ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใ€ใ„ใใคใ€ใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎ้ ปๅบฆใงใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆ็–‘ๅ•่ฉžใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎ
17:11
but if you have one of these question words, all you have to do, it's really easy, the
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ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็–‘ๅ•่ฉžใŒ 1 ใคใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใฏใ€้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
17:17
only thing you have to do is to put that question word right before this structure. So, "Where
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ใใฎ็–‘ๅ• ่ฉžใ‚’ใ“ใฎๆง‹้€ ใฎ็›ดๅ‰ใซ็ฝฎใใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใฉใ“ใง
17:27
do you work?", right? When do you work? Why do you work? How much do you work? How often
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ๅƒใ„ใฆใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸใ€ใฃใฆใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ„ใคๅƒใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใชใœๅƒใใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎ้ ปๅบฆใง
17:36
do you work? But we're keeping the same structure and we still need to have that helping verb
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ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใฏๅŒใ˜ ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’็ถญๆŒใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ใใฎๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉž
17:42
"do". The same down here: Where does he work? When does she work? Okay? So, keep that structure
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ใ€Œdoใ€ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ๅฝผใฏใฉใ“ใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ„ใคๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’็ถญๆŒใ—
17:51
and even if you have a question word, don't worry, just put it at the beginning. So, here
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ใ€็–‘ๅ•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ ใงใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซ็ฝฎใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“
17:57
we have some examples: Where do you live? What do you do? Okay?
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ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™: ใฉใ“ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ่ทๆฅญใฏใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
18:04
But the most important thing to remember is this part, okay? He works. She works. It works.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใในใๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใฏใ€ ใ“ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ๅฝผใฏๅƒใใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใŒๅƒใใ€‚ ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
18:14
This is the only place in the entire board where we're adding an "s" to the verb itself.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ๅ…จไฝ“ ใงๅ‹•่ฉž่‡ชไฝ“ใซใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™ใ€‚
18:21
Everywhere else, we're just using the base form of the verb, right? So, let's say our
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ใใ‚Œไปฅๅค–ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅŽŸๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ‚ˆ ใญ? ใงใฏใ€
18:27
verb is "to work". So, here it's "work". I work, I don't work, Do you work? He works,
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ€Œๅƒใใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใ€ŒใŠไป•ไบ‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ ๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€็งใฏๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅฝผใฏๅƒใใพใ™ใ€
18:36
here it's different, but after that, it goes back to the base form of the verb, right?
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ใ“ใ“ใฏ้•ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใฎๅพŒ ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅŽŸๅฝขใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
18:42
He doesn't work. Does he work? So even though with he, she, and it in the positive sentence
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ๅฝผใฏๅƒใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏๅƒใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ he, she, and it ใฎๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚ใ€่‚ฏๅฎšๆ–‡
18:49
we add the "s", but here in the negative, no, go back to the base form and in the question,
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ใงใฏใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏๅฆๅฎšๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€ ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ๅŸบๆœฌๅฝขใซๆˆปใ‚Šใ€่ณชๅ•
18:56
go back to the base form of the word "work", but you do need to remember that in that positive
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ใงใฏๅ˜่ชžใฎๅŸบๆœฌๅฝขใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™" ไป•ไบ‹ใ€ ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใฎ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชๆ–‡ใซใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
19:02
sentence, add the "s", okay? So, that's the structure of the present simple tense. It's
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ใญใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ ใŒ็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎๆง‹้€ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ
19:09
really pretty straightforward, you just need to practice it and you will get it.
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ใฏ้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ใŸใ  ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใง็ฟ’ๅพ—ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
19:15
Now, let's look at some of the spelling changes we need to make in the present simple tense.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใง่กŒใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚นใƒšใƒซใฎๅค‰ๆ›ดใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ๅ…ˆ
19:20
We only need to make those changes, as I mentioned earlier, when we're using he, she, or it,
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ใซ่ฟฐในใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅค‰ๆ›ดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎ ใฏใ€ๅฝผใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใพใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
19:28
because, for example, we say "I work" but "He works", right? So what was the spelling
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ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงๅฟ…่ฆใ ใฃใŸใ‚นใƒšใƒซใฎๅค‰ๆ›ดใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใŸ
19:35
change we needed there? We had to add an "s". And most of the time, with most verbs, all
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ใ‹? ใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใง
19:42
you need to do is add that "s". For example, dance becomes dances. You can say it after
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ใฏใ€ใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงๆธˆใฟใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใƒ€ใƒณใ‚นใฏใƒ€ใƒณใ‚นใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฎๅพŒใซใ‚‚่จ€ใฃใฆ
19:52
me as well, okay? Cook - cooks. Sleep - sleeps. Alright? So there, all we did, we just added
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ใญใ€‚ ใ‚ฏใƒƒใ‚ฏ - ๆ–™็†ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็œ ใ‚‹ - ็œ ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๅคงไธˆๅคซ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใŸใกใŒใ‚„ใฃใŸใฎใฏใ€
20:06
the "s" for the he, she, or it.
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ๅฝผใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใพใŸใฏใใ‚Œใฎใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
20:10
Next, if the verb ends with an s, or an sh, or a ch, or an x, then we need to add "es".
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ๆฌกใซใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ sใ€sh ใ€chใ€x ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œesใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:27
And we can almost hear it, okay? Just listen. For example, kiss - kisses. You see that we're
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉใใ‚Œใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใŸใ ่žใ„ใฆใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ญใ‚น - ใ‚ญใ‚นใ€‚
20:36
hearing "kisses" "es" a little bit - it's a little bit longer, so that tells us we need
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ใ€Œkissesใ€ใ€Œesใ€ใŒๅฐ‘ใ—่žใ“ใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฐ‘ใ—้•ทใ„ใฎใง
20:44
to add an "es". The next one, wash becomes washes. Teach - teaches. Fix - fixes. Okay?
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ใ€ใ€Œesใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆฌกใฏใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใŒใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใซใชใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ - ๆ•™ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ไฟฎๆญฃ - ไฟฎๆญฃใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
21:02
So, that's another change. Another one is verbs ending in a consonant and y. What do
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅˆฅใฎๅค‰ๆ›ดใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฏ ใ€ๅญ้Ÿณใจ y ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ
21:12
I mean by that? If we look at this verb: study, it ends with a y, right? And just before the
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ใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใ‚‹ใจใ€study ใฏ y ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆใ€
21:20
y, we have a consonant. What's a consonant? Anything that's not a vowel is a consonant.
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y ใฎ็›ดๅ‰ใซๅญ้ŸณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅญ้Ÿณใจใฏ๏ผŸ ๆฏ้Ÿณใงใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ™ในใฆๅญ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
21:29
So, what's a vowel? A vowel in English is a, e, i, o, or u. Everything else: b, d, g,
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ใงใฏใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณใจใฏ๏ผŸ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใฏ ใ€aใ€eใ€iใ€oใ€ใพใŸใฏ u ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไป–ใฎใ™ในใฆ: bใ€dใ€gใ€
21:40
x, etc., these are all consonants. So, d is a consonant. Or here, in the word try, we
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x ใชใฉใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆๅญ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€d ใฏๅญ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใฎtryใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใซ
21:49
have a y and before that, we have a consonant, right? So, what happens in those cases? We
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ใฏใ€yใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใฎๅ‰ใซๅญ้ŸณใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
21:55
have to drop that last y and we have to add "ies". You've probably seen this lots of times,
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ y ใ‚’ๅ‰Š้™คใ—ใ€ใ€Œiesใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
22:05
okay, but this is actually what's happening. So, study becomes studies. Try becomes tries,
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ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™. ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅ‹‰ๅผทใฏๅ‹‰ๅผทใซใชใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใƒˆใƒฉใ‚คใฏใƒˆใƒฉใ‚คใซใชใ‚‹
22:16
okay? You'll get it, you'll see. Fry - fries, right? Like French fries, okay? Alright.
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ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚ค - ใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‰ใƒใƒ†ใƒˆ ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‰ใƒใƒ†ใƒˆใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใญ๏ผŸ ๅคงไธˆๅคซใ€‚
22:24
So, then, last of all, there are some other verbs. They're usually irregular verbs, okay?
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ไป–ใฎ ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ้€šๅธธใฏไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
22:32
These are the most common patterns, but there are a few verbs where the ending might be
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใงใ™ใŒ ใ€่ชžๅฐพใŒไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎๅฝขใง็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ„ใใค
22:40
different in one way or another, okay? Sometimes the verb really changes and you have to pay
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ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใซๆณจๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
22:46
attention to that. You may be familiar with many of these already, but here are a few
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ใ€‚ ใ™ใงใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅคšใใซ็ฒพ้€šใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ
22:50
examples. Go becomes like "I go", "He goes". "I do", "She does". "I have", "It has". So
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ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆฌกใซ็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ›ฒ็ขใฏใ€Œ็งใŒ่กŒใใ€ใ€ŒๅฝผใŒ่กŒใใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚
23:07
you see that in some cases, the verb changed completely, okay? So these are the most common
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ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๅฎŒๅ…จใซๅค‰ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใญใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ
23:13
patterns for spelling changes in the present simple tense.
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็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚นใƒšใƒซๅค‰ๆ›ดใฎๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใงใ™ ใ€‚
23:18
Now, let's look at how to give short answers in English. See, in real conversation, when
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง็Ÿญใ„็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๅ‡บใ™ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใปใ‚‰ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎไผš่ฉฑใงใฏใ€
23:25
someone asks you a question, we don't usually repeat the whole question in our answer. We
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€็งใŸใกใฏ้€šๅธธ ใ€็ญ”ใˆใฎไธญใง่ณชๅ•ๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ™ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.
23:32
just give what's called like a short answer. Let me give you an example. If someone says,
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ใ„ใ‚ใ‚†ใ‚‹็Ÿญใ„็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๅ‡บใ™ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ
23:39
"Do they need help?", then you can just say, in short, either "Yes, they do" or "No, they
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ใ€ŒๅŠฉใ‘ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใง็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่จ€ใˆใพใ™
23:50
don't". So, we do not have to say "Yes, they need help", right? You don't have to repeat
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ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ ๅŠฉใ‘ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใใฎ่ณชๅ•ๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
23:57
that whole question. You just give what's called the short answer. And how do you know
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ใ€‚ ใ„ใ‚ใ‚†ใ‚‹็Ÿญใ„็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๅ‡บใ™ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€
24:03
how to shorten it? It's really easy. So, if the question starts with "Do", like this,
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿญ็ธฎใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใจใฆใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏ ใ€่ณชๅ•ใŒใ€ŒDoใ€ใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Š
24:11
right? Then your answer will include some form of "do" or "don't", depending on if it's
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ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ๆฌกใซใ€่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชๆ–‡ใ‹ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ–‡ใ‹ใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€็ญ”ใˆใซไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎ ๅฝขๅผใฎใ€Œใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใพใ™
24:20
a positive sentence or a negative one. So, we see here "Do they need help?" "Yes they
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅŠฉใ‘ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€
24:28
do.", right? Or "No, they don't." Alright? So, the "do", the way the question starts
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ๅคงไธˆๅคซ๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่ณชๅ•ใฎ
24:37
is the way you will be able to answer it, alright. It's really pretty simple, it really
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ๅง‹ใพใ‚Šๆ–นใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ• ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซ
24:44
is. The important thing to remember is that in the affirmative or positive answer, we
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใในใ้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจ ใฏใ€่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใพใŸใฏ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใช็ญ”ใˆใงใฏใ€
24:52
cannot shorten it, okay? There is no way to shorten that correctly. So here, we have to
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿญใใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™. ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใ็Ÿญ็ธฎใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ
24:59
say "Yes, they do", but here we can use the short form, or that contraction that we learned,
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ใ€ŒYes, they doใ€ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ ็œ็•ฅๅฝขใ€ใพใŸใฏๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใŸ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€
25:06
and you can say "No, they don't". Alright?
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ใ€ŒNo, they don'tใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅคงไธˆๅคซ๏ผŸ
25:10
Let's look at another example. This time, I think you'll be able to apply the principle
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ไปŠๅ›ž ใฏใ€ๅŽŸๅ‰‡ใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†ใง้ฉ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
25:15
yourself. So, the question is "Does he speak French?". So, how did it start? With "does".
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ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใ€่ณชๅ•ใฏใ€Œๅฝผใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ— ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใงใ€‚
25:24
So, what are our options? "Yes, he does.", right? Or "No, he doesn't." Okay? Again, the
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใŸใกใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใใ† ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ๅฝผใฏใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€
25:38
"does" is used in the short answer. "Yes, he does." "No, he doesn't." Got it? Alright.
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ใ€Œdoesใ€ใฏ็Ÿญใ„ๅ›ž็ญ”ใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใฏใ„ ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ๅฝผใฏใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ใจใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๅคงไธˆๅคซใ€‚
25:49
So, based on that, you can see that you could answer any question that someone's asking
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ธใพใˆใ‚‹ใจใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ
25:55
you in present simple by just listening carefully to the question, but you do have to pay attention
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซๅฐ‹ใญใŸ่ณชๅ•ใฏใ€ใใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใใ ใ‘ใง็พๅœจใฎ็ฐกๅ˜ ใช่ณชๅ•ใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ไธป้กŒใซๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
26:01
also to the subject here. So for example, in this last one, "Do you like this song?",
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. ไพ‹ใˆใฐ ใ€ใ“ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใ€Œใ“ใฎๆ›ฒใฏๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ€Œใ“ใฎๆ›ฒใฏๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ
26:08
somebody asks you, "Do you like this song?". So your answer - they're asking you, so you
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ๅฐ‹ใญใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ญ”ใˆ - ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๅฐ‹ใญใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง
26:15
can't say "Yes, you", you have you say "Yes, I". "Yes, I do", the "do" comes into play
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ใ€ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€็งใ€ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ€ŒYes, I doใ€ใ€ใ€Œdoใ€ใŒ
26:24
again, or "No, I don't." So again, you do see the same principle applied all the way.
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ๅ†ใณไฝœ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€ŒNo, I don'tใ€ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใŒใ€ๅŒใ˜ๅŽŸๅ‰‡ใŒใšใฃใจ้ฉ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
26:34
And again, remember, in the positive form, you cannot shorten it, but in the negative
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชๅฝขใง ใฏ็Ÿญใใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใช
26:39
form you can and you should shorten it because that's how we normally speak, and these short
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ๅฝขใงใฏ็Ÿญใใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ็งใŸใกใŒ้€šๅธธ่ฉฑใ™ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็Ÿญใ„
26:47
answers are used a lot in normal conversation, so it would be a good idea for you to learn
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็ญ”ใˆใฏ้€šๅธธใฎไผš่ฉฑใงๅคšใไฝฟ็”จ ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€็Ÿญใใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅญฆใถใฎใฏ่‰ฏใ„่€ƒใˆใงใ™.
26:51
them and it's really pretty fast and I think you might have already learned them. So, do
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‹ใชใ‚Š้€Ÿใ„ ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ™ใงใซใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™. ใใ‚Œใงใ€
26:56
you understand? You could say "Yes, I do!" I hope that's what you said, okay? Alright.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™๏ผใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅคงไธˆๅคซใ€‚
27:05
Now, let's look at some common mistakes that students often make when they start using
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ใงใฏใ€ๅญฆ็”ŸใŒ็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ‚ˆใ็Šฏใ—ใŒใกใช้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆ
27:10
the present simple tense, and this way you'll know what to be careful of so that you don't
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ใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ“ใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ใ“ใฎ็จฎใฎ้–“้•ใ„ ใ‚’ใ—ใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใซๆณจๆ„ใ™ในใใ‹ใŒ
27:16
make these kind of mistakes, alright? Let's look. So usually the mistakes are of four
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใ‚ˆใ†ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้€šๅธธใ€้–“้•ใ„ใซใฏ 4 ใคใฎ
27:23
different kinds. Sometimes, the mistake is in the tense itself. So remember we mentioned
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็•ฐใชใ‚‹็จฎ้กžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ™‚ๅˆถ่‡ชไฝ“ใซ้–“้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
27:29
at the beginning that there can be present simple and present continuous, and that present
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ๅ†’้ ญใงใ€็พๅœจๅฝข ใจ็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็พๅœจๅฝข
27:35
simple is for something permanent and present continuous is for something temporary. So
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ใฏๆฐธ็ถš็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่กจใ—ใ€็พๅœจ ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใฏไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่กจใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใฎ
27:42
sometimes, learners get mixed up between these two tenses. So, let's say in this example
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ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅญฆ็ฟ’่€…ใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎ้–“ใงๆททไนฑใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎไพ‹
27:49
that this person lives in Tokyo, right? It's not just for a little while, it's where that
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ใงใ€ใ“ใฎไบบใŒๆฑไบฌใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใปใ‚“ใฎๅฐ‘ใ—ใฎ้–“ใงใฏใชใใ€ใใฎ
27:57
person lives. So, if that person said "I am living in Tokyo", that would be wrong. If
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ไบบใŒ็”Ÿใใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใฎไบบใŒใ€Œ็งใฏๆฑไบฌใซ ไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
28:04
that's where the person stays permanently, he or she should say "I live in Tokyo". They
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ใใฎไบบใŒๆฐธไฝใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใชใ‚‰ใ€ ใ€Œ็งใฏๆฑไบฌใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ในใใงใ™ใ€‚
28:13
could say "I am living in Tokyo" only if it's something temporary, alright? So, that is
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ใ€Œๆฑไบฌใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใฏ ใ€ไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใชใ“ใจใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๅฝข
28:20
one mistake that's sometimes made with the present simple, that confusion between it
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ใจ็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใ‚’ๆททๅŒใ—ใฆใ€ๆ™‚ใ€…็Šฏใ™้–“้•ใ„ใฎ 1 ใค
28:26
and present continuous. Now, let's look at another kind of mistake. That's when a mistake
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ ๅˆฅใฎ็จฎ้กžใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ
28:32
is made with the verb form. You'll find it because now you're good at this, okay? Ready,
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ใฏใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅฝขใ‚’้–“้•ใˆใŸใจใใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅพ—ๆ„ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰่ฆ‹ใคใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€
28:39
let's read. These are all mistakes, okay, so these are all wrong, we're going to correct
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่ชญใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆ้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ˆใ— ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
28:43
them together. The sentence right now says "We likes to travel." So, the verb is wrong.
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ใ€‚ไธ€็ท’ใซไฟฎๆญฃใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠใฎๆ–‡ใฏ ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏๆ—…่กŒใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
28:52
What should it be? "We like to travel". Say it after me: We like to travel. Good. Here's
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ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏๆ—…่กŒใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€ใ€‚ ็งใฎๅพŒใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผš็งใŸใกใฏๆ—…่กŒใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ ่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ
29:04
a mistake, the same thing in the verb form, but in a negative sentence: "They doesn't
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ใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅฝขใงใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ ใŒใ€ๅฆๅฎšๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
29:11
eat vegetables." That's wrong, you know that. What should it be? "They don't eat vegetables".
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้‡Ž่œใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ้‡Ž่œใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
29:24
Say it after me: "They don't eat vegetables". Good. And here's a mistake in the question:
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็งใฎๅพŒใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผšใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ้‡Ž่œใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ€‚ ่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ณชๅ•ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™๏ผš
29:32
"Does you talk to him often?" That's wrong. We can't say that. We need to say what? "Do
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใจใ‚ˆใ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ "
29:43
you". Say it after me: "Do you talk to him often?" Good. Alright? So those are verb form
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ"ใ€‚ ็งใฎๅพŒใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใจ ใ‚ˆใ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚ ๅคงไธˆๅคซ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžๅฝขๅผ
29:52
kind of mistakes. Another mistake that's possible is in spelling. We looked at the many kinds
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ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎ้–“้•ใ„ ใฏใ€ใ‚นใƒšใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็จฎ้กž
29:59
of spelling, right, and you need to make the changes. So here, the person wrote "She trys
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ใฎใ‚นใƒšใƒซใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใใฎไบบใฏใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ
30:04
to save money", but the spelling of the verb is incorrect, because here it's a y and before
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ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’็ฏ€็ด„ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจๆ›ธใใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใคใฅใ‚Š ใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ y ใงใ€
30:11
that it's a consonant, remember? So what should it be? "Tries". They had to drop that "y"
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ใใฎๅ‰ใฏๅญ้Ÿณใชใฎใงใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใ‚ใ‚‹ในใ ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œใƒˆใƒฉใ‚คใ€ใ€‚ ใใฎใ€Œyใ€ใ‚’ๅ‰Š้™คใ—ใฆ
30:19
and add "ies". So, you'll pick up those spelling changes, okay? Just pay attention when you're
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ใ€Œiesใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚นใƒšใƒซใฎๅค‰ๆ›ดใ‚’ๆ‹พใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆ ใญ๏ผŸ
30:24
reading and so on and it'll come to you unnaturally.
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่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ใชใฉใซๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ€ไธ่‡ช็„ถใซ้ ญใซๆตฎใ‹ใณใพใ™ใ€‚
30:28
Next, sometimes an entire word is missing. So, let's look at this one. This is a question:
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ๆฌกใซใ€ๅ˜่ชžๅ…จไฝ“ใŒๆฌ ่ฝใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
30:36
"What time you finish work?". It almost sounds right, but it's not. It's wrong. Grammatically
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ใ€Œไฝ•ๆ™‚ใซไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใปใจใ‚“ใฉๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆ ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
30:44
in English, that's wrong. Can you understand it? Yes, you can understand it, but it's still
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็†่งฃใงใใพใ™ ใ‹๏ผŸ ใฏใ„ใ€็†่งฃใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚
30:51
wrong. So, how do we correct it? Did you find the mistake? So we should say "What time do
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้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฟฎๆญฃใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ ้–“้•ใ„ใฏ่ฆ‹ใคใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ— ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œไฝ•ๆ™‚ใซ
31:02
you finish work?". So, what was missing was that helping word, okay, that helping verb,
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ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ในใใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ๆฌ ใ‘ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใฏ ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ—ใŸ
31:08
remember, we do have to add that even if you have a question word here like "what time",
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ใ€‚ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซใ€Œไฝ•ๆ™‚ใ€ใชใฉใฎ็–‘ๅ•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
31:15
alright? "What time do you finish work?". So, these are the four main kinds of mistakes
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œไป•ไบ‹ใฏไฝ•ๆ™‚ใซ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆณจๆ„ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใช 4 ใคใฎไธปใช็จฎ้กžใฎ้–“้•ใ„
31:21
that you have to be careful of. In tense, using the wrong tense, using the wrong verb
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆ™‚ๅˆถใง ใ€้–“้•ใฃใŸๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ€้–“้•ใฃใŸๅ‹•่ฉž
31:26
form, making any kind of spelling mistakes, or leaving out an essential verb or helping
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ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹็จฎ้กžใฎใ‚นใƒšใƒซใƒŸใ‚นใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ ใพใŸใฏ้‡่ฆใชๅ‹•่ฉžใพใŸใฏๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’
31:34
verb. Alright? That's it!
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้™คๅค–ใ™ใ‚‹. ๅคงไธˆๅคซ๏ผŸ ใใ‚ŒใงใŠใ—ใพใ„๏ผ
31:37
You've been learning a lot, so now it's time to practice. Let's get started.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใงใใŸใฎใงใ€ไปŠๅบฆ ใฏๅฎŸ่ทตใ™ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
31:42
Number 1: I take, but he ________. What would you say in present simple? I take, he takes,
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็•ชๅท1๏ผš็งใฏๅ–ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ๅฝผใฏ________ใ€‚ ็พๅœจๅฝขใงไฝ•ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ็งใŒๅ–ใ‚‹ใ€ๅฝผใŒๅ–ใ‚‹ใ€
31:56
right? You have to add that "s" there, right? Very good.
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ๅณ๏ผŸ ใใ“ใซใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใจใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
32:02
Now, let's work it the other way.
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ใงใฏใ€ๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝœๆฅญใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
32:04
Number 2: She does, We _______. Do you know it? We do. Very good.
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็•ชๅท 2: ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใ†ใ—ใพใ™ใ€็งใŸใก________ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃ ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ็งใŸใกใฏใใ†ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
32:15
Number 3: You enjoy. She ______. Yes, I can hear you. She enjoys. Very good. Alright
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3ไฝ๏ผšใŠๆฅฝใ—ใฟใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณ ______ใ€‚ ใฏใ„ใ€ ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆฅฝใ—ใ‚€ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
32:31
Now, let's make some phrases negative, alright, so we're going from positive to negative.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซ ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
32:38
Number 4: They study. They ________________. Use the contraction. They don't study. Right?
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ใใฎ4๏ผšๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ ________________ใ€‚ ๅŽ็ธฎใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ
32:53
"Don't" being short for what? Do not. Right, you've got it.
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ใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใฏไฝ•ใฎ็•ฅใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ—ใชใ„ใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
32:58
Number 5: The next one. He sings. Make it negative. He ________________. Yes, He doesn't
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5ไฝ๏ผšๆฌกใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏๆญŒใ†ใ€‚ ใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผ ________________ใ€‚ ใฏใ„ใ€ๅฝผใฏๆญŒใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“
33:15
sing. "Doesn't" is short for what? Does not. Very good.
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใฏไฝ•ใฎ็•ฅใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
33:21
Now, let's make some questions. So, let's read the sentence first.
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ใงใฏใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใจใ„ใ† ใ“ใจใงใ€ใพใšใฏๆ–‡ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
33:25
Number 6: She wants to buy a new phone.
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็•ชๅท 6: ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
33:30
How would we ask the question? What's the helping verb you have to use, helping word?
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ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ณชๅ•ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝฟใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
33:36
Do, or does, giving you a clue there. Here, it's "She", so we have to say, "Does she want
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ใใ“ใซๆ‰‹ใŒใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใชใฎใงใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณ
33:50
to buy a new phone?" Okay, so remember, we come back to the base form of the verb and
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ใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’่ฒทใ„ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅŽŸๅฝขใซๆˆปใ‚Šใ€
33:57
we have to use "do" or "does", but because it's she, we're saying "does". "Does she want
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ใ€Œdoใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œdoesใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏๅฝผๅฅณใชใฎใงใ€ใ€Œdoesใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™. ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณ
34:03
to buy a new phone?" Okay? Good.
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ใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’่ฒทใ„ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
34:07
Let's do the last one.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
34:08
Number 7: They sell books online. Ask a question about that. Again, what are you going to start
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7: ใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใงๆ›ธ็ฑใ‚’่ฒฉๅฃฒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ณชๅ•ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚‰
34:17
with? "Do" this time, right. "Do they sell books online?", right? Okay? Why "do"? Because
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ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ไปŠๅ›žใฏใ€Œใ‚„ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆœฌใ‚’ใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใง่ฒฉๅฃฒใ—ใฆ ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ‹? ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใชใœใ‹"๏ผŸ
34:30
now we're talking about they. And why "does" here? Because we were talking about "she",
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ไปŠใ€็งใŸใกใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใชใœใ“ใ“ใงใ€Œใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใฎ ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ‹ใ‚‰
34:35
alright.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
34:36
So, if you got those right, that's great! If you got any wrong, maybe you can go back
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™๏ผ ้–“้•ใˆใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅพŒใงๆˆปใฃใฆ
34:42
later and check those parts, but we're going to practice some more, we're going to learn
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œ ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆ
34:46
a little bit more, and you'll get it for sure by the end of this, okay. Stick with me.
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ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใพใงใซ็ขบๅฎŸใซ็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ€ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€‚ ็งใซๅ›บๅŸทใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
34:52
To review: you know the present simple tense when you know when you use it, which we talked
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ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏ: ็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ ใ„ใคไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ
34:58
about, and how to use it. And how do you know that you know how to use it? When you can
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่ฉฑใ—ใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
35:04
do these things: you can make a positive sentence, a negative sentence, and a question. For example,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจใ€่‚ฏๅฎšๆ–‡ ใ€ๅฆๅฎšๆ–‡ใ€็–‘ๅ•ๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
35:13
you should be able to say easily "They live in Amsterdam." or "They don't live in Amsterdam."
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ขใƒ ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒซใƒ€ใƒ ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใฏใš ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ขใƒ ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒซใƒ€ใƒ ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
35:21
or "Do they live in Amsterdam?". You should be able to switch easily and comfortably and
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ขใƒ ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒซใƒ€ใƒ ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€. ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ 3 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ ็ฐกๅ˜ใ‹ใคๅฟซ้ฉใซใ€ใ™ใฐใ‚„ใๆญฃ็ขบใซๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใฏใš
35:28
quickly and correctly between these three sentences, okay?
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
35:33
So, remember, this is the present simple tense, but this is an entire series that we have
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่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็พๅœจใฎๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใ™ ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกใŒๆŒใฃใฆ
35:40
of English tenses, so from the present simple, you can go to the next class which is on the
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ใ„ใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎใ‚ทใƒชใƒผใ‚บๅ…จไฝ“ใชใฎใงใ€็พๅœจใฎๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็พๅœจ ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใฎๆฌกใฎใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใซ่กŒใใ“ใจ
35:46
present continuous tense, and that way you can take your English forward step by step,
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ใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไธ€ๆญฉไธ€ๆญฉๅ‰ใซ
35:53
alright? And if you'd like a little more practice on this tense, the present simple tense, go
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้€ฒใ‚ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ€็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
35:58
to www.engvid.com , alright? Thank you very much for watching, I know you're a serious
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ใ€ www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็œŸ้ข็›ฎใช
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student, and I know you're going to make good progress.
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ๅญฆ็”Ÿใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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