Learn How to Use English Prepositions with JenniferESL - Lesson 1 - Introduction

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2014-09-11 ใƒป English with Jennifer


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Learn How to Use English Prepositions with JenniferESL - Lesson 1 - Introduction

499,942 views ใƒป 2014-09-11

English with Jennifer


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:13
Prepositions are words like
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฏใ€
00:15
from, to, with, before...
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fromใ€toใ€withใ€before ใชใฉใฎ
00:19
Prepositions are usually short words.
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ๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚้€šๅธธใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฏ็Ÿญใ„ๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
00:22
They may be little words,
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ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸ่จ€่‘‰ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
00:24
but prepositions can create a lot of confusion.
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ใŒใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฏๅคšใใฎๆททไนฑใ‚’ๆ‹›ใๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:28
In this series of lessons,
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ใ“ใฎไธ€้€ฃใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใง
00:30
we're going to look at some common prepositions
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ใฏใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒๆททๅŒใ—ใ‚„ใ™ใ„ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™
00:33
that people easily confuse.
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ใ€‚
00:45
Let's go over the basics.
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ๅŸบๆœฌใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:47
Prepositions have objects.
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใซใฏ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:50
Prepositions generally come before nouns, pronouns, and gerunds.
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ๅ่ฉžใ€ไปฃๅ่ฉžใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใฎๅ‰ใซๆฅใพใ™ใ€‚
00:59
Let's talk more about the different kinds of objects a preposition can have.
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใŒๆŒใคใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็จฎ้กžใฎใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใฃใจ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:07
A preposition can come before a noun, a noun phrase, or a noun clause.
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฏใ€ๅ่ฉžใ€ๅ่ฉžๅฅใ€ใพใŸใฏๅ่ฉžๅฅใฎๅ‰ใซ็ฝฎใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:28
A preposition can also come before more than one kind of pronoun.
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฏใ€่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎ็จฎ้กžใฎไปฃๅ่ฉžใฎๅ‰ใซๆฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:52
And finally, a preposition can be followed by a gerund or a gerund phrase.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฎๅพŒใซๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใพใŸใฏๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžๅฅใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:10
Prepositions and their objects form prepositional phrases.
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใจใใฎ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใฏใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžๅฅใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:15
We need prepositions to give information
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ๆ™‚้–“ใ€ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ€ๆ–นๅ‘ใ€็†็”ฑใซใคใ„ใฆใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆ
02:19
about time, location, direction, reasons...
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ใงใ™... ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉž
02:24
There are different ideas and different relationships
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ใŒ่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚„ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช้–ขไฟ‚ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
02:28
that prepositions help us express.
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ใ€‚
02:31
Generally speaking, we'll find prepositions toward the end of a sentence.
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฏๆ–‡ใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:36
We can start a sentence with a prepositional phrase,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžๅฅใงๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
02:40
for example:
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02:45
But often we find the prepositional phrases
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02:48
toward the end, after the verb.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:50
For example:
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ไพ‹:
02:56
Some sentences may have two objects.
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ไธ€้ƒจใฎๆ–‡ใซใฏ 2 ใคใฎ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:00
In that case, you likely have a direct object
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ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€็›ดๆŽฅ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใจ้–“ๆŽฅ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
03:03
and indirect object.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:15
Here's an example.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:17
What am I doing right now?
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็งใฏไปŠไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:25
Explanation...Grammar
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่ชฌๆ˜Ž...ๆ–‡ๆณ•
03:28
Two objects.
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2ใคใฎใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ€‚
03:29
What am I giving?
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็งใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:31
An explanation.
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่ชฌๆ˜Žใ€‚
03:33
give + explanation
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Give + ่ชฌๆ˜Ž
03:35
verb + direct object
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ๅ‹•่ฉž + ็›ดๆŽฅ็›ฎ็š„่ชž
03:37
About what?
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ไฝ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ๏ผŸ
03:38
About grammar.
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆใ€‚
03:40
"Grammar" is my indirect object
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ใ€Œๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ€ใฏ็งใฎ้–“ๆŽฅ
03:43
-- object of "about."
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็›ฎ็š„่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ็ด„ใ€ใฎ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
03:51
What if I say...?
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ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰โ€ฆ๏ผŸ
03:56
You...Explanation...Grammar
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ใ‚ใชใŸ...่ชฌๆ˜Ž...
04:00
In this case, what I'm really saying is...
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ๆ–‡ๆณ• ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€็งใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ...
04:06
With this structure: give (something) to (someone)
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04:10
I'm allowed to separate
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04:12
the preposition and its object
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04:14
and move that pronoun "you"
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€
04:16
to an earlier position.
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ใ‚’ๅ‰ใฎไฝ็ฝฎใซใ€‚
04:23
Again, these little words can create some confusion.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฐใ•ใช่จ€่‘‰ใฏๆททไนฑใ‚’ๆ‹›ใๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:26
And I hope through this series of lessons
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎไธ€้€ฃใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’้€šใ˜ใฆใ€
04:29
to reduce that confusion for you.
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ใใฎๆททไนฑใ‚’่ปฝๆธ›ใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:39
For now, just know that in most cases
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ไปŠใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ ดๅˆ
04:42
a preposition is directly followed by its object.
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ใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฎ็›ดๅพŒใซ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใŒ็ถšใใ“ใจใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:46
But as you saw, there are times
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—
04:48
when we can separate or need to separate
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04:51
the object from its preposition.
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ใ€ใŠใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€็›ฎ็š„่ชžใ‚’ใใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‹ใ‚‰ๅˆ†้›ขใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏๅˆ†้›ขใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:53
This happens with the preposition TO.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉž TO ใง่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:59
For clarity or for emphasis,
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ๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใพใŸใฏๅผท่ชฟ
05:02
we leave the preposition and object together.
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใจ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซๆฎ‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:08
But if I don't need to stress who or what
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่ชฐใŒใ€ใพใŸใฏไฝ•ใŒๅ—ไฟกใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆ
05:11
is doing the receiving,
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ใฏ
05:14
I can move the object to an earlier position.
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ใ€ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆ—ฉใ„ไฝ็ฝฎใซ็งปๅ‹•ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:18
After the verb and before the direct object. (With "to" omitted.)
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅพŒใ€็›ดๆŽฅ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใฎๅ‰ใ€‚ ๏ผˆtoใฏ็œ็•ฅ๏ผ‰ ็–‘ๅ•ๆ–‡
05:27
We also see separation of a preposition and its object
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ใซใ‚‚ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใจ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใฎๅˆ†้›ขใŒ่ฆ‹
05:31
in questions.
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ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
05:45
While we're talking about word order
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่ชž้ †ใจๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้–“
05:47
and sentence structure,
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05:49
let me ask you a question.
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ใซใ€่ณชๅ•ใ•ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:51
In this sentence how many objects do you see?
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€ใ„ใใคใฎใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ‹?
05:57
Hopefully, you see two.
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ใ†ใพใใ„ใ‘ใฐใ€2 ใค่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
06:00
Is one of them a direct object?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ1ใคใฏ็›ดๆŽฅใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:05
No. "Lobby" and "noon" are objects of prepositions.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ€ŒLobbyใ€ใจใ€Œnoonใ€ใฏๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฎ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
06:10
We have two prepositional phrases.
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2 ใคใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžๅฅใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:13
Note: When we have a prepositional phrase of place
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ๆณจ:
06:17
and a prepositional phrase of time
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ๅ ดๆ‰€ใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžๅฅใจๆ™‚้–“ใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžๅฅใŒใ‚ใ‚‹
06:20
place usually goes before time.
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ๅ ดๅˆใ€้€šๅธธใ€ๅ ดๆ‰€ใฏๆ™‚้–“ใฎๅ‰ใซ็ฝฎใ‹ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
06:31
Another important thing to note
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ๆณจๆ„ใ™ในใใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎ้‡่ฆใช็‚น
06:33
is that prepositional phrases give information
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ใฏใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžๅฅ
06:37
about a certain part of a sentence.
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ใฏๆ–‡ใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
06:40
A verb, an adjective, a noun....
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ€ๅ่ฉž....
06:43
And the prepositional phrase usually follows
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžๅฅใฏ้€šๅธธ
06:47
whatever part it's giving information about,
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ใ€ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—
06:51
whatever part it's modifying.
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้ƒจๅˆ†ใ€ไฟฎ้ฃพใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้ƒจๅˆ†ใฎๅพŒใซ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:53
Look at these examples.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
11:49
So how did you do on that quiz?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
11:52
Don't worry if you got some answers wrong.
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็ญ”ใˆใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
11:55
I hope that after several more lessons on prepositions
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใ‚ใจๆ•ฐๅ›žๅ—ใ‘
11:59
you'll come back and take that quiz again.
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ใŸๅพŒใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใซ็ญ”ใˆใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:02
Then I hope you'll find it much easier.
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ใใ‚Œใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจ็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:05
Until then, thank you for watching
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ใใ‚Œใพใงใ€ใ”่ฆ–่ดใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
12:07
and happy studies!
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ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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