PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE Part 2 - Making Sentences (Form) - Basic English Grammar

320,670 views ・ 2017-05-02

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Hi.
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This lesson is all about making sentences
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in the present simple tense.
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I’ll show you how to make correct sentences and
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avoid mistakes in grammar and spelling.
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So let’s begin.
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Welcome back to my series of lessons on the tenses.
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This is part two of the present simple tense.
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As always, if you have any
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questions at all, just let me know in the comments
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section below, and I will talk to you there.
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Alright, in this lesson, we will first learn how to
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make positive (or affirmative) sentences in
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the present simple tense.
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I will teach you when to add
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–s to a verb such as ‘He works’, ‘She wishes’ etc.
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You will also learn the spelling rules for adding
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–s to a verb.
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Then we’ll look at how to make
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negative sentences, and finally we will discuss the
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special case of the verb ‘be’.
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There are exercises throughout this lesson, and
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there’s a final quiz at the end.
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OK, so how do you make a sentence in the present
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simple?
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I’m sure you know the answer – you just take
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a subject (like I, you, we, they, he, she, it etc.) and
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you add a verb.
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For example, “I work.”
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And you can add any other
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information to the sentence, like “I work as a teacher.”
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You can do this with other verbs too – “I play chess
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once a week.”
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“I eat two eggs for breakfast every
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day.”
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“I love my family.”
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These are all present simple tense sentences, and
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if you remember from the previous lesson, the first
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sentence is a permanent situation, the second and
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third talk about things I do regularly (habits or
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routines), and the last sentence is a state using
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the state verb ‘love’.
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These are the main uses of the present simple tense.
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Now, of course, it’s easy to make these sentences
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with ‘I’ as the subject.
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What about other subjects?
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Well, let’s take the verb ‘work’ and try out some
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other subjects.
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You – work.
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We – work.
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They – work.
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What about ‘Those men’?
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Those men work.
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‘My friends’?
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Work.
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These subjects are just like ‘I’.
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But what happens when we have ‘He’ as the subject?
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He works.
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She works.
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It works.
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That man - works.
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Suzie?
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Works.
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So you can see here that if the subject is ‘I’, ‘You’,
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‘We’, ‘They’ or any plural noun such as ‘Those men’ or
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‘My friends’ then you use the verb in the base form
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without –s.
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But if the subject is ‘He’, ‘She’,
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‘It’ or any singular noun like ‘That man’ or ‘Suzie’
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or any other name, then you take the base form of the
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verb and you add –s.
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It’s important to know that this –s is only used in the
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present tense.
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It’s not used in the past or future
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– only the present.
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OK, let’s now do a small
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exercise with this.
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There are nine sentences on the screen.
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I want you to choose the correct form of
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the verb in each sentence.
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Pause the video now if you want – think about your
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answers, then play the video again and check.
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Alright, let’s look at the answers.
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Number one – “He reads a lot of books.”
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Number two – “Many children play baseball.”
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Number three – “You like tomato
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soup.”
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Number four – “That bird flies fast.”
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Number five – “I teach English.”
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Number six – “We live together.”
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Number seven – “She goes to college.”
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Number eight – “It works just fine.”
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Number nine – “They cook very well.”
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Did you get them all right?
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OK, I want you to notice something here.
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We’ve added –s to some verbs.
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But to the verb ‘go’, we didn’t
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just add –s, we added ‘es’.
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And to ‘fly’, we took out the ‘y’ and added ‘-ies’.
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Why did we do that?
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Well, it’s because there are some
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important spelling rules for adding –s to a verb.
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Let’s talk about those now.
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To most verbs, we just add ‘s’.
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So verbs like ‘love’, ‘run’, ‘work’, ‘speak’,
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‘want’ etc. just take an –s at the end.
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To some verbs we add ‘es’ – verbs like
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‘pass’, ‘wish’, ‘search’, ‘fix’, ‘go’ and ‘do’.
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But why is that?
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Can you guess the rule?
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If you want, stop the video, look at the
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verbs, think about it, then play the video again and
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check.
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Here’s the rule: If a verb ends in –s, -sh, -ch, or –
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x, then we add ‘es’ to the verb.
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If you think about it, these sounds are all
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related - ‘s’, ‘sh’, ‘ch’, ‘x’ – they all sound
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similar, and it’s easier to pronounce them if you add
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‘es’ – ‘passes’, ‘wishes’, ‘searches’, ‘fixes‘ and so
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on.
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Also, if a verb ends in ‘o’ and has a consonant
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before it like ‘g’ or ‘d’ then we add ‘es’.
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Don’t worry so much about this
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rule – just remember to put ‘es’ in ‘goes’ and ‘does.’
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With verbs ending in –y, we just add ‘s’ to some verbs
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like ‘buy, ‘play’ or ‘enjoy’.
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But with other verbs like ‘try’, ‘fly’ and
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‘study’, we remove the ‘y’ and we add ‘ies.’
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Why do we do that?
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Can you guess the rule?
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Well, if you look at the verbs ‘buy’, ‘play’ and
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‘enjoy’ you see that they end in a vowel plus –y.
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A vowel is one of these
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letters - ‘a’, ‘e’, ‘I’,’o’ and ‘u’.
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These verbs just take an ‘s’ after them.
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So we have ‘buys’, ‘plays’ and ‘enjoys’
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What about the next set of verbs?
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Here, you see that they end in a consonant
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(like ‘r’, ‘l’ or ‘d’) plus y.
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Any letter that is not a vowel is a consonant.
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In English there are twenty-six
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letters: five vowels (a, e, i, o, and u), and twenty-one
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consonants.
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Finally, there are some spellings we call irregular
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because there are no rules for them – the verbs ‘have’
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and ‘be’ are the most common ones.
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‘Have’ becomes ‘has’ which is just ‘h’,
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‘a’, ‘s’, and the verb ‘be’ has three forms – am, is,
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and are.
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We’ll talk about the verb ‘be’ later in this lesson.
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OK, now you know how to make positive sentences,
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and when to add –s to a verb using the correct
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spelling.
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So let’s move on to making negative
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sentences in the present simple tense.
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To talk about making negative sentences, you
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need to know a little secret about the English
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language.
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This is important for making negative
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sentences in any tense, not just the present simple.
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The secret is that most English sentences have two
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verbs – a main verb and a helping verb.
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Let’s take one of our original
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examples : “I play chess once a week”.
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Now you might be saying, “I only see one
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verb – play.”
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Well, the verb ‘play ’ is the main verb in this
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sentence.
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So where’s the helping verb?
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In the present simple tense, the
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helping verb is often hiding – it’s the verb
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‘do’.
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Normally, when we speak, we don’t say it but
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it’s still there.
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Now different tenses have
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different helping verbs but remember that for the
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present simple tense, the helping verb is ‘do’.
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OK, why is this important?
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It’s important because to make negative sentences,
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you need to bring the helping verb out of its
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hiding place.
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That’s the first step.
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The second step is to add the negative word ‘not’.
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So “I do not play chess once a
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week.”
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When we speak, this might sound very mechanical
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like a robot – “I do not play chess.”
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To sound more natural, we usually shorten
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‘do not’ to don’t.
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So “I don’t play chess once a week.”
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In this sentence, the subject is ‘I’.
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Here’s the form table for present
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simple tense sentences.
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I want you to fill in the
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correct negative form for all the other subjects.
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If you’re not sure, just take
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a guess.
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Stop the video if you want, think about it,
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then play the video and check.
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Alright, the subjects ‘I’, ‘You’, ‘We’, ‘They’ and all
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plurals are straightforward – you just put ‘do not’ or
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‘don’t’ in front of the verb.
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“I don’t play chess”, “You don’t play chess”, “My
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friends don’t play chess” etc.
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But for ‘He’, ‘She’, ‘It’ or any singular noun,
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remember you must add ‘s’ to the verb.
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But where do you add the ‘s’?
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Well you add it to the helping verb
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– ‘do’.
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So for these subjects : ‘does not’,
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shortened to ‘doesn’t’ is used to make the negative.
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“He doesn’t play chess”, “She doesn’t play chess”,
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“Suzie doesn’t play chess” etc.
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Pay attention to the pronunciation of that –
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it’s pronounced /dʌznt/ - there’s a ‘z ’ sound there
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– it’s not an ‘s’ sound.
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So /dʌznt/.
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Here’s a quick exercise.
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You see nine sentences on the screen.
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These are the same sentences from the
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first exercise.
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But here, I’ve made them negative.
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Now, some of these sentences are correct, and
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some are wrong.
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If a sentence is wrong, I want
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you to change it to the correct form.
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Stop the video now if you want.
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Think about your answers, then play the video again
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and check.
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Alright, the form table is on the screen now, and
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let’s look at the answers.
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Number one is wrong.
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It should be “He doesn’t read
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a lot of books.”
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This is a very common mistake – in
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negative sentences in the present simple tense, you
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should only add ‘s’ to the helping verb and you have
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‘doesn’t’.
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Don’t add –s again to the main verb.
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Number two is correct.
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We have a plural subject –
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“Many children don’t play baseball.”
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Number three is wrong.
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For ‘You’ the correct negative form is
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‘don’t.’
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So “You don’t like tomato soup.”
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Number four is also wrong.
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‘That bird’ is a singular noun, so we
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need ‘doesn’t’ here.
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“That bird doesn’t fly fast.”
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Number five is correct – “I don’t teach English.”
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Number six is wrong – you need ‘don’t’ again because
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the subject is ‘We’.
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So “We don’t live together.
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Number seven is wrong as well.
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And this is another common type
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of error.
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The –s is added here – that’s good – but
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it’s added to the main verb – go.
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It should be added to the helping verb, not the
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main verb.
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So “She doesn’t go to college.”
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Number eight is correct – “It doesn’t work.”
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Finally, number nine is wrong.
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For ‘They’ you need ‘don’t’.
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So “They don’t cook very
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well.”
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Alright, let’s now move on to the final topic in this
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lesson, and that is the special case of the verb ‘be’.
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Why is the verb ‘be’ a “special case”?
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Well, it’s different from other verbs
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in two ways: first, it’s irregular.
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What does that mean?
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Well, if you remember, we learned that the verb
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‘work’ has two present simple forms: You use ‘work’
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with ‘I’, ‘You’, ‘We’, ‘They’ and plural subjects.
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And you use ‘works’ with ‘He’, ‘She’, ‘It’ and
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singular subjects.
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All verbs are like this – they
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have two present simple forms.
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Except for the verb ‘be’.
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This verb has three forms – am, is, and are.
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If the subject is ‘I’ we use ‘am’.
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For example, “I am a teacher.”
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In speech, we normally shorten this to
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“I’m ” - “I’m a teacher.”
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If the subject is ‘He’, ‘She’, ‘It’ or any singular
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noun, then we use ‘is’.
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“He is”, “She is” or “He’s” and
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“She’s”.
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“Jamila is a teacher” (or you could say
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“Jamila’s a teacher”).
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If the subject is ‘You’, ‘We’, ‘They’ or any plural
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noun, then we use ‘are.’
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So “You’re”, “We’re” and
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“They’re”.
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Notice that when we have plural nouns (like
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Charles and Julie) we don’t shorten the verb – that is,
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we say ‘are’ fully – “Charles and Julie are
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teachers”.
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We only shorten pronouns and singular
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nouns.
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So that’s the first difference between ‘be’ and
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other verbs – there are three forms: ‘am’, ‘is’,
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and ‘are’.
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The second difference is that the verb
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‘be’ is very strong.
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What I mean by that is when ‘be’
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is the main verb in a sentence, then it needs NO
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helping verb.
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Remember : to make “I work” negative, we say “I don’t
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work” – so ‘work’ is the main verb and ‘do’ is the
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helping verb.
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But ‘be’ does not need a helping
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verb.
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And this is important because when you want to
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make a negative sentence, you add ‘not’
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right after ‘be’.
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You can see this now – ‘I’m not’.
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‘He’s not’ ‘She’s not’.
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‘You’re not’, ‘We’re not’ and so on.
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Sometimes, you will see the forms ‘isn’t’ and ‘aren’t’.
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This is especially true with plural nouns.
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This is also correct.
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Alright, keep these rules in mind when
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making sentences with ‘be’.
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Let’s now do a quick recap of this lesson.
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We started with making positive (or affirmative)
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statements.
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We discussed rules for adding –s to the
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verb in a sentence.
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We then looked at spelling rules
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for adding the –s.
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You see the chart on the screen
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now.
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Then we moved on to making negative sentences.
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Remember to pull the helping verb ‘do’ out of
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its hiding place, put it before the main verb and
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add ‘not’ to it.
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Finally, we learned the two
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important ways in which the verb ‘be’ is different –
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first, it has three forms – ‘am’, ‘Is’ and ‘are’, and
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second, it has no helping verb, so to make negative
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sentences, you put ‘not’ right after it.
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Alright, it’s now time for the test to see if you can
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make present simple tense sentences correctly.
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On the screen, there are ten sentences.
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In each sentence, you see the verb
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in parentheses (or round brackets).
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Fill in the gaps with the correct form of
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the verb.
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If you see a plus sign, use a positive form,
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and if you see a minus sign, use a negative form.
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In sentences nine and ten, there are two signs because
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there are two verbs.
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Stop the video now if you want,
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think about your answers, then play the video again
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and check.
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Alright, let’s look at the answers.
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Number one is “She studies computer science.”
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Note the spelling – ‘studies’ is spelled
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without ‘y’ and with ‘ies’.
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Number two – “Krishna is a fantastic singer.”
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because Krishna is a singular noun.
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Number three is “We usually don’t eat dinner so early.”
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You can also say “We don’t usually eat dinner so
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early.”
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– that’s also OK.
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Number four is “I hate loud music.”
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Number five – “Elsa and Kurt don’t live in Las
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Vegas anymore.”
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Be careful when there are two nouns
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like in this sentence.
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Some people make the mistake of
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saying ‘doesn’t’ because they’re thinking about Elsa
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and Kurt as singular nouns.
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But because they’re two people, they’re a plural
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subject – ‘don’t’ is correct.
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Number six - “He’s not very friendly.”
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or “He isn’t very friendly” – both are
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OK.
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Number seven should be “My daughter misses me when
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I’m away.”
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‘Misses’ is spelled with ‘es’,
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remember.
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Number eight – “You wake up at 6 am every day, don’t
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you?”
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In number nine, there are two gaps : “She says
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she doesn’t remember me.”
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It’s a common mistake to say “She say.”
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Don’t make that mistake – it’s “He
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says” and “She says”.
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Alright, and finally, in number ten, again two gaps:
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“Those aren’t spoons.
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They’re forks.”
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How many answers did you get right?
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Let me know in the comments section below.
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Remember to subscribe to this channel by clicking
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the subscribe button.
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I hope you enjoyed this
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lesson, and I will see you in the next lesson.
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