English Vocabulary: Many ways to use the word 'BACK'

155,271 views ・ 2015-10-14

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Hi. I'm Gill at www.engvid.com, and today we have a lesson on a little word "back".
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And this is in response to a request from Najma, who posted a comment on the www.engvid.com
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website. So, thank you, Najma, I hope you're watching. This is for you. Okay. So, the use
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of the word "back". It's a very common word; it's used all the time. And it's also used
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in different ways as different parts of speech. So it can be used as a noun, as an adjective,
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as an adverb, as a verb, and it can be used as part of a phrasal verb. So I'll be showing
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you examples of all of these. Okay?
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So, let's start with "back" used as a noun. Okay? So, for example, if you're talking about
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a friend of yours who, when they get on the bus, they always go to the back, they like
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to sit at the back. So: "He always sits at the back of the bus." You can tell it's a
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noun because it has "the" in front of it. "The back", okay? Right, so:
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"He always sits at the back of the bus."
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Second one, the back can be in a location, but you can also talk about my back, that's
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this, part of your body is your back at the back. So: "My back is itching!" Oo, ah, oo.
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I have to scratch. It's itching. Ah. Okay? "My back is itching." Okay? Useful word: "itching".
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It's probably not polite, though, to sort of scratch in public. So you have to be a
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bit careful about that. It's probably safe to scratch your back and to scratch your head
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up to a certain extent, but other parts of the body, maybe not a good idea in public.
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So, okay, better move on.
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Right, you're arranging to meet somebody and depending on whether you're in America or
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in another part of the world where English is spoken, you can either say:
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"I'll meet you in back of the building." That's the American way of using "back"
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or in the U.K., for example,
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we would say: "I will meet you behind the building." That means at the back, behind.
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It's a similar idea. So "in back of" is American. In the U.K., we say "behind". All right. So
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that's "back" as a noun.
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Moving on to "back" used as an adjective to describe something, a back something. Question:
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"Did you close the back door?" Okay? In your house, you might have a back door and a front
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door. This is the back door, the door at the back of the house, the back door. Okay? And
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also: "He's in the back room." So different rooms in the house, a room at the back is
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called "a back room" as an adjective. Okay. All right.
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Then moving on, using "back" as an adverb where it's sort of modifies a verb:
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"I'm going back home now." You can say: "I'm going home now."
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But going back home is like the idea
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of returning home. "I'm going back home now." To go back.
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Right? And, finally, in this section:
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"Our neighbours are back from holiday."
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So, that again is an adverb: "they are back from holiday".
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Okay, so we'll move on now to look at "back" used as a verb.
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Okay, so now let's have a look at "back" used as a verb. Right? So, for example:
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"The car was backing into the street." So the car was going backwards
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into the street, it was backing.
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So "to back" is what a car can do. Okay? Another way of backing somebody or something, if you
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say: "Don't worry - if you want to raise this issue with the boss I will back you." Meaning:
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I will support you. If there's a problem in the office, and your friend is a little bit
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unsure about whether to talk to the boss about it, they need a bit of support, you say:
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"I will back you." Meaning:
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"I will agree with you and say the same thing to the boss that you are saying."
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Okay? "I will back you", support you. And a similar idea of supporting:
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"The company will back the project." That usually means money, putting money into a
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project to make something happen, so "to back something" can be financial. Okay.
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And then if we move on to look at some phrasal verbs where "back" is used with another verb,
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there are different uses of that. So, for example, maybe somebody is saying something
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that you don't agree with, and rather than sometimes you might keep quiet and say:
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"Well, I'm not going to say anything. It could cause trouble",
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but sometimes you just have to say: "Well, actually, I don't think that's true."
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You're challenging the person. Disagreeing
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with them. So: "When I challenged her she backed down." It means she didn't keep saying:
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"Oh no, well, that is true." She didn't. She did the opposite. She sort of... It's like
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taking a step back and saying: "Oh, okay then, maybe I'm wrong. You may be right." So if
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you challenge somebody, they are either going to argue back or they're going to say:
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"Oh, okay then, whatever you say. I'm not going to argue." That's backing down, if you're
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sort of standing back from it. Okay?
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In computing, sometimes... Something I hardly ever do, very bad, but:
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"We need to back up these files."
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Meaning to make a copy of some files in case you lose the original copy on
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your computer, you have a backup copy. To back up some files on the computer is to make
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an extra copy, and maybe keep it somewhere else; on a disc, or a memory stick, or something
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for security. Okay? So "to back up". Now, if you have made an agreement with someone,
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but then they change their mind, they think: "Oh, no, I don't want to do that after all":
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"He wants to back out of the agreement." Meaning it's a bit like the car, backing out. He doesn't
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want to do this anymore; he wants to back out of the agreement. He doesn't want to do
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it. So going back away from it.
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And then, finally, just a simple one, I have lent my book to somebody:
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"She has forgotten to give me back my book."
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So "to give back" is a phrasal verb. This time, it's sort of
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split with "me" in the middle. That happens sometimes. You can't say: "She has forgotten
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to give back me my book." It's: "to give me back my book", so that is a little tricky,
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but that's how you say it.
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Okay, so I hope that's been a helpful overview of how the word "back" is used as different
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parts of speech. And if you'd like to do a quiz to test yourself on this, please go to
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the website at www.engvid.com and do the quiz. And if you'd like to subscribe to my channel
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on YouTube, that would be great. And hope to see you again soon. Okay. Bye for now.
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Oops, sorry. I forgot. Talking about forgetting, I missed one of my examples, so let's go back
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and have a look at it. Okay, this one. If two people are maybe arguing and you think:
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"Oh, they're going to be fighting in a minute. They'll be doing this", punching and fighting,
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you might say to one of them or both of them: "I think you should back off." "Back off"
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meaning both of you step back, away from each other, otherwise it could be [punches], like
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that, and not a good idea. So, I think you should back off, calm down, we don't want
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to fight. Let's make friends again once you calm down. So "back off", step back. Okay?
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That's it.
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