English Grammar - Tenses overview - present, past, future, simple, continuous, progressive, perfect!

685,263 views

2010-06-29 ใƒป Learn English with Rebecca


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English Grammar - Tenses overview - present, past, future, simple, continuous, progressive, perfect!

685,263 views ใƒป 2010-06-29

Learn English with Rebecca


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi, my name is Rebecca and today we're going to do an overview of English verb tenses.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใƒฌใƒ™ใƒƒใ‚ซใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎๆฆ‚่ฆใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:15
A lot of students are, of course, quite confused by the number of different tenses we have
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎๆ•ฐใซใ‹ใชใ‚Šๆททไนฑใ—ใฆใ„
00:20
in English and that's why I thought it would be helpful for you to have a look at all of
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€
00:25
them and see how they change, we're not going to discuss them in detail as to when you use
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใฉใ‚Œใ‚’ใ„ใคไฝฟใ†ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Ž
00:32
which one, we're just going to take one sentence, one sample sentence and one sample verb and
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ใ—ใพใ™.1ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ€1ใคใฎใ‚ตใƒณใƒ—ใƒซๆ–‡ใ€1ใคใฎใ‚ตใƒณใƒ—ใƒซๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใ€
00:38
run it through all of the tenses so you have an idea of what they are and what's an example
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ใ™ในใฆใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ™. ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใฎไพ‹
00:45
of each one and also how it sounds and looks in each of the different verb tenses, okay?
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ใจใ€็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใงใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
00:53
So let's start to look at some examples now.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:58
So the first tense is the present simple, an example of this is "I work".
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใฏๅ˜็ด”็พๅœจๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใฏใ€ใ€ŒI workใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:05
The example verb that we're going to use throughout this exercise is the verb "to work".
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ใ“ใฎๆผ”็ฟ’ใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไพ‹ใฏใ€ใ€Œๅƒใใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
01:12
So present simple would be "I work".
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็พๅœจใฎใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใฏใ€ŒI workใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:16
Present continuous would be "I am working".
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็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใฏใ€ŒI am workingใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:23
Past simple of that would be "I worked", "Yesterday I worked all day".
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ใใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใฏใ€Œ็งใฏๅƒใ„ใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅ็งใฏไธ€ๆ—ฅไธญๅƒใ„ใŸใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:32
Past continuous would be "I was working", "I was working when you called me".
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้ŽๅŽป้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใฏใ€ŒI was workingใ€ใ€ŒI was working when you call meใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:42
Future simple would be "I will work" or sometimes "I'm going to work" and future progressive
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ๆœชๆฅๅ˜็ด”ใฏใ€ŒI will workใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€ŒI'm going to workใ€ใงใ€ๆœชๆฅ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝข
01:53
would be "I will be working", alright?
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ใฏใ€ŒI will be workingใ€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
01:58
So the important point is in order to communicate almost anything in English, you can actually
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้‡่ฆใชใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใฏใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ™ในใฆใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่‹ฑ่ชžใงไผใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ
02:06
use just three of these tenses, the present simple, the past simple and what we call the
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ใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎใ†ใก 3 ใคใ ใ‘ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๅฝขใ€้ŽๅŽปๅ˜็ด”ๅฝขใ€ใใ—ใฆ
02:15
future which is basically future simple.
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ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซๆœชๆฅๅ˜็ด”ๅฝขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๆœชๆฅใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
02:18
So in other words, you can really say everything you need to say if you master these three
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎ 3 ใคใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใฏใ™ในใฆ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™
02:22
tenses.
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ใ€‚
02:23
So make that your goal first, alright?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆœ€ๅˆใซ็›ฎๆจ™ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใญใ€‚
02:27
With that, you should be able to say everything.
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ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ™ในใฆใ‚’่ชžใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
02:30
So if you can say everything with that, why do we have all of these other tenses?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใงใ™ในใฆใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใชใœ็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎไป–ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹?
02:34
Well we have them because they specify specific periods of time when certain things happened,
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็‰นๅฎšใฎใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆœŸ้–“ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
02:42
alright?
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ใญใ€‚
02:43
And they give us more precise information about when certain events took place.
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ใพใŸใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใŒใ„ใค็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใŸใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆญฃ็ขบใชๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
02:49
That's why we have all of these different tenses but what I'm trying to do is to help
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ใ™ในใฆๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใŒใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€
02:53
you to understand which tenses to master first and then from there you can expand your English
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ๆœ€ๅˆใซใฉใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ในใใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ
02:59
knowledge so that eventually you will be able to use all of the English tenses comfortably,
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็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚’ๅบƒใ’ใฆใ€ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใซใฏใ™ในใฆใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฏๅฟƒๅœฐใ‚ˆใ„ๆ™‚ๅˆถ
03:04
ok?
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ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
03:05
Now we're going to look at some of the more advanced tenses.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:09
As you may or may not know, these are known as the perfect tenses and even though they
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ใ”ๅญ˜ใ˜ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅฎŒๅ…จๆ™‚ๅˆถใจใ—ใฆ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œ
03:15
may not seem so perfect to you because they can be quite challenging, let's go through
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ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚้žๅธธใซ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฎŒ็’งใจใฏๆ€ใˆใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใ‚‡
03:20
them.
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ใ†ใ€‚
03:21
Again, we're going to use the same example "to work".
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅŒใ˜ไพ‹ใ‚’ใ€ŒๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:24
So present perfect would be "I have worked", "I have worked here for five years".
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใฏใ€Œ็งใฏๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใ“ใ“ใง 5 ๅนด้–“ๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:34
Present perfect continuous would be "I have been working", "I have been working all day
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏไธ€ๆ—ฅไธญๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใฆ
03:42
and I'm really tired".
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ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:45
Past perfect would be "I had worked", ok?
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้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ใฏใ€Œ็งใฏๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใŸใ€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
03:50
There are some special rules about how to use the past perfect.
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้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใซใฏใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ็‰นๅˆฅใชใƒซใƒผใƒซใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:54
You need to study those.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:57
Past perfect continuous is "I had been working".
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้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใฏใ€ŒI had been workingใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:04
Future perfect would be "I will have worked".
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ๆœชๆฅๅฎŒไบ†ใฏใ€ŒI will have workingใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:10
And the last one, future perfect continuous is "I will have been working".
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๆœชๆฅๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใฏใ€ŒI will have been workingใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:17
So now this is a summary of the more advanced perfect tenses.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๅฎŒๅ…จๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎใพใจใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:21
If we look at everything that we've studied today, we've given you an overview of all
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ไปŠๆ—ฅๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎๆฆ‚่ฆใŒ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„
04:26
of the verb tenses.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:28
As I mentioned, the first six are the more basic ones, the ones you should master first.
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ๅ‰่ฟฐใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ 6 ใคใฏใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:34
The second set are more advanced tenses, but once you start to use them, you will see they
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใ™ใŒใ€ไฝฟใ„ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ
04:40
are quite useful, they're not annoying, I know they can be difficult to master.
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้žๅธธใซไพฟๅˆฉใงใ€็…ฉใ‚ใ—ใใชใใ€ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:46
From two points of view, you need to understand when to use them and you need to understand
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2 ใคใฎ่ฆณ็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ„ใคใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
04:51
how to use them, but just take it step by step, don't try to learn too many at one time,
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ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—ใง้€ฒใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ไธ€ๅบฆใซๅคšใใ‚’ๅญฆใณใ™ใŽใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:58
that would be confusing, don't do that, just learn one tense at a time and try to master
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ใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใฏใ—ใชใ„ใงใ€ไธ€ๅบฆใซ 1 ใคใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ๅญฆใณ
05:03
it with all of its words and vocabulary and rules and so on, you can do it, alright?
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ใ€ๅ˜่ชžใ‚„่ชžๅฝ™ใ€่ฆๅ‰‡ใชใฉใ‚’ใ™ในใฆใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ—ใฆใฟใ‚Œใฐใ€ใงใใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
05:10
So that's it for now, I hope this lesson helps you.
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ไปŠๅ›žใฏไปฅไธŠใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒใŠๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใฆใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:12
If you'd like more lessons in English, you can go to our website, www.engvid.com.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ”ๅธŒๆœ›ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅฝ“็คพใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:20
Thanks very much and good luck with your English, bye for now.
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ใฉใ†ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚่‹ฑ่ชžใง้ ‘ๅผตใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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