Improve Your English Fluency FAST | Reading and Listening Method

15,029 views ใƒป 2024-11-04

JForrest English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Did you hear that the Sahara Desert hasย  flooded for the first time in decades?
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์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์ด ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋งŒ์— ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์นจ์ˆ˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์†Œ์‹์„ ๋“ค์œผ์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
00:06
That's what we'll review in thisย  Learn English with the news lessonย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‰ด์Šค ๋ ˆ์Šจ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์–ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ณต์Šตํ•  ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
00:10
so you can improve all areas of your English.
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์˜์–ด์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜์—ญ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:13
You'll improve your vocabulary,ย  grammar, pronunciation and speaking.
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์–ดํœ˜, ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•, ๋ฐœ์Œ, ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
Welcome back to JForrest English.
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JForrest English์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
Of course, I'm Jennifer.
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๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด์ฃ . ์ €๋Š” ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
Now let's get started.
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์ด์ œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
Our headline, The Sahara Desertย  flooded for the first time in decades.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์ธ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์€ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋งŒ์— ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ์— ์ž ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
Have you seen these images online?
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์ด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
00:31
First, let's look at the grammar here.
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๋จผ์ € ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
What verb tense is this?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
00:34
The Sahara desert flooded.
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์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒ”๋žŒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
It's the past.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
Simple, right?
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์ฃ ?
00:39
But notice we have for the first time in decades.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋งŒ์— ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ๊ฒช์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
00:44
What does this tell you grammaticallyย  that we generally use for verb tenses?
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์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:50
To me it sounds that we needย  the present perfect has flooded.
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๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜์ณ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
Now in headlines they generally omit auxiliaryย  verbs or subjects when they're not necessary.
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์ด์ œ ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณด์กฐ ๋™์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋žตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
So although you see flooded, it is possible thatย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ™์ˆ˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
01:09
the writer used the present perfectย  but just omitted the auxiliary verb.
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์ž‘๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋งŒ ์ƒ๋žตํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
The Sahara desert has flooded, soย  this is a completed pass action.
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์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์ด ์นจ์ˆ˜๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํŒจ์Šค ์•ก์…˜์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
As you can see, it's complete, butย  there's a result in the present.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ์—๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
So has flooded for the first time in decades.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋งŒ์— ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ํ™์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
How long is in decades?
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ๋…„์ด๋ฉด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋‚˜์š”?
01:34
If you had to say a specific numberย  of years, what would you say?
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ํŠน์ • ์—ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:40
Well, it would be a minimum of 20 years,ย  but it could be more but in decades.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ตœ์†Œ 20๋…„์ด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
1 decade is 10 years.
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10๋…„์€ 10๋…„์ด๋‹ค.
01:50
So if we have a plural on this,ย  we know it must be 20 years.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด 20๋…„์ด ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
But we also use this for more, soย  it can be 20-30, forty, even longer.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์šฉ๋„๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ 20-30, 40, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋” ๊ธธ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
In a longer full sentence, you might makeย  a statement like this is the first time.
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๋” ๊ธด ์ „์ฒด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ง„์ˆ ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
Don't forget the because it'sย  required when you use ordinal numbers.
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์„œ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
02:15
First, of course, is written asย  this, which is an ordinal number.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ฒซ์งธ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์“ฐ์—ฌ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ , ์ด๋Š” ์„œ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
This is the first time.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
And then you can have whatever actionย  you want in the present perfect.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:27
For example, I've studied English and thenย  you can say in and you can you have yourย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ in์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด
02:33
time reference in hours, minutes, seconds,ย  even in days, in weeks, in months, in years.
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์‹œ, ๋ถ„, ์ดˆ, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ผ, ์ฃผ, ์›”, ๋…„ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
Now hopefully you don't say this is theย  first time I've studied English in years,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด๋ฒˆ์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹œ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
but even if you do, at least you're here now.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ ์–ด๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
So this is a very common sentence structure inย  the present perfect combining your time reference.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:54
Notice you have an S on all the timeย  periods and you use the preposition in.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— S๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ in์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๊ฐ•์˜ PDF์— ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์š”์•ฝ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
03:01
Don't worry about taking these notes becauseย  I summarize everything in a free lesson PDF.
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์ด ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š” .
03:07
You can find the link in the description.
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์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
Now, maybe it has been a while since youย  watched one of my lessons or maybe not.
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์ œ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์‹  ์ง€ ๊ฝค ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚ฌ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์•ˆ ๋ณด์…จ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
So put let's go, let's go in the comments.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ฐ€์ž, ๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ž.
03:18
If you're excited, you're ready to learn.
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๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
Put Let's go in the commentsย  and let's continue on.
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๋Œ“๊ธ€์— Let's go๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
Striking images from the Sahara Desert showย  large lakes etched into rolling sand dunes.
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์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์˜ ์ธ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์—๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ถˆ๊ตฌ๋ถˆํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ž˜ ์–ธ๋•์— ์ƒˆ๊ฒจ์ง„ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
Let's take a look at striking asย  an adjective, a striking image.
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๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๋Š” , ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
This is one that attracts a lot of attention.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
It could be because it'sย  very unique or very unusual,ย ย 
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๋งค์šฐ ๋…ํŠนํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งค์šฐ ํŠน์ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
03:48
but either way it attracts a lot of attention.
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์–ด๋Š ์ชฝ์ด๋“  ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
Now let's look at etched into so something,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์—์นญ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
the large links are edged into somethingย  else, in this case rolling sand dunes.
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ํฐ ๋งํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ(์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ถˆ๊ตฌ๋ถˆํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ž˜ ์–ธ๋•)์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ž๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
So this means carved, engraved or marked deeply.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒˆ๊ฒจ์กŒ๋‹ค, ์ƒˆ๊ฒจ์กŒ๋‹ค, ๊นŠ์ด ์ƒˆ๊ฒจ์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค.
04:07
So in this case, it means the water.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ฌผ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
If the water is etched into the sand dunes,ย ย 
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์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์— ๋ฌผ์ด ์ƒˆ๊ฒจ์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:14
it means the water is there very deeply andย  it suggests a sense of permanence as well.
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๋ฌผ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊นŠ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋ฉฐ ์˜์†์„ฑ์„ ์•”์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
Now we use this expression etched into youย  can etch something into a rock or a carvingย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Etched into youย ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์œ„๋‚˜ ์กฐ๊ฐ์— ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ƒˆ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
04:29
to say that your initials or yourย  design will be there permanently.
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๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์ด๋‹ˆ์…œ์ด๋‚˜ ๋””์ž์ธ์ด ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
But we also use this for a memory.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ถ”์–ต์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰
04:39
You could say the striking images ofย  the Sahara are etched into my memory,ย ย 
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์˜ ์ธ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด ๊ธฐ์–ต ์†์— ๊ฐ์ธ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
which means they're there permanently.
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์ฆ‰, ๊ทธ ๊ณณ์— ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
So we use this if somethingย  is etched into your memory.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ธฐ์–ต์— ์ƒˆ๊ฒจ์ ธ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
You could use this for a very vivid orย  strong event or image or experience,ย ย 
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๋งค์šฐ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜,
05:01
positive or negative, that isย  just there permanently or lasting.
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๊ธ์ •์ ์ด๋“  ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ด๋“  ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ
05:08
Let's continue after one of the mostย  arid, barren places in the world.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฑด์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฒ™๋ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ณณ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๊ณณ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณ„์† ๊ฐ€๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:15
So this describes the Sahara Desert, arid andย  barren, was hit with its first floods in decades.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑด์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ชจ์˜ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์ด ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋งŒ์— ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ํ™์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋งž์•˜์Œ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
So here again, this in decades.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ, ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋งŒ์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
How long is this now?
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์ง€๊ธˆ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋๋‚˜์š”?
05:29
You know it's a minimum of 20 years.
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์ตœ์†Œ 20๋…„์ธ๊ฑฐ ์•„์‹œ์ฃ ?
05:33
Exactly two adjectivesย  specific to desert climates.
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์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ๊ธฐํ›„์— ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
Arid, Extremely dry.
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๊ฑด์กฐํ•จ, ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฑด์กฐํ•จ.
05:41
You would describe it as arid.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฑด์กฐํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
The desert is arid now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์€ ๊ฑด์กฐํ•ด์š”.
05:46
Barren means unable to produce life.
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๋ถˆ์ž„์ด๋ž€ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค.
05:50
Now obviously life is producedย  because you see plant life here,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
but it says one of the most arid, the most barren.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฉ”๋งˆ๋ฅธ, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฒ™๋ฐ•ํ•œ ์‹๋ฌผ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
So it doesn't mean there is zero life, but it isย  saying that out of all the places, this is whereย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๊ณณ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ ์ค‘์—์„œ
06:05
the least amount of life is possible because ofย  the conditions, the arid conditions specifically.
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์กฐ๊ฑด, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฑด์กฐํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
And another thing, notice this verb hit.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์€ ์ด ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํžˆํŠธํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
But remember, this is an irregular verb.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
06:18
All three conjugations are hit.
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์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ™œ์šฉํ˜•์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ ์ค‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
So the base verb hit, the past simpleย  hit, and the participle is hit.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ hit, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ hit, ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ hit์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
Let's continue.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
06:28
The Sahara does experience rain.
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์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ์—๋Š” ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
What do you notice about this part?
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์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ ์ด ๋Š๊ปด์ง€๋‚˜์š”?
06:33
Grammatically, the Sahara does experience rain.
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์—๋Š” ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
Well, this is in the present simple verb tense.
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์Œ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
And as you know, you just need yourย  verb and then you would conjugateย ย 
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์–ด
06:46
it with the subject the Sahara is itย  so you add the S or ES to your verb.
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the Sahara is it๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ์— S ๋˜๋Š” ES๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
You don't need the auxiliaryย  verb do in the present simple.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์—์„œ๋Š” ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ do๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
So because this isn't required,ย  it means it's there to emphasize.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Š” ํ•„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
This is called the emphatic do.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด
07:05
You can use it to emphasize the factย  that even though it's the most aridย ย 
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๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด
07:11
and barren place in the world,ย  or 1 of it does experience rain.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฑด์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฒ™๋ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ณณ์ž„์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜จ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
It sounds stronger than simply sayingย  the Sahara experiences rain becauseย ย 
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์— ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
07:22
remember as the normal present simple, youย  would add the S to your verb experience.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋ฉด ๋™์‚ฌ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— S๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
But here, because you're using theย  emphatic, do you add the conjugation,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์กฐํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ™œ์šฉํ˜•์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:33
in this case ES to do, and thenย  you leave this as as the base verb.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ES to do๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋‘ก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
The Sahara does experience rain.
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์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ์—๋Š” ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
It emphasizes the fact, but rememberย  it's not grammatically required.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์ˆ˜๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—
07:47
Is just a way to add moreย  information to your sentence.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:53
The Sahara does experience rain, but usually justย  a few inches a year and rarely in late summer.
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์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์—๋Š” ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ 1๋…„์— ๋ช‡ ์ธ์น˜์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋Šฆ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์—๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
So you can say all year per year or everyย  year to mean one all year is very common.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ผ๋…„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋งค๋…„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๋Š” ์ผ๋…„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
You can say I study English once a week,ย  once a week, once per week, once every week.
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์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ, ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ, ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ, ๋งค์ฃผ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
So those are the three options available.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ต์…˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
Are you enjoying this lesson?
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
08:26
If you are, then I want to tell youย  about the Finally Fluent Academy.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ Fluent Academy์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
This is my premium training program whereย  we study native English speakers from TV,ย ย 
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TV,
08:37
the movies, YouTube, and the news.
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์˜ํ™”, ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ, ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ์—„ ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
So you can improve your listeningย  skills of fast English, expand yourย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์˜์–ด ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ,
08:44
vocabulary with natural expressions,ย  and learn advanced grammar easily.
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์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ ์–ดํœ˜๋ ฅ์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ , ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
Plus, you'll have me as your personal coach.
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ฝ”์น˜๋กœ ์‚ผ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด
08:53
You can look in the descriptionย  for the link to learn more,ย ย 
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์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
08:56
or you can go to my website andย  click on Finally Fluent Academy.
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๋‚ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ Final Fluent Academy๋ฅผ โ€‹โ€‹ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
09:00
Now let's continue with ourย  lesson over two days in September.
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์ด์ œ 9์›”์— ์ดํ‹€ ๋™์•ˆ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
So notice we use the prepositionย  for a month in September and usingย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 9์›” ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ 
09:12
over over two days in Septemberย  over represents the entirety of.
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9์›”์— ์ดํ‹€ ์ด์ƒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
So you could say I studiedย  English over the weekend,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋ง์— ์˜์–ด ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
09:24
and it sounds like the entirety ofย  your weekend was devoted to English.
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์ฃผ๋ง ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์˜์–ด ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
09:30
I studied English over the weekend.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ง์— ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
So over two days in September, however,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 9์›” ์ดํ‹€์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋ชจ๋กœ์ฝ” ๋‚จ๋™๋ถ€์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ์ผ๋ถ€
09:38
intense rain fell in parts ofย  the desert in southeast Morocco.
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์ง€์—ญ์— ํญ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:43
Now notice here they're using.
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
09:45
However, this is to show a contrast.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Š” ๋Œ€์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
09:48
The contrast is the fact thatย  it rarely rains in late summerย ย 
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๋Œ€์กฐ์ ์ธ ์ ์€ ๋Šฆ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์—๋Š” ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ
09:54
and September could be considered late summer.
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9์›”์€ ๋Šฆ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
So they're using this to say, although we justย  said it rarely rains now, it got intense rain.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚ด๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:04
So this, however, is used to show thatย  contrast to connect those two ideas together.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Š” ๋‘ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
However, intense rain fell in parts of the desertย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
10:14
in southeast Morocco after a low pressureย  system pushed across northwestern Sahara.
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์ €๊ธฐ์••์ด ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ๋ถ์„œ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์งˆ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐ€๋ ค๊ฐ„ ํ›„ ๋ชจ๋กœ์ฝ” ๋‚จ๋™๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ์— ํญ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
And here instead of saying pushed across,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐ€์–ด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์—
10:25
you could simply say movedย  across a low pressure system.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์ €์••๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์งˆ๋Ÿฌ ์›€์ง์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
This is a weather event that canย  cause rain or other types of weather.
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์ด๋Š” ๋น„๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋‚ ์”จ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ƒ ํ˜„์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
A low pressure system pushedย  across moved or traveled across.
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์ €์•• ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๋ฐ€์–ด์„œ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ด๋™ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:41
But these alternatives exist because they add theyย  communicate a meaning when you use pushed across.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์€ push across๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
This is a strong term because when you pushย  it's more intentional and it sounds forceful,ย ย 
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๋ฐ€๋ฉด ๋” ์˜๋„์ ์ด๊ณ  ํž˜์ฐจ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์šฉ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:55
where and then in this case you have intenseย  rain, so this also sounds forceful as well.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ํž˜์ฐจ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
So adding these words can reallyย  help you understand or create aย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด
11:07
more vivid image to help etch this into your mind.
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๋” ์ƒ์ƒํ•œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งˆ์Œ์†์— ๊ฐ์ธ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
Let's continue preliminary NASA satellite data.
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์˜ˆ๋น„ NASA ์œ„์„ฑ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
OK.
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์ข‹์•„์š”.
11:18
Preliminary means that it's theย  first available but not complete.
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์˜ˆ๋น„๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:24
So this is commonly used withย  data, information studies,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ, ์ •๋ณด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ,
11:29
research, analysis, debates, ideas, decisions.
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์กฐ์‚ฌ, ๋ถ„์„, ํ† ๋ก , ์•„์ด๋””์–ด, ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
So it's the first one, but it suggestsย  that if more data comes about,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋ฉด
11:42
then the the information orย  the decisions may change.
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์ •๋ณด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด ๋ฐ”๋€” ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•”์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
So this is the first piece of data that they have.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
And this preliminary data showed nearly 8ย  inches of rain in some parts of the region.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์˜ˆ๋น„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ์—๋Š” ์•ฝ 8์ธ์น˜์˜ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:58
So because it's preliminary, it meansย  that this number could decrease or itย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋น„์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
12:03
could increase when they do further analysis.
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์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
One desert city in southeast Moroccoย  recorded nearly 3 inches of rainfall,ย ย 
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๋ชจ๋กœ์ฝ” ๋‚จ๋™๋ถ€์˜ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ 3์ธ์น˜์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
12:14
most of it across just two days last month.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ง€๋‚œ ๋‹ฌ์—๋Š” ๋‹จ ์ดํ‹€ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฐ•์šฐ๋Ÿ‰์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
In this case, you could alsoย  say over two days last month.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ง€๋‚œ ๋‹ฌ์— ์ดํ‹€ ์ด์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
Remember we talked about over being theย  entirety or the totality of two days?
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์ดํ‹€ ์ „์ฒด ๋˜๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”? ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ
12:32
You could use a cross toย  mean the exact same thing.
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๋กœ ์‹ญ์ž๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
12:36
Sometimes they're not interchangeable though.
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ตํ™˜์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:38
In terms of rain, we often talk aboutย  rain across a city or across an area,ย ย 
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๋น„์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ๋„์‹œ ์ „์—ญ, ์ง€์—ญ ์ „์—ญ,
12:47
across a country even, and thatย  means from one side to the other.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ๋น„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํ•œ์ชฝ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ชฝ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๋น„๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
It doesn't necessarily have to beย  from left to right or right to left,ย ย 
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๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์™ผ์ชฝ์—์„œ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์—์„œ ์™ผ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ,
12:57
it just means across a country.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•  ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:00
So it rained across Moroccoย  from one side to the other.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ชจ๋กœ์ฝ” ์ „์—ญ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ํ•œ์ชฝ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:05
So in this case you wouldn'tย  say it rained over Morocco.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ชจ๋กœ์ฝ”์— ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:09
It's the wrong word choice.
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋‹จ์–ด ์„ ํƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:11
We use across to mean one side toย  the other, but for over 2 days youย ย 
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across๋Š” ํ•œ์ชฝ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ชฝ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ , 2์ผ ์ด์ƒ ๋™์•ˆ์—๋Š”
13:18
could use over or across and it would haveย  the same meaning to mean the entirety of.
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over ๋˜๋Š” across๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:25
That's more than four times the normalย  rainfall for the whole month of September.
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์ด๋Š” 9์›” ์ „์ฒด ํ‰๊ท  ๊ฐ•์šฐ๋Ÿ‰์˜ 4๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:33
Notice this grammar here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
13:35
I see a lot of mistakes withย  this specific time reference.
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์ด ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 9์›”
13:39
The is required the wholeย  month of and then in thisย ย 
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์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด
13:46
case September because that's theย  month the whole month of September.
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๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” 9์›” ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด 9์›” ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋‹ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:52
You could also say all of September,ย  but in this case there's no the inย ย 
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9์›” ์ „์ฒด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
13:57
front of it for all of September,ย  for the whole month of September.
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9์›” ์ „์ฒด, ์ฆ‰ 9์›” ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ์•ž์— ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:03
Both are correct, but the grammar is different andย ย 
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋งž์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋ฉฐ
14:06
equates to more than half aย  year's worth for this area.
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์ด ์˜์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐ˜๋…„ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:12
Now you could absolutely say equates toย  more than half a year's worth for this area.
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋…„ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:18
Instead you could simply say equals.
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๋Œ€์‹  ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ฐ™์Œ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:20
But if you use equals, there's No 2.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ™์Œ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด 2๋ฒˆ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:23
So notice equals replaces equates and theย  preposition 2 and equals more than half a yearsย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ™์Œ์€ ๋“ฑ์‹์„ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ 2 ๋ฐ ๊ฐ™์Œ์€ ๋ฐ˜๋…„ ์ด์ƒ์„
14:31
represents again, no preposition represents moreย  than half a years, or you could say amounts 2.
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๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋…„ ์ด์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธˆ์•ก 2๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:38
So for this specific 1, youย  do need the preposition 2.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ํŠน์ • 1์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ , ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ 2๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:41
So when you are learningย  synonyms or any expressions,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™์˜์–ด๋‚˜ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๋•Œ
14:45
is really important that youย  learn all parts of it as well.
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ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:49
Specifically any auxiliary verbsย  or prepositions that are required.
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ํŠนํžˆ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋งŒํŠธ๋ฆฐ์„ ๋จน์€ ์ง€
14:56
It's been 30 to 50 yearsย  since we had this mantrine.
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30~50๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
15:00
In such a short space of time.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
15:03
You can say space of time, a short space of time.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„, ์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:06
It's very common, perhaps more common to use span.
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๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:10
I'm sure you've heard lifespan,ย  so that's where it comes from,ย ย 
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์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด
15:14
a short span of time, whichย  means also you could say.
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์งง์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:18
A short period of time period.
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์งง์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„.
15:22
So span, space.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฒ”์œ„, ๊ณต๊ฐ„.
15:24
All alternatives.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ€์•ˆ.
15:25
I would say span is probably the most common.
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์ŠคํŒฌ(span)์ด ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:29
Now, this made me think of a commonย  expression as well, which is unseasonably,ย ย 
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์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„๋„ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์— ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ, ๊ณ„์ ˆ
15:35
unseasonably, which is your adverb.
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์— ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:37
And then you can have whatever adjective you want.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:40
So you can say it's been unseasonably wet.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์— ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ์ –์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
15:45
This means more than normal for that time of year.
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์ด๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ‰์†Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:50
This should be just of year for that time of year.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋…„ ์ค‘ ๊ทธ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฑ ๋งž๋Š” ํ•ด์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:53
So right now, if it is late summer like it isย  for the Sahara desert, that is the time of year.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ์ด ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Šฆ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:01
If it's winter, if it's January, if it's summer,ย ย 
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๊ฒจ์šธ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, 1์›”์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ด๋ผ๋ฉด,
16:05
spring, whatever time of year itย  is, it means more than normal.
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๋ด„, ์–ด๋Š ๊ณ„์ ˆ ์ด๋“  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ‰์†Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:10
So it's been unseasonably wet.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์— ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ์Šตํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
16:13
It's been more wet than normal,ย  unseasonably dry, hot, cold, humid,ย ย 
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ํ‰์†Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์Šตํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๊ณ„์ ˆ์— ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๊ฑด์กฐํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๋ฅ๊ณ , ์ถฅ๊ณ , ์Šตํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
16:19
rainy, snowy, whatever specific expressionย  you want to use to describe the weather.
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๋น„์˜ค๊ณ , ๋ˆˆ์ด ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋‚ ์”จ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๊ฐ„์—์š”.
16:27
So that's a great one to have in your vocabularyย  because everyone loves talking about the weather.
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋‚ ์”จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์–ดํœ˜์— ํฌํ•จํ•ด ๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:33
As the rain flowed over the desert terrain,ย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ์ง€ํ˜• ์œ„๋กœ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ ์•ผ์ž์ˆ˜ ์‚ฌ์ด๋กœ
16:37
it created a new wateryย  landscape amid the palm trees.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌผ ํ’๊ฒฝ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
16:42
And scrubby flora amid means in the middle ofย  or surrounded by and flora means plant life.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ด€๋ชฉ ์‹๋ฌผ์€ ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:53
I didn't know what scrubby floraย  meant, so this word is new to me.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ด€๋ชฉ ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ž๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋‚ฏ์„ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:58
Scrubby and I love plants,ย  so I'm happy to learn this.
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Scrubby์™€ ์ €๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด์„œ ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:02
Maybe you'll never use this in your vocabulary,ย  but scrubby means that is low growing.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ดํœ˜์—์„œ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์Šคํฌ๋Ÿฌ๋น„(scrubby)๋Š” ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:08
So if this is the ground, maybe itย  only grows an inch or a few inches.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋•…์ด๋ผ๋ฉด 1์ธ์น˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ์ธ์น˜๋งŒ ์ž๋ž„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:13
I don't know how high or how low itย  would be to be considered scrubby,ย ย 
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋†’๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚ฎ์€์ง€๋Š” ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ,
17:19
but let's just say low growing.
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๋‚ฎ์€ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:21
Growing low to the ground is scrubby.
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๋•…๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€์ €๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:24
Plant life.
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์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช….
17:25
That's an interesting adjective.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:27
New one for me in desertย  communities frequented by tourist.
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๊ด€๊ด‘๊ฐ์ด ์ž์ฃผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:32
Four by fours.
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4x4.
17:33
So notice you say this timesย  as by 4 by fours, 4 by fours.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ 4 x 4, 4 x 4๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
17:39
You don't say 4 * 4 in math.
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์—์„œ๋Š” 4 * 4๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:43
If this were a mathematics equation,ย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
17:46
you would represent this as timesย  4 * 4 is noted in the comments.
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์ฃผ์„์— 4 * 4๋ฒˆ์ด ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:54
Can you do mental math?
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์ •์‹ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
17:55
4 by 4, So 4 * 4 in math.
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4x4์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์—์„œ๋Š” 4*4๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:59
But in this case, this isn't a math equation.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:01
Thankfully not a math teacher.
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๋‹คํ–‰์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:04
So 4x4.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 4x4.
18:06
This represents by 4 by 4.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 4x4๋ฅผ โ€‹โ€‹๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:07
Do you know what A four by four?
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A 4x4๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
18:10
Well, this might give you a clue.
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์Œ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹จ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:12
Motored through?
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์ž๋™์ฐจ๋กœ ํ†ต๊ณผํ–ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
18:14
Motored through puddles.
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์›…๋ฉ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋กœ ์šด์ „ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:17
Maybe this tells you that it's a vehicle.
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:20
A4 by 4 is a vehicle that has four wheelย  drive, also referred to as all-wheel drive.
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A4 by 4๋Š” 4๋ฅœ ๊ตฌ๋™(4๋ฅœ ๊ตฌ๋™์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•จ)์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:33
Personally, I generally think of SU VS orย  Jeeps when I think of four by fours, but Iย ย 
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ 4x4 ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ SU VS๋‚˜ ์ง€ํ”„๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ,
18:40
don't know that much about vehicles and cars, soย  I don't know the specifics of this to be honest.
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์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ด๋‚˜ ์ฐจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•„๋Š” ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์—†์–ด์„œ ์†”์งํžˆ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:47
So 4 by fours motored through the puddlesย  and residents surveyed the scene in awe.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 4x4๊ฐ€ ์›…๋ฉ์ด ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋กœ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ”๊ณ  ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฝ์™ธ๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋ฉฐ ํ˜„์žฅ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:53
So in awe.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฒฝ์™ธ๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:55
Imagine you're in this Jeep and you're motoringย  through, you're going through all these puddlesย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด Jeep์„ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์šด์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌผ์ด ํŠ€๋Š” ์›…๋ฉ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
19:01
splashing everywhere, everywhere, but this isย  the desert and you're just wow, that's amazing.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์ธ๋ฐ ์ •๋ง ์™€, ์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:08
So that would be in awe.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒฝ์™ธ๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๋‚„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:11
That's literally the image that you would have.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:14
So an image like that would beย  etched into your memory for sure.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช… ๊ธฐ์–ต ์†์— ๊ฐ์ธ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:20
Let's continue the bounty of rainfall.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ํ’์„ฑํ•œ ๊ฐ•์šฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ž.
19:23
Bounty sounds like a large amountย  of the abundance of rainfall.
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ํ˜„์ƒ๊ธˆ์€ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์–‘์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
19:29
And in all three cases, you need thisย  preposition of so it's the abundanceย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ด ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
19:34
of something large amount of bountyย  of rainfall will likely help refill.
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๊ฐ•์šฐ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•จ์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฑ„์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:41
So likely means it's possible but not guaranteed.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณด์žฅ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:47
So maybe 80% will happen, but there'sย  still that 20% chance it won't happen.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ 80%๋Š” ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ 20%์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:54
I'll likely go to the partyย  means 80% I'll be there butย ย 
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ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ๊ฐˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ 80%๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
20:00
still 20% I'll stay home and watch Netflix.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ 20%๋Š” ์ง‘์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋ฉด์„œ Netflix๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:03
So I'll likely go to the party isn't guaranteed.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ณด์žฅ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:07
The bounty of rainfall will likely helpย ย 
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ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์€
20:09
refill the large under large groundwaterย  groundwater aquifers beneath the desert.
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์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฑ„์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:18
So this is just the the area thatย  stores the water, the groundwater.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌผ, ์ฆ‰ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์—ญ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:24
So the water from the ground aquifers beneath theย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
20:28
desert that are relied upon toย  supply water in desert communities.
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์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:35
The region's damned reservoirsย  reported refilling at record rates.
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์ด ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ €์ฃผ๋ฐ›์€ ์ €์ˆ˜์ง€๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ก์ ์ธ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฑ„์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:41
So reservoir would again be anย  area that stores water and refill.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ €์ˆ˜์ง€๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฌผ์„ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฌ์ถฉ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์—ญ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์‚ฌ
20:47
When you add re in front of theย  verb, it means to do it again.
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์•ž์— re๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ด๋ฉด ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:51
So if the reservoir is empty, you needย  to refill it, Just like if your waterย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌผํ†ต์ด ๋น„์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฑ„์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์น˜
20:56
glass is empty and you're at a restaurant,ย  they'll ask you would you like a refill?
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๋ฌผ์ž”์ด ๋น„์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ ˆ์Šคํ† ๋ž‘์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฌผ์„ ์ฑ„์›Œ ๋“œ๋ฆด๊นŒ์š”?๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:04
Would you like more water?
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๋ฌผ์„ ๋” ๋“œ๋ฆด๊นŒ์š”?
21:06
Because I already filled your glass once,ย ย 
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์ด๋ฏธ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์ž”์„ ์ฑ„์› ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
21:09
so I'm asking if you want me to fillย  it again, would you like a refill?
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฑ„์›Œ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ฆฌํ•„ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
21:14
And they'll ask that for any beverage,ย  coffee, tea, water, soft drinks.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์Œ๋ฃŒ, ์ปคํ”ผ, ์ฐจ, ๋ฌผ, ์ฒญ๋Ÿ‰์Œ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:19
Would you like a refill?
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๋ฆฌํ•„ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
21:22
Our last sentence.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฌธ์žฅ.
21:23
However, it's unclear how far September'sย  rains will go toward alleviating drought.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 9์›”์˜ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋ญ„์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ ์ง€๋Š” ๋ถˆ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:31
So alleviating means making the droughtย  less severe or reducing the drought.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์™„ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€๋ญ„์„ ๋œ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๋ญ„์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:40
If you have a headache, you would take some sortย  of pain reliever pill to alleviate your symptoms,ย ย 
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๋‘ํ†ต์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ง„ํ†ต์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณต์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ฆ์ƒ์˜
21:48
to make them less strong, to reduceย  them or to eliminate them entirely.
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๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ์•ฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ , ์ค„์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์—†์• ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณต์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:55
And notice again, we're using this word, however,ย  to connect ideas that are contrasting becauseย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€์กฐ๋˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
22:01
they just talked about getting a large amount ofย  rain and refilling the reservoirs and aquifers.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ €์ˆ˜์ง€์™€ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฑ„์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:08
But then they're saying that they're not sure.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ™•์‹ ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:11
It's unclear if it will alleviate drought, ifย  it will reduce the severity of the drought.
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๊ฐ€๋ญ„์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€, ๊ฐ€๋ญ„์˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ์„ฑ์„ ์ค„์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๋Š” ๋ถˆ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:19
So this, however, introduces a contrasting idea.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๋˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:24
Let's take these two contrasting ideas.
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์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๋˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:27
I love learning English with the news.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:29
Do you, do you love learning Englishย  with the news like we just did?
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๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
22:33
Now hopefully you're thinkingย  yes, yes, yes I do, yes, yes, yes.
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ' ๊ทธ๋ž˜, ๊ทธ๋ž˜, ๊ทธ๋ž˜, ๊ทธ๋ž˜, ๊ทธ๋ž˜, ๊ทธ๋ž˜, ๊ทธ๋ž˜'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:37
So put yes, yes, yes.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์˜ˆ, ์˜ˆ, ์˜ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
22:38
If you do.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด.
22:39
I love learning English with the news.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:42
I haven't subscribed to Jennifer's channel.
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:46
So this is a contrast, but right nowย  it sounds like just two separate ideas.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ณ„๊ฐœ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:51
I don't understand reallyย  the connection between them.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:55
So to show that connection,ย  we can use a connecting word.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:58
And because it's a contrasting idea, we canย  just put however at the beginning, however,ย ย 
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๋Œ€์กฐ์ ์ธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์€
23:06
and then your idea to show the connection.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:10
I love learning English with the news, However,ย  I haven't subscribed to Jennifer's channel.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:15
Well, change.
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋ผ.
23:16
Just subscribe like this lesson, because thenย  you're notified every time I post a new one.
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์ด ๊ฐ•์˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒŒ์‹œํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:21
And I post lots of Learnย  English with the news lessons.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‰ด์Šค ๋ ˆ์Šจ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ Learn English๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฒŒ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:25
So that's the end of this article.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด ๊ธ€์˜ ๋์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:27
So what I'll do is I'll read theย  article from start to finish,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฝ์–ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ,
23:30
and this time you can focus on my pronunciation.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ๋ฐœ์Œ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:33
The Sahara Desert flooded forย  the first time in decades.
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์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์ด ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋งŒ์— ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์นจ์ˆ˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:38
Striking images from the Sahara Desert showย  large links etched into rolling sand dunesย ย 
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์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์˜ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋Š”
23:44
after one of the most arid, barren places in theย  world was hit with its first flood in decades.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฑด์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™ฉ๋Ÿ‰ํ•œ ๊ณณ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋งŒ์— ์ฒซ ํ™์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์€ ํ›„ ๊ตฌ๋ถˆ๊ตฌ๋ถˆํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ž˜ ์–ธ๋•์— ์ƒˆ๊ฒจ์ง„ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:50
The Sahara Duns experience rain, but usually justย  a few inches a year and rarely in late summer.
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์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ๋˜์Šค(Sahara Duns)์—๋Š” ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ 1๋…„์— ๋ช‡ ์ธ์น˜์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋Šฆ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์—๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:58
Over 2 days in September, however, intenseย  rain fell in parts of the desert in southeastย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 9์›”์—๋Š” ์ดํ‹€์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ๋ถ์„œ์ชฝ์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ์ €๊ธฐ์•• ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์œ ์ž…๋œ ํ›„ ๋ชจ๋กœ์ฝ” ๋‚จ๋™์ชฝ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ์— ํญ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
24:04
Morocco after a low pressure systemย  pushed across northwestern Sahara.
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.
24:09
Preliminary Nassau satellite data showed nearlyย  8 inches of rain in some parts of the region.
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์˜ˆ๋น„ ๋‚˜์†Œ ์œ„์„ฑ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ด ์ง€์—ญ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ์—๋Š” ์•ฝ 8์ธ์น˜์˜ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:16
1 desert city in southeast Moroccoย  recording nearly 3 inches of rainfall,ย ย 
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๋ชจ๋กœ์ฝ” ๋‚จ๋™๋ถ€์˜ 1๊ฐœ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ 3์ธ์น˜์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ฐ•์šฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
24:21
most of it across just two days last month.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ง€๋‚œ ๋‹ฌ์—๋Š” ๋‹จ ์ดํ‹€ ๋™์•ˆ๋งŒ ๊ฐ•์šฐ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:24
That's more than four times theย  normal rainfall for the wholeย ย 
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์ด๋Š” 9์›” ์ „์ฒด์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์˜ 4๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์น˜์ด๋ฉฐ,
24:27
month of September and equates to moreย  than half a year's worth for this area.
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์ด ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฐ˜๋…„ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—
24:33
It's been 30 to 50 years since we had thisย  much rain in such a short space of time.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ ๊ฒŒ 30~50๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
24:39
As the rain flowed over the desert terrain,ย  it created a new watery landscape amid theย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ์ง€ํ˜• ์œ„๋กœ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ด€๊ด‘๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ์ž์ฃผ ์ฐพ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์•ผ์ž์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ด€๋ชฉ์ด ๋ฌด์„ฑํ•œ ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌผ ํ’๊ฒฝ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
24:44
palm trees and scrubby flora in desertย  communities frequented by tourists.
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24:49
4 by fours motored through the puddlesย  and residents surveyed the scene in awe.
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4 ๋Œ€ 4 ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์›…๋ฉ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฝ์™ธ๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋ฉฐ ํ˜„์žฅ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:54
The bounty of rainfall will likelyย  help refill the large groundwaterย ย 
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ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์€
24:58
aquifers beneath the desert that are reliedย  upon to supply water in desert communities.
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์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฑ„์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:04
The region's damned reservoirs reportedย  refilling at record throughout September.
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์ด ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ €์ฃผ๋ฐ›์€ ์ €์ˆ˜์ง€๋Š” 9์›” ๋‚ด๋‚ด ๊ธฐ๋ก์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฑ„์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:10
However, it's unclear how far September'sย  rains will go toward alleviating drought.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 9์›”์˜ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋ญ„์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ ์ง€๋Š” ๋ถˆ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:16
So do you want me to make more lessonsย  where we learn English with the news?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ฃผ์‹ค๋ž˜์š” ?
25:20
If you do, put yes, yes, yes, putย  yes, yes, yes in the comments below.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์˜ˆ, ์˜ˆ, ์˜ˆ, ์˜ˆ, ์˜ˆ, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
25:24
And of course, make sure you like this lesson,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ์…จ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ,
25:26
share it with your friends and subscribe soย  you're notified every time I post a new lesson.
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์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒŒ์‹œํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:31
And you can get this free speakingย  guide where I share 6 tips on howย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
25:34
to speak English fluently and confidently.
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์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 6๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŒ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:36
You can click here to download it orย  look for the a link in the description.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
25:40
And you can keep improving yourย  English with this lesson right now.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜์–ด ์‹ค๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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