SIMPLE, COMPOUND, COMPLEX SENTENCES - with Examples, Exercises - Sentence Clause Structure - Grammar

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hey there, and welcome back.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:02
In this lesson, we're going to learn all about simple, compound and complex sentences.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ๋ฌธ, ๋ณตํ•ฉ๋ฌธ, ๋ณตํ•ฉ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:08
Many of you have asked me to do a lesson on this topic, so here we are.
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜์…จ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:12
Now, in this video, I'll show you the differences between these three types of sentences, and
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
00:17
there are exercises within the lesson for you to practice what you learn.
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์—ฐ์Šต ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ ˆ์Šจ ๋‚ด์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:23
So, let's begin.
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์ž, ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
So, what is a simple sentence?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:33
A simple sentence is just a sentence that contains a subject and a verb.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
For example, I am a teacher.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ €๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
Here, the subject is โ€œIโ€ and the verb is โ€œam.โ€
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” "I"์ด๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” "am"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
Here's another one: She took a cab to the airport.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํƒ์‹œ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ๊ณตํ•ญ์— ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ
00:49
Can you identify the subject and the verb here?
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์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
00:53
The subject is โ€œsheโ€ and the verb is โ€œtook.โ€
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์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” "she"์ด๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” "took"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
One more example: We're having pizza for dinner tonight.
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋” ์˜ˆ: ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋…์— ํ”ผ์ž๋ฅผ ๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:01
In this sentence, the subject is โ€œwe,โ€ and the verb is actually the phrase โ€œare
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” โ€œweโ€ ์ด๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค โ€œare
01:06
having.โ€
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haveโ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
It has two words: first, the auxiliary or the helping verb โ€œareโ€ and then the main
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ โ€œareโ€์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š”
01:12
verb โ€œhaving,โ€ but still, โ€œare havingโ€ is a phrase that acts as a single verb.
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์ฃผ๋™์‚ฌ โ€œhavingโ€์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ โ€œare havingโ€์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
So, in all of these sentences you see that they have a subject and a verb, so these are
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋“ค์€
01:24
simple sentences.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
Now, there's another name for a simple sentence, and that is an independent clause.
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์ž, ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
This means more or less the same thing as a simple sentence, but just remember that
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
01:36
it's another name for a simple sentence.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
01:39
So, what's a compound sentence then?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
01:41
Well, a compound sentence is just a sentence that has two independent clauses.
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์Œ, ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
We saw that a simple sentence has just one clause, but a compound sentence has two (or
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” ์ ˆ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ(
01:53
sometimes more) independent clauses.
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ)์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
Take a look at this example: I am a teacher.
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์ด ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ €๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
My wife is a lawyer.
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์ œ ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
What we have here is two separate independent clauses or simple sentences, and the problem
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋œ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์ ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ
02:07
with this is that it sounds choppy and disconnected when we say it like that: I am a teacher.
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๊ณ ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋‹จ์ ˆ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
My wife is a lawyer.
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์ œ ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
Instead, we can combine them like this: I am a teacher, and my wife is a lawyer.
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๋Œ€์‹  ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ  ์ œ ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
This sounds much better, and now we have one compound sentence with the two independent
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ž˜ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์ด์ œ
02:27
clauses connected by the conjunction โ€œand.โ€
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์ ‘์†์‚ฌ "and"๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
Here's another example: She tried to lift the suitcase.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์—ฌํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์„ ๋“ค์–ด ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:34
The suitcase was too heavy.
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์—ฌํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
We can combine these clauses using โ€œbutโ€: She tried to lift the suitcase, but it was
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” โ€œ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜โ€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ์ ˆ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์—ฌํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์„ ๋“ค์–ด ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:42
too heavy.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„
02:44
Notice that we have the word โ€œitโ€ in the second part.
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์— "it"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค .
02:47
Now, โ€œitโ€ is a pronoun that just refers to the suitcase.
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์ด์ œ "it"์€ ์—ฌํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์„
02:51
It makes the sentence sound better by avoiding repetition.
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ํ”ผํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:55
Next example: He didn't have enough cash.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ: ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
He paid by credit card.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์‹ ์šฉ ์นด๋“œ๋กœ ์ง€๋ถˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
We can connect these clauses using โ€œsoโ€: He didn't have enough cash, so he paid by
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” โ€œsoโ€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ์ ˆ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ด ์—†์–ด์„œ
03:06
credit card.
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์‹ ์šฉ ์นด๋“œ๋กœ ์ง€๋ถˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
One last example: We can take a bus to the museum.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์˜ˆ: ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์— ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:11
We can just walk there.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฑธ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
What we see here is two options; two different ways to get to the museum.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ต์…˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์— ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•.
03:19
We can connect these using โ€œorโ€: We can take a bus to the museum, or we can just walk
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"๋˜๋Š”"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์— ๊ฐ€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ฑธ์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:24
there.
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.
03:25
Now, the connecting words that you see in these examples, โ€œand,โ€ โ€œbut,โ€ โ€œso,โ€
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์ด์ œ ์ด ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด์ธ "and" "but" "so" "
03:31
โ€œor,โ€ etc.
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or" ๋“ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
These words are called coordinating conjunctions.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋“ฑ์œ„ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
That's a fancy word, but it just means that these are connecting words that connect two
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๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋‹จ์–ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋‘ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:41
independent clauses.
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.
03:44
And there's another important point here: you see that in all of the examples, when
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜ˆ์—์„œ
03:48
we connect the two independent clauses, we put a comma after the first clause.
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๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์ ˆ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ˆ ๋’ค์— ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
Now, this is the proper form: you write the first independent clause, then you put a comma
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ํ˜•์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ 
04:00
after it, and then a conjunction, and then you write the second clause.
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๊ทธ ๋’ค์— ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ˆ์„ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
Remember this rule.
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์ด ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
04:06
OK, we're going to practice this now.
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์ข‹์•„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ• ๊ฑฐ์•ผ.
04:08
You see five items on the screen.
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ํ™”๋ฉด์— 5๊ฐœ์˜ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ด ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
In each one, I want you to combine the simple sentences into one compound sentence.
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
Use a coordinating conjunction like โ€œand,โ€ โ€œbut,โ€ โ€œor,โ€ or โ€œsoโ€ to make the
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"and", " but", "or" ๋˜๋Š” "so"์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋“ฑ์œ„ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
04:22
compound sentence.
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๋ณตํ•ฉ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
Stop the video now, try the exercise, and then play the video again and check.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ  ์šด๋™์„ ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜์ƒ์„ ์žฌ์ƒํ•ด์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:30
OK, let's discuss them.
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์ข‹์•„, ํ† ๋ก ํ•˜์ž.
04:34
Number one: She dropped her phone on the floor, and it broke.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ: ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ ค ๊นจ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
Number two: I'm not very hungry, so I'll just have an orange juice.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ: ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ํ”„์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ ์˜ค๋ Œ์ง€ ์ฃผ์Šค๋งŒ ๋งˆ์‹ค๊ฒŒ์š”.
04:44
Three: You should study harder, or you'll fail the exam.
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์…‹์งธ, ๋” ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์‹œํ—˜์— ๋–จ์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
Four: We'd like to buy a car, but we can't afford one right now.
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4: ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ์€ ์‚ด ์—ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
And number five is a little tricky because there are three simple sentences or three
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  5๋ฒˆ์€ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ 3๊ฐœ์˜
04:59
independent clauses.
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๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
But we can connect them using coordinating conjunctions.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋“ฑ์œ„ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:04
I told my roommate to turn down the TV, but he didn't, so I got up and left.
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๋ฃธ๋ฉ”์ดํŠธ์—๊ฒŒ TV๋ฅผ ๋„๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
How many did you get right?
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ๋‚˜ ๋งž์ถ”์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
05:12
Alright, let's now move on and talk about complex sentences.
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค .
05:17
Here's a clause first: When I got home from work yesterday.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ˆ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด์ œ ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ์ง‘์— ๋Œ์•„์™”์„ ๋•Œ .
05:22
What do you notice about it?
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:23
Well, it has a subject โ€œIโ€ and a verb โ€œgot,โ€ but this clause is just not a complete
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์Œ, ์ฃผ์–ด "I"์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ "got"์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์ ˆ์€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ
05:31
sentence.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
And that's because if I say to you, โ€œWhen I got home from work,โ€ yesterday you will
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด์ œ "๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ‡ด๊ทผํ•ด์„œ ์ง‘์— ์™”์„ ๋•Œ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์€
05:38
ask, โ€œOK, what happened?
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"์ข‹์•„, ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด? "๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
What did you do?
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๋ญ ํ–ˆ์–ด?
05:41
So, you see this thought is not complete, so this is not an independent clause.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์™„์ „ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
This type of clause is called a dependent clause.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ ˆ์„ ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:52
To make it a complete sentence, you have to add an independent clause.
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์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
For example, When I got home from work yesterday, I watched TV for an hour.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์–ด์ œ ํ‡ด๊ทผํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง‘์— ์™€์„œ 1์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ TV๋ฅผ ๋ดค๋‹ค.
06:02
So, you see that there is a dependent clause and an independent clause, and now it's a
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ข…์†์ ˆ ๊ณผ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ
06:07
complete sentence.
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์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
And this type of sentence is called a complex sentence.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:12
Here are some more examples, but before I talk about them, in each one, I want you to
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๊ฐ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ
06:17
identify the dependent clause and the independent clause.
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์ข…์†์ ˆ๊ณผ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์ ˆ์„ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
Stop the video and try the exercise, then play the video again and continue.
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๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ค‘์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์šด๋™์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์žฌ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
06:28
Alright, in number two, โ€œI love to travelโ€ is the independent clause and โ€œbecause I
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์ž, 2๋ฒˆ์—์„œ "I love to travel"์€ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์ด๊ณ  "because I
06:36
get to meet a lot of interesting peopleโ€ is the dependent clause.
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get to meet a lot of Interest people"์€ ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
Now, in sentence number one, we saw that the dependent clause came first, and here in number
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์ด์ œ 1๋ฒˆ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ด ๋จผ์ € ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ 2๋ฒˆ์—์„œ๋Š”
06:46
two, the dependent clause comes second.
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์ข…์†์ ˆ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
Thatโ€™s OK.
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„.
06:50
In complex sentences, you can put the clauses in any order; that's no problem.
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๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ˆœ์„œ๋กœ๋“  ์ ˆ์„ ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ฌธ์ œ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
Alright, number three: โ€œEven though the exam was quite difficultโ€ is the dependent
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์ž, ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ: " ์‹œํ—˜์ด ๊ฝค ์–ด๋ ค์› ์ง€๋งŒ"์€
07:00
clause, and โ€œAll the students passedโ€ is the independent clause.
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์ข…์†์ ˆ์ด๊ณ  "๋ชจ๋“  ํ•™์ƒ์ด ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
And number four: โ€œLet me knowโ€ is independent, and โ€œif you need any helpโ€ is dependent.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  4๋ฒˆ: "์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”"๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ด๊ณ  "๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉด"์€ ์˜์กด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
And finally, number five: โ€œYou can't go out and playโ€ is the independent clause,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, โ€œ๋„ˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ ๋†€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด โ€๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์ด๊ณ 
07:17
and โ€œuntil you finish your homeworkโ€ is the dependent clause.
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โ€œ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์น  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€โ€๋Š” ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
Just remember that to decide whether a clause is dependent or independent, you ask the question,
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์ ˆ์ด ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ธ์ง€ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
07:28
โ€œCan this clause be a complete sentence on its own?โ€
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"์ด ์ ˆ์€ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?"๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
07:31
If it can be a complete sentence, then it's an independent clause, and if it cannot be
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์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์ด๊ณ ,
07:36
a complete sentence, then it's a dependent clause.
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์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉด ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:40
Now in all of these examples, you see that the dependent clauses start with a linking
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜ˆ์—์„œ ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ด
07:45
word like โ€œwhen,โ€ โ€œbecause,โ€ โ€œeven though,โ€ โ€œif,โ€ and โ€œuntil.โ€
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"when", "because", "even though", "if" ๋ฐ "until"๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
These words are conjunctions, but they're called subordinating conjunctions.
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์€ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ข…์† ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
The dependent clauses are also called subordinate clauses; it means the same thing, so the conjunctions
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์ข…์†์ ˆ์€ ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋Š”
08:02
are subordinating conjunctions.
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์ข…์† ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
If you remember from the previous section, we connected the independent clauses using
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์ด์ „ ์„น์…˜์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋“ฑ์œ„ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ–ˆ๊ณ 
08:10
coordinating conjunctions, and here we're using subordinating conjunctions.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์ข…์† ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
Now, there's one more thing I want you to notice here, and that is the use of commas.
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‰ผํ‘œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
In sentences 1 & 3, you see that there is a comma, but in sentences 2, 4 & 5 there's
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๋ฌธ์žฅ 1๊ณผ 3์—๋Š” ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์žฅ 2, 4, 5์—๋Š”
08:27
no comma.
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์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:28
And this is because in 1 & 3, the dependent clause comes first.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 1๊ณผ 3์—์„œ ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ด ๋จผ์ € ์˜ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
If the dependent clause comes first, we put a comma after it, and then we write the independent
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์ข…์†์ ˆ์ด ์•ž์— ์˜ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋’ค์— ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ฐ๊ณ  ๋…๋ฆฝ
08:39
clause.
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์ ˆ์„ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
But in 2, 4 & 5, an independent clause comes first.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 2, 4, 5์—์„œ๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์ด ๋จผ์ € ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
If that's the case, we don't put a comma after it.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋’ค์— ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:47
Now, if you want to learn more about punctuation and about the proper use of commas, I have
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์ด์ œ ๊ตฌ๋‘์ ๊ณผ ์‰ผํ‘œ์˜ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:52
a separate lesson just on that topic.
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ํ•ด๋‹น ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
It's called punctuation masterclass; I will leave a link in the description.
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๊ตฌ๋‘์  ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํด๋ž˜์Šค๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ค๋ช…๋ž€์— ๋งํฌ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋‘๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
You can go and check it out.
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๊ฐ€์…”์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ• 
09:01
There's another type of dependent clause that you need to know about, and that is the relative
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:07
clause.
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.
09:08
A relative clause uses a relative pronoun like โ€œwho,โ€ โ€œthat,โ€ โ€œwhich,โ€ etc.
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๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์€ "who", "that", "which" ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
09:14
For example, I know a guy who plays guitar in a rock band.
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, ์ €๋Š” ๋ก ๋ฐด๋“œ์—์„œ ๊ธฐํƒ€๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:19
This sentence is actually a combination of two sentences: I know a guy, and He plays
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . I know a guy์™€ He play
09:25
guitar in a rock band.
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guitar in a rock band.
09:27
Both of those are simple sentences, and we combine them using the relative pronoun โ€œwho.โ€
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด๊ณ , ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ โ€œwhoโ€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
So, โ€œwho plays guitar in a rock bandโ€ is a relative clause that gives us information
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ โ€œ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋ก ๋ฐด๋“œ์—์„œ ๊ธฐํƒ€๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€โ€๋Š”
09:39
about the guy.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
It tells you who that guy is.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
But, that clause is not a complete sentence, and so, it's a dependent clause.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ์ ˆ์€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
And the entire sentence is a complex sentence.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „์ฒด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:52
Here's another example: Synonyms are words that have similar meanings.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์˜์–ด๋Š” ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
Here, โ€œthat have similar meaningsโ€ is the relative clause.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ โ€œ๋œป์ด ๋น„์Šทํ•œโ€์€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
And one last example: The boss wants me to give a speech at the event, which is tomorrow.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์˜ˆ: ์ƒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด์ผ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ–‰์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์—ฐ์„คํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
Here, โ€œwhich is tomorrowโ€ is the relative clause.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ "๋‚ด์ผ์€"์ด ๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
10:11
Now, I'm not going to go into detail on relative clauses here because they're a big topic,
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๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์€ ํฐ ์ฃผ์ œ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
and we'll have to explore them in a different lesson.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
10:20
But for now, just remember that relative clauses can also be part of a complex sentence.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ๋„ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
10:26
OK, I have another exercise for you.
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์šด๋™์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
10:29
You see six items on the screen.
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ํ™”๋ฉด์— 6๊ฐœ์˜ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ด ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
In each one, I want you to combine the simple sentences into one complex sentence.
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
Use the word in the parentheses to do this.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ด„ํ˜ธ ์•ˆ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
10:41
Stop the video now, try the exercise, then play the video again and continue.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ค‘์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์šด๋™์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์žฌ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
10:48
Now, there are different ways to rewrite each sentence.
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์ด์ œ ๊ฐ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
10:54
I'll give you my answers.
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๋‚ด ๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ์ค„๊ฒŒ.
10:55
Here's how I wrote the first one: People eat a lot of fast food nowadays even though they
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ธ€์„ ์“ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์š”์ฆ˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํŒจ์ŠคํŠธํ‘ธ๋“œ๊ฐ€
11:01
know it's bad for their health.
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
Number two: You can't borrow any books from the library unless you have a membership.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ: ํšŒ์›์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋„์„œ๊ด€์—์„œ ์ฑ…์„ ๋นŒ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:10
Number three: She couldn't log in to her Gmail account because she had forgotten her password.
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ: ์•”ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— Gmail ๊ณ„์ •์— ๋กœ๊ทธ์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:16
Four: Harvey was a vegetarian until he married Susie.
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4: Harvey๋Š” Susie์™€ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฑ„์‹์ฃผ์˜์ž์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:20
Now, this sentence is much shorter than the original two sentences, but it has the same
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์›๋ž˜ ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ์งง์ง€๋งŒ
11:26
meaning.
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์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:27
Number five: The man who lives in that house is a millionaire.
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๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ: ๊ทธ ์ง‘์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž๋Š” ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์žฅ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
And finally, number six: Children shouldn't be allowed to play video games that contain
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์งธ: ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ํญ๋ ฅ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:37
violence.
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.
11:38
Were your answers the same as mine?
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ๋‚˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:41
Let me know in the comments.
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๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
11:43
Before we close this lesson, I want to tell you about one more type of sentence: the compound-complex
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ธ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ๋ณตํ•ฉ
11:49
sentence.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
This is simply a sentence with more than one independent clause (so it's a compound sentence)
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ(๋ณตํ•ฉ๋ฌธ)
11:56
and also with one or more dependent clauses (so it's a complex sentence).
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๊ณผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ข…์†์ ˆ (๋ณตํ•ฉ๋ฌธ)์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
For example, I was crazy about heavy metal when I was younger, but I'm more into jazz
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ํ—ค๋น„๋ฉ”ํƒˆ์— ์—ด๊ด‘ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์žฌ์ฆˆ์— ๋” ๋น ์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:06
now.
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.
12:07
Heavy metal and jazz are genres or types of music.
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ํ—ค๋น„๋ฉ”ํƒˆ๊ณผ ์žฌ์ฆˆ๋Š” ์žฅ๋ฅด ๋˜๋Š” ์Œ์•… ์œ ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
12:12
We see here that the first clause is independent: โ€œI was crazy about heavy metal.โ€
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ˆ์ด ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚˜๋Š” ํ—ค๋น„๋ฉ”ํƒˆ์— ์—ด๊ด‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
12:17
Then, there's a dependent clause: โ€œwhen I was younger,โ€ then there's a coordinating
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. " ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ", ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ๋“ฑ์œ„
12:22
conjunction โ€œbut,โ€ and then another independent clause: โ€œbut I'm more into jazz now.โ€
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์ ‘์†์‚ฌ "ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ"์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์žฌ์ฆˆ์— ๋” ๋น ์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
12:28
So this is a compound-complex sentence.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:32
Here's another example: โ€œIf it rains tomorrow, bring your umbrella, or you might catch a
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚ด์ผ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ฉด ์šฐ์‚ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๊ฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:37
cold.โ€
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12:38
Can you identify the different clauses here?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐํ•ญ์„ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
12:42
Well, the first clause is dependent: โ€œIf it rains tomorrow,โ€ then there's an independent
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์Œ, ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ˆ์€ ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. " ๋‚ด์ผ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ฉด", ๋…๋ฆฝ
12:50
clause: โ€œbring your umbrella.โ€
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์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
Now you might be asking, how is this an independent clause?
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์กฐํ•ญ์ด๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:56
I don't see a subject here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:58
Well, this type of clause is actually called an imperative, that is a request or a command,
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์Œ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ ˆ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ช…๋ นํ˜•, ์ฆ‰ ์š”์ฒญ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ช…๋ น์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
13:04
and the subject is understood: it's basically โ€œyou,โ€ so it's like saying โ€œYou bring
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์ฃผ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ "you"์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ "You bring
13:09
your umbrella,โ€ but in imperatives we usually leave out that โ€œyou.โ€
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your umbrella"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ ๋ช…๋ นํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ์ƒ๋žตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ "๋‹น์‹ ".
13:13
Alright, then we have a coordinating conjunction โ€œor,โ€ and then another independent clause:
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋“ฑ์œ„ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ "or"์™€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
13:19
โ€œyou might catch a cold.โ€
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"๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆด์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
13:21
So, you see that compound-complex sentences are nothing special; they're just a combination
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹˜์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
13:27
of a compound sentence and a complex sentence.
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๋ณตํ•ฉ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:30
OK, remember that the whole purpose of learning about the different sentence types is to add
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ๋ชฉ์ ์€
13:36
variety to your own speech and writing.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ง๊ณผ ๊ธ€์— ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ๋”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
13:40
Whenever you speak, and especially whenever you write, whether it's emails, essays, reports,
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๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ธ€์„ ์“ธ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ, ์—์„ธ์ด, ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ,
13:46
stories, whatever it is, pay attention to the sentence types that you use.
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์œ ํ˜•์— ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด์„ธ์š” .
13:51
Make sure to choose the best kind of sentence that expresses your message and helps your
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ 
13:56
writing to flow smoothly.
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๊ธ€์ด ๋งค๋„๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
13:58
Alright, if you liked this lesson, give it a thumbs up by hitting the like button.
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ข‹์•„์š” ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ ์ข‹์•„์š”๋ฅผ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
14:02
Also remember to subscribe by clicking the subscribe button to get my latest lessons
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๋˜ํ•œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ YouTube์—์„œ ์ œ ์ตœ์‹  ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ตฌ๋… ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”
14:07
right here on YouTube.
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.
14:09
Happy learning, and I will see you in another lesson soon.
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์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ํ•™์Šต ๋˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ณง ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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