Learn Word Pairs for Everyday Conversation

7,427 views ใƒป 2023-09-21

English with Jennifer


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hi everyone. I'm Jennifer from English withย  Jennifer. Every now and then, I get a really goodย ย 
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„. ์ €๋Š” Jennifer์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด์˜ Jennifer์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ฐ€๋”์”ฉ
00:07
question from a viewer, and then I have a topicย  for a future video. I actually have stacks andย ย 
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์‹œ์ฒญ์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ , ์ด์–ด์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
00:14
stacks of sticky notes with ideas. I just don'tย  have the time to make all the lessons I want to.ย ย 
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ ํžŒ ์Šคํ‹ฐ์ปค ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ž”๋œฉ ์Œ“์—ฌ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
Little by little, I share what I can. A few yearsย  ago, I created a lesson on word pairs, and weย ย 
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์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „์— ์ €๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ์Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์“ด ๊ธ€์„
00:28
practiced some of those combinations by readingย  a text that I wrote for you. In this lesson,ย ย 
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์ฝ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์กฐํ•ฉ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์Šตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ์ผ์ƒ ๋Œ€ํ™”์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š”
00:34
we'll practice another set of word pairs that willย  serve you well in everyday conversation. Okay?ย ย 
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด ์Œ์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ข‹์•„์š”?
00:43
First, if you're not a subscriber, pleaseย  click the subscribe button and be sure toย ย 
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๋จผ์ € ๊ตฌ๋…์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๊ตฌ๋…๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ณ 
00:47
get notifications when I upload new videos. Let'sย  begin. What's a word pair? It's when we have twoย ย 
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์ƒˆ ์˜์ƒ ์—…๋กœ๋“œ์‹œ ์•Œ๋ฆผ๋„ ๊ผญ ๋ฐ›์•„๋ณด์‹œ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž. ๋‹จ์–ด์Œ์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜
00:55
words joined together by a conjunction (and,ย  or) or possibly a preposition. The two wordsย ย 
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๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ(and, or) ๋˜๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”
01:03
are equal grammatically. Now and then. (adverbย  + adverb) Stacks and stacks. (noun + noun)ย ย 
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋”. (๋ถ€์‚ฌ + ๋ถ€์‚ฌ) ์Œ“์ด๊ณ  ์Œ“์—ฌ์š”. (๋ช…์‚ฌ + ๋ช…์‚ฌ)
01:17
Some grammar sources use the term "binomials,"ย  "binomial phrases," or "binomial expressions."ย ย 
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์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์†Œ์Šค์—์„œ๋Š” '์ดํ•ญ์‹', ' ์ดํ•ญ์‹ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ' ๋˜๋Š” '์ดํ•ญ์‹ ํ‘œํ˜„'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
BI- means two, so something is beingย  named with two connected words.ย ย 
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BI-๋Š” 2๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ์ง€์ •๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
I like the term "word pairs." I thinkย  it's easier to say and easier to remember.ย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” "๋‹จ์–ด ์Œ"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์‰ฝ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ๋” ์‰ฌ์šด ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
01:39
Word pairs might repeat the same word, likeย  "little by little." But often they're twoย ย 
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๋‹จ์–ด ์Œ์€ '์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ'๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ข…์ข… ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์„œ๋กœ
01:45
different words, and we can't always switch theย  word order -- so there are word pairs that areย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด์ด๊ณ  ๋‹จ์–ด ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋˜๋Œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ์Œ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋˜๋Œ๋ฆด
01:51
reversible, and there are word pairs that areย  irreversible. "Day and night" can also be saidย ย 
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์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ์Œ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '๋‚ฎ๊ณผ ๋ฐค'์€
01:58
as "night and day." Here are some word pairs weย  don't reverse: now and then, salt and pepper.
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'๋ฐค๊ณผ ๋‚ฎ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋’ค์ง‘์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ฐ€๋” ์†Œ๊ธˆ๊ณผ ํ›„์ถ”๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
I bet you know some word pairs already.ย  You tell me the missing word. Back and
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹จ์–ด ์Œ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น ์ง„ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
02:19
forth. Up and
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์ด๋ฆฌ์ €๋ฆฌ. ์œ„์•„๋ž˜๋กœ
02:24
down. Left and
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. ์™ผ์ชฝ๊ณผ
02:30
right. Bread and
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ. ๋นต๊ณผ
02:35
butter. North and
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๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ. ๋ถ์ชฝ๊ณผ
02:40
south. East and
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๋‚จ์ชฝ. ๋™์ชฝ๊ณผ
02:45
west. Ladies and
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์„œ์ชฝ. ์‹ ์‚ฌ
02:50
gentlemen. Boys and girls. Sooner or later. Noticeย  that most word pairs use "and," when we say thisย ย 
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์ˆ™๋…€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„. ์†Œ๋…„๊ณผ ์†Œ๋…€. ์กฐ๋งŒ๊ฐ„. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด ์Œ์€ 'and'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ
03:07
conjunction, we usually reduce the vowel sound. Itย  sounds like /ษ™n/. Bread and butter. Up and down.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. /ษ™n/์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋นต๊ณผ ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ. ์œ„์•„๋ž˜๋กœ.
03:19
There are a number of word pairs withย  "nice" in American English. And "nice"ย ย 
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—๋Š” 'nice'์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋‹จ์–ด ์Œ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "nice"๋Š”
03:24
functions more like an intensifier for theย  second adjective or adverb. Take it nice andย ย 
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฐ•์กฐ์–ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ 
03:32
easy. Meaning "be very careful or gentle."ย  Go nice and slow. Meaning "go really slow."ย ย 
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ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‚ด์„ธ์š”. "๋งค์šฐ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜จ์œ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋ผ"๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์นœ์ ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”. "์ •๋ง ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”"๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ด์—์š”.
03:45
We also like combinations with "go."ย  You've probably heard these pairs of verbs:ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "go"์™€์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ๋„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋™์‚ฌ ์Œ์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
go and see, go and look, go and get.ย  Let's go and see that new movie.
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go and see, go and view, go and get. ๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ทธ ์ƒˆ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ž.
04:02
My brother told me to go and look out the window.
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ํ˜•์ด ๋‚˜ํ•œํ…Œ ๊ฐ€์„œ ์ฐฝ๋ฐ–์„ ๋ณด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ์•ฝ๊ตญ์—
04:07
I have to go and get someย  things from the pharmacy.ย ย 
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๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์‚ฌ์•ผ ํ•ด์š” .
04:11
In that last set of word pairs, we sometimes dropย  "and" in conversation, and it still makes sense.ย ย 
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‹จ์–ด ์Œ ์„ธํŠธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ "and"๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋žตํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ๋ง์—
04:19
Let's go see Aunt Sue andย  Uncle Frank this weekend.
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Sue ์ด๋ชจ์™€ Frank ์‚ผ์ดŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ž.
04:25
I need to get home. I have toย  go do laundry before tomorrow.
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์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ด์š”. ๋‚ด์ผ ์ „์— ๋นจ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
04:31
Here's a grammar point you need to understand. Aย  lot of word pairs use nouns, and we can use theย ย 
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์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹จ์–ด ์Œ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ
04:39
entire word pair as the subject of a sentence. Ifย  you perceive that subject as a collective group,ย ย 
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์ „์ฒด ๋‹จ์–ด ์Œ์„ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ์ฃผ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ง‘๋‹จ, ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
04:47
a unit, you can use a singular verb. Macaroni andย  cheese is a favorite dish among American children.ย ย 
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๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์นด๋กœ๋‹ˆ ์•ค ์น˜์ฆˆ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์š”๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
We also call it "mac'n cheese." It'sย  a dish, one dish. Singular verb.ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ '๋งฅ์•ค์น˜์ฆˆ'๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ์ ‘์‹œ, ํ•œ ์ ‘์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ.
05:06
Compare that to this example.ย  Pizza and soda were available.ย ย 
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์ด ์˜ˆ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ํ”ผ์ž์™€ ํƒ„์‚ฐ์Œ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ค€๋น„๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
Now I have a compound subject. Twoย  things, so I use a plural verb.
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์ด์ œ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
Now, do we say "law and orderย  is" or "law and order are"?
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์ด์ œ '๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์งˆ์„œ ๋Š”'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด '๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์งˆ์„œ๋Š”'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:28
The dictionary defines "law and order" asย  a state or a situation. It's when peopleย ย 
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์‚ฌ์ „์—์„œ๋Š” '๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์งˆ์„œ'๋ฅผ ์ƒํƒœ๋‚˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
05:36
obey the law and authorities make sure there'sย  order. I could ask, "Is law and order essential?"ย ย 
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๋ฒ•์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹น๊ตญ์ด ์งˆ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . "๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์งˆ์„œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ๊ฐ€?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
But honestly, I think listeners areย  ready to hear either the singular orย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ ์ฒญ์ทจ์ž๋“ค์€
05:50
the plural verb in that question. Familyย  and friends are welcome to visit campus.ย ย 
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ํ•ด๋‹น ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ํ˜• ๋™์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜• ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๊ณผ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์บ ํผ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
And that's reversible. I could say, "Friends andย  family are welcome to visit." A similar word pair,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜๋Œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด ์Œ์€
06:06
by the way, is "friends and relatives."ย  But I think that's a little less common.ย ย 
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'์นœ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์นœ์ฒ™'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์€ ์ข€ ๋œ ํ”ํ•œ ์ผ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„. ์ผ์ƒ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ• 
06:13
Let me share a list of 12 word pairs youย  should know for everyday English. You mayย ย 
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12๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด ์Œ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:19
know some of them already. If there are any thatย  are new, practice using them. Write some exampleย ย 
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”
06:25
sentences. Read the comments and learn fromย  each other. All in all. This is like "overall"ย ย 
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. ๋Œ“๊ธ€์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์„ธ์š” . ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ. ์ด๋Š” '์ „์ฒด'
06:35
or "in general." It's conversational. Allย  in all, I had a really good time in Paris.ย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” '์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ'์™€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ™”์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ €๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ •๋ง ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
Step by step. This is similar to "littleย  by little." Something happens gradually.
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๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„๋กœ. ์ด๋Š” '์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ'๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
Step by step, we makeย  progress as language learners.ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด ํ•™์Šต์ž๋กœ์„œ ์ฐจ๊ทผ์ฐจ๊ทผ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
More or less. This means "almost." It'sย  kind of vague. You can tell someone,ย ย 
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๋‹ค์†Œ๊ฐ„. ์ด๋Š” "๊ฑฐ์˜"๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข€ ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•ด์š”. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ
07:07
"I'm more or less done." And this impliesย  that you just have a little bit more to do.ย ย 
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"๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹ค ๋์–ด"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ•  ์ผ์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋‚จ์•˜์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
Give or take. This word pair is usefulย  when you want to give an estimated numberย ย 
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์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ›๊ฑฐ๋‚˜. ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด ์Œ์€ ์ถ”์ • ์ˆ˜์น˜
07:20
or amount. You can't be exact. There were aboutย  20 people at the meeting, give or take a few.
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๋‚˜ ๊ธˆ์•ก์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค„ ๋•Œ ์œ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •ํ™•ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํšŒ์˜์—๋Š” ์•ฝ 20๋ช…์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋ช‡ ๋ช… ์ •๋„๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ณ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
Old and gray. Sometimes we talk humorouslyย  about aging. "Old and gray" refers to thoseย ย 
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์˜ค๋ž˜๋˜๊ณ  ํšŒ์ƒ‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋…ธํ™”์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์œ ๋จธ๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . '๋Š™๊ณ  ํšŒ์ƒ‰'์€ ๊ทธย ย  ๋…ธ๋…„์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:38
advanced years. When I'm old and gray, Iย  think I'll still be teaching in some way.ย ย 
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. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Š™์–ด์„œ ๋ฐฑ๋ฐœ์ด ๋˜์–ด๋„ ์–ด๋–ค ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋“  ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
07:47
Life and death or life or death.ย  This word pair describes a serious,ย ย 
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์‚ถ๊ณผ ์ฃฝ์Œ, ํ˜น์€ ์‚ถ๊ณผ ์ฃฝ์Œ. ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด ์Œ์€ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
07:55
urgent matter. Often we use it in the negative.ย  This isn't a matter of life and death. Relax.
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๊ธด๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข…์ข… ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ถ๊ณผ ์ฃฝ์Œ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ์‹ฌํ•˜๋‹ค.
08:05
We can also turn this word pair into aย  compound modifier, and then we hyphenate it.ย ย 
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด ์Œ์„ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์ˆ˜์‹์ž๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ํ•˜์ดํ”ˆ์„ ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
Come on. This isn't a life-or-death decision.ย  Do you want to eat out or stay home?
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์–ด์„œ ํ•ด๋ด์š”. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋Š๋ƒ ์ฃฝ๋Š๋ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‚˜์š”, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ง‘์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‚˜์š”?
08:19
Do's and don'ts. This word pair refers toย  rules that tell us what we can and can't doย ย 
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ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ๊ณผ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ. ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด ์Œ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
every workplace has their do's and don'ts,ย  so try to learn them when you join a company.ย ย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ง์žฅ์—๋Š” ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ๊ณผ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ์ž…์‚ฌํ•  ๋•Œ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋„๋ก ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
08:35
Ins and outs. This refers to all theย  details and complexities of something.ย ย 
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์•ˆ๊ณผ ๋ฐ–. ์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ธ๋ถ€์ •๋ณด์™€ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํˆฌ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ
08:43
If you want to know the ins and outsย  of investing, I recommend this book.ย ย 
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์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ์ฑ…์„ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
Live and learn. This is often said by itself. Itย  sounds like a proverb because it contains wisdom.ย ย 
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์‚ด๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข…์ข… ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€ํ˜œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ด๊ฒจ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์†๋‹ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
We learn through life experience. Right? Sometimesย  we say it as a whole sentence: You live and learn.ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ „์ฒด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์‚ด๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
That was a tough lesson for me, but you, knowย  live and learn .I didn't repeat that mistake again
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ํž˜๋“  ๊ตํ›ˆ์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
Safe and sound. This emphasizes thatย  someone is out of danger and unharmed.ย ย 
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์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑด์ „ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์œ„ํ—˜์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
Every parent wants to know their teenagerย  is safe and sound no matter where they are.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋Š” ์ž๋…€๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋“  ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑด์ „ํ•œ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
Peace and quiet. This is another word pair thatย  sounds redundant, but we use it for emphasis.ย ย 
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ํ‰ํ™”๋กญ๊ณ  ์กฐ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ค‘๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด ์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
I love the peace and quiet ofย  nature. I don't like city noise.ย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ํ‰ํ™”๋กœ์›€๊ณผ ๊ณ ์š”ํ•จ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์†Œ์Œ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
09:47
Off and on or on and off. This word pairย  means "occasionally or not regularly."ย ย 
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๋„๊ณ  ์ผœ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ผœ๊ณ  ๋„๊ธฐ. ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด ์Œ์€ '๊ฐ€๋” ๋˜๋Š” ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Œ'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
Actors might get work off and on. Notย  all are lucky enough to work year-round.ย ย 
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๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋“ค์€ ์‰ฌ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ์ค‘ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์ผํ•  ๋งŒํผ ์šด์ด ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‰ฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”
10:04
Can you think of other professionsย  where people work on and off?
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง์—…์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š” ?
10:19
[Music]
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[์Œ์•…]
10:23
Sometimes you'll hear word pairs and you'llย  have to make sense of them just like you doย ย 
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ์Œ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:28
with other vocabulary. See if you understandย  these word pairs. Identify the correct meaning.ย ย 
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. ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด ์Œ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
10:35
1. Financial stability is certainly moreย  desirable than living hand to mouth.
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1. ์ƒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์žฌ์ •์  ์•ˆ์ •์ด ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋” ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:50
2. Your fight is mine. I'll standย  shoulder to shoulder with you.
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2. ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์‹ธ์›€์€ ๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ์–ด๊นจ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ž€ํžˆ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
3. I listened to him complain day after day.
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3. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์ผ ๋ถˆํ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
4. Day by day, we make progress.
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4. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
That's all for now. Please remember to like andย  share the video if you found the lesson useful.ย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ตํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋™์˜์ƒ์— ์ข‹์•„์š”๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ณ  ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
11:35
Also, please consider joining as a YouTubeย  member if you'd like to support my channelย ย 
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋‚ด ์ฑ„๋„์„ ํ›„์›
11:41
and participate in the next live stream. I'm sureย  we'll study together again sooner or later. Asย ย 
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆผ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด YouTube ํšŒ์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์กฐ๋งŒ๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ํ™•์‹ ํ•ด์š”.
11:48
always, thanks for watching and happy studies!ย  Follow me on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter,ย ย 
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์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”! Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, Patreon์—์„œ ์ €๋ฅผ ํŒ”๋กœ์šฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”
11:56
and Patreon. And don't forget to subscribeย  here on YouTube. Turn on those notifications.
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. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ YouTube์—์„œ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ํ•ด๋‹น ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ์ผœ์„ธ์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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