Learn ALL TENSES Easily in 30 Minutes - Present, Past, Future | Simple, Continuous, Perfect

11,986,061 views ใƒป 2018-02-23

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hello, and welcome.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:02
In this lesson, Iโ€™m going to teach you all of the tenses in the English language.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ์˜์–ด์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:07
For each tense, Iโ€™ll show you the form, its different uses, and Iโ€™ll share with
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๊ฐ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ˜•์‹๊ณผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์šฉ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
00:11
you example sentences to help you fully understand it.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
So, if youโ€™re ready, letโ€™s begin.
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์ž, ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:26
Before we get into the lesson, hereโ€™s a chart showing all the tenses.
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์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ฐจํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
There are three times โ€“ present, past, and future.
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ํ˜„์žฌ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
And four aspects โ€“ simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ธก๋ฉด - ๋‹จ์ˆœ, ์—ฐ์†, ์™„์ „, ์™„์ „ ์—ฐ์†.
00:41
The times and the aspects combine to make all of the twelve tenses in English.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ธก๋ฉด์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ์˜์–ด์˜ 12์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
The present time and the simple aspect make the present simple tense.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์–‘์ƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
Then, we have the present continuous, present perfect, and the present perfect continuous
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•, ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•, ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•
00:57
tenses.
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์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
In the same way, we can make tenses with the past and future times as well.
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๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—๋„ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
Weโ€™re going to discuss all of these in this lesson.
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
So, letโ€™s begin with the first tense โ€“ the present simple.
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์ž, ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹œ์ œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
We make the present simple tense with a subject (like I/You/We/They/He/She/It) and a verb
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์ฃผ์–ด(I/You/We/ They/He/She/It ๋“ฑ)์™€
01:17
in the present (or the V1) form.
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ํ˜„์žฌ(๋˜๋Š” V1) ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
For example: โ€œI drink coffee every morning.โ€
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์˜ˆ: "๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ์•„์นจ ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹ ๋‹ค."
01:23
โ€œCathy works as a teacher.โ€
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"Cathy๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
01:26
Notice that in sentence number two, we have โ€œworksโ€ with an โ€œsโ€.
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2๋ฒˆ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ "works"์™€ "s"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
01:32
In the present tense, if the subject is I, You, We or They, we use a verb without -s.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ I, You, We ๋˜๋Š” They์ด๋ฉด -s ์—†์ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
Thatโ€™s why โ€œI drinkโ€.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์‹ ๋‹ค".
01:41
If the subject is He, She, or It, we add -s to the verb.
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ He, She, It์ด๋ฉด ๋™์‚ฌ์— -s๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
โ€œCathyโ€ is a female name, itโ€™s like saying โ€œsheโ€, so weโ€™ve said, โ€œCathy
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"Cathy"๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด๊ณ  "she"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— "Cathy
01:51
worksโ€.
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works"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
Now, the first sentence here talks about a habit or a routine, something that I do regularly.
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์Šต๊ด€์ด๋‚˜ ์ผ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
The second sentence is a fact โ€“ โ€œCathy works as a teacherโ€ is a fact about her
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œCathy works as a teacherโ€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์‚ถ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:05
life.
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.
02:06
These are the two main uses of the present simple tense.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ์šฉ๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
Here are a few more examples of habits and routines: โ€œShawn goes to the beach on Sundays.โ€
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์Šต๊ด€๊ณผ ์ผ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "Shawn์€ ์ผ์š”์ผ์— ํ•ด๋ณ€์— ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
02:16
โ€œChildren often play video games after school.โ€
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"์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ํ›„์— ์ข…์ข… ๋น„๋””์˜ค ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
02:20
And here are some more facts: โ€œYou sing very well.โ€
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
02:23
(itโ€™s said as a fact about someoneโ€™s ability) โ€œWater boils at 100ยฐ C.โ€ Notice that
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(๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•จ) "๋ฌผ์€ 100ยฐC์—์„œ ๋“๋Š”๋‹ค."
02:31
this last sentence is a fact about the world, so facts can be about people, or they can
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์ด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
02:38
be about things in the world.
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์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
So, that is the present simple tense.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
The next tense is the present continuous.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
We make the present continuous tense with a subject + am/is/are + a verb in the continuous
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์ฃผ์–ด + am/is/are + ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•
02:54
or -ing form.
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๋˜๋Š” -ingํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
We say, โ€œI amโ€, โ€œHe/She/It + isโ€, and โ€œYou/We/They + areโ€.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "I am", "He/She/It + is", "You/We/ They + are"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
For example: โ€œIโ€™m drinking coffee right now.โ€
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์˜ˆ: โ€œ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.โ€
03:05
This sentence shows the first use of the present continuous: to talk about actions happening
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
now, at the time of speaking.
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๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์— ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
This is not a general statement; itโ€™s not about my coffee-drinking habit.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ง„์ˆ ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ์ปคํ”ผ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š” ์Šต๊ด€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
Itโ€™s about whatโ€™s happening at this moment: Iโ€™m drinking coffee now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
Here are two more examples: โ€œWe are having breakfast.โ€
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์นจ์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
03:28
โ€œIt is raining outside.โ€
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โ€œ๋ฐ–์— ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
03:31
These sentences also express what is happening now.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
This is the first use of the present continuous; the second use is to talk about temporary
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์šฉ๋„๋Š” ์ž„์‹œ ํ™œ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:41
activities.
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.
03:42
Like: โ€œArun is learning to play the guitar.โ€
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์˜ˆ: "Arun์€ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
03:46
It means Arun is taking guitar lessons, maybe twice a week.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ Arun์ด ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์— ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ์ •๋„ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋ ˆ์Šจ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
So, he is in the process of learning to play the instrument.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์•…๊ธฐ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์— ์žˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
A couple more examples: โ€œI am watching a really interesting TV series at the moment.โ€
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด: "์ €๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ •๋ง ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด TV ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
04:00
โ€œMy sister is staying with us for a couple of weeks.โ€
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โ€œ์–ธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง‘์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
04:04
The third use of the present continuous is to describe changes that are taking place
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์šฉ๋„๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:09
or happening now.
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.
04:10
โ€œEnglish lessons on YouTube are becoming very popular.โ€
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โ€œ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ์˜์–ด๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ํฐ ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
04:14
It means that the popularity of English lessons on YouTube is increasing.
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์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ์—์„œ ์˜์–ด๊ฐ•์˜ ์ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค.
04:20
Here are some more examples: โ€œThe price of crude oil is falling rapidly.โ€
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์›์œ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
04:24
โ€œScientists say that the Earth is getting warmer.โ€
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"๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ์  ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
04:28
So, remember that the present continuous tense is used to talk about actions happening now,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™, ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ํ™œ๋™, ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”
04:35
temporary activities, and changes that are taking place.
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.
04:39
Alright, so weโ€™ve discussed the present simple and present continuous tenses.
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์ž, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์™€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
Letโ€™s now talk about the past simple and past continuous.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
04:48
Past simple first.
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๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ.
04:50
We make the past simple tense with a subject and a verb in the past (or the V2) form.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ(๋˜๋Š” V2) ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
This tense is used to talk about completed actions in the past.
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
For example: โ€œI played soccer with my friends last Saturday.โ€
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์˜ˆ: โ€œ์ง€๋‚œ ํ† ์š”์ผ์— ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.โ€
05:04
โ€œKaren gave us a present for our wedding anniversary.โ€
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โ€œ์นด๋ Œ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ธฐ๋…์ผ์— ์„ ๋ฌผ์„ ์คฌ์–ด.โ€
05:09
The verb in the first sentence is โ€œplayโ€.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” "play"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
We make the past form by adding -ed to it.
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-ed๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
We do this for most verbs.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
But some verbs have special past forms; you see that in sentence number two: โ€œgaveโ€
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋™์‚ฌ์—๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ "gave"๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
05:24
โ€“this is the past tense of the verb โ€œgiveโ€.
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๋™์‚ฌ "give"์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
We say โ€œgiveโ€, โ€œgaveโ€, โ€œgivenโ€.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "์ฃผ๋‹ค", "์ฃผ๋‹ค", "์ฃผ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
โ€œGivenโ€ is the past participle or V3 form.
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"Given"์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” V3 ํ˜•์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
These types of verbs are called irregular verbs; there are no rules for making past
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์—†๊ธฐ
05:39
forms with them, so you have to memorize the correct forms.
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์™ธ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
You see some examples on the screen, but of course, there are many more in English.
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ํ™”๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
Alright, here are some more past simple tense sentences: โ€œWe received the package this
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— ์†Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:54
morning.โ€
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."
05:55
โ€œMy grandfather built this house in 1968.โ€
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โ€œํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ 1968๋…„์— ์ด ์ง‘์„ ์ง€์œผ์…จ์–ด์š”.โ€
05:59
โ€œAntonio lived in Malaysia for five years.โ€
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"Antonio๋Š” 5๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ง๋ ˆ์ด์‹œ์•„์—์„œ ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
06:03
OK, letโ€™s now move on and talk about the past continuous tense.
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
06:08
Hereโ€™s a sentence first: โ€œI was having dinner with my family when the doorbell rang.โ€
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ดˆ์ธ์ข…์ด ์šธ๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ์ €๋…์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
06:13
Weโ€™re going to put this sentence on a timeline.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ํƒ€์ž„๋ผ์ธ์— ์˜ฌ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
That side is the past, in the middle is now, and over on that side is the future.
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์ €์ชฝ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ, ์ €์ชฝ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
Our sentence says, โ€œI was having dinner with my familyโ€ โ€“ this shows an unfinished,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ "๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ €๋…์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
06:29
ongoing action in the past.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
So, I was in the middle of having dinner, and something happened: the doorbell rang.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋…์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ์ธ์ข…์ด ์šธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
So, I had to put down my spoon and fork, get up from my table, and go and see who it was.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ˆŸ๊ฐ€๋ฝ๊ณผ ํฌํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ ค๋†“๊ณ  ์‹ํƒ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
So, the past continuous tense talks about an unfinished, ongoing action in the past.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ๋™์ž‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
And, normally, we also mention another finished action that interrupted it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ค‘๋‹จ์‹œํ‚จ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์ž‘์—…๋„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
#NAME?
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#์ด๋ฆ„?
07:03
We say โ€œwasโ€ for the subjects I/He/She/It, and โ€œwereโ€ for You/We/They.
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์ฃผ์ œ I/He/She/It์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด "was"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณ  You/We/ They์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด "were"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
If we mention a finished action that interrupted the continuous action, it is in the past simple
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๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ๋™์ž‘์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๋™์ž‘์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์ธ
07:16
form โ€“ subject + past tense verb (like โ€œthe doorbell rangโ€).
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์ฃผ์–ด + ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ(์˜ˆ: "the doorbell rang")์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
Here are a few more sentences: โ€œIt was raining when Priya left for work.โ€
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œํ”„๋ฆฌ์•ผ๊ฐ€ ์ผํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๋– ๋‚  ๋•Œ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
07:26
(So, she had to take an umbrella with her) โ€œThe power went out while the children were
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(๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ์‚ฐ์„ ์ฑ™๊ฒจ์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค) โ€œ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ •์ „์ด ๋๋‹ค
07:31
studying.โ€
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.โ€
07:32
(Here, we mention the continuous action second โ€“ the children were studying, and the single,
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(์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ์† ๋™์ž‘์„ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋‹จ์ผ
07:39
finished action first โ€“ the power went out) โ€œWhile we were waiting at the bus stop,
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๋™์ž‘์„ ๋จผ์ € ์™„๋ฃŒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์›์ด ๊บผ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.) โ€œ๋ฒ„์Šค ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
07:44
we saw a car accident.โ€
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๊ตํ†ต ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
07:46
(Thankfully, nobody got hurt.)
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(๊ณ ๋ง™๊ฒŒ๋„ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋‹ค์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.)
07:48
OK, thatโ€™s it for the past continuous tense.
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
But, before we move on to the next tense, letโ€™s do a quick comparison of the four
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค์Œ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
07:56
tenses weโ€™ve looked at so far.
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.
07:58
โ€œI drink coffee every morning.โ€
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โ€œ์•„์นจ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
08:01
Is in the present simple tense.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
As you can see on the timeline now, this sentence expresses a habit or a routine, something
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์ง€๊ธˆ ํƒ€์ž„๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์Šต๊ด€์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฃจํ‹ด, ๊ทœ์น™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:09
that happens regularly.
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.
08:11
โ€œI am drinking coffee right now.โ€
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โ€œ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.โ€
08:14
Is in the present continuous tense.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
It means that I am doing this action (drinking coffee) at this moment.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ํ–‰๋™(์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค)์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค.
08:20
โ€œI drank coffee yesterday.โ€
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"๋‚˜ ์–ด์ œ ์ปคํ”ผ ๋งˆ์…จ์–ด."
08:23
Expresses a finished action in the past โ€“ that coffee is gone.
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์ปคํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์™„์„ฑ๋œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
So, this sentence is in the past simple tense.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
And in the last sentence: โ€œI was drinking coffee this morning when I got a phone call
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ โ€œ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์™”๋‹ค
08:36
from my boss.โ€
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.โ€
08:37
We see two actions.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
One is an unfinished, continuous action โ€“ โ€œI was drinking coffeeโ€ (thatโ€™s a past continuous
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ์™„์„ฑ์˜ ์—ฐ์† ๋™์ž‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "I was drink coffee"(๊ณผ๊ฑฐ
08:45
form) and in the middle of that, something happened โ€“ โ€œI got a phone call from my
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์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•)์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ƒ์‚ฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ „ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:50
boss.โ€
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."
08:51
That is a past simple tense form.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
So, my boss said, โ€œWe need you at the office.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์— ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
Itโ€™s important.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
Get here right now.โ€
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๋‹น์žฅ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์™€.โ€
08:59
And I had to throw out my coffee and rush to work.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„œ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
Anyway, letโ€™s move on.
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
09:04
Weโ€™re now going to look at the present perfect tense.
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์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
#NAME?
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#์ด๋ฆ„?
09:15
or V3 form.
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๋˜๋Š” V3 ํ˜•์‹.
09:16
We say โ€œhaveโ€ if the subject is I/You/We/They and โ€œhasโ€ if the subject is He/She/It.
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ I/You/We/They์ด๋ฉด "have"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณ  He/She/It์ด๋ฉด "has"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
For example: โ€œI have taught English to many students.โ€
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์˜ˆ: โ€œ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
09:27
โ€œAshley has visited France four times.โ€
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"Ashley๋Š” ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๋ฅผ ๋„ค ๋ฒˆ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
09:30
โ€œWe have seen two movies this week.โ€
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โ€œ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‘ ํŽธ์˜ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
09:33
The present perfect tense has two main uses.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์šฉ๋„๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
These sentences show the first use: to talk about experiences.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์šฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
Sentence number one is about my experience in my teaching career.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ 1๋ฒˆ์€ ๊ต์ง ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
Of course, Iโ€™m still a teacher, so my career is not finished; itโ€™s continuing.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ต์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ œ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์€ ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
We CAN say โ€œI have taught English to many students in my career.โ€
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
But thatโ€™s not necessary; itโ€™s understood.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ•ด๋œ๋‹ค.
10:00
Similarly, โ€œAshley has visited France four times in her lifeโ€, so the time period here
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๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ "Ashley๋Š” ํ‰์ƒ ๋™์•ˆ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๋ฅผ ๋„ค ๋ฒˆ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€
10:06
is Ashleyโ€™s life (which is still ongoing).
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Ashley์˜ ์‚ถ(์•„์ง๋„ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ž„)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
In the third sentence, the time period is this week.
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
Maybe today is Wednesday, so this week is not finished; we might see another two movies
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์ˆ˜์š”์ผ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ๋ง ์ „์— ๋‘ ํŽธ์˜ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋” ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:19
before the end of the week.
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.
10:21
So, in these sentences, the time period is continuing or ongoing โ€“ my career, Ashleyโ€™s
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ, Ashley์˜
10:28
life, and this week.
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์‚ถ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
But, if the time period is finished, we just use the past simple tense: โ€œI taught many
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ๋‚˜๋Š”
10:36
students when I was a teacher.โ€
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๊ต์‚ฌ์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
10:38
In this sentence, my career is over.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋‚ด ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์€ ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:41
It means Iโ€™m not a teacher now; I was for some time.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•œ๋™์•ˆ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
During that time, I taught many students, but then I quit that line of work and became
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๊ทธ ๋™์•ˆ ๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘๊ณ 
10:52
a pop singer.
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ํŒ ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
โ€œAshley visited France in 2015.โ€
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โ€œ์• ์А๋ฆฌ๋Š” 2015๋…„์— ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
10:57
(2015 is in the past) โ€œWe saw two movies last week.โ€
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(2015๋…„์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ) โ€œ์ง€๋‚œ ์ฃผ์— ์˜ํ™” ๋‘ ํŽธ์„ ๋ดค์–ด์š”.โ€
11:02
(again, last week is gone) So, this is the first use of the present perfect โ€“ to discuss
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(๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ง€๋‚œ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.) ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ€“
11:08
experiences in continuing, ongoing time periods.
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๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š”, ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:12
The second use is to talk about recent actions or events.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์šฉ๋„๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
For example: โ€œI have finished my homework.โ€
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์˜ˆ: โ€œ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
11:20
You can imagine a kid saying this to her mom.
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์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์—„๋งˆ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
Well, when did she finish her homework?
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ์–ธ์ œ ๋๋ƒˆ๋‹ˆ?
11:26
Maybe 5 or 10 minutes ago.
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์•„๋งˆ 5๋ถ„์ด๋‚˜ 10๋ถ„ ์ „์—.
11:28
But, thatโ€™s not important โ€“ the important thing is the completion of the homework.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
You see this on the timeline now โ€“ the girl finished her homework just a few minutes ago,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ํƒ€์ž„๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์†Œ๋…€๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ณผ ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„ ์ „์— ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์ณค
11:39
but sheโ€™s not saying the specific time because itโ€™s not necessary (thatโ€™s why thereโ€™s
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์ง€๋งŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
11:44
a question mark โ€“ no mention of the time).
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๋ฌผ์Œํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค).
11:47
Hereโ€™s another sentence: โ€œArthur has lost his glasses.โ€
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์•„์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๊ฒฝ์„ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
11:52
We donโ€™t say when because the important thing is that now, Arthur doesnโ€™t have his
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ Arthur๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:57
glasses.
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.
11:58
One more example: โ€œThe police have arrested a young man in connection with the robbery.โ€
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ: "๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด ๊ฐ•๋„ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•œ ์ฒญ๋…„์„ ์ฒดํฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
12:03
So, there was a robbery in the neighborhood recently, and now the police have a young
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋™๋„ค์— ๊ฐ•๋„ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์€ ์ Š์€
12:09
suspect in custody.
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์šฉ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๊ธˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:11
The exact time of the arrest is not important.
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์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ฒดํฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
In all of these sentences, if you want to mention the specific time, you should use
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
12:19
the past simple tense.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:21
โ€œI finished my homework at 6.30 p.m.โ€ โ€œArthur lost his glasses at the party.โ€
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โ€œ์˜คํ›„ 6์‹œ 30๋ถ„์— ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€ "Arthur๋Š” ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์—์„œ ์•ˆ๊ฒฝ์„ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
12:28
(the party was maybe last weekend, so this is all old news) โ€œThe police arrested a
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(๊ทธ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ง€๋‚œ ์ฃผ๋ง์ด์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๋‰ด์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค) โ€œ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์€
12:34
young man last night in connection with the robbery.โ€
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๊ฐ•๋„ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค ์ฒญ๋…„์„ ์ฒดํฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
12:37
So, remember that there are two main uses of the present perfect tense: to talk about
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ
12:43
experiences and to talk about recent events.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ตœ๊ทผ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์šฉ๋„๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
12:47
Alright, now letโ€™s move on to the next tense: the present perfect continuous.
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์‹œ์ œ์ธ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค.
12:53
We make the present perfect continuous tense with a subject + have/has been + a verb in
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์ฃผ์–ด + have/has been + ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
12:59
continuous (or -ing) form.
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์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•(๋˜๋Š” -ing) ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
If the subject is I/You/We/They, we use โ€œhaveโ€.
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ I/You/We/ They์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” have๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:06
If the subject is He/She/It, we use โ€œhasโ€.
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ He/She/It์ด๋ฉด 'has'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:09
For example: โ€œI have been waiting to see the doctor for two hours.โ€
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์˜ˆ: โ€œ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
13:14
You can imagine this lady saying that.
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์ด ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:16
So, it means that she came to the clinic maybe at 5 oโ€™clock, and now itโ€™s seven oโ€™clock.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋งˆ 5์‹œ์— ์ง„๋ฃŒ์†Œ์— ์™”๋Š”๋ฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ 7์‹œ๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:23
She started waiting at five; two hours have now passed, and she is still waiting.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” 5์‹œ์— ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚ฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:29
So, the present perfect continuous tense talks about an action that started in the past and
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์ž‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:35
is still continuing.
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.
13:37
In this sentence, we can also say, โ€œI have been waiting since five p.m.โ€
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ โ€œ์˜คํ›„ 5์‹œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
The difference between โ€œforโ€ and โ€œsinceโ€ is that โ€œforโ€ talks about the amount of
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"for"์™€ "since"์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ "for"๊ฐ€
13:46
time like two hours.
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2์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:48
โ€œSinceโ€ is used to mention the starting point of the action like five p.m.
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โ€œSinceโ€๋Š” ์˜คํ›„ 5์‹œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ–‰๋™์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์ ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:54
Here is another sentence: โ€œHe has been playing tennis since he was a child.โ€
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ๊ทธ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ณ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
13:59
He started when he was little (maybe when he was five years old), and he still plays
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ(์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ์‚ด ๋•Œ) ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ
14:04
tennis.
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ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:05
Letโ€™s say heโ€™s 25 now, so โ€œHeโ€™s been playing tennis for 20 years.โ€
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ 25์‚ด์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ๋Š” 20๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
14:10
A few more examples: โ€œShe has been learning English for eight months / since last October.โ€
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด: "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ 10์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ / 8๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
14:16
โ€œWeโ€™ve been living in this town for a very long time / since 1980.โ€
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ด ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค / 1980๋…„ ์ดํ›„๋กœ."
14:22
โ€œIt has been raining all morning / since 4 a.m.โ€
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โ€œ์•„์นจ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์–ด์š” / ์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ 4์‹œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ.โ€
14:26
Now here, the duration is โ€œall morningโ€.
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ "์•„์นจ ๋‚ด๋‚ด"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:29
In fixed phrases like โ€œall morning, all day, all weekโ€ etc. we donโ€™t use โ€œforโ€.
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"all morning, all day, all week" ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณ ์ • ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” "for"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:36
But you can say, โ€œsince 4 a.m.โ€ if you want to mention the starting point.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ "์˜ค์ „ 4์‹œ ์ดํ›„"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถœ๋ฐœ์ ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด.
14:40
I want to alert you to a common mistake here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:43
If you say, โ€œI am waiting to see the doctor for two hoursโ€ or โ€œHe is playing tennis
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋˜๋Š” "๊ทธ๋Š”
14:49
since he was a childโ€, those are not correct.
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์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:53
You can say, โ€œRight now, I am waiting to see the doctorโ€ or โ€œHe is playing tennisโ€.
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"๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋˜๋Š” "๊ทธ๋Š” ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:58
But when you mention the amount of time (like two hours), or when you mention the starting
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์–‘์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ๋•Œ(์˜ˆ: 2์‹œ๊ฐ„) ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ž‘์ ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ๋•Œ
15:03
point (like since he was a child), you must use the present perfect continuous tense.
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(์˜ˆ: ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ) ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:10
This is true with the other sentences here as well.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:13
So, keep this point in mind.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์ ์„ ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
15:15
Alright, so this is the present perfect continuous tense.
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์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:18
Letโ€™s move on to the next tense โ€“ the past perfect.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์‹œ์ œ์ธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค.
15:23
Before we talk about this tense, take a look at this past simple tense sentence.
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜• ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
15:28
โ€œWhen we got to the theater, the movie started.โ€
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โ€œ๊ทน์žฅ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜์ž ์˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
15:32
There are two past actions in this sentence: โ€œgot to the theaterโ€ which means โ€œwe
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋™์ž‘์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: โ€œwe arrive thereโ€๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” โ€œgot to the Theater
15:37
arrived thereโ€, and โ€œthe movie startedโ€.
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โ€์™€ โ€œthe movie startedโ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:40
You can see in the timeline that we got to the theater first, and then, right after that,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋จผ์ € ๊ทน์žฅ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•œ ํ›„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์˜๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํƒ€์ž„๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:45
the movie started playing.
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.
15:47
But what about this sentence: โ€œWhen we got to the theater, the movie had started.โ€
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ โ€œ๊ทน์žฅ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
15:53
That means the movie started before we got to the theater.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทน์žฅ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:57
So, the movie started first, then we arrived.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋จผ์ € ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:01
This is the past perfect tense: we make it with a subject + had + a verb in past participle
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์–ด + had + ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ
16:08
(or V3) form.
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(๋˜๋Š” V3) ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:11
When we have two actions in the past, we use the past perfect to clearly show which action
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ–‰๋™์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์–ด๋–ค ํ–‰๋™์ด ๋จผ์ € ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:17
happened first.
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.
16:18
Hereโ€™s another example: โ€œI was sick because I had eaten too much the previous night.โ€
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ์ „๋‚  ๋ฐค์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ๋จน์–ด์„œ ๋ชธ์ด ์•„ํŒ ์–ด์š”.โ€
16:25
Two actions: โ€œI was sickโ€ and โ€œI had eaten too much the previous nightโ€.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ–‰๋™: โ€œ์•„ํŒ ์–ด์š”โ€์™€ โ€œ์ „๋‚  ๋ฐค์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
16:31
Which happened first?
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋จผ์ € ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
16:32
โ€œI had eaten too much foodโ€, then the next day, โ€œI was sickโ€.
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โ€œ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ๋จน์—ˆ์–ดโ€, ๋‹ค์Œ๋‚  โ€œ์•„ํŒ ์–ด์š”โ€.
16:38
Next example: โ€œThe girl looked very familiar.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ: โ€œ๊ทธ ์†Œ๋…€๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์นœ์ˆ™ํ•ด ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:41
I had seen her somewhere before.โ€
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์ „์— ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
16:43
First, โ€œI had seen her somewhere beforeโ€ (maybe a few years before), so โ€œshe looked
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์ฒซ์งธ, โ€œ์ „์— ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹คโ€(์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „), ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ โ€œ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
16:49
very familiarโ€.
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๋งค์šฐ ์นœ์ˆ™ํ•ด ๋ณด์˜€๋‹คโ€.
16:50
โ€œJoel rushed to his bossโ€™s office, but she had gone home already.โ€
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"Joel์€ ์ƒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค๋กœ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค๊ฐ”์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
16:54
โ€œShe (meaning the boss) had gone home alreadyโ€, so when Joel rushed to see her, she wasnโ€™t
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"๊ทธ๋…€(์ƒ์‚ฌ)๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ”์–ด์š”." ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ Joel์ด ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:01
there.
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.
17:02
As you can see, the past perfect tense is really easy; just remember that when we have
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:08
two past actions, we use the past perfect if we want to clearly indicate which happened
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๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ–‰๋™์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋จผ์ € ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”
17:15
first; we do this to avoid confusion in the order of events.
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. ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ ์ˆœ์„œ์˜ ํ˜ผ๋™์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:19
Alright, letโ€™s turn to our next tense now: this is the past perfect continuous.
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:27
This tense is just like the past perfect simple, except the first past action is continuous.
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋™์ž‘์ด ๊ณ„์†๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:33
For example: โ€œI felt really tired because I had been driving all day.โ€
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์˜ˆ: โ€œํ•˜๋ฃจ์ข…์ผ ์šด์ „ํ•ด์„œ ์ •๋ง ํ”ผ๊ณคํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.โ€
17:38
So, you know that I felt tired at some point in the past.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์–ด๋А ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•จ์„ ๋А๊ผˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:43
And that was because before that, โ€œI had been drivingโ€ that entire day.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ „์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋‚  ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ "๋‚˜๋Š” ์šด์ „์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ" ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:47
So, the earlier past action was a continuous one.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด์ „์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ–‰๋™์€ ์—ฐ์†์ ์ธ ํ–‰๋™์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:51
We make this tense with a subject + had been + a verb in continuous (or -ing) form.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด + had been + ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•(๋˜๋Š” -ing) ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:59
Hereโ€™s another sentence: โ€œShe had been waiting for two hours when the doctor finally
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:04
arrived.โ€
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."
18:05
Remember that lady who was waiting for the doctor?
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์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ทธ ์—ฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
18:08
Well, the doctor came, so her wait ended, but before that point, โ€œshe had been waiting
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๋ญ, ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์™€์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆผ์€ ๋๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ์‹œ์  ์ด์ „์—๋Š” โ€œ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
18:14
for two hours.โ€
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2์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
18:15
Here, the past perfect continuous form comes first in the sentence, but thatโ€™s OK.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋งจ ์•ž์— ์˜ค์ง€๋งŒ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:22
Some more examples: โ€œThe ground was wet because it had been raining.โ€
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ: "๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™€์„œ ๋•…์ด ์ –์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
18:27
โ€œIt had been rainingโ€ first, and so, the ground was wet.
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โ€œ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ดโ€ ๋จผ์ € ๋•…์ด ์ –์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:31
โ€œWhen he quit his job at the factory, he had been working there for 12 years.โ€
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"๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ ์ผ์„ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘˜ ๋•Œ, ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ 12๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
18:37
So, remember that the present perfect continuous tense is used to talk about a continuous action
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์™„๋ฃŒ ๋™์ž‘ ์ด์ „์— ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ ๋™์ž‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”
18:43
in the past before another finished action.
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.
18:46
Alright, itโ€™s time now for another review.
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฆฌ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€
18:50
Weโ€™re going to do a quick comparison of the four perfect tenses weโ€™ve looked at
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์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:55
so far.
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18:56
โ€œI have washed the dishes.โ€
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โ€œ์„ค๊ฑฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
18:58
Is in the present perfect tense.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:00
It focuses on the completion of the action and doesnโ€™t mention the exact time.
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์ž‘์—… ์™„๋ฃŒ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:06
But you understand that I finished washing the dishes maybe just a few minutes ago.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„ ์ „์— ์„ค๊ฑฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
19:11
โ€œI have been washing the dishes for half an hour.โ€
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โ€œ์ €๋Š” 30๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์„ค๊ฑฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
19:14
Is in the present perfect continuous tense.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:17
It means that I have not finished washing them yet.
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์•„์ง ์”ป์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:20
I started half an hour ago, and Iโ€™m still doing it.
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30๋ถ„ ์ „์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์•„์ง๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
19:24
โ€œWhen I left for work, I had washed the dishes.โ€
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โ€œ์ถœ๊ทผํ•  ๋•Œ ์„ค๊ฑฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.โ€
19:27
Here, โ€œI had washed the dishesโ€ is in the past perfect tense.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ โ€œI had washing the dishesโ€๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:32
It means that first I finished washing them, and after that I left for work.
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๋จผ์ € ์„ธํƒ์„ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ณ  ์ผํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:38
โ€œWhen the phone rang, I had been washing the dishes for half an hour.โ€
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โ€œ์ „ํ™”๋ฒจ์ด ์šธ๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ๋‚˜๋Š” 30๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์„ค๊ฑฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
19:43
So, the phone rang at some point in the past.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์–ด๋А ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์ „ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์šธ๋ ธ๋‹ค.
19:47
Half an hour before that I started washing the dishes, and I was still doing that when
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30๋ถ„ ์ „์— ๋‚˜๋Š” ์„ค๊ฑฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ „ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์šธ๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์„ค๊ฑฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค
19:52
the phone rang.
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.
19:53
So, I stopped, wiped my hands dry, and I went to answer the phone.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ  ์†์„ ๋‹ฆ๊ณ  ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
19:58
Alright, now we move on to talking about the future.
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:01
The first tense for us to look at is the future simple.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:05
Now, this tense is a little tricky because there are a few different future simple forms.
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์ž, ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ํ˜•์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:11
The three most important are going to, the present continuous (using an -ing verb), and
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” going to, ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•(-ing ๋™์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ) ๋ฐ
20:18
will.
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will์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:19
Letโ€™s talk about where to use these.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋””์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
20:22
We use โ€œgoing toโ€ to express plans and intentions.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„ํš๊ณผ ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด โ€œgoing toโ€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:26
We make this form with a subject + am/is/are and then going to + a verb in its base form.
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์ฃผ์–ด + am/is/are๋กœ ์ด ํ˜•์‹์„ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ˜•์‹์—์„œ to + ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:33
For example: โ€œWe are going to buy a car.โ€
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์˜ˆ: "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์‚ด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
20:37
That means we have a plan to buy a car soon.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณง ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์‚ด ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:40
โ€œI am going to start exercising regularly.โ€
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โ€œ๊ทœ์น™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šด๋™์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
20:43
โ€œRahul is going to take a vacation from work.โ€
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"Rahul์€ ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
20:46
Now, if itโ€™s more than a plan, if we have made the arrangements, then we use the present
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์ด์ œ ๊ณ„ํš ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์ณค๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ˜„์žฌ
20:53
continuous.
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์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:54
This is a tense you know already, and when we use it to talk about the future, it is
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ์ œ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ œ๋Š”
20:59
stronger than โ€œgoing toโ€.
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"going to"๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:02
For example: โ€œI am having lunch with my parents on Saturday.โ€
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์˜ˆ: โ€œํ† ์š”์ผ์— ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๊ณผ ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
21:06
So, my parents and I have a plan to do that, but also, we have agreed on the time and place.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์žฅ์†Œ๋„ ํ•ฉ์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:13
Itโ€™s fixed.
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๊ณ ์ •๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:14
Hereโ€™s another sentence: โ€œWe are flying to Mumbai the day after tomorrow.โ€
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚ด์ผ ๋ชจ๋ ˆ ๋ญ„๋ฐ”์ด๋กœ ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
21:19
So, weโ€™ve purchased the flight tickets, and our trip is confirmed.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ถŒ์„ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์—ฌํ–‰์ด ํ™•์ •๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:24
โ€œJosh is giving a presentation to the board of directors on the 10th.โ€
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โ€œ์กฐ์‰ฌ๊ฐ€ 10์ผ ์ด์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
21:29
โ€œOn the 10thโ€ means โ€œon the 10th of this monthโ€.
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"on the 10th"๋Š” "์ด๋ฒˆ ๋‹ฌ 10์ผ"์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:32
This is also a fixed arrangement.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ • ๋ฐฐ์—ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:34
Now, you might be asking, โ€œSo whatโ€™s the difference really between going to and the
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์ด์ œ "going to์™€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:40
present continuous?โ€
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21:41
Well, here is a situation to help you understand: โ€œIโ€™m going to see the dentist sometime
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์ž, ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "
21:47
next week.โ€
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์— ์น˜๊ณผ์— ๊ฐˆ ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
21:48
Iโ€™m laughing because of the picture.
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์‚ฌ์ง„ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์›ƒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:50
OK, so do I have a plan to see the dentist?
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์น˜๊ณผ์— ๊ฐˆ ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
21:53
Yes.
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์˜ˆ.
21:54
But, do I know on exactly what day?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์š”์ผ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
21:56
No.
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”.
21:57
I havenโ€™t booked an appointment yet.
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์•„์ง ์˜ˆ์•ฝ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:00
But if I say: โ€œIโ€™m seeing the dentist tomorrow afternoon.โ€
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ "๋‚ด์ผ ์˜คํ›„์— ์น˜๊ณผ์— ๊ฐˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด
22:03
That is confirmed; I have an appointment.
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ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ฝ์†์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
22:07
One more example: โ€œWeโ€™re going to get married this year.โ€
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ: "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ฌํ•ด ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
22:11
Is the date fixed?
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๋‚ ์งœ๋Š” ์ •ํ•ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
22:12
No.
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”.
22:13
Itโ€™s a plan.
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๊ณ„ํš์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:14
โ€œWeโ€™re getting married on April 21st.โ€
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"์ €ํฌ 4์›” 21์ผ์— ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
22:17
Is the date fixed?
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๋‚ ์งœ๋Š” ์ •ํ•ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
22:18
Yes.
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์˜ˆ.
22:19
This is an arrangement.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ฉ์˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:20
So, thatโ€™s the difference between โ€œgoing toโ€ and the present continuous.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด "going to"์™€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:25
But, what about โ€œwillโ€?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ "์˜์ง€"๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
22:27
Letโ€™s talk about that now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
22:30
โ€œWillโ€ is used to express three things: instant decisions, that is, decisions that
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"Will"์€ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ์ •, ์ฆ‰
22:36
we make suddenly at the time of speaking; offers; and promises.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆ; ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ฝ์†ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:43
We make this form with a subject + will + a verb in its base form.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด + will + ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ด ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:49
At a restaurant, a waiter asks you: โ€œMay I take your order?โ€
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์‹๋‹น์—์„œ ์›จ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ โ€œ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋„ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?โ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:54
And you say: โ€œYes, I will have the burger and fries combo, please.โ€
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"๋„ค, ๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ์™€ ๊ฐ์žํŠ€๊น€ ์ฝค๋ณด๋กœ ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”."
22:58
This is an instant decision.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:00
You didnโ€™t plan two weeks ago to eat this food at this restaurant on this day.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ 2์ฃผ ์ „์— ์ด๋‚  ์ด ์‹๋‹น์—์„œ ์ด ์Œ์‹์„ ๋จน์„ ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:06
You just made the decision now.
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์ด์ œ ๋ง‰ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:08
Hereโ€™s another example.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:10
Someone says: โ€œThe phoneโ€™s ringing.โ€
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ "์ „ํ™”๋ฒจ์ด ์šธ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:12
And you say: โ€œI will get it.โ€
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ "๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ป์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:14
You just decided to answer the phone.
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๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:17
The next two examples show โ€œwillโ€ used to make offers: โ€œThese files are really
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋‘ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” "will"์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ด ํŒŒ์ผ์€ ์ •๋ง
23:23
heavy.โ€
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๋ฌด๊ฒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
23:24
โ€œI will help you with them.โ€
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"๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋„์™€์ค„๊ฒŒ."
23:26
So, Iโ€™m offering to help this person carry the files.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํŒŒ์ผ์„ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„์™€์ฃผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:30
That person can say: โ€œOK, thank youโ€ or โ€œNo, thanks.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ์•Œ์•˜์–ด, ๊ณ ๋งˆ์›Œ.โ€ ๋˜๋Š” โ€œ์•„๋‹ˆ, ๊ณ ๋งˆ์›Œ.
23:33
I can do it myself.โ€
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๋‚ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜์žˆ์–ด."
23:34
Similarly, โ€œItโ€™s hard to get a cab at this hour.
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๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ โ€œ์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ํƒ์‹œ๋ฅผ ์žก๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:39
I will give you a ride home.โ€
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์ง‘๊นŒ์ง€ ํƒœ์›Œ๋‹ค ์ค„๊ฒŒ.โ€
23:41
You might say that to a colleague of yours when leaving work late.
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๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ํ‡ด๊ทผํ•  ๋•Œ ๋™๋ฃŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:45
Your colleague might accept or politely decline your offer.
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๋™๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฝํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ •์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:50
And here is โ€œwillโ€ used to make promises: โ€œCan you lend me $200?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์•ฝ์†์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” โ€œwillโ€์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ200๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋นŒ๋ ค์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
23:54
Iโ€™ll pay you back next week.โ€
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์— ๊ฐš๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
23:56
โ€œThank you for your email.
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"์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:59
We will respond within two business days.โ€
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์˜์—…์ผ ๊ธฐ์ค€ 2์ผ ์ด๋‚ด์— ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
24:01
Alright, so far, weโ€™ve talked about expressing plans and intentions with โ€œgoing toโ€,
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์ž, ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ "going to"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„ํš๊ณผ ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•,
24:08
fixed arrangements with the present continuous, and the three uses of โ€œwillโ€: instant
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ณ ์ • ๋ฐฐ์—ด, "will"์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์šฉ๋„์ธ ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์ธ
24:14
decisions, offers and promises.
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๊ฒฐ์ •, ์ œ์•ˆ ๋ฐ ์•ฝ์†์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:16
But, thereโ€™s one more future function that you need to know about, and that is making
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
24:21
predictions.
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์˜ˆ์ธก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:23
To make predictions or guesses about the future, we can use both โ€œwillโ€ and โ€œgoing toโ€.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก์ด๋‚˜ ์ถ”์ธก์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด โ€œwillโ€๊ณผ โ€œgoing toโ€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:29
These two forms are interchangeable for making predictions in many situations (meaning you
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์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜•์‹์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„œ๋กœ ๊ตํ™˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(
24:34
can choose whichever one you want).
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์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธ).
24:36
But, there is a slight difference: we normally use โ€œwillโ€ to make predictions based on
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ "will"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
24:42
our knowledge or our own personal experience: โ€œI think Spain will win the 2018 World Cup.โ€
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง€์‹์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "I think Spain will win the 2018 World Cup."
24:49
Theyโ€™ve been playing well recently, so based on that knowledge, I think theyโ€™ll win the
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ ์ง€์‹์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ปต ์šฐ์Šน์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
24:56
Cup.
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.
24:57
โ€œYou should watch Interstellar.
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โ€œ์ธํ„ฐ์Šคํ…”๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:58
Iโ€™m sure you will love it.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:00
โ€œ I know that you like science fiction films, so Iโ€™m confident you will like this one.
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โ€œ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ณต์ƒ๊ณผํ•™ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ์˜ํ™”๋„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:06
We use โ€œgoing toโ€ when we make predictions based on something in the present (something
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ(์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ)์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ โ€œgoing toโ€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
25:11
we can see now), so weโ€™re sure: โ€œLook at the sky.
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โ€œํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ๋ด.
25:15
Itโ€™s going to rain soon.โ€
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๊ณง ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
25:17
We can see a lot of black clouds, so itโ€™s definitely going to rain in a few minutes.
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๋จน๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณด์ด๋‹ˆ ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„ ์•ˆ์— ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ ๊ฒŒ ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†์–ด์š”.
25:22
โ€œMomโ€™s going to be really happy when she sees my grades.โ€
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"์—„๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด ์„ฑ์ ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ •๋ง ๊ธฐ๋ปํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์•ผ."
25:26
So, this kid has done well on his exams; he has his report card in hand, and he knows
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์•„์ด๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ž˜ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์„ฑ์ ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์†์— ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
25:33
for sure that his mother is going to be happy when she sees it.
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์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๋ปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:37
Alright, so remember this difference in making predictions with โ€œwillโ€ and โ€œgoing toโ€.
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์ž, "will"๊ณผ "going to"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ๋•Œ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
25:42
OK, weโ€™ve covered a lot of information about the future simple tense, so letโ€™s do a quick
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์ž, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ
25:48
recap of it.
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์š”์•ฝํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:49
We use โ€œgoing toโ€ to talk about plans and intentions: โ€œWe are going to buy a car.โ€
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„ํš๊ณผ ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ โ€œgoing toโ€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: โ€œWe are going to buy a car.โ€
25:56
We use the present continuous to talk about fixed arrangements: โ€œIโ€™m having lunch
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ๋ฐฐ์—ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
26:00
with my parents on Saturday.โ€
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.
26:02
We use โ€œwillโ€ for three main purposes: to express instant decisions: โ€œIโ€™ll have
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ "will"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด: "I'll have
26:08
the burger and fries combo, please.โ€
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the burger and fries combo, please."
26:10
To make offers: โ€œIโ€™ll help you with those files.โ€
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์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด: "๊ทธ ํŒŒ์ผ์„ ๋„์™€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
26:13
And to make promises: โ€œCan you lend me $200?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ฝ์†์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด: โ€œ200๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋นŒ๋ ค์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
26:16
Iโ€™ll pay you back next week.โ€
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์— ๊ฐš๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
26:20
We use both โ€œwillโ€ and โ€œgoing toโ€ to make predictions.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ โ€œwillโ€๊ณผ โ€œgoing toโ€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:24
If a prediction is based on our opinion, knowledge or experience, we use โ€œwillโ€: โ€œI think
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์˜ˆ์ธก์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ, ์ง€์‹ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ "will"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "I think
26:30
Spain will win the 2018 World Cup.โ€
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Spain will win the 2018 World Cup."
26:33
If a prediction is based on something we see right now, then we use โ€œgoing toโ€: โ€œLook
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์˜ˆ์ธก์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‘”๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” โ€œgoing toโ€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: โ€œLook
26:39
at the sky.
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at the sky.
26:40
Itโ€™s going to rain soon.โ€
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๊ณง ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
26:42
Alright, letโ€™s now move on and talk about the next tense: the future continuous.
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์‹œ์ œ์ธ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
26:47
We make the future continuous tense with a subject + will be + a verb in continuous (or
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์ฃผ์–ด + will be + ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•(๋˜๋Š”
26:54
-ing form).
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-ing ํ˜•ํƒœ)์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:55
For example: โ€œAt 11 a.m. tomorrow, I will be driving to Portland.โ€
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์˜ˆ: "๋‚ด์ผ ์˜ค์ „ 11์‹œ์— ํฌํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ๋กœ ์šด์ „ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
27:00
So, tomorrow, at nine in the morning, Iโ€™m going to start driving to Portland; it will
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚ด์ผ ์•„์นจ 9์‹œ์— ํฌํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ๋กœ ์šด์ „์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:05
take me many hours to get there.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€๋ ค๋ฉด ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:08
But at 11 oโ€™clock, I will be doing this activity: driving.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 11์‹œ์— ์ €๋Š” ์ด ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ์šด์ „.
27:13
The future continuous tense expresses an action that will be ongoing (that will be in progress)
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์–ด๋А ์‹œ์ ์— ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ(์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ผ) โ€‹โ€‹๋™์ž‘์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
27:19
at some time in the future.
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.
27:21
Hereโ€™s another example.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:23
Some of your friends are planning to go and see a movie on Saturday.
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ํ† ์š”์ผ์— ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐˆ ๊ณ„ํš์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:27
One of them asks you: โ€œ(Hey) Do you want to come with us to the movies on Saturday?โ€
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด "(์•ผ) ํ† ์š”์ผ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐˆ๋ž˜?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:32
And you say: โ€œI canโ€™t.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:34
I will be working until late.โ€
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๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
27:35
โ€œUntil lateโ€ means โ€œuntil late at night.โ€
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"๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ๊นŒ์ง€"๋Š” "๋Šฆ์€ ๋ฐค๊นŒ์ง€"๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:39
So, you have an afternoon shift on Saturday, and that evening, you will still be in your
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ† ์š”์ผ์— ์˜คํ›„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋‚  ์ €๋…์—๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ
27:45
office, doing your work, so you canโ€™t go to the movies.
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์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์—์„œ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:49
This is the main use of the future continuous tense, but sometimes, we use this tense to
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์šฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ
27:54
talk about a fixed or a routine event in the future.
412
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:58
You know Iโ€™m traveling to Portland tomorrow: โ€œI will be staying at the Hilton hotel in
413
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด์ผ ํฌํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ๋กœ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์ž–์•„. โ€œํฌํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํžํŠผ ํ˜ธํ…”์— ๋ฌต์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”
28:04
Portland.โ€
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.โ€
28:05
This is a fixed arrangement.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ๋ฐฐ์—ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:07
It has the same meaning as saying: Iโ€™m staying or โ€œIโ€™m going to stay at the Hilton hotel
416
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ "I'm going to stay at the Hilton hotel in Portland"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
28:13
in Portland.โ€
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.
28:14
All of these forms are correct in this case.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์–‘์‹์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ •ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:17
One more example at the workplace: One colleague says to another: โ€œIโ€™m going to the cafeteria.
419
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์ง์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ: ํ•œ ๋™๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™๋ฃŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ์ €๋Š” ์นดํŽ˜ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์— ๊ฐˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
28:23
Do you want me to bring you a coffee?โ€
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์ปคํ”ผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ๋“œ๋ฆด๊นŒ์š”?โ€
28:26
The reply: โ€œThanks, but donโ€™t bother.
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๋‹ต์žฅ: โ€œ๊ณ ๋งˆ์›Œ์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ท€์ฐฎ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
28:28
I will be going there in a little while myself.โ€
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž ์‹œ ํ›„์— ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
28:31
Itโ€™s a routine thing I do at this time every day.
423
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๋งค์ผ ์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:36
Itโ€™s also correct if you say, โ€œIโ€™m going there in a little while myselfโ€.
424
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"๋‚˜๋„ ์ž ์‹œ ํ›„์— ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐˆ๊ฑฐ์•ผ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:40
So, thatโ€™s the future continuous.
425
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์—ฐ์†์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:43
We now turn to the next two tenses; weโ€™re going to look at these together: the future
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‘ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๋ž˜
28:48
perfect and the future perfect continuous.
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์™„๋ฃŒ์™€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:52
To understand the future perfect, letโ€™s take a situation: this is Aaron.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” Aaron์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:57
He wants to save up some money, so he is going to save $100 a month from now on.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ˆ์„ ์ €์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ์— 100๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ €์ถ•ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:03
This is February now, so โ€œBy August (which is six months from now), Aaron will have saved
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ 2์›”์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ "(์ง€๊ธˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 6๊ฐœ์›” ํ›„์ธ) 8์›”๊นŒ์ง€ Aaron์€
29:09
$600.โ€
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600๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
29:11
This sentence shows that the action (of saving 600 bucks) will be complete by that time.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ (600๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•˜๋Š”) ํ–‰๋™์ด ๊ทธ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:18
This is the future perfect tense.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:21
It takes a point in the future (like August), and it looks back; it talks about the completion
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜(8์›”๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€)์— ํ•œ ์‹œ์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ๋’ค๋ฅผ ๋Œ์•„๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:27
of an action by that time.
435
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๊ทธ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ–‰๋™์˜ ์™„๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:30
#NAME?
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#์ด๋ฆ„?
29:37
Now, in this sentence, the focus is on the money.
437
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์ž, ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ดˆ์ ์€ ๋ˆ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:40
If, instead, we want to focus on the amount of time, then we can say: โ€œBy August, Aaron
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๋Œ€์‹  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์–‘์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด "8์›”๊นŒ์ง€ Aaron์€
29:47
will have been saving money for six months.โ€
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6๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ๋ˆ์„ ์ €์ถ•ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:50
That is, he will have finished six months of saving and he will continue saving money.
440
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์ฆ‰, ๊ทธ๋Š” 6๊ฐœ์›”์˜ ์ €์ถ•์„ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์† ๋ˆ์„ ์ €์ถ•ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:56
This is the future perfect continuous tense.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:59
We use it talk about an ongoing action (an action that will be in progress) in the future
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ์ž‘์—…(์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ์ž‘์—…)์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ 
30:05
and to also mention the duration or length of that action at a particular time.
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ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ํ•ด๋‹น ์ž‘์—…์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธธ์ด๋ฅผ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:11
We make this tense with a subject + will have been + a verb in continuous or -ing form.
444
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์–ด + will have been + ์—ฐ์†ํ˜• ๋˜๋Š” -ing ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:18
Hereโ€™s one more example: My wife and I are going to paint our living room tomorrow.
445
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ ์•„๋‚ด์™€ ์ €๋Š” ๋‚ด์ผ ๊ฑฐ์‹ค์„ ์น ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:24
Thatโ€™s the plan.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณ„ํš์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:25
Weโ€™re going to start at 7 a.m.
447
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์˜ค์ „ 7์‹œ์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:28
We expect that itโ€™ll take us about 10 hours.
448
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์•ฝ 10์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:32
So, โ€œBy 5 p.m., we will have painted the living room.โ€
449
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ โ€œ์˜คํ›„ 5์‹œ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์‹ค์„ ์น ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
30:35
I can also say: โ€œBy 5 p.m., we will have finished.โ€
450
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ โ€œ์˜คํ›„ 5์‹œ๊นŒ์ง€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:40
I can make a future perfect continuous sentence like this: โ€œBy 5 p.m., we will have been
451
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜• ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
30:46
painting the living room for ten hours.โ€
452
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.
30:50
The future perfect simple and the future perfect continuous tenses are not that common.
453
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๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์™€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ํ”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:54
Theyโ€™re found very little in speech and a little more in writing.
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๋ง์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:00
Understanding these two tenses can be helpful, but donโ€™t worry too much if youโ€™re not
455
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์ด ๋‘ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ฉด ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”
31:04
sure how to use them correctly.
456
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.
31:05
Theyโ€™re not extremely important, and you will get better at using them with time and
457
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๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋” ์ž˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
31:10
practice.
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.
31:11
Alright, that brings us to the end of this lesson.
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์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:15
I hope you enjoyed it and learned from it.
460
1875060
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฐ์› ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:17
As always, happy learning, and I will see you in another lesson soon.
461
1877530
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๋Š˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ํ•™์Šต์ด ๋˜์‹œ๊ณ  ๊ณง ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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