Improve Your English Fluency FAST | Reading and Listening Method

33,039 views ใƒป 2024-06-06

JForrest English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
I have a fun lesson for you today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ ˆ์Šจ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
00:03
You're going to learn English through stories.
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:06
We're going to read four different newsย  articles together, and you're going toย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 4๊ฐœ์˜ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‰ด์Šค ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฝ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€
00:11
learn advanced vocabulary, advancedย  grammar, and correct pronunciation.
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๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์–ดํœ˜, ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
Welcome back to JForrest English.
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JForrest English์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
Of course, I'm Jennifer.
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๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด์ฃ . ์ €๋Š” ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
Now let's get started.
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์ด์ œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
First, I'll read the headline.
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๋จผ์ € ์ œ๋ชฉ์„ ์ฝ์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
Tiktok allows Europe to access researchย  software with eye on EU online content rules.
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Tiktok์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ด EU ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์— ์•ก์„ธ์Šคํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
First, let's talk about this with eye on.
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๋จผ์ € ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:35
That might sound a little odd.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
This is an idiom in English.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋œ ์ˆ™์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
Now, grammatically, the idiomย  is with an eye on something.
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์ด์ œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ๊ด€์šฉ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
Notice the difference here?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
00:52
They left out the article.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋žตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
This is commonly done in headlines ofย  news articles because they always tryย ย 
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๋‰ด์Šค ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ
01:02
to be short and concise, and it's easy to omitย  an article, but grammatically it is required.
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์งง๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋žตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ•„์ˆ˜์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‰ด์Šค ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
It's just an acceptable thing toย  do specifically with headlinesย ย 
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01:17
of news articles with an eye on something.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋‰ด์Šค ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์„ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
This is an idiom and this means to beย  focused on a particular thing or area.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ด€์šฉ์–ด์ด๋ฉฐ ํŠน์ • ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜ ์˜์—ญ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
So here with an eye on EU online contentย  rules, European Union, that's EU.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ EU ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์—ฐํ•ฉ, ์ฆ‰ EU์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
So TikTok allows researchers toย  access the research software,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ TikTok์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์— ์•ก์„ธ์Šคํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ—ˆ์šฉ
01:44
but they're accessing this software or.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์— ์•ก์„ธ์Šคํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
TikTok is.
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ํ‹ฑํ†ก์€์š”. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์—๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜์—ญ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
01:48
Allowing them to do so only focusedย  on this specific area online contentย ย 
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์ด ํŠน์ • ์˜์—ญ์˜ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ๊ทœ์น™์—๋งŒ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ—ˆ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:55
rules because there are many otherย  areas within this research software.
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.
02:03
But the.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ.
02:05
Researchers, the EU researchersย  won't have access to all of that,ย ย 
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„, EU ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์€ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ
02:09
they'll only have access to the online contentย  rules 'cause that's what with an eye on means.
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์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ๊ทœ์น™์—๋งŒ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ
02:14
Don't worry about writing down theย  information because I've createdย ย 
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์ ์–ด ๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์ œ๊ฐ€
02:19
a free lesson PDF so you can look in theย  description for the link to download that.
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๊ฐ•์˜ PDF๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
Let's continue.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:27
Tiktok on Thursday openedย  up its research software.
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Tiktok์€ ๋ชฉ์š”์ผ์— ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
When you open up something to someone,ย  it means you make it available.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
So here they opened up.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
What did they open up?
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์—ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:44
The something is the research software to someone,ย ย 
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€(
02:50
in this case researchers,ย  people who conduct research.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ)์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
So to open up, to open up somethingย  to someone means to make it available.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์—ด์–ด์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
Now, in this case, you mustย  use the phrasal verb open up.
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ open up์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ
03:11
You can't just say to openย  something to someone, it's open up.
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์—ด์–ด๋ณด๋ผ๊ณ ๋งŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์—ด๋ ค ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
So I might say I'm going to open up my analyticsย  to this company, I'm going to make it availableย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๋ ค๋Š”
03:27
and you do that when whatever you're openingย  up is not available to the general public.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋Œ€์ค‘์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
So normally that person would not have accessย  to my analytics, but I'm opening it up to them.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋‚ด ๋ถ„์„์— ์•ก์„ธ์Šคํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
So here opened up its research software toย  researchers in Europe ahead of new EU rules.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด EU ๊ทœ์ •์— ์•ž์„œ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
So they're making this availableย  information that normally wouldn'tย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
be available because soonย  that is going to be a rule.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ณง ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทœ์น™์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
But notice here they said ahead of and that'sย  why I said soon is going to be a rule becauseย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•ž์„œ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณง ๊ทœ์น™์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
04:14
right now, currently it isn't becauseย  they're opening up the software ahead of,ย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ๋กœ์„œ๋Š”
04:22
ahead of means before something happens ahead of.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋จผ์ €, ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋จผ์ € ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
So in this case, beforeย  the rule comes into effect.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™์ด ๋ฐœํšจ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
Before.
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์ „์—.
04:33
I notice you need ahead of ahead of.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์•ž์„œ์„œ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
You may already know theย  expression to be ahead of schedule.
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์˜ˆ์ •๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ž์„œ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
So you have the schedule of allย  the things that you need to do.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์˜ ์ผ์ •์ด ์ •ํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:48
And if you're ahead of schedule, it means you'reย  completing the items faster than you anticipated.
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์ผ์ •๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ž์„œ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
But if you're behind schedule, it's the opposite.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ์ •์ด ๋Šฆ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
You're completing items slower than anticipated,ย  but notice ahead of schedule but behind schedule.
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์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋Š๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ์ •๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ž์„œ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ์ •๋ณด๋‹ค ๋’ค์ฒ˜์ ธ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
So we only need that prepositionย  of with ahead, ahead of schedule,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋น… ํ…Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด EU ๊ทœ์ •๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ž์„œ, ์ผ์ •๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ž์„œ,
05:15
behind schedule, ahead of newย  EU rules requiring big tech.
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์ผ์ •๋ณด๋‹ค ๋Šฆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋งŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:21
Big tech refers to the big technologyย  companies such as Tiktok, Google,ย ย 
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๋น…ํ…Œํฌ๋ž€ Tiktok, Google, Facebook๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉฐ
05:29
Facebook, which is actually ownedย  by Meta and Twitter and other bigย ย 
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” Meta์™€ Twitter ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€
05:36
tech companies as well to doย  more to police online content.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
So notice here police is beingย  used as a verb to police.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ Police๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
05:47
You're probably more familiar with it as a noun.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋” ์ต์ˆ™ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
I saw a police officer, There's the police.
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„ ๋ดค์–ด์š”. ์ €๊ธฐ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
05:56
But here it's a verb.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
Technically the police.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ.
06:01
Police, that's what they do, They police.
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด์—์š”. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด์—์š”.
06:04
So that's the verb to police.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
TikTok owned by Chinese technology conglomerate.
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์ค‘๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์†Œ์œ ํ•œ TikTok.
06:13
A conglomerate is one company that owns many otherย  companies, and usually they're smaller companies.
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์†Œ์œ ํ•œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
So this one company isย  made-up of smaller companies,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
06:26
and those smaller companies can beย  completely unrelated to one another.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
One could sell vacuums and anotherย  could be a social media platform.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง„๊ณต์ฒญ์†Œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํŒ๋งคํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
They're totally different, butย  they're owned by the same one company.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ™์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
So Bytedance is the one companyย  that owns many other companies.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ Bytedance๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์†Œ์œ ํ•œ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
One of those being Tiktok isย  one of 19 online platforms andย ย 
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Tiktok ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋”
06:57
search engines subject to tougher requirements.
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์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” 19๊ฐœ์˜ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๋ฐ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ์—”์ง„ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
So here, subject to subject.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
You're probably familiar with this as a noun.
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์•„๋งˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•™๊ต
07:09
One subject you studied inย  school is likely English.
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์—์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•œ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์˜์–ด์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
Or maybe a subject you didn't like in schoolย  was history or math or English, for example.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์‹ซ์–ดํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์ด ์—ญ์‚ฌ, ์ˆ˜ํ•™, ์˜์–ด์˜€์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
That's a subject, a school subject.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ, ํ•™๊ต ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:27
In this case, it's a verb because these onlineย ย 
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ
07:32
platforms and search engines areย  subject to tougher requirements.
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ํ”Œ๋žซํผ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ์—”์ง„์—๋Š” ๋” ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
When you're subject to something, it meansย  that that is forced upon you as an obligation.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์— ์ข…์†๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜๋ฌด๋กœ ๊ฐ•์š”๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
For example, cars are subject to subject to.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
This is our verb subject to something to belongsย  to the expression subject to a high domestic tax.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋†’์€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๊ณผ๋˜๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
So the cars receive that as an obligation.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฌด๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ธ๋‹ค.
08:09
They have to follow that they don'tย  have any choice in the manner.
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๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์—๋Š” ์„ ํƒ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
So they're subject to tougher requirementsย  that will kick in from August.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 8์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋Š” ๋” ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
Kick in means to be activated.
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Kick in์€ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
So these tougher requirements will be activated,ย  which is a fancier way of simply saying start.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋” ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์‹œ์ž‘์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋” ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
They'll start from August.
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8์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
So starting from August, the online platformsย  will be subject to tougher requirements.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 8์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์—๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
So kick in to be activated or simply toย  start when something starts, that's kick in.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ kick in์„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋  ๋•Œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด kick in์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
We use this, the phrasal verb, to kick in we.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” kick in we๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
Use it quite.
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๊ฝค ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
08:56
A lot and how you might use it is let's sayย  I have an A headache and I take Tylenol,ย ย 
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๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋‘ํ†ต์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
09:04
which is a a pill to help with a headache.
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๋‘ํ†ต์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์•ฝ์ธ ํƒ€์ด๋ ˆ๋†€์„ ๋ณต์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
It's a brand in North America.
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๋ถ๋ฏธ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
At least.
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์ ์–ด๋„.
09:10
And I say, I hope my Tylenol kicks in soon.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” ํƒ€์ด๋ ˆ๋†€์ด ๊ณง ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
If I could spell that correctly.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ฒ ์ž๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด.
09:21
Oh, capital TI hope my Tylenol kicks in soon.
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์•„, ์บํ”ผํƒˆ TI๋Š” ๋‚ด ํƒ€์ด๋ ˆ๋†€์ด ๊ณง ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํƒ€์ด๋ ˆ๋†€์ด
09:26
I hope the medicine in theย  Tylenol is activated soon.
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๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ์•ฝ์ด ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
I hope it starts working soon.
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๊ณง ์ž‘๋™์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
Oh, I hope my Tylenol kicks in soon.
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์•„, ํƒ€์ด๋ ˆ๋†€์ด ๊ณง ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
So we frequently use thisย  with any sort of treatmentย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ท€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
09:43
that you're taking to say I hope it starts soon.
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๊ณง ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
So it will kick in from Augustย  under the Digital Services Act.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 8์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œํ–‰๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:53
So this is the ACT that will become a new law.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฒ•์ด ๋  ACT์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
And once that is a law, these online platforms,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์ •๋˜๋ฉด TikTok์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์—๋Š” ๋”์šฑ
10:02
including TikTok will be subjectย  to these tougher requirements.
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์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:08
And that's why they're opening up theirย  research software ahead of these new rules.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ทœ์น™์— ์•ž์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
They know it's coming soon,ย  so why not just do it now,ย ย 
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๊ณง ์ถœ์‹œ๋  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”? ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
10:23
I guess is their theirย  thought process around that.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐฉ์‹์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
The company said it was stillย  waiting for the European Commissionย ย 
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—ฐํ•ฉ ์ง‘ํ–‰์œ„์›ํšŒ๊ฐ€
10:33
to set out technical conditions for theย  Application Programming Interface API.
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์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค API์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์•„์ง ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
Let's take a look at this phrasal verb set out.
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์„ค์ •๋œ ์ด ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:43
When you set something out, in thisย  case the technical conditions for theย ย 
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•  ๋•Œ(์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค API์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์กฐ๊ฑด)
10:49
Application Programming Interface API,ย  it simply means that you provide a clearย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ
10:55
explanation or you provide all the details needed.
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์„ค๋ช…์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:00
So what are these conditions?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:03
Tick Tock and the other big techย  companies, they need to know exactlyย ย 
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Tick โ€‹โ€‹Tock ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—…์€
11:09
what the conditions are so they can makeย  sure they're meeting the new requirements.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
So the European Commission needs to set them out.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—ฐํ•ฉ ์ง‘ํ–‰์œ„์›ํšŒ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ช…์‹œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
They need to be very clearย  about those requirements,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
11:25
set out technical conditions for theย  application Programming interfaceย ย 
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11:29
API for accessing its data, but decidedย  to go ahead anyway, so here to go ahead.
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ์•ก์„ธ์Šคํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค API์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
When you go ahead with something,ย  you simply proceed with it.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:44
You proceed to do it, so you proceed.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
This is very commonly used in a work context.
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์ด๋Š” ์ž‘์—… ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
Your boss or a coworker or anyone couldย  say please go ahead and e-mail the client.
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์ƒ์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“ ์ง€ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
So you could simply say please e-mail the client.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
But when you say please goย  ahead and e-mail the client,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹  ๊ฒƒ์€
12:14
it simply means that we've discussed thisย  before and now I'm giving you permission to.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์ „์— ๋…ผ์˜ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ท€ํ•˜์—๊ฒŒ ํ—ˆ๋ฝํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:21
Do.
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ํ•˜๋‹ค.
12:22
This action, so I'm givingย  you permission to proceed.
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์ด ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
Oh, please go ahead and do.
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์•„, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
12:28
This is also commonly usedย  with Please go ahead with.
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์ด๋Š” Please go continue with์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:35
But because with is a preposition, your verbย  needs to be in the gerund form, the ING form.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ with๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ํ˜•์‹, ์ฆ‰ ING ํ˜•์‹์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:42
So it could be.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์†
12:43
Please go ahead with.
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์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
12:44
Emailing the client, there's noย  difference in these two sentences.
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๊ณ ๊ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:48
It's simply the sentenceย  structure that's different.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:52
They have the same meaning, but just noticeย  the difference in the sentence structure.
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์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋งŒ ์•Œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:58
So they decided to go ahead anyway.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด์จŒ๋“  ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:01
They decided to proceed with opening up theirย  What did they open up their research software?
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์—ด์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
13:11
Was that it They opened upย  yeah, the research software.
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๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์—ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:15
They made it available to the researchers.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
TikTok is proactively rollingย  out is research API when you.
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TikTok์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ API๋ฅผ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถœ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:25
Roll.
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๋กค.
13:26
Something out, it means you makeย  something available for the first time.
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Something out์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:32
And by saying proactively, whenย  you do something proactively,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์š”์ฒญ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ
13:36
it means you do it beforeย  you're required to do it.
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์ „์— ๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
13:40
So let's say, you know, there'sย  a deadline in two weeks,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ 2์ฃผ ๋’ค์— ๋งˆ๊ฐ ๊ธฐํ•œ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
13:47
but you could just proactively do the task now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
And then when your boss asks you, oh,ย  we need to make sure we do this soon,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ '์•„, ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์œผ๋ฉด '
13:57
you can say, oh, I already did it.
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์•„, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ํ–ˆ์–ด'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:59
Your boss will be very impressed.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ๋™๋ฐ›์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:01
Wow, I'm impressed.
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์™€, ๊ฐ๋™๋ฐ›์•˜์–ด์š”.
14:04
You proactively did it.
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์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์ฃผ์…จ๋„ค์š”.
14:06
So they're making thisย  available for the first time.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:10
They're rolling it out, and they'reย  doing it proactively before they have to.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ถœ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์‚ฌ์ „์— ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:16
TikTok is proactively rolling outย  its research API ahead of furtherย ย 
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TikTok์€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ง€์นจ์— ์•ž์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ API๋ฅผ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถœ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
14:22
technical guidance, so remember, theย  European Commission still needs to.
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์œ„์›ํšŒ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
14:28
Set out those.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
14:29
Technical conditions.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์กฐ๊ฑด.
14:30
They still need to explain themย  or provide the details of them,ย ย 
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„ธ๋ถ€์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ
14:36
but TikTok is rolling it out anywayย  ahead of further technical guidanceย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ TikTok์€ ์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ง€์นจ์— ์•ž์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ถœ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ 
14:42
and launching a commercial content libraryย  ahead of DSA compliance deadline launching.
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DSA ๊ทœ์ • ์ค€์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐํ•œ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ƒ์—…์šฉ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ถœ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:51
When you launch something, it alsoย  means that you make something.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ถœ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:57
Available for the 1st.
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1์ฐจ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:59
Time make something available or something starts.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:05
So if you launch a business, that business starts,ย  make something available or when something starts.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•ด๋‹น ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ณ , ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋  ๋•Œ.
15:12
So it could be the sense that this commercialย  content library, if they're launching it,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์ƒ์—…์šฉ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ถœ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด
15:18
they're starting that initiative, but at theย  same time they're also making it available.
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ํ•ด๋‹น ์ด๋‹ˆ์…”ํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:24
So it means the same thing in this context.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:29
But when you launch a business, it meansย  you're starting a business, not that you'reย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ง€
15:33
making a business available, but I guess you areย  making your services available to the public.
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์‚ฌ์—…์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ค‘์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
15:39
So in a way it still.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜
15:41
Works for both.
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๋‹ค์—์„œ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:44
So they're launching a commercial content libraryย  ahead of before the DSA Compliance deadline.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ DSA ๊ทœ์ • ์ค€์ˆ˜ ๋งˆ๊ฐ์ผ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ž์„œ ์ƒ์—…์šฉ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ถœ์‹œํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:51
Compliance, this comes from the verb to comply.
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์ค€์ˆ˜, ์ด๋Š” ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:57
And when you comply, it means you followย  the official rules and regulations.
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์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ทœ์น™๊ณผ ๊ทœ์ •์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:04
So compliance deadline, this is the deadline,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทœ์ • ์ค€์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐํ•œ์€ ๊ธฐํ•œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:08
the date that they have to comply with the rulesย  and regulations and the rules are in regulations.
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๊ทœ์น™๊ณผ ๊ทœ์ •์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ ์งœ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ทœ์น™์€ ๊ทœ์ •์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:17
Are set out, set out.
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์„ค์ •๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ค์ •๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:21
In this DSA so they have to comply.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด DSA์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:25
With the DSA, so I'll write that out for you to.
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DSA๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:29
Comply with something.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
16:32
This is to.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€์ด๋‹ค.
16:33
Follow the rules, the regulations, or simply theย  law, the social media app said in a statement.
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์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ์•ฑ์ด ์„ฑ๋ช…์—์„œ ๋ฐํžŒ ๊ทœ์น™, ๊ทœ์ • ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
16:41
So Tiktok released this to the public to letย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ Tiktok์€ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ API๋ฅผ ์ถœ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ค‘์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ค‘์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:46
the public know why they wereย  rolling out this research API.
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.
16:52
All researchers will need to have theirย  own Tiktok for Developers account and beย ย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ API์— ์•ก์„ธ์Šคํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ž์‹ ๋งŒ์˜ Tiktok for Developers ๊ณ„์ •์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
16:59
located in the United States orย  Europe to access our research API.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋˜๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
17:06
Now, this is because they're only openingย  up their research API to specific people,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ด๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ API๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
17:15
and those specific people are theย  researchers in the United States and Europe.
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๊ทธ ํŠน์ • ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:23
The company released an initial version ofย ย 
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์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์˜ฌํ•ด ์ดˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ํ•™๊ณ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ API์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฒ„์ „์„ ์ถœ์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:27
its research API to academic researchersย  in the United States earlier this year.
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.
17:35
An initial version.
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์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฒ„์ „.
17:37
This is the first version.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฒ„์ „์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:40
So when you say, oh, thisย  is the initial report, it's.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '์•„, ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๊ตฌ๋‚˜'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹ค ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:44
Either the 1st.
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1์œ„๋“ .
17:45
Port report in a series of reports.
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์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋กœ ํฌํŠธ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:49
Or it can also mean it's the first draft andย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ดˆ์•ˆ์ด๊ณ 
17:53
you expect that there will beย  other drafts, other versions.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ดˆ์•ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฒ„์ „์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:59
Because when you launch something,ย ย 
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ถœ์‹œํ•  ๋•Œ,
18:02
when you make it available, generallyย  you make changes to it based on feedback.
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์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋•Œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:09
So that's why this isย  probably the initial version,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฒ„์ „์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
18:12
suggesting there will be future versions as well.
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ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ฒ„์ „๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:17
So you can think of initial asย  the first, the first in a series.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋‹ˆ์…œ์€ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ
18:26
We use this when you'reย  thinking of different ideas.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
18:29
You could say, oh, my initial ideaย  was to go on vacation to Spain.
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์•„, ๋‚ด ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์œผ๋กœ ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:36
That was your first idea.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์˜€์–ด์š”.
18:38
But then I did some research and Iย  decided to go to Morocco instead.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ข€ ๋” ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ  ๋Œ€์‹  ๋ชจ๋กœ์ฝ”๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:45
So my initial idea, my first idea.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด, ๋‚˜์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด.
18:49
TikTok on Thursday also allowed researchersย ย 
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๋ชฉ์š”์ผ TikTok์€ DSA ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์ด
18:52
access to its commercial contentย  API to comply with DSA rules.
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์ƒ์—…์šฉ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  API์— ์•ก์„ธ์Šคํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ—ˆ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:00
So this is where we saw it before, but itย  was as the noun form compliance, compliance.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์ „์— ๋ณธ ๊ณณ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ค€์ˆ˜, ์ค€์ˆ˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:08
So here to comply with, to follow the rulesย  and regulations of this DSA, to comply withย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด DSA์˜ ๊ทœ์น™ ๋ฐ ๊ทœ์ •์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
19:16
DSA rules on transparency on paid advertising, theย  company opened up its database, made it available.
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์œ ๋ฃŒ ๊ด‘๊ณ ์˜ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ DSA ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:25
But remember, simply two specific peopleย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŠน์ • ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
19:29
made it available, opened up its database withย  information about paid ads and AD metadata.
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์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์œ ๋ฃŒ ๊ด‘๊ณ  ๋ฐ AD ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์—ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
19:37
All right, kind of a technical.
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ฃ .
19:39
Article.
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๊ธฐ์‚ฌ.
19:40
Don't worry.
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”. API์™€
19:41
About some of these technical terms likeย  API, focus on the new vocabulary you have.
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๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์šฉ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์–ดํœ˜์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
19:48
And now you can also focus on myย  pronunciation because what I'll doย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ผ์€
19:53
is I'll go to the start of the articleย  and I'll read it from start to finish.
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๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฝ์–ด๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์ œ ๋ฐœ์Œ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:57
So you can specifically focus on my pronunciation.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋‚ด ๋ฐœ์Œ์—๋งŒ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ผ์š”.
20:00
Let's do that now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•ด๋ณด์ž.
20:02
TikTok allows Europe to accessย  research software with ION EU.
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TikTok์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์€ ION EU๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์— ์•ก์„ธ์Šคํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:08
Online content rules TikTok on Thursday openedย  up its research software to researchers inย ย 
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์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ๊ทœ์น™ TikTok์€ ๋ชฉ์š”์ผ์—
20:16
Europe ahead of new EU rules requiring bigย  tech to do more to police online content.
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๋„๋ก ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด EU ๊ทœ์น™์— ์•ž์„œ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
20:24
TikTok, owned by Chineseย  technology conglomerate Bytedance,ย ย 
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์ค‘๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—… Bytedance๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์œ ํ•œ TikTok์€
20:29
is one of 19 online platformsย  and search engines subject toย ย 
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20:34
tougher requirements that will kick in fromย  August under the Digital Services Act, DSA.
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8์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฒ•(DSA)์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋”์šฑ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” 19๊ฐœ์˜ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๋ฐ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ์—”์ง„ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:42
The company said it was still waitingย  for the European Commission to set outย ย 
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—ฐํ•ฉ ์ง‘ํ–‰์œ„์›ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ์•ก์„ธ์Šคํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
20:47
technical conditions for the Applicationย  Programming Interface API for accessingย ย 
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์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค API์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
20:53
its data, but decided to go ahead anyway.
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:57
TikTok is proactively rolling out itsย  research API ahead of further technicalย ย 
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TikTok์€ DSA ๊ทœ์ • ์ค€์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐํ•œ ์ „์— ์ƒ์—…์šฉ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ถœ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ง€์นจ์— ์•ž์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ API๋ฅผ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถœ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ 
21:03
guidance in launching a commercial contentย  library ahead of the DSA compliance deadline,ย ย 
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21:10
the social media app said in a statement.
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์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ์•ฑ์ด ์„ฑ๋ช…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:14
All researchers will need to have theirย  own TikTok for Developers account andย ย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์€ ์ž์‹ ๋งŒ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž์šฉ TikTok ๊ณ„์ •์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
21:19
be located in the United States orย  Europe to access our research API.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ API์— ์•ก์„ธ์Šคํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋˜๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:25
The company released an initial version of itsย ย 
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์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์˜ฌํ•ด ์ดˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ํ•™๊ณ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ API์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฒ„์ „์„ ์ถœ์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
21:28
research API to academic researchersย  in the United States earlier this year.
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.
21:34
Tiktok on Thursday also allowed researchersย  access to its commercial content API.
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๋ชฉ์š”์ผ Tiktok์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์ด ์ƒ์—…์šฉ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  API์— ์•ก์„ธ์Šคํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ—ˆ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ๋ฃŒ ๊ด‘๊ณ ์˜ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์—
21:41
To comply with DSA rules onย  transparency on paid advertising,ย ย 
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๋Œ€ํ•œ DSA ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
21:46
the company opened up its database withย  information about paid ads and AD metadata.
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์œ ๋ฃŒ ๊ด‘๊ณ  ๋ฐ AD ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ง
21:53
Amazing job.
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21:53
Now let's move on with our next.
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ด๊ตฐ์š”.
์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:56
Article Our article is called Time Travel.
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๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:01
Let's start the first section.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์„น์…˜์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:03
Time travel took a small step away fromย  science fiction and toward science.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์€ SF์—์„œ ๊ณผํ•™์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฑธ์Œ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:11
So you have here is science fiction.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ SF ์†Œ์„ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:14
Fiction is the opposite of fact.
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ํ—ˆ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ด๋‹ค.
22:17
So we have two categories.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:19
We have fiction which is not real.
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ํ˜„์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ํ—ˆ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:22
Like Harry Potter?
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ํ•ด๋ฆฌํฌํ„ฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”?
22:24
And then we have nonfiction, which is real,ย  like a historical biography or autobiography.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์ „๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ์ž์„œ์ „์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‹ค์ œ์ ์ธ ๋…ผํ”ฝ์…˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:32
I wrote those definitions here.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ทธ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:34
So time travel took a step away from fiction,ย  so away from not true and toward true.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์€ ํ—ˆ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ง ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:45
Here, notice how we have theย  word toward as a preposition.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋กœ to๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š” .
22:49
2 spellings are correct.
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2๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฒ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ •ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:51
You can say toward or towards with an S.
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S๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋˜๋Š” ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:55
So if you hear someone say towardsย  with an S, it's not incorrect.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ S๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:00
Both of them are grammaticallyย  correct and acceptable.
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:03
And towards science recentlyย  when physicists discoveredย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ณผํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด
23:07
that subatomic particles known as neutrinos.
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์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์•„์›์ž ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:12
Neutrinos.
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์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž.
23:14
Just listen to my pronunciation.
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๋‚ด ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
23:16
Neutrinos can exceed the speed of light.
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์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋Š” ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:20
So if you exceed something, itย  means you've gone beyond it.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„ฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:26
Now in this case, they're talking about speed.
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์†๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:29
So to go beyond means to go faster.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋„ˆ๋จธ๋กœ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:32
Then if you exceeded your spending limit onย  your credit card, you've gone beyond that limit,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์‹ ์šฉ์นด๋“œ ์ง€์ถœ ํ•œ๋„๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ•ด๋‹น ํ•œ๋„๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,
23:41
which means you've spent moreย  money than you have available.
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์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ์ง€์ถœํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:45
And notice here we have can which is a modal verbย  and then we have exceed which is the base verb.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ can์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ ์ดˆ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:54
So grammatically you always have modal plusย  base verb, not the infinitive can to exceed.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:03
No, just can exceed.
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:05
So modal plus base verb canย  exceed the speed of light.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:10
So these neutrinos which are subatomic particles,ย  don't worry, I don't know what a neutrino is.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์›์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์€ ์ž…์ž์ธ ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋Š” ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์ €๋Š” ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:17
I don't really know what a subatomicย  particle is because I'm not a physicist,ย ย 
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•„์›์ž ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ,
24:23
but I understand that they're particles andย  they can go faster than the speed of light.
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์ž…์ž์ด๊ณ  ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:28
That is what I know based on theย  article The unassuming particle.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ The Unssuming Particle ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
24:34
Unassuming is an adjective, and whenย  you describe something as unassuming,ย ย 
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Unassuming์€ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ unassuming์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉด
24:39
it means it doesn't attract aย  lot of interest or attention.
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋Œ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:44
So maybe you're walking down aย  street and there's a restaurant,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ ˆ์Šคํ† ๋ž‘์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
24:49
but it doesn't attract your interest orย  attention because maybe it's very small.
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๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:55
It doesn't look very nice from the outside.
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๋ฐ–์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ข‹์•„๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋„ค์š”.
24:58
There isn't a lot of decorations.
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์žฅ์‹์ด ๋ณ„๋กœ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:01
The sign for the restaurant is very small, soย  you almost don't even notice the restaurant.
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์‹๋‹น ๊ฐ„ํŒ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ž‘์•„์„œ ์‹๋‹น์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:08
So it's an unassuming restaurant,ย  but you go in and the food is.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์†Œ๋ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ ˆ์Šคํ† ๋ž‘์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์Œ์‹์ด ์ •๋ง ๋ง›์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:13
Delicious.
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๋ง›์žˆ๋Š”.
25:14
But you almost didn't noticeย  it because it's unassuming.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์†Œ๋ฐ•ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์น˜์ฑ„์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:18
So these particles, theseย  neutrinos are unassuming.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž…์ž, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:22
They don't attract a lot of attention orย  interest, likely because they're just very small.
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๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:28
They're not considered somethingย  that's very important in science.
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๊ณผํ•™์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:33
The unassuming particle, it is electricallyย  neutral, small, but with a non zero mass.
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์ด ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์ž…์ž๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ด๊ณ  ์ž‘์ง€๋งŒ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ด 0์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
25:41
So this is simply giving us more information aboutย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ด ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
25:44
what this particle is because the averageย  person does not know what a neutrinos is.
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.
25:51
A physicist knows what this isย  but the average person does not.
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:56
So this is giving us moreย  information on this particle.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Š” ์ด ์ž…์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:59
The unassuming particle, it isย  electrically neutral, small,ย ย 
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์ด ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์ž…์ž๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ž‘์ง€๋งŒ,
26:03
but with a non zero mass and able to penetrate.
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์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ด 0์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์นจํˆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:08
Now notice here able to penetrateย  is something missing from thisย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์นจํˆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์—์„œ ๋น ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด
26:14
expression and able to penetrateย  the expression is to be able to.
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์žˆ๊ณ  ์นจํˆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
26:22
That's the full expression.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด์—์š”.
26:23
But notice it is electricallyย  neutral and able to penetrate.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ด๋ฉฐ ์นจํˆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:32
So when we have and you don'tย  need to repeat the main verb.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:37
So you can say for example, she is tall and thin.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ ์”ฌํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:44
OK, she is tall and thin.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์š”, ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ ์”ฌํ•ด์š”.
26:47
So you don't have to say she is tall and is thin.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ ์”ฌํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:52
You can get rid of this main verbย  and just say she is tall and thin.
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์ด ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์—†์• ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ ์”ฌํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ ๋งŒ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:58
The same thing is happening here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:01
The only difference is instead ofย  having one simple word like tall,ย ย 
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์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ํ‚ค ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด ๋Œ€์‹ 
27:06
we have all of this information.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:10
So it's easy to forget that this is Is alsoย  attached to able to because the expression is not.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 'is also'๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ด 'able to'์— ๋ถ™์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:21
Able to it's be.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
27:23
Able to.
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค.
27:24
OK, so for example, you can'tย  say she able to speak Japanese.
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ณธ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. to
27:32
You can't say that this is grammaticallyย  incorrect because the verb to be is missing.
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be ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋น ์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:38
So I'll put a :( and an X.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” :( ์™€ X๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:41
She is able.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:43
To.
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27:43
Speak Japanese.
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To.
Speak ์ผ๋ณธ์–ด.
27:46
So now this is correct because we haveย  to be able and then you're infinitive.
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:54
So that is what's happening here and able to.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:57
But we're using the verb to be forย  both sections before and and after.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•ž๊ณผ ๋’ค์˜ ๋‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:04
And so don't forget that withย  able to and able to penetrate,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์นจํˆฌ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์นจํˆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ
28:11
when you penetrate something,ย  it simply means you go into.
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๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ํฌ๋ฆผ์ด
28:15
So let's say I'm putting cream on my skin.
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๋‚ด ํ”ผ๋ถ€์—
28:19
When this, when the cream goes intoย  my skin and you can no longer see it,ย ย 
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๋‹ฟ์•˜์„ ๋•Œ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด,
28:25
it means the cream penetrated my skin.
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ํฌ๋ฆผ์ด ๋‚ด ํ”ผ๋ถ€์— ์นจํˆฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:29
It went into my skin.
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28:32
So this neutron, this neutrinosย  can go into your skin.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋Š” ํ”ผ๋ถ€์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:39
It can penetrate the human form undetected,ย  so you don't see something going.
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๊ฐ์ง€๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฑ„ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ์นจํˆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:48
Into.
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28:48
Your skin, because they they're not visible,ย  they're so small that you can't see them.
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ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
28:54
So that means undetected, not visible, notย  known, not visible, or not known, not known.
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๊ฐ์ง€๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Œ, ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ, ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Œ.
29:07
Undetected is on its way to becomingย  a rock star of the scientific world.
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๊ฐ์ง€๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์ด ๊ณผํ•™๊ณ„์˜ ๋ก์Šคํƒ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:15
When you see this dash here and thenย  another dash, it means you can removeย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋Œ€์‹œ์™€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋Œ€์‹œ๊ฐ€ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‚ญ์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:22
all of the information between the dashes andย  the sentence would be grammatically correct.
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๋Œ€์‹œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:28
For example, let me read itย  without the information in blue.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฝ์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:32
The unassuming particle is on its way toย  becoming a rock star of the scientific world.
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์ด ์†Œ๋ฐ•ํ•œ ์ž…์ž๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™๊ณ„์˜ ๋ก์Šคํƒ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:38
Grammatically correct.
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:39
The information between the dashes isย  additional supplementary information,ย ย 
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๋Œ€์‹œ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ถฉ ์ •๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ,
29:46
and in this case, it gives you moreย  information about what the nutrinos is.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‰ดํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:50
Because as I said, the averageย  person just doesn't know.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๋ณดํ†ต ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:55
Don't worry about writing all this down becauseย  I summarize everything in the free lesson PDF.
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๊ฐ•์˜ PDF์— ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์š”์•ฝ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
30:01
So you can look in the descriptionย  below to download the free lesson PDF.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•„๋ž˜ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๊ฐ•์˜ PDF๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:06
Let's continue.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
30:08
Researchers in Geneva sent the neutrinosย  hurtling through an underground corridor.
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์ œ๋„ค๋ฐ”์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์€ ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ•˜ ๋ณต๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋Œ์ง„ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:16
Let's take a look at hurtling.
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์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ž…ํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:18
This means to move very fast, butย  it also implies in a dangerous way.
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์ด๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ด๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:25
So when these neutrinos were hurtlingย  through the underground corridor.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง€ํ•˜ ๋ณต๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋Œ์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:30
So imagine the corridor is going straightย  and the neutronos are going very fast,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณต๋„๊ฐ€ ์ง์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์ค‘์„ฑ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ด๋™
30:34
but maybe they're bangingย  against the signs of the walls.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฒฝ์˜ ํ‘œ์ง€ํŒ์— ๋ถ€๋”ชํž ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š” . ์งˆ์„œ์ •์—ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
30:38
They're crashing into each other,ย  not in a orderly, straight way.
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์ง์„ ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์„œ๋กœ ์ถฉ๋Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์šด์ „์ž์—๊ฒŒ
30:44
So you can use this for exampleย  with drivers you might say.
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์ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
30:48
The delivery driver hurdled up my driveway.
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๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด ์ง„์ž…๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ง‰์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:53
So he came up your driveway.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ง„์ž…๋กœ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:55
He drove up your driveway.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ง„์ž…๋กœ๋ฅผ ์šด์ „ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:58
Very quickly, but also veryย  dangerously so quickly.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋น ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:03
And maybe he's swerving.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:06
There's object here, he's going right for it.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ด์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:09
Maybe you're standing here andย  he doesn't seem to be stopping.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์„œ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:13
He hurdled up your driveway.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ง„์ž…๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ง‰์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:16
Let's continue.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
31:17
Researchers in Geneva sent the neutrinosย  hurtling through an underground corridorย ย 
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์ œ๋„ค๋ฐ”์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์€ ์ง€ํ•˜ ๋ณต๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋Œ์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋ฅผ
31:23
toward their colleagues or towards rememberย  their colleagues 730 kilometers away in Italy.
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๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค ๋˜๋Š” ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์—์„œ 730km ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:33
The neutrinos arrived promptly.
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์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋Š” ์ฆ‰์‹œ ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:36
Promptly is an adverb and it means quicklyย  without delay, but also at the scheduled time.
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Promptly๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ง€์ฒด ์—†์ด ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ์˜ˆ์ •๋œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:44
So for example, the meetingย  will start promptly at 9:00 AM.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํšŒ์˜๋Š” ์˜ค์ „ 9์‹œ์— ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:49
Often when you schedule a meeting at 9,ย ย 
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์ข…์ข… 9์‹œ์— ํšŒ์˜ ์ผ์ •์„ ์žก์„ ๋•Œ
31:51
some people might come to the meetingย  903905 just a little bit late.
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํšŒ์˜์— ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:57
But if you say the meetingย  will start promptly at 9 I.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ 9์‹œ์— ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด I.
32:01
Will.
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Will์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:02
Start the presentation at 900, not 901 or 902.
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901์ด๋‚˜ 902๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ 900์— ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
32:08
Promptly at 9:00.
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9์‹œ์— ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
32:10
So immediately at 9:00.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฐ”๋กœ 9์‹œ์—์š”.
32:13
So in this case, the neutrinos arrived promptly.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:16
So we can say quickly without delay.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€์ฒด ์—†์ด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:18
So promptly in fact, that they triggeredย  what scientists are calling the unthinkable.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์ด‰๋ฐœ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ
32:26
Let's look at triggered and unthinkable.
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๋œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:29
So first triggered.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:30
When something triggers something, itย  simply means it causes it to start.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ด‰๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ทธ ์ผ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:37
So the fact that the neutrinos travelledย  so promptly caused something else to start,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋˜
32:47
and that something else is thatย  scientists are now rethinking time travel.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ด์ œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
32:55
So that's the something you could say, forย  example, speaking in public triggers my anxiety.
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๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ฐ์ด ์ด‰๋ฐœ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:03
So speaking in public causes my anxiety.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋Œ€์ค‘ ์•ž์—์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ฐ์ด ์ƒ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:08
To start.
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค.
33:09
I wrote that example here for you.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ทธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:12
Now, the unthinkable.
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์ด์ œ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:14
This is when something is just so shocking orย  unlikely that it's difficult for you to imagine,ย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
33:22
difficult for you to actually form a picture.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:25
For example, a world withoutย  language would be unthinkable.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:31
Can you even contemplate, can you think about whatย  life would be like if nobody spoke any language?
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‚ถ์ด ์–ด๋–จ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
33:39
Language was not invented.
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์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:42
A human being never uttered, which means spoke,ย  never uttered a word, never spoke a word, ever.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋งํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋””๋„ ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋””๋„ ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:50
Could you even imagine how weย  would interact with each other?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„œ๋กœ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ• ์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์ƒ์ƒํ• 
33:54
It's unthinkable, is so shocking andย  unlikely we can't even really think about it.
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์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ด๊ณ  ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ์กฐ์ฐจ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:01
So time travel is anotherย  thing that's just unthinkable.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์€ ์ƒ์ƒ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:05
Can you imagine what life wouldย  be like if we could time travel?
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์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‚ถ์ด ์–ด๋–จ์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ง€๋‚œ 100๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
34:08
It's unthinkable that everything theyย  have learnt, known or taught stemmingย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค๋˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„
34:14
from the last 100 years of the physicsย  discipline may need to be reconsidered.
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์žฌ๊ณ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:21
So this is.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
34:22
The unthinkable that everything thatย  physicists know about their discipline,ย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
34:29
they may need to think about it again if timeย  travel is possible, I want to point out theย ย 
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์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:36
past simple here of the verb learn becauseย  you might be confused as to why it has AT so.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ learn์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์„ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ AT๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. .
34:45
Learnt is the.
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๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:47
Preferred spelling and pronunciation in Britishย  English In American English, which I teach.
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์˜๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒ ์ž์™€ ๋ฐœ์Œ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:55
The.
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๊ทธ๋งŒํผ.
34:56
Preferred spelling and pronunciation is learned.
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์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒ ์ž์™€ ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ํ•™์Šตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:00
So notice we have a soft T here learnt andย  then in American learned with a soft D learned.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ T๋ฅผ ํ•™์Šตํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹์—์„œ๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ D๋ฅผ ํ•™์Šตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:09
Both of them are grammatically correct, it'sย  just two countries prefer two different words.
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋‘ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:18
Everything they have learnt, known orย  taught stemming from here to stem fromย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฐ์› ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค๋˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ•˜์—ฌ
35:25
simply means come from to come from come from.
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์œ ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:33
So in this case, because it's in the gerundย  form, I'll put mine in the gerund form.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ €๋Š” ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋„ฃ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:38
Coming from the last 100 years of the physicsย  discipline may need to be reconsidered.
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ง€๋‚œ 100๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์žฌ๊ณ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:45
So when you add re in front of theย  verb, it means you do the verb again.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ ์•ž์— re๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•ด๋‹น ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:50
So you need to consider again.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:54
So that means consider again.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ด์—์š”.
35:57
Because you add re reconsidered,ย  we need to consider it again.
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์žฌ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์…จ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:02
So let's say you asked your boss.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
36:03
For a promotion and your.
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์Šน์ง„๊ณผ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด.
36:05
Boss said no.
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์‚ฌ์žฅ๋‹˜์ด ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
36:08
Maybe you could say, can you reconsiderย  what he can you consider my proposal again?
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
36:16
And most likely he'll say no.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:19
But hey, maybe he'll say,ย  I guess I could reconsider.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:23
And then you can explain againย  why you deserve a promotion.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์Šน์ง„ํ•  ์ž๊ฒฉ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:28
And maybe this time your boss will say yes.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:32
So it's always possible for someone to reconsider.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:35
Let's continue on the issue at stake.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:39
So at stake is simply whenย  something is being considered.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:44
So here, the issue beingย  considered, the issue at stake,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋ ค ์ค‘์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ , ์œ„ํƒœ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ
36:48
so being considered is a tiny segmentย  of time, precisely 60 nanoseconds.
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์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ 60๋‚˜๋…ธ์ดˆ์ธ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:56
So now they're going toย  explain what 60 nanoseconds is,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ 60๋‚˜๋…ธ์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:01
because the average person whoย  is not a physicist does not know.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:05
So 60 nanoseconds is 60 billionths of a second.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 60๋‚˜๋…ธ์ดˆ๋Š” 600์–ต๋ถ„์˜ 1์ดˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:11
So you have one second and then you divide thatย  one second into billions and you take 60 of them.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 1์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ๊ทธ 1์ดˆ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ค‘ 60๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:20
For me, I can't really comprehendย  what 60 billionth of a second is,ย ย 
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๋‚˜๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ 600์–ต๋ถ„์˜ 1์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค.
37:26
to be honest, because a second is like that.
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1์ดˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.
37:29
And imagine you take 60 billionths of that second.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์˜ 600์–ต๋ถ„์˜ 1์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
37:34
It would be so, so fast it's unthinkable.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ์ƒ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋น ๋ฅธ ์ผ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:38
I can't even imagine what that would be.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒ์กฐ์ฐจ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:41
So notice I just used unthinkable.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ unthinkable์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
37:45
This is how much faster thanย  the speed of light the neutrinosย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ
37:49
managed to go in their undergroundย  travels, and at a consistent rate.
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์ง€ํ•˜ ์ด๋™์— ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์†๋„๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด
37:56
Even allowing for a margin ofย  error of 10 billionths of a second.
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100์–ต๋ถ„์˜ 1์ดˆ์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋„ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:02
This stands as proof that it isย  possible to race against light and win.
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์ด๋Š” ๋น›๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•˜์—ฌ ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:10
So here they're comparing the speed ofย  the neutrinos to the speed of light,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋Š”
38:18
which is just so fast thatย  you and I, average people,ย ย 
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ธ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ์ €๋Š”
38:21
can't really comprehend understand howย  fast it is because it just happens.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋น ๋ฅธ์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:28
So quickly.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋นจ๋ฆฌ.
38:29
So they're just letting you knowย  it happened faster than the speedย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
38:34
of light and this allowing for a margin of error.
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์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์˜ค์ฐจ ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:39
They're saying even if our calculationย  was incorrect, don't worry.
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๊ณ„์‚ฐ์ด ํ‹€๋ ค๋„ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
38:45
It's.
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38:45
Still accurate.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€.
์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ •ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:46
So they accounted for that.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:49
They allowed some miscalculation in theirย  formula, and the neutrinos are stillย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณต์‹์— ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ , ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋ถ€์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ
38:57
faster than the speed of light even ifย  their calculation is somewhat inaccurate.
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๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
39:03
So that's a margin of error.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฒ”์œ„๋„ค์š”.
39:05
You'll see this a lot in study,ย  scientific studies, research studies.
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์ด๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:11
A margin of error of 10 billionths of a second.
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์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” 100์–ต๋ถ„์˜ 1์ดˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:16
The duration of the experiment.
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์‹คํ—˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„.
39:18
Duration is the length, theย  duration of the experiment,ย ย 
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๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ ๊ธธ์ด, ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„,
39:23
the length of this experiment,ย  the entire time of the experiment.
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์‹คํ—˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„, ์ „์ฒด ์‹คํ—˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:28
So length or entire time of theย  experiment also accounted for.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๋‚˜ ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋„ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:34
When you account for something,ย  you simply consider it.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:39
So they considered that margin of error thatย  their calculation may be somewhat inaccurate.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋ถ€์ •ํ™•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ค์ฐจ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:47
So to consider also accounted for considered.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:53
So here.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ.
39:55
Accounted for something.
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:58
So notice the preposition.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
39:59
You account for something,ย  but you consider something.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช… ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:04
So we don't use considered for,ย  it's just considered because weย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ ค๋œ for๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ๋‹จ์ง€
40:09
don't need the preposition forย  and considered and ruled out.
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ for๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜๊ณ  ์ œ์™ธ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:14
The phrasal verb to rule something out is when youย  no longer have something as a possibility, so to.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:26
No longer have an option as a possibility.
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ์˜ต์…˜์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:31
So basically it means to excludeย  an option to exclude an option.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ต์…˜์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ต์…˜์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:38
So let's say you are.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ • ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
40:40
Considering different options, Maybeย  you're going to give your team a promotion,ย ย 
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜ต์…˜์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒ€์— ์Šน์ง„์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
40:46
give them an extra vacation day,ย  or give them free lunch on Fridays.
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ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ์— ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:52
Those are your three options toย  show your support for your staff,ย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ์ง์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ต์…˜์ด์ง€๋งŒ
40:57
but you're going to rule out promotions.
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ํ”„๋กœ๋ชจ์…˜์€ ์ œ์™ธ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ๋ชจ์…˜์„
41:00
You're going to no longer considerย  that as an option because you don'tย ย 
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41:05
have the financial resources to offerย  promotions and it's very expensive.
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์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์žฌ์ •์  ์ž์›์ด ์—†๊ณ  ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ด๋ฅผ ์˜ต์…˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:10
So you're going to rule out promotions.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ”„๋กœ๋ชจ์…˜์„ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:12
Now you just have two options to consider.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์˜ต์…˜์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:16
So they ruled out any possible lunar effects.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋‹ฌ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:19
Lunar is the moon so effects from the moon becauseย  the moon can influence time and tidal bulges.
497
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๋‹ฌ์€ ๋‹ฌ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹ฌ์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์กฐ์„ ๋Œ์ถœ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ฌ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:28
I don't know what a bulge is, Iย  assume it's similar to a wave.
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๋Œ์ถœ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ํŒŒ๋„์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:33
And tidal relates to the tide.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์กฐ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์กฐ์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:37
So going when the water goes inย  and out that is called the tide.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌผ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๊ณ  ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์กฐ์ˆ˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:43
So tidal bulges in the earth's crust.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์กฐ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ง€๊ฐ์— ๋ถ€ํ’€์–ด ์˜ค๋ฅธ๋‹ค.
41:47
So this information is just to let you know thatย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์ •๋ณด๋Š”
41:50
their calculation considered manyย  different factors to understand.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:58
If they are.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด.
41:59
Wrong.
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ.
42:00
And they're still saying even if we take allย  of this into account, consider all of this.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:07
The neutrinos are still fasterย  than the speed of light.
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์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:12
Let's continue.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
42:13
Nevertheless, the transition word nether theย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „ํ™˜ ๋‹จ์–ด nether the ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„
42:17
nevertheless is used when youย  are going to have a contrast.
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๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:23
So here they're talking about all the reasons whyย  the neutrinos are faster than the speed of light.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ด์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:30
But now because I have nevertheless, Iย  know they're going to introduce evidenceย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
42:35
to say that this might not be trueย  because there has to be a contrast.
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.
42:40
So this is a transition word usedย  to introduce a contrasting point.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Š” ๋Œ€์กฐ ์ง€์ ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ „ํ™˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:47
Nevertheless, there's plentyย  of reason to remain skeptical.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํšŒ์˜์ ์ธ ์ž…์žฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:51
Skeptical means I'm not sure if I believeย  you or I'm not sure if I believe this topic.
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ํšŒ์˜์ ์ด๋ž€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋ฏฟ๋Š”์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฏฟ๋Š”์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:01
I'm not sure if I believe thatย  we can travel through time.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š”์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:05
I'm skeptical, so not sure if theย  person can be trusted or believed.
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ํšŒ์˜์ ์ด์–ด์„œ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:17
Person or information.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋ณด.
43:19
In this case, it's theย  information they're presenting.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:23
Information can be trusted orย  believed, so I'm skeptical.
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์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํšŒ์˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž˜
43:29
I'm not sure.
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๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:30
According to Harvard Universityย  science historian Peter Gallison,ย ย 
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ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ณผํ•™์‚ฌํ•™์ž ํ”ผํ„ฐ ๊ฐค๋ฆฌ์Šจ(Peter Gallison)์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด,
43:35
Einstein, Albert Einstein, of course,ย  Einstein's relativity theory has beenย ย 
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์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ, ์•Œ๋ฒ ๋ฅดํŠธ ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์„ฑ ์ด๋ก ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™
43:41
pushed harder than any theory in theย  history of the physical sciences.
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋–ค ์ด๋ก ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ถ”์ง„๋˜์–ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
43:46
Pushed harder than it means thatย  every scientist has tried to.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์„ธ๊ฒŒ ์ถ”์ง„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:52
Prove.
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์ž…์ฆํ•˜๋‹ค.
43:53
That his theory is not correct.
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์ด ์˜ณ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:56
So they've pushed his theory harder than anyย  theory in the history of the physical sciences.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋–ค ์ด๋ก ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ทธ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์„ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋ถ™์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
44:02
Yet each prior challenge, prior means previous.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ด์ „ ๊ณผ์ œ, ์ด์ „์€ ์ด์ „์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:07
So each challenge that hadย  previously happened prior, previous.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด์ „์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ด์ „์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:13
Then you see this a lot in job interviews.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋ฉด์ ‘์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:16
Do you have any prior experience?
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์‚ฌ์ „ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
44:19
Do you have any previous experience?
534
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์ด์ „ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
44:22
So let me write that for you.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์“ฐ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ „
44:24
Do you have any prior experience in Excel?
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์— Excel์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
44:32
So Excel is a a Microsoftย  software for organizing data.
537
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ Excel์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ •๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ Microsoft ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ „
44:37
Do you have any prior experience in Excel?
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์— Excel์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
44:39
Do you have any previous experience Yetย  each prior challenge has come to no avail.
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์ด์ „ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด์ „์˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋„์ „์€ ์†Œ์šฉ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:47
So remember I said they've tried to prove thatย  Einstein's theory is inaccurate or incorrect,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์ด ๋ถ€์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
44:53
but it's come to no avail, whichย  means they have not been successful.
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์†Œ์šฉ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:59
So no avail means not successful.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•„๋ฌด ์†Œ์šฉ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:05
Let's review this example.
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์ด ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:07
I asked my boss for a promotion but to no avail.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์Šน์ง„์„ ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์†Œ์šฉ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.
45:11
So notice the expression is.
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ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:13
To.
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45:13
No avail.
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์—๊ฒŒ.
์†Œ์šฉ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:15
And this means not successful.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:17
So I didn't get the promotion.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์Šน์ง„์„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
45:19
My boss said no, but to no avail.
550
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๋‚ด ์ƒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์•„๋ฌด ์†Œ์šฉ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:22
I'm hopeful he'll reconsider.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๊ณ ํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž€๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
45:25
I'm hopeful that's just another wayย  of saying I hope he'll reconsider.
552
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๊ณ ํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:30
So remember, we talked about this, consider itย  again and change his decision, but he's skeptical.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด๊ณ , ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Š” ํšŒ์˜์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:38
I don't know.
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๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:39
I'm not sure if Jennifer's ready for a promotion.
555
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์ œ๋‹ˆํผ๊ฐ€ ์Šน์ง„ํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:44
He's.
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๊ทธ๋Š”.
45:45
Skeptical that I'm readyย  for a management position.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ง์„ ๋งก์„ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํšŒ์˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:48
So here we used a lot of expressionsย  in one thought, one advanced thought.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ, ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๋งŽ์€ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:55
Let's continue.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
45:57
So is time travel just around the corner?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์ด ๊ณง ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ฌ๊นŒ์š”?
46:01
When something is just around the corner,ย  it means happening soon, happening soon.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ž„๋ฐ•ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณง ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ผ, ๊ณง ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:09
So you could say my vacation is justย  around the corner happening soon.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‚ด ํœด๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ณง ์ฝ”์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š” .
46:15
So is time travel happeningย  soon just around the corner?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์ด ๊ณง ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ๊นŒ์š”?
46:19
The prospect.
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์ „๋ง.
46:20
So the prospect is the idea that Chimeย  travel is just around the corner.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ „๋ง์€ ์ฐจ์ž„ ์—ฌํ–‰์ด ๊ณง ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:26
The prospect has certainly been wrenchedย  much closer to the realm of possibility.
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์ž ์žฌ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์— ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:32
This simply means moved closer to the realm ofย  possibility, meaning that something is possible.
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์ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์— ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ , ์ฆ‰ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:41
So a simple way of saying this is the prospectย  has certainly been moved towards possibility.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ž ์žฌ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ์ด๋™ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:52
Now that a major physicalย  hurdle, a hurdle is an obstacle,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ฃผ์š” ์‹ ์ฒด์  ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์ธ ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์€
46:58
something that prevents you from achieving a goal.
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๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:02
So an obstacle, hurdle,ย  obstacle, the speed of light.
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์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ, ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ, ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ, ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:07
So this is the obstacle,ย  the hurdle for time travel,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ, ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์˜ ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ,
47:12
the fact that we need to travelย  faster than the speed of light.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:18
And so far nothing has travelled faster than theย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
47:22
speed of light until theseย  neutrinos has been cleared.
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.
47:28
So to clear the hurdle means toย  get rid of it, to eliminate it.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์„ ์—†์• ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:32
If particles, these neutronos, ifย  particles can travel faster than light,ย ย 
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์ž…์ž, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ž, ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋น›๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
47:37
in theory, traveling back in time is possible.
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์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:42
That's unthinkable, isn't it?
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ƒ์ƒ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ด์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€?
47:45
How anyone harnesses that to harness somethingย  is when you use something successfully.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:52
To use something success successfully,ย  use something successfully.
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์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด, ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
47:58
For example, we have now harnessed theย  power of the sun through solar panels.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ํŒจ๋„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํƒœ์–‘์˜ ํž˜์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:07
So you put a.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ a๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:08
Solar panel on the roof of your house andย  it harnesses the sun, the energy of the sun.
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์ง‘ ์ง€๋ถ•์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ํŒจ๋„์€ ํƒœ์–‘์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ธ ํƒœ์–‘์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง‘์„ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
48:16
It uses that energy successfullyย  by then heating your house.
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๊ทธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
48:21
So we've already harnessedย  many things in our environment.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:25
Why not time travel?
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ฌํ–‰์€ ์™œ ์•ˆ๋˜๋‚˜์š”?
48:28
How anyone harnesses that?
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
48:30
So how anyone uses time travel successfully toย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
48:36
some kind of helpful end is far beyondย  the scope of any modern technologies.
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๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:43
OK, so far beyond the scope of.
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์ข‹์•„, ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:46
When something is beyond the scope of, it meansย  that it is not included in, not included in.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ, ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:57
For example, teaching you aboutย  Einstein's theory of relativityย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์„ฑ ์ด๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
49:02
is beyond the scope of this lesson, whichย  means it's not included in this lesson.
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์ด ๊ฐ•์˜์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:08
It doesn't mean it's not important, It'sย  just beyond the scope of this lesson.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:14
It's not included in this lesson, so it'sย  beyond the scope of any modern technology.
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์ด ๊ฐ•์˜์—๋Š” ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:20
However.
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49:20
And will be.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
49:21
Left to future generations to explore.
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ํƒํ—˜์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋งก๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ
49:25
When you leave somethingย  to someone, it means that.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งก๊ธด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:31
You give the.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€.
49:32
Responsibility to someone else.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„.
49:35
So the future generations now have theย  responsibility to take the informationย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋Š” ์ด์ œ
49:41
from this article, the fact that these neutronosย  can travel faster than the speed of light and tryย ย 
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์ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ •๋ณด, ์ฆ‰ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€
49:48
to harness that, try to turn it into somethingย  tangible that we can use and benefit from.
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•  ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:57
So that's not our responsibility.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:59
We're going to leave that toย  future generations to explore.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋‘๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:05
So that's the end of the article.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:07
What I'll do now is I'll go to theย  beginning and I'll read the articleย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ
50:12
from start to finish and this timeย  you can focus on my pronunciation.
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์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ๋ฐœ์Œ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:17
Time travel Time travel took a small step awayย ย 
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์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์€
50:21
from science fiction and towards scienceย  recently when physicists discovered thatย ย 
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์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด
50:26
subatomic particles known as neutrinosย  can exceed the speed of light.
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์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์•„์›์ž ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ SF์—์„œ ๊ณผํ•™์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฑธ์Œ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:32
The unassuming particle,ย  it is electrically neutral,ย ย 
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์ด ์†Œ๋ฐ•ํ•œ ์ž…์ž๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ด๊ณ ,
50:36
small but with a non zero mass, and ableย  to penetrate the human form undetected,ย ย 
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์ž‘์ง€๋งŒ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ด 0์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ์ง€๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฑ„ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ชธ์— ์นจํˆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
50:42
is on its way to becoming a rockย  star of the scientific world.
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๊ณผํ•™๊ณ„์˜ ๋ก์Šคํƒ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:47
Researchers in Geneva sent the neutrinosย  hurtling through an underground corridorย ย 
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์ œ๋„ค๋ฐ”์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์€ ์ง€ํ•˜ ๋ณต๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋Œ์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋ฅผ
50:53
toward their colleagues 730ย  kilometers away in Italy.
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์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์— ์žˆ๋Š” 730km ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:58
The neutrinos arrived promptly.
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์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋Š” ์ฆ‰์‹œ ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:00
So promptly, in fact, that they triggeredย  what scientists are calling the unthinkable,ย ย 
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ์ผ์„ ๋งค์šฐ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด‰๋ฐœ์‹œ์ผฐ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
51:06
that everything they have learned, known,ย ย 
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51:08
or taught stemming from the last 100 years of theย  physics discipline may need to be reconsidered.
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์ง€๋‚œ 100๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์› ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค๋˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žฌ๊ณ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:17
The issue at stake is a tiny segment of time,ย ย 
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์œ„ํƒœ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
51:20
precisely 60 nanoseconds, whichย  is 60 billionths of a second.
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ 60๋‚˜๋…ธ์ดˆ, ์ฆ‰ 600์–ต๋ถ„์˜ 1์ดˆ์ธ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:26
This is how much faster thanย  the speed of light the neutrinosย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ
51:31
managed to go in their undergroundย  travels, and at a consistent rate.
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์ง€ํ•˜ ์ด๋™์— ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์†๋„๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 100
51:36
Even allowing for a margin ofย  error of 10 billionths of a second,ย ย 
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์–ต๋ถ„์˜ 1์ดˆ์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
51:41
this stands as proof that it isย  possible to race against light and win.
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์ด๋Š” ๋น›๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•˜์—ฌ ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:47
The duration of the experimentย  also accounted for and ruledย ย 
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์‹คํ—˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ ๋˜ํ•œ
51:52
out any possible lunar effects orย  tidal bulges in the Earth's crust.
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๋‹ฌ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€๊ฐ ์˜ ์กฐ์„ ๋Œ์ถœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์ œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:58
Nevertheless, there's plentyย  of reason to remain skeptical.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํšŒ์˜์ ์ธ ์ž…์žฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:03
According to Harvard University science historianย  Peter Gallison, Einstein's relativity theory hasย ย 
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ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ”ผํ„ฐ ๊ฐค๋ฆฌ์Šจ(Peter Gallison)์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์„ฑ ์ด๋ก ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™
52:10
been pushed harder than any theory inย  the history of the physical sciences.
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์–ด๋–ค ์ด๋ก ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ถ”์ง„๋˜์–ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
52:16
Yet each prior challenge has come to no avail,ย  and relativity has so far refused to buckle.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด์ „์˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋„์ „์€ ์†Œ์šฉ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ƒ๋Œ€์„ฑ ์ด๋ก ์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ขŒ์ ˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:24
So is time travel just around the corner?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์ด ๊ณง ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ฌ๊นŒ์š”?
52:27
The prospect has certainly been wrenchedย  much closer to the realm of possibilityย ย 
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52:31
now that a major physical hurdle,ย  the speed of light, has been cleared.
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์ด์ œ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์ธ ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ „๋ง์€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์— ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:37
If particles can travel faster than light, inย  theory, travelling back in time is possible.
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์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋น›๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
52:44
How anyone harnesses that to some kindย  of helpful end is far beyond the scopeย ย 
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋ฉฐ
52:49
of any modern technologies,ย  however, and will be left.
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๋‚จ๊ฒจ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:53
To future generations to explore amazing job.
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ง์—…์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€์—๊ฒŒ.
52:57
Now let's move on with our next article, ourย  headline, The young workers dressing to stand out.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์ธ '๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๊ฒŒ ์˜ท์„ ์ž…๋Š” ์ Š์€ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:05
As you can see.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ.
53:06
Her outfit really stands out.
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์˜์ƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ๋ˆˆ์— ๋•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:10
Imagine there are all these other workersย  and they're wearing a plain white shirtย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง์›๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ํฐ์ƒ‰ ์…”์ธ 
53:16
and black pants, and she is wearing thisย  very bright, colorful and vintage outfit.
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์™€ ๊ฒ€์€์ƒ‰ ๋ฐ”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ž…๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฐ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์ฑ„๋กœ์šฐ๋ฉฐ ๋นˆํ‹ฐ์ง€ํ•œ ์˜ท์„ ์ž…๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
53:24
She would stand out.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ˆˆ์— ๋Œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
53:26
The phrasal verb stand out.
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๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:28
This means to be noticeable,ย  to be noticeable in a group.
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์ด๋Š” ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๋Š”, ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:33
So you have a group of different objects andย  one of them is more noticeable than the others.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ฒด ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋ˆˆ์— ๋•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:39
That object stands out.
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๊ทธ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:41
And it could stand out.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:42
Because of its size, it's bigger than the othersย  or smaller its colour or other reasons as well.
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ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒ‰์ƒ์ด ์ž‘๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:50
So to stand out, to be veryย  noticeable and especiallyย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๋‹ค, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๊ณ  ํŠนํžˆ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๋‹ค
53:55
compared to other things or even people.
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.
54:02
So she stands out because of herย  outfit, her outfit, what she's wearing.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์˜์ƒ, ์˜์ƒ, ์ž…๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ท ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ˆˆ์— ๋•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:09
Let's continue on.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
54:12
Traditional thinking has generally beenย  to dress to fit into the workplace.
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์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง์žฅ์— ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก ์˜ท์„ ์ž…๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:18
Here's another phrasal verb to fit in.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:22
So the phrasal.
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54:22
Verb is to.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ~์ด๋‹ค.
54:23
Fit in.
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Fit in.
54:24
But when you specify the noun, in this caseย  the workplace, then we add into to fit into.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ช…์‚ฌ(์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ง์žฅ)๋ฅผ ์ง€์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด fit into๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:34
The workplace, So I'll highlight all of this.
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์ง์žฅ, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:37
So the phrasal verb to fit.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ to fit.
54:38
In is when you have a feelingย  that you belong or are accepted.
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in์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์†ํ•ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:46
When you're a new employee, you might notย  feel like you fit in or if you're new to aย ย 
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์‹ ์ž…์‚ฌ์›์ผ ๋•Œ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ ์‘ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
54:53
neighborhood or a sports team or any group ofย  people, a new school, that's a great example.
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๋™๋„ค๋‚˜ ์Šคํฌ์ธ ํŒ€, ์–ด๋–ค ๊ทธ๋ฃน, ์ƒˆ ํ•™๊ต์— ์ฒ˜์Œ ์˜จ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:01
You might not feel like you fit in.
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์ž์‹ ์ด ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:03
You might not feel likeย  you belong or are accepted.
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์†ํ•ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:07
And unfortunately a lot of my students don't feelย  like they fit in because of their English skills.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์˜์–ด ์‹ค๋ ฅ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ ์‘ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:16
So of course to not fit in isn't a good feeling.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข‹์€ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:20
You want to feel like you belong and are accepted.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์†Œ์†๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ธ์ •์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:23
You want to feel like you fit in.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ ์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:26
So to fit into the workplace, a feelingย  of belonging or being accepted by a group.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง์žฅ์— ์ ์‘ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ์†Œ์†๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:38
So they're saying traditionally you would wearย  the same clothes that your Co workers wear.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™๋ฃŒ ์ง์›๋“ค์ด ์ž…๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜ท์„ ์ž…๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:45
So you fit in, you have this sense of belonging.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ ์‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์†Œ์†๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:49
But this person here is doing something different.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
55:53
She's dressing to stand out, to be moreย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ๋” ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜ท์„ ์ž…๋Š”๋ฐ
55:56
noticeable, which could have theย  impact that she doesn't fit in.
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, ์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:03
Let's find out.
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์•Œ์•„๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
56:05
But in the pandemic era, theseย  rules are going by the wayside.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน ์‹œ๋Œ€์—๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์†Œ์™ธ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:11
When something goes by the wayside, it means.
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ธธ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:16
It's.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€.
56:17
It's gone, It's no longer followed, it's outdated.
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์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ๊ณ  ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:22
And in this case, they're talking about a rule.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:25
So by saying the rule has gone by the wayside,ย  it means nobody is following that rule anymore.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ทธ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:34
So here's the definition here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ •์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:36
Now, of course, in our modern era of technology,ย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์‹œ๋Œ€์—๋Š”
56:40
we could say that landlines, phones that areย  connected in your house, landlines have gone.
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์ง‘์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์œ ์„  ์ „ํ™”, ์œ ์„  ์ „ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:48
By the wayside.
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๊ธธ๊ฐ€์—.
56:50
No one really uses them anymore, right?
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
56:52
So in this case, you can use it.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:55
When you use something, you stop using it orย  you stop following a certain rule or practice.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํŠน์ • ๊ทœ์น™์ด๋‚˜ ๊ด€ํ–‰์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:03
Monica Saleh.
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๋ชจ๋‹ˆ์นด ์‚ด๋ ˆ. ๋ˆˆ์—
57:05
That's the woman here who dresses to stand out.
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๋„๋„๋ก ์˜ท์„ ์ž…๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:10
Monica Saleh doesn't wear your averageย  business casual clothing at the office.
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Monica Saleh๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์บ์ฃผ์–ผ ์˜๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ž…์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:19
Instead, the 31 year old software marketingย  manager has become well known for her loveย ย 
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๋Œ€์‹  31์„ธ์˜ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ธ๋””์• ๋‚˜ํด๋ฆฌ์Šค์— ์žˆ๋Š”
57:26
of rare vintage fashion at a large techย  firm where she works in Indianapolis, US.
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๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ํฌ๊ท€ํ•œ ๋นˆํ‹ฐ์ง€ ํŒจ์…˜์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
57:33
OK, Vintage, vintage clothing is clothingย  from older decades or older generations,ย ย 
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋นˆํ‹ฐ์ง€, ๋นˆํ‹ฐ์ง€ ์˜๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ ์„ธ๋Œ€,
57:43
so from the 50s or 60s or 70s.
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์ฆ‰ 50๋…„๋Œ€, 60๋…„๋Œ€ ๋˜๋Š” 70๋…„๋Œ€์˜ ์˜๋ฅ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:49
So not from this modern time, it'sย  from a past time or a past generation.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋นˆํ‹ฐ์ง€ ์˜๋ฅ˜
57:57
And we can see an example ofย  vintage clothing here, so.
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์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
58:01
This.
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์ด๊ฒƒ.
58:02
Pattern.
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๋ฌด๋Šฌ.
58:03
This color combination was very popularย  in I don't know, maybe the 60s or the 70s.
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์ด ์ƒ‰์ƒ ์กฐํ•ฉ์€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ 60๋…„๋Œ€๋‚˜ 70๋…„๋Œ€์— ๋งค์šฐ ์ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:10
And this shirt was made in the 60s or 70s.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์…”์ธ ๋Š” 60๋…„๋Œ€๋‚˜ 70๋…„๋Œ€์— ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์ฃ .
58:16
And this represents vintage.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋นˆํ‹ฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:19
And they also had this adjective here rare.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํฌ๊ท€ํ•œ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:23
So a rare, of course, meansย  not common, difficult to find.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํฌ๊ท€ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:29
So it's not easy to find clothingย  that was made from the 60s or 70s,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 60๋…„๋Œ€, 70๋…„๋Œ€์— ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์˜ท,
58:36
vintage clothing, you haveย  to go to very special stores.
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๋นˆํ‹ฐ์ง€ ์˜๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์•„์ฃผ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋งค์žฅ์— ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:40
So, not common, not common, not easy to find.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ”ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š๊ณ , ํ”ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š๊ณ , ์ฐพ๊ธฐ๋„ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:49
Now let's take a look.
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์ด์ œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:50
At her job title, she's aย  software marketing manager.
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ง์œ„๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:55
Now, a lot of times I hearย  mistakes when students sayย ย 
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด
59:00
their job title because they don't use an article.
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๊ด€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ ์ง์œ„๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:03
You have to use an article.
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๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:05
I'm a software manager.
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์ €๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:10
I'm an accountant.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:14
So N if you have a vowel sound, andย  then ah if you have a consonant sound.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ชจ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด N์ด๊ณ , ์ž์Œ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ah์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:20
Don't forget that article.
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
59:23
It sounds very beginner Englishย  and you might not fit in.
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๋งค์šฐ ์ดˆ๋ณด์ ์ธ ์˜์–ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ ์‘ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:28
And you would stand out in a negative way.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋Œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง์ฑ… ์•ž์— ๊ด€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
59:32
You would stand out because it's obviousย  that English isn't your first language ifย ย 
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:37
you make such a basic mistake like forgettingย  to put an article in front of your job title.
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59:43
So don't make that mistake and if youย  do want to stand out in the workplace,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
59:49
be noticeable for your good qualities,ย  then I want you to download this freeย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ข‹์€ ์ž์งˆ๋กœ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š”
59:54
speaking guide where I share 6 tips on howย  to speak English fluently and confidently.
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 6๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŒ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
60:00
This is absolutely free.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์™„์ „ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:02
It's available on my website so you canย  just look in the description for the linkย ย 
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๋‚ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋งํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
60:07
to download it absolutely free and you can alsoย  find the link to download all the notes from.
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งํฌ๋„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:15
The lesson in the description belowย  let's continue on her outfits.
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์•„๋ž˜ ์„ค๋ช…์˜ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์˜์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ„์† ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:21
So an outfit is a complete.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์™„์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:26
Set of.
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์„ธํŠธ.
60:27
Clothing that you wear, so it includesย  your shirt, your pants, your shoes.
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์…”์ธ , ๋ฐ”์ง€, ์‹ ๋ฐœ ๋“ฑ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์˜๋ฅ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:35
So it's everything that you'reย  wearing is considered your outfit.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ž…๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:40
So not just your shirt.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์…”์ธ ๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:41
You can only see my shirt now, butย  it would be my shirt and my pants.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋‚ด ์…”์ธ ๋งŒ ๋ณด์ด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด ์…”์ธ ์™€ ๋‚ด ๋ฐ”์ง€์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
60:47
And even if I had shoes or a purse, all ofย  that together would be considered an outfit.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ ๋ฐœ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€๊ฐ‘์ด ์žˆ์–ด๋„ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์˜ท์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
60:56
So her outfit, the total ofย  all the clothes she's wearing.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์˜์ƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ž…๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜ท์˜ ์ดํ•ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:07
So in her case, the outfit wouldย  include her shirt, her pants,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์˜์ƒ์—๋Š” ์…”์ธ , ๋ฐ”์ง€๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋ฉฐ,
61:12
You can't really see it, but it looks likeย  she has some colorful socks, her shoes.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ํ™”๋ คํ•œ ์–‘๋ง๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ฐœ์„ ์‹ ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:17
And let's say she was wearing a belt asย  well, That would be part of her outfit.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋ฒจํŠธ๋„ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์˜์ƒ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:24
Her outfits are a far cry from theย  average plain T-shirt and jeans.
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์˜์ƒ์€ ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ํ‹ฐ์…”์ธ ์™€ ์ฒญ๋ฐ”์ง€์™€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:31
If something is a far cry from something else, it.
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ€๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:37
Means.
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61:37
It's very different from, veryย  different from, very different from.
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์ˆ˜๋‹จ.
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ, ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:45
So it's saying.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:46
That her colleagues just wear, you know, you'reย  plain white, Gray or blue T-shirt and jeans.
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ž…๋Š” ์˜ท์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ž…๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ํฐ์ƒ‰, ํšŒ์ƒ‰ ๋˜๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ํ‹ฐ์…”์ธ ์™€ ์ฒญ๋ฐ”์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:55
That's your casual business attire, your outfit.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์บ์ฃผ์–ผ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ณต์žฅ, ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ณต์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:01
But she wears something very different.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ท์„ ์ž…๋Š”๋‹ค.
62:04
So her outfits, what she wears, the total of whatย  she wears is very different from other outfits.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ž…๋Š” ์˜์ƒ, ์ž…๋Š” ์˜ท, ์ž…๋Š” ์˜ท์˜ ์ดํ•ฉ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค.
62:13
It's a far cry from now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ€๋‹ค.
62:17
One thing that my students find isย  that studying English is a far cryย ย 
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์ œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
62:26
from using English in the real world.
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ํ˜„์‹ค ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:31
So they get comfortable studyingย  English in the classroom.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ต์‹ค์—์„œ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํŽธ์•ˆํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:38
But then they get out there, they go toย  a party with native English speakers,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ ์˜์–ด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ๊ฐ€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
62:45
or they go to a meeting or aย  networking event or just to work.
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ํšŒ์˜๋‚˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํ‚น ํ–‰์‚ฌ์— ๊ฐ€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ผํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:50
And being in the real world and using yourย  English, communicating with native speakers is a.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„์‹ค ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๊ณผ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ a.
62:56
Far Cry.
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ํŒŒ ํฌ๋ผ์ด.
62:58
From.
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์—์„œ.
62:59
Communicating with your teacher.
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ณผ ์†Œํ†ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:01
In the classroom, and that's whyย  a lot of students feel like theyย ย 
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๊ต์‹ค์—์„œ, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์ด
63:06
don't fit in and they stand out in a negative way.
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์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Š๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:10
They stand out because their accent is too strongย  or they use very unnatural expressions, right?
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์–ต์–‘์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ•ํ•ด์„œ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„ ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ถ€์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
63:17
So this is how you can use this expression.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ํ˜€
63:20
A far cry from.
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๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ€๋‹ค.
63:23
All right, let's continue.
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์ข‹์•„, ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์ž.
63:24
Her outfits are a far cry from the average plainย  T-shirt and jeans she sees among her colleagues.
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์˜์ƒ์€ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ํ‹ฐ์…”์ธ ์™€ ์ฒญ๋ฐ”์ง€์™€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:30
And she says her bold style has becomeย  a great talking point with them.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ดํ•œ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์ด ํฐ ํ™”์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:36
When something is a talking pointย  is just a conversational topic.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ™”๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋Œ€ํ™” ์ฃผ์ œ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:42
It's something you talk about.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:45
That's all that means.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:47
So her outfits are a talking point.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์˜์ƒ์ด ํ™”์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:50
It's something when she sees herย  colleagues, they say, oh wow.
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๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด '์™€์šฐ'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
63:54
Where?
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63:54
Did you get that shirt?
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์–ด๋””?
๊ทธ ์…”์ธ  ์ƒ€์–ด?
63:57
Tell me more about it.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
63:58
What generation is it from?
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๋ช‡ ์„ธ๋Œ€์—์„œ ์™”๋‚˜์š”?
64:01
Who designed it?
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋””์ž์ธํ–ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
64:02
That's how it's a talking point.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ์–˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
64:06
So here's a quote.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ธ์šฉ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—
64:07
So this because we have these quotationย  marks here, it means that this woman,ย ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธ์šฉ ๋ถ€ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ์—ฌ์ž,
64:14
what's her name again, Monica, thisย  woman Monica is now saying these words.
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์ด๋ฆ„์ด ๋ญ์ฃ , ๋ชจ๋‹ˆ์นด, ์ด ์—ฌ์ž ๋ชจ๋‹ˆ์นด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
64:20
So she said having thatย  opportunity to breakdown walls.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฒฝ์„ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ๋œจ๋ฆด ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
64:25
When you breakdown walls, itย  just means to eliminate them.
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๋ฒฝ์„ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ๋œจ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ฒฝ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
64:29
So it's a metaphorical wall.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์€์œ ์ ์ธ ๋ฒฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
64:32
It's saying here I am and here my colleagueย  is, and there's a wall between us.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋‚ด ๋™๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ๋ฒฝ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
64:38
So we don't communicate easily.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
64:41
But if we eliminate that wall,ย  if we breakdown that wall,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๋ฒฝ์„ ์—†์• ๋ฉด, ๊ทธ ๋ฒฝ์„ ํ—ˆ๋ฌผ๋ฉด,
64:44
then now I can hi, I can easilyย  communicate with my colleague.
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์ด์ œ ๋™๋ฃŒ์™€ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์†Œํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
64:50
Having that opportunity to break down walls withย ย 
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64:53
people across different teamsย  by talking about my outfits.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํŒ€์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‚ด ์˜์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฒฝ์„ ํ—ˆ๋ฌด๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
64:57
This is how she breaks down the walls.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋ฒฝ์„ ํ—ˆ๋ฌด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค.
64:59
So how she initiates conversation with herย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€
65:03
colleagues about her outfitsย  is pretty awesome, she says.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์˜์ƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ •๋ง ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
65:09
The company I work for is prettyย  large, and ever since I've been here,ย ย 
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๊ฝค ํฌ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๊ณณ์— ์˜จ ์ดํ›„๋กœ
65:12
my notoriety has been extendedย  through my fashion and what I wear.
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ํŒจ์…˜๊ณผ ์ž…๋Š” ์˜ท์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ €์˜ ์•…๋ช…์€ ๋”์šฑ ์ปค์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž˜
65:18
Being around people who might notย  know as much about these designersย ย 
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๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
65:23
and catching their eye hasย  always been an icebreaker.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‹œ์„ ์„ ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žก๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‡„๋น™์„ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
65:28
So an icebreaker is a way toย  initiate a conversation with someone.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•„์ด์Šค๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ด์ปค๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
65:35
So if you're at a party or a networkingย  event or even a meeting and there are aย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋‚˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํ‚น ํ–‰์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ํšŒ์˜์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
65:42
lot of new people and you've never metย  those people, you want an icebreaker.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ์ ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•„์ด์Šค๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ด์ปค๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ
65:49
You want a way to initiateย  a conversation with someone.
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
65:56
So at a party, an icebreakerย  could be a simple question.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์—์„œ ์•„์ด์Šค๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ด์ปค๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:01
Oh, so how do you know Jane?
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์•„, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ œ์ธ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?
66:04
If it's Jane's party and you could go upย  to each person and that's your icebreaker.
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Jane์˜ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•„์ด์Šค๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ด์ปค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:10
That's how you initiate conversation.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:12
How do you know Jane?
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์ œ์ธ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•„์„ธ์š”?
66:14
How long have you known Jane?
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์ œ์ธ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚ธ ์ง€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋๋‚˜์š”?
66:16
And you can talk about the hostย  because both of you know Jane.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋ชจ๋‘ Jane์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ˜ธ์ŠคํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:20
So an icebreaker is a way to initiate, which isย  a way of saying start to initiate conversation.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•„์ด์Šค๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ด์ปค๋Š” ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ์ฆ‰ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:32
For the first.
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์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ. ์ด์ œ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ
66:34
Time so after you initiateย  that conversation then theย ย 
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด
66:38
icebreaker is complete all right, let's move on.
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์•„์ด์Šค๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ด์ปค๊ฐ€ ์™„์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:45
Sally is not the only person pushing backย  against traditional office wear conventions.
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์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด๋ณต ๊ด€์Šต์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ƒ๋ฆฌ๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:53
OK, When you push back againstย  something, it means you resist it.
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ์ €ํ•ญํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:01
You say I don't agree with that.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:05
I don't want to do that.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:08
So you resist something to resist something.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ์ €ํ•ญํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ์ €ํ•ญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:13
So let's say your office has a new policy thatย  says everyone must wear a suit and a tie to work.
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์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์— ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์–‘๋ณต๊ณผ ๋„ฅํƒ€์ด๋ฅผ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถœ๊ทผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •์ฑ…์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:26
But.
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67:26
Before you wore jeans and AT shirt.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ.
์ฒญ๋ฐ”์ง€์— AT ์…”์ธ ๋ฅผ ์ž…๊ธฐ ์ „.
67:30
So a lot of people could beย  upset about the change andย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
67:33
they could push back against becauseย  against is part of the expression.
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ํ‘œํ˜„์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:40
You.
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67:40
Push back against something, which meansย  you say no, I don't want to do that.
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๋„ˆ.
์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:46
I don't agree with that.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:48
I don't think that's a good idea.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:50
That's how you push back against something.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋งž์„œ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:53
So she's pushing back against your traditionalย  T-shirt and jeans by wearing this very vintage,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋‹๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋นˆํ‹ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ํฌ๊ท€ํ•œ ์˜ท์„ ์ž…์Œ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ํ‹ฐ์…”์ธ ์™€ ์ฒญ๋ฐ”์ง€์— ๋งž์„œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
68:04
rare clothing that makes herย  stand out, be very noticeable.
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.
68:10
So she's not the only person pushing backย  against traditional office wear conventions,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด๋ณต ๊ด€์Šต์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ
68:16
with many showing off theirย  unconventional office attire.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ‰๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค ๋ณต์žฅ์„ ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:22
Attire is another word for outfit.
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๋ณต์žฅ์€ ๋ณต์žฅ์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:26
So you could say office attire or office outfits.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค ๋ณต์žฅ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค ๋ณต์žฅ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:31
Notice here if you have outfit, you need it withย  an S there because there's more than one there.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ S๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์˜ท์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:40
Outfits.
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์˜์ƒ.
68:41
But attire does not take a possess a plural form.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ณต์žฅ์€ ์†Œ์œ ์˜ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์„ ์ทจํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:47
Sorry.
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์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:48
So you just keep it without theย  S Their attire is inappropriate,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ S ์—†์ด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋‘์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ณต์žฅ์€ ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆ
68:59
but you would have to say theirย  outfits are inappropriate.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ณต์žฅ์ด ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ
69:06
Remember, you have to conjugate yourย  verb with whatever the subject is.
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ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š” .
69:10
So here their attire.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์˜ท์ฐจ๋ฆผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:12
But because it's singular, it represents it.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:17
It is inappropriate.
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๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:19
They're outfits because it's plural,ย  it's they, they are inappropriate.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:25
OK, but it means the exact same thing.
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:29
It's just a different word for it.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:31
And remember, an outfit is the totalityย  of your clothing of what you're wearing.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜์ƒ์€ ์ž…๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ท์˜ ์ด์ฒด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
69:39
So many are showing off.
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์ •๋ง ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ณผ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:41
When you show off, it means that youย  just make it known to other people.
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์ž๋ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:49
So to show off their attire on social media,ย  well, how would you show off your attire?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์˜ท์ฐจ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ณผ์‹œํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด, ์Œ, ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์˜ท์ฐจ๋ฆผ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ณผ์‹œํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
69:56
You would take a picture of it and youย  would post it on social media with aย ย 
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์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์–ด ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ๊ณผ ํ•ด์‹œํƒœ๊ทธ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์— ๊ฒŒ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
70:02
headline and a hashtag in an attempt toย  have it seen by a large number of people.
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.
70:11
So that's how you would showย  it off, it being your attire.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณผ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์˜ท์ฐจ๋ฆผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
70:19
Some workers, especially younger ones,ย  are swapping out mundane white shirt,ย ย 
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์ง์›, ํŠนํžˆ ์ Š์€ ์ง์›์€ ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ํฐ์ƒ‰ ์…”์ธ ,
70:26
black trouser combos with lux loungewear sets.
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๊ฒ€์ •์ƒ‰ ๋ฐ”์ง€ ์ฝค๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ผ์šด์ง€์›จ์–ด ์„ธํŠธ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
70:31
All right, lots.
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์•Œ์•˜์–ด, ๋งŽ์ด.
70:33
To review here, so first let's.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋จผ์ € ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
70:35
Talk about our adjectives.
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
70:36
We have mundane, this is veryย  ordinary, not interesting.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•˜๊ณ  ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
70:44
Could be a little bit boring, right,ย ย 
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ง€๋ฃจํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ .
70:46
'cause if it's very ordinary,ย  very ordinary, not interesting.
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์•„์ฃผ ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์•„์ฃผ ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•˜๊ณ , ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
70:52
So that really probably represents boring.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ง€๋ฃจํ•จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
70:56
So a white shirt, blackย  trousers, that's pretty mundane.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ํฐ์ƒ‰ ์…”์ธ , ๊ฒ€์€์ƒ‰ ๋ฐ”์ง€๋Š” ๊ฝค ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•ด์š”.
71:01
Everybody wears that.
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๋‹ค๋“ค ๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ์ž…์–ด์š”.
71:03
So it's a little bit boring.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ง€๋ฃจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
71:04
It doesn't stand out, but you probablyย  fit in pretty easily wearing that.
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๋ˆˆ์— ๋„์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์•„๋งˆ ๊ทธ ์˜ท์„ ์ž…์œผ๋ฉด ๊ฝค ์ž˜ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
71:10
OK, so that's mundane.
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ๊ทธ๊ฑด ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์ผ์ด๊ตฐ์š”.
71:13
Now Combos is short for combinationย  Combination, so you can shorten it to combo.
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์ด์ œ Combos๋Š” ์กฐํ•ฉ ์กฐํ•ฉ์˜ ์•ฝ์ž์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ ์ฝค๋ณด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
71:22
You see this a lot in.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
71:23
Fast food restaurants McDonald's youย  could have a burger with fries and aย ย 
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ํŒจ์ŠคํŠธํ‘ธ๋“œ ๋ ˆ์Šคํ† ๋ž‘์ธ ๋งฅ๋„๋‚ ๋“œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ์žํŠ€๊น€๊ณผ ์Œ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ณ๋“ค์ธ ์ฝค๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋จน์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
71:29
drink that's a combo it's a combinationย  of three different items into one meal aย ย 
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์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ’ˆ๋ชฉ์„ ํ•œ ๋ผ์— ์กฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
71:37
combo OK and then lux is short formย  for luxury but in this case we're.
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์ฝค๋ณด OK ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  lux๋Š” ๋Ÿญ์…”๋ฆฌ์˜ ์•ฝ์–ด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ '๋‹ต์žฅ.
71:47
Using it as an adjective.
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
71:48
So what do we need?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
71:50
Luxurious Notice the pronunciation.
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๊ณ ๊ธ‰์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ฐœ์Œ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
71:56
Luxurious.
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๊ณ ๊ธ‰์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด.
71:57
Luxurious.
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๊ณ ๊ธ‰์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด.
71:59
So this as you can see, weย  have our Lux and we just take.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” Lux๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
72:05
The short form.
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์งง์€ ํ˜•์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
72:07
It's not the most common to be honest.
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์†”์งํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ”ํ•œ ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
72:09
I would personally say luxurious or luxury.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค ํ˜น์€ ๋Ÿญ์…”๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
72:13
I wouldn't shorten it to luxย  but that's what they did here.
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๋Ÿญ์Šค๋กœ ๋‹จ์ถ•ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ฒ ์ง€ ๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
72:18
OK now our phrasal verb to swap out.
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
72:23
Now you swap out one thing for another thing,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์ฒดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
72:28
which means you just replaceย  one thing for another thing.
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์ฆ‰, ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์ฒดํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
72:32
So first I had my mundane white T-shirt,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์—” ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ํฐ์ƒ‰ ํ‹ฐ์…”์ธ ๋ฅผ ์ž…์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ˆˆ์—
72:37
but I swapped it out for thisย  flower shirt so I stand out.
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๋„๋ ค๊ณ  ์ด ๊ฝƒ๋ฌด๋Šฌ ์…”์ธ ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟจ์–ด์š”.
72:44
OK, so you replace one thing withย  another thing are swapping out replace,ย ย 
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์ฒดํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๊ต์ฒด,
72:52
I'll just say replace A with B.
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A๋ฅผ B๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
72:55
So white T-shirt is A and then theseย  luxurious loungewear sets, that's B.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ํฐ์ƒ‰ ํ‹ฐ์…”์ธ ๊ฐ€ A์ด๊ณ  ์ด ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ผ์šด์ง€์›จ์–ด ์„ธํŠธ๊ฐ€ B์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
73:01
So you swap it out and that'sย  the end of the article.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ต์ฒดํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ๋.
73:07
So perhaps if you want to stand out at work,ย  you can consider wearing vintage clothing.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋นˆํ‹ฐ์ง€ ์˜๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ž…๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
73:15
That's the moral of the story here.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ตํ›ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
73:18
So now what I'll do is I'll read the.
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์ด์ œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
73:20
Article from start to finish and thisย  time you can focus on my pronunciation.
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์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ๋‚ด ๋ฐœ์Œ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
73:26
The Young workers dressing toย  stand out Traditional thinkingย ย 
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์ Š์€ ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๋„๋ก ์˜ท์„ ์ž…๋Š”๋‹ค ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐฉ์‹์€
73:30
has generally been to dress to fit intoย  the workplace, but in the pandemic era,ย ย 
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง์žฅ์— ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก ์˜ท์„ ์ž…๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ , ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน ์‹œ๋Œ€์—๋Š”
73:36
these rules are going by theย  wayside for some employees.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ง์›์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฉํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
73:40
Monica Saleh doesn't wear your averageย  business casual clothing at the office.
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Monica Saleh๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์บ์ฃผ์–ผ ์˜๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ž…์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
73:47
Instead, the 31 year old software marketingย  manager has become well known for her loveย ย 
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๋Œ€์‹  31์„ธ์˜ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ธ๋””์• ๋‚˜ํด๋ฆฌ์Šค์— ์žˆ๋Š”
73:53
of rare vintage fashion at the large techย  firm where she works in Indianapolis, US.
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๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ํฌ๊ท€ํ•œ ๋นˆํ‹ฐ์ง€ ํŒจ์…˜์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
74:00
Her outfits are a far cry from the average plainย  T-shirt and jeans she sees among her colleagues,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์˜์ƒ์€ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ํ‹ฐ์…”์ธ ์™€ ์ฒญ๋ฐ”์ง€์™€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ€๊ณ ,
74:08
and she says her bold style has becomeย  a great talking point with them.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ดํ•œ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์ด ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํฐ ํ™”์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
74:13
Having that opportunity to breakย  down walls with people acrossย ย 
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74:17
different teams by talking about myย  outfits is pretty awesome, she says.
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๋‚ด ์˜์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŒ€์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ฒฝ์„ ํ—ˆ๋ฌด๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์ง€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
74:23
The company I work.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ.
74:24
For is pretty largeย ย 
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For๋Š” ๊ฝค ํฌ๋ฉฐ
74:25
and ever since I've been here my notoriety hasย  been extended through my fashion and what I wear.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์˜จ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ๋‚˜์˜ ์•…๋ช…์€ ํŒจ์…˜๊ณผ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ž…๋Š” ์˜ท์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋”์šฑ ์ปค์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž˜
74:32
Being around people who might notย  know as much about these designersย ย 
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๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
74:36
and catching their eye hasย  always been an icebreaker.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‹œ์„ ์„ ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žก๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‡„๋น™์„ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
74:41
Saleh is not the only person pushing backย  against traditional office wear conventions,ย ย 
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Saleh๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด๋ณต ๊ด€์Šต์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ,
74:47
with many showing off their unconventionalย  office attire on social and media.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฐ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์—์„œ ์ƒ‰๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค ๋ณต์žฅ์„ ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
74:52
Some workers, especially younger ones,ย ย 
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์ง์›, ํŠนํžˆ ์ Š์€ ์ง์›์€
74:55
are swapping out mundane white shirt andย  black trouser combos for lux loungewear sets.
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ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ํฐ์ƒ‰ ์…”์ธ ์™€ ๊ฒ€์ •์ƒ‰ ๋ฐ”์ง€ ์ฝค๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ผ์šด์ง€์›จ์–ด ์„ธํŠธ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ง
75:02
Amazing job.
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75:02
Now let's review our last article,ย ย 
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ด๊ตฐ์š”.
์ด์ œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์ธ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ฃฝ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
75:06
our headline Lab grown meat beef for dinnerย  without killing animals or the environment.
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์ €๋… ์‹์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•œ ์‡ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
75:14
So in this picture, as you can see,ย  this looks like a piece of meat, right?
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณด์‹œ ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ์กฐ๊ฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ฃ ?
75:19
But clearly.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ.
75:20
This is also a lab, so this is meat that wasย  made in a lab and no animal had to be killed.
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์ด๊ณณ๋„ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์ด๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ๋™๋ฌผ๋„ ์ฃฝ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
75:29
Wow, the future is here.
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์™€, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
75:32
So let's learn about this very interesting topic.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์ฃฝ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋œ ์œก์ฆ™์ด
75:36
Imagine biting into a juicy burger thatย  was produced without killing animals.
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ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ์ž… ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ฌผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š” .
75:43
Let's take a look at this adjective juicy.
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์ด ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ธ ์œก์ฆ™์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
75:46
It describes the burger.
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๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
75:48
Notice my pronunciation.
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๋‚ด ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
75:50
Burger, burger, burger, burger.
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๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ, ๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ, ๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ, ๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ.
75:56
Into a juicy burger.
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์œก์ฆ™์ด ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ™์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š”
75:58
When something is juicy, this is anย  adjective that normally describes food,ย ย 
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๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์Œ์‹์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋กœ,
76:04
and it means it has a lot of juice, whichย  you can think of as a lot of liquid.
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๊ณผ์ฆ™์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์œผ๋กœ ์•ก์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
76:11
So think of a piece of fruit like a pineappleย  and all the liquid in that pineapple.
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ํŒŒ์ธ์• ํ”Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณผ์ผ ์กฐ๊ฐ ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ํŒŒ์ธ์• ํ”Œ์— ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์•ก์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
76:18
So a pineapple is juicy, a mango is juicy.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํŒŒ์ธ์• ํ”Œ์€ ์ฆ™์ด ๋งŽ๊ณ , ๋ง๊ณ ๋Š” ์ฆ™์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
76:23
What's another juicy fruit can you think of?
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฆ™์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณผ์ผ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐ๋‚˜๋‚˜์š”?
76:25
Any others?
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
76:26
Share it in the comments.
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๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์œก์ฆ™์ด
76:28
So imagine biting into a juicy burger.
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ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ์ž… ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ฌผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
76:31
And I should note that generally,ย  in terms of describing meat, juicy.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•  ๋•Œ ์œก์ฆ™์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
76:36
Is a positive.
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๊ธ์ •์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
76:38
Quality.
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ํ’ˆ์งˆ.
76:39
You want your burger to be juicy.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ–„๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์œก์ฆ™์ด ๋งŽ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
76:43
The opposite is dry.
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๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋Š” ๊ฑด์กฐํ•˜๋‹ค.
76:46
So let me write this opposite of juicyย  is dry because when something is dry,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ฅฌ์‹œํ•จ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋ง์€ ๊ฑด์กฐํ•จ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์“ฐ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑด์กฐํ•˜๋ฉด
76:51
there's no liquid at all.
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์•ก์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
76:53
Now, generally this is used as a negative.
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์ž, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
76:57
Oh, the burger was really dry.
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์•„, ๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ๋ง๋ž์–ด์š”.
76:59
The meat was dry.
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๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ง๋ž์–ด์š”.
77:01
It's a negative.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
77:03
So a juicy burger that wasย  produced without killing animals.
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๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์ฃฝ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋œ ์œก์ฆ™์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
77:09
Notice here we have our ING,ย  our gerund form of the verb.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ธ ING๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
77:13
Why?
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์™œ?
77:14
Because without is a prepositionย  and we use the jaron verb afterย ย 
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด Without๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ ์ด๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
77:20
prepositions without killing animals.
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๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์ฃฝ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ ๋’ค์— Jaron ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
77:23
Meat grown in a laboratory.
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์ž๋ž€ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ.
77:26
Notice the pronunciation here because thereย  is a difference between American English,ย ย 
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77:30
which I teach, and Britishย  English in American English.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์™€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์˜ ์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
77:34
Laboratory Laboratory.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค.
77:38
But notice in the headline they'reย  referring to lab grown meat.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
77:43
If you can't remember the correctย  pronunciation, just call it a lab,ย ย 
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์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์Œ์ด ๊ธฐ์–ต๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋žฉ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
77:48
because the majority of theย  time we do call it a lab.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋žฉ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
77:52
It's the short form for the word laboratory.
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์ด๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์•ฝ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
77:56
I'm going to the lab.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์— ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
77:57
I need to go to the lab.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์— ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
77:59
Can you drop me off at the lab?
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๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์— ๋‚ด๋ ค์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
78:03
OK.
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
78:04
Meat grown in a laboratory from cultured cells,ย ย 
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์–‘๋œ ์„ธํฌ๋กœ ์ž๋ž€ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋Š”
78:08
which I imagine is what we see in this imageย  here, is turning that vision into a reality.
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๊ทธ ๋น„์ „์„ ํ˜„์‹ค๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
78:17
When you turn a vision into a reality isย  another way of saying it becomes real.
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๋น„์ „์„ ํ˜„์‹ค๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์‹ค์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
78:25
So right now, for example, Elon Musk is turningย  his vision of going to Mars into a reality, right?
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ Elon Musk๋Š” ํ™”์„ฑ ํƒ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋น„์ „์„ ํ˜„์‹ค๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
78:37
Every day, he's getting closer andย  closer with the actions that he's taking.
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๋งค์ผ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์€ ์ ์  ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
78:43
And right now, you, by watching this videoย  and learning these advanced expressions,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด ์˜์ƒ์„ ์‹œ์ฒญ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ํ•™์Šตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ
78:49
you're turning your vision of speaking Englishย  fluently and confidently into a reality, right?
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์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋น„์ „์„ ํ˜„์‹ค๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ์ฃ ?
78:57
So let me write that down for you.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ ์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
78:59
So here it is.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
79:00
And notice again we have that ING or gerundย  verb because we have the preposition of.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ of๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ING ๋˜๋Š” ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
79:07
I'm turning my vision of speakingย  English fluently and confidently into.
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์ €๋Š” ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋น„์ „์„ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
79:12
A reality and.
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ํ˜„์‹ค๊ณผ.
79:14
If you want more help with that, you should getย  this free speaking guide because this guide wasย ย 
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋Š”
79:20
designed to teach you how to speak Englishย  fluently and confidently in six easy steps.
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์‰ฌ์šด 6๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
79:25
It's absolutely free.
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์™„์ „ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
79:27
And you can download it on my website.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
79:29
The link is in the description.
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๋งํฌ๋Š” ์„ค๋ช…์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
79:32
And you can also download the free lesson PDFย  which summarizes everything in this lesson.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์š”์•ฝํ•œ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๊ฐ•์˜ PDF๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
79:38
The link is also in the description.
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๋งํฌ๋Š” ์„ค๋ช…์—๋„ ๋‚˜์™€์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
79:41
OK, let's continue on.
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์ข‹์•„, ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์ž.
79:43
Several startups are developing labย  grown beef, pork, poultry and seafood,ย ย 
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์Šคํƒ€ํŠธ์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•œ ์‡ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ, ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ ๊ธฐ, ๊ฐ€๊ธˆ๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
79:49
so these are the different types of meatย  that are being developed in the lab.
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
79:55
The laboratory if widely adopted, widely adopted.
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์ด ๋„๋ฆฌ ์ฑ„ํƒ๋˜๋ฉด ๋„๋ฆฌ ์ฑ„ํƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
80:02
This means that many people are usingย  the product or service and in this.
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์ด๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•ด๋‹น ์ œํ’ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
80:10
Case the product is.
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์ผ€์ด์Šค ์ƒํ’ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
80:12
Lab grown meat.
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ.
80:13
So using would be purchasing it, right?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
80:16
That would mean it's widely adopted.
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์ฆ‰, ๋„๋ฆฌ ์ฑ„ํƒ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
80:20
So many people are using it.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
80:23
Many people are using it and notice.
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
80:28
If widely adopted, well the subject.
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๋„๋ฆฌ ์ฑ„ํƒ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
80:31
Is lab grown meat but it theyย  just placed it after but.
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์ธ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋’ค์— ๋†“์•„๋‘๊ธด ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ. ๋ผ๊ณ 
80:35
You could also say.
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๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
80:37
If lab grown meat is widely adopted and thenย  you could continue on with your sentence.
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์ฑ„ํƒ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
80:45
So just an alternative way of writing that.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
80:49
Lab grown meat also called clean meat.
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํด๋ฆฐ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
80:52
So this is an alternative name.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€์ฒด ์ด๋ฆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
80:55
Could eliminate much of the cruel, unethicalย  Treatment of Animals raised for food.
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์‹๋Ÿ‰์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์œก๋˜๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž”์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„์œค๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์—†์•จ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
81:01
It could also reduce the considerableย  environmental cause of meat production.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์œก๋ฅ˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์›์ธ์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
81:07
OK, notice they're using the modal.
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋‹ฌ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‘์„ธ์š”.
81:09
Verb.
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๋™์‚ฌ.
81:10
Could it could reduce theย  environmental cost it could eliminate.
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์ œ๊ฑฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
81:18
They're doing that because this isย  right now a hypothetical situation,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๊ณ 
81:22
because it it doesn't actuallyย  exist in the market fully.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
81:26
It's still being developed today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋„ ๊ณ„์† ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
81:29
So could as a modal verb isย  used to show possibility,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ,
81:34
possibility or potential possibility,ย  potential, it doesn't mean it will happen.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ, ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
81:43
And remember, because it's a modal verb, it'sย  followed by the base verb, not the infinitive.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋’ค์— ์˜จ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
81:50
That's why it's could eliminateย  and not could to eliminate.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
81:54
So modal plus base verb,ย  that's the sentence structure.
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์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
82:01
All right, it could also reduce.
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
82:03
The considerable.
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์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ.
82:04
This is a nice adjective.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข‹์€ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
82:06
Considerable as an adjective meansย  large when we're talking about.
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ํฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
82:12
The degree.
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์˜จ๋„.
82:14
So how much of an environmental cost is there?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋น„์šฉ์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
82:18
If I say.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด.
82:19
There's a considerable environmental cost.
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์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
82:22
It's a large amount of environmental cost,ย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋น„์šฉ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ
82:28
so large an alternative wordย  for it would be significant.
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๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
82:32
You could also say significantย  environmental cost of meat production.
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์œก๋ฅ˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
82:39
So you could say in a more everyday context,ย  I have a considerable amount of work to do.
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์ข€ ๋” ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ํ•  ์ผ์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋งŽ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
82:50
So it's telling you how much a large amount.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํฐ ๊ธˆ์•ก์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
82:57
The meat is made by first takingย  a muscle sample from an animal.
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๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋จผ์ € ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ทผ์œก ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
83:04
Of course, muscle.
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ๊ทผ์œก.
83:06
Now muscles are all over our body.
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์ด์ œ ๊ทผ์œก์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ ์ „์ฒด์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
83:09
I'm just pointing at a common one.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
83:11
I don't have very big muscles,ย  but there's a muscle there.
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๋ณ„๋กœ ํฐ ๊ทผ์œก์€ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ทผ์œก์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
83:15
Technicians.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž.
83:17
These are the people whoย  work in a lab, a lab tech.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค, ์ฆ‰ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
83:21
Ah, so we also commonly shorten theย  word technician because it's veryย ย 
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์•„, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
83:27
common to casually say I'm a labย  tech, I'm a laboratory technician.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž์ด๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์•„๋ฌด๋ ‡์ง€๋„ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
83:34
Now, of course, if you're writing yourย  formal resume, you wouldn't say lab tech.
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ๊ณต์‹ ์ด๋ ฅ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
83:39
You would use.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
83:40
The full form, but in casualย  conversation or speech youย ย 
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์ „์ฒด ํ˜•์‹์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋‚˜ ์—ฐ์„ค์—์„œ๋Š”
83:43
would definitely say, oh, I'm a lab tech.
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ '์•„, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
83:46
Technicians collect stem cells from the tissue.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋“ค์€ ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
83:50
So within muscle there isย  tissue and then within that.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทผ์œก ๋‚ด์— ์กฐ์ง์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ์กฐ์ง์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
83:56
Tissue there are.
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์กฐ์ง์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
83:58
Cells.
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์„ธํฌ.
83:59
Stem cells from the tissueย  multiply them dramatically.
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์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ค„๊ธฐ ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ์‹ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
84:05
So dramatically is a adverbย  like significantly dramatically.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
84:14
Again, it means.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋Š
84:15
To a large degree, I could also say.
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์ •๋„๋Š” ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
84:18
Considerably as an adverb.
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์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ.
84:21
So it means quite quickly in this contextย  'cause we're talking about multiplying.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณฑ์…ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
84:27
So to multiply means youย  would go from 2:00 to 4:00,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณฑํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ 2์‹œ์—์„œ 4์‹œ,
84:30
four to 88 to 16 and then be on and on and on.
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4์—์„œ 88, 16์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๊ณ„์†๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
84:34
But it does that dramatically.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
84:36
So it the IT happens veryย  quickly and in large quantities.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ IT๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
84:41
So you could go from 2 stem cells.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 2๊ฐœ์˜ ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
84:45
To.
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84:45
1000 stem cells in a small amount of time.
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์—๊ฒŒ.
์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ 1000๊ฐœ.
84:49
So that would be dramatically and allowย  them to differentiate into primitive fibers.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Š” ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋ฉฐ ์›์‹œ ์„ฌ์œ ๋กœ ๋ถ„ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
84:57
So fibers are like strands of hair almost, butย  they're within your your muscle, your tissue.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„ฌ์œ ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฝ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทผ์œก, ์กฐ์ง ๋‚ด์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
85:07
Fibers that then bulk up in the context of fibersย ย 
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์„ฌ์œ ์งˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์กฐ์ง ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทผ์œก์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์„ฌ์œ ์งˆ์ด ์ปค์ง€๋ฉด ์„ฌ์œ ์งˆ์ด ์ปค์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋”
85:14
or tissue or muscle, bulkย  up means to become larger.
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์ปค์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
85:20
So.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ.
85:21
You see this a lot in the sports world.
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์Šคํฌ์ธ ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
85:24
If you're about to go to a sports competition,ย ย 
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์Šคํฌ์ธ  ๋Œ€ํšŒ์— ๊ฐ€๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
85:28
you would probably want to bulk up, which meansย  you would want your muscles to become larger.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋ฒŒํฌ์—…์„ ์›ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ทผ์œก์ด ๋” ์ปค์ง€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
85:35
Before your competition, you would go to the gym,ย ย 
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๋Œ€ํšŒ ์ „์—๋Š” ์ฒด์œก๊ด€์— ๊ฐ€์…จ๊ณ ,
85:39
and you would go to the gym aย  lot because you want to bulk up.
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๋ชธ์ง‘์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์„œ ์ฒด์œก๊ด€์— ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฐ€์…จ์ฃ .
85:43
It's not just your arm muscles, itย  could be muscles all over your body.
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ํŒ” ๊ทผ์œก๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ชธ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ๊ทผ์œก์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
85:48
And you'll see advertisements on TV forย  take this pill and it will help you bulk up,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  TV์—์„œ ์ด ์•ฝ์„ ๋ณต์šฉํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋ชธ์ง‘์ด ์ปค์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
85:54
which means it will help your you andย  your muscles, your body become larger.
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์ฆ‰, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๊ทผ์œก, ๋ชธ์ด ๋” ์ปค์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
86:00
So let me just write that to become larger,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋” ์ปค์ง€๋„๋ก ์“ฐ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
86:03
but in the context of your body, yourย  muscles, to become larger body muscles.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชธ์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ๊ทผ์œก์€ ๋” ํฐ ์‹ ์ฒด ๊ทผ์œก์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
86:12
I don't want to bulk up, but someย  people clearly do for different reasons.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
86:19
Then bulk up to form muscle tissue.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฒŒํฌ์—…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทผ์œก ์กฐ์ง์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
86:23
Mosa meat says that one tissue sample from a cowย ย 
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Mosa ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์†Œ ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์กฐ์ง โ€‹โ€‹์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ
86:27
can yield enough muscle tissueย  to make 80,000 quarter pounders.
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80,000์ฟผํ„ฐํŒŒ์šด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ทผ์œก ์กฐ์ง์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
86:35
Wow.
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์šฐ์™€.
86:36
So yield means to produce in the senseย  of result in produce result in produce.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ™•๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
86:45
Let me write this produce result in.
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์ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
86:49
So one tissue sample canย  yield, produce, result in.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์กฐ์ง ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ, ์ƒ์‚ฐ, ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
86:55
80.
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86:55
1000 burgers.
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80.
1000๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ.
86:57
That's insane.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ฏธ์นœ ์ง“์ด์•ผ.
87:00
Quarter Pounder, if you didn't know, is a burger.
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๋ชฐ๋ž๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ฟผํ„ฐํŒŒ์šด๋”๋Š” ๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
87:03
It's a burger that is madeย  with a quarter pound of meat.
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1/4ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ์˜ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
87:09
A burger made from a quarter pound of meat.
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1/4ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ์˜ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
87:15
If you like burgers, and if you eat at McDonald's,ย ย 
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ํ–„๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งฅ๋„๋‚ ๋“œ์—์„œ ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋งฅ๋„๋‚ ๋“œ์˜
87:19
you'll know that a name of a burgerย  at McDonald's is 1/4 pounder.
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๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด 1/4ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
87:26
You can order 1/4 pounder at McDonald's.
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๋งฅ๋„๋‚ ๋“œ์—์„œ๋Š” 1/4ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ง
87:31
That is a lot of burgers.
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๋งŽ์€ ํ–„๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
87:34
Wow, I hope you're enjoyingย  this lesson and if you are,ย ย 
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์™€, ์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์œผ์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
87:39
then I want to tell you aboutย  the Finally Fluent Academy.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ Fluent Academy์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
87:43
This is my premium training program whereย  we study native English speakers on TV,ย ย 
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TV,
87:49
movies, YouTube, and the news.
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์˜ํ™”, ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ, ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ์—„ ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
87:51
So you can add common vocabulary,ย  learn advanced grammar, improveย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ ,
87:56
your listening skills, improve yourย  pronunciation all at the same time.
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๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
88:01
Plus, you'll get personalized support from me.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ท€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ €๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
88:04
So you can look in the descriptionย  for a link on how to become a member.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ํšŒ์›์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
88:08
Let's continue a number.
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์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์ž.
88:10
Of the startups.
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์Šคํƒ€ํŠธ์—… ์ค‘.
88:12
I think they used this before.
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๋‚ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ „์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
88:14
I didn't mention it.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
88:15
You probably know this.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•„๋งˆ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
88:16
It's very common term these days, but a startupย  is a company that has recently been established.
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์š”์ฆ˜ ๋งค์šฐ ํ”ํ•œ ์šฉ์–ด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์Šคํƒ€ํŠธ์—…์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์„ค๋ฆฝ๋œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
88:24
It's a very young company.
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์•„์ฃผ ์ Š์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
88:27
Young in the sense of it's a new company.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ ์ Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
88:30
So a company that has recently been established.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์„ค๋ฆฝ๋œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
88:41
A number of the startups say they expect to haveย  products for sale within the next few years.
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๋งŽ์€ ์Šคํƒ€ํŠธ์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋‚ด์— ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ํŒ๋งคํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
88:48
Now to be honest, this article is quite old.
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์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ ์ด ๊ธ€์€ ๊ฝค ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ธ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
88:52
I think it's from 2018, so the next fewย  years could be any day now, this year next.
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2018๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋‹ˆ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋ช‡ ๋…„์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ, ๋‚ด๋…„์€ ์˜ฌํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
89:00
Year so this.
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์˜ฌํ•ด๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ.
89:01
Is going to be coming to your grocery stores.
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์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ ์ ์— ์˜ฌ ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
89:04
What do you think?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
89:05
Would you buy lab grown meat knowing that it couldย ย 
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89:10
reduce environmental damage andย  it could reduce harm to animals?
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ๋™๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
89:17
Is that something that you would want to support?
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
89:20
That's an interesting question.
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๋„ค์š”.
89:22
Share your comments about lab grown meat if youย  would want to to eat it or not in the comments.
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋จน๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€์ง€, ๋จน๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์€์ง€ ๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
89:30
But clean meat, remember this was anย  alternative name to lab grown meat.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋Œ€์ฒด ์ด๋ฆ„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
89:35
But clean meat will have to overcome a numberย  of barriers if it is to be commercially viable.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์—…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
89:43
So if something is commercially viable,ย  viable is another way of seeing successful.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ƒ์—…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
89:50
And how is something commercially successful?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ์—…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
89:53
Well, it has to be profitable.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ˆ˜์ต์ด ๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
89:56
In order for a company to be viable, successful,ย ย 
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋น„์šฉ์„
90:01
they need to make enough money to coverย  their expenses, which means profitable.
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์ถฉ๋‹นํ•  ๋งŒํผ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
90:07
So although they're saying commerciallyย  viable, it's just another way of reallyย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ƒ์—…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
90:12
saying profitable because that isย  what a commercially viable company is,ย ย 
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ƒ์—…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
90:18
profitable, but clean meat will haveย  to overcome a number of barriers.
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์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
90:25
A barrier is something thatย  prevents you from getting somewhere.
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์žฅ๋ฒฝ์€ ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
90:32
You might be driving down the road and then youย ย 
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๊ธธ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์šด์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€
90:36
get to a bridge and they'reย  doing repairs to the bridge.
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๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง์›์ด ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
90:40
So they put a barrier in front of theย  bridge, which could be pylons or justย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฒ ํƒ‘์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
90:47
a piece of of wood across the the bridge,ย  but it prevents you from going any further.
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๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์กฐ๊ฐ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ์•ž์— ๋‘์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
90:56
It's a barrier.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์ด๋‹ค.
90:57
So you will encounter barriers whenย  you're commuting, you're driving,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ถœํ‡ด๊ทผํ•  ๋•Œ, ์šด์ „ํ•  ๋•Œ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ,
91:02
and you can also count encounterย  barriers in terms of problems,ย ย 
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๋ฌธ์ œ, ์–ด๋ ค์›€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋„์ „ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์€
91:08
difficulties, or challenges because they preventย  you from from progressing, from going further.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
91:15
And overcome is another way of seeing solve.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทน๋ณต์€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
91:21
So you solve, eliminate, overcome,ย  solve, eliminate, get rid of overcome.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ , ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ , ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
91:32
You find the solution too.
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๋‹น์‹ ๋„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
91:36
Let's continue on to our cost and taste Two toย ย 
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ๋ง›์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ „์— ์ฝ์€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
91:42
what you always have to thinkย  about what you've read before.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 2๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
91:46
And they were just talkingย  about a number of barriers.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
91:50
So now they're telling usย  about two of these barriers.
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ ์ค‘ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
91:55
So you could absolutely say 2 ofย  these barriers are cost and taste.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ ์ค‘ 2๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ์ทจํ–ฅ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
92:05
In 2013 when a burger made from lab grownย  meat was presented to journalists, the Patty.
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2013๋…„์— ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ์ธ ํŒจํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
92:14
This is just another way of saying burger.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
92:17
The burger Patty.
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๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ ํŒจํ‹ฐ.
92:19
The burger generally think ofย  McDonald's or any fast food restaurant.
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๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งฅ๋„๋‚ ๋“œ๋‚˜ ํŒจ์ŠคํŠธํ‘ธ๋“œ์ ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
92:27
When you get a burger it has the bun,ย ย 
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๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋จน์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฒˆ,
92:31
the Patty, and things like ketchup,ย  mustard, onions, Pickles, cheese.
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ํŒจํ‹ฐ, ์ผ€์ฒฉ, ๋จธ์Šคํƒ€๋“œ, ์–‘ํŒŒ, ํ”ผํด, ์น˜์ฆˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด
92:39
So all of that together forms a completeย  burger, and then the meat in the burger is.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ฉ์ณ์ ธ์„œ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ , ์ด์–ด์„œ ๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ์— ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์™„์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
92:46
Referred to a Patty the.
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ํŒจํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
92:48
Burger.
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๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ.
92:49
Patty So that's the piece.
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ํŒจํ‹ฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
92:51
Of meat in a burger.
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๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ์— ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ์–ด์š”.
92:53
Let me just write that for you.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ ์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
92:56
Burger Patty.
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๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ ํŒจํ‹ฐ.
92:58
The piece of meat in a burger.
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๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ์— ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ์กฐ๊ฐ.
93:02
Because remember, a burger is not just the meat,ย  it's the bun and all the other toppings as well.
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋นต๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ† ํ•‘๋„ ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
93:10
The Patty costs more than $300,000.
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ํŒจํ‹ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ 30๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
93:14
Oh, that's one expensive burger to produce.
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์•„, ๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์—” ๋น„์‹ผ ๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ๊ตฌ๋‚˜.
93:18
And was overly dry.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋ง๋ž์–ด์š”.
93:22
Here we have that adjective.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ทธ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
93:23
What's the opposite of dry?
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๊ฑด์‹์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋ง์€ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€์š”?
93:25
Good test.
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์ข‹์€ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ.
93:26
You learn this at the beginning.
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์ฒ˜์Œ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
93:29
The opposite of dry is juicy.
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๋“œ๋ผ์ด์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋ง์€ ์ฅฌ์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
93:35
And what did I say?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
93:36
Is DRY a positive thing or aย  negative thing to describe?
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DRY๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
93:42
A.
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93:42
Burger as dry.
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A.
๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋กœ.
93:44
It's a negative thing.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
93:45
It's a criticism of that burger.
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๊ทธ ๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
93:48
It means it didn't taste very good.
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๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ง›์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค.
93:50
And by saying overly overlyย  means too much than you wanted,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ณ ,
93:57
so overly more than you wanted or needed,ย  you could say the meeting was long.
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์›ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ ๊ธธ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
94:12
And this is more just stating a fact.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ง„์ˆ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
94:14
The meeting was long, that doesn't.
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ํšŒ์˜๋Š” ๊ธธ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
94:16
Necessarily tell you if that's.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ผญ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
94:17
A positive thing or a negative thing,ย  it's just more of a factual thing.
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๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋” ๊ฐ€๊น์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
94:22
But if you say the meeting was overly long,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ธธ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด
94:28
now this is negative because overlyย  means more than you wanted or needed.
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์ด์ œ ์ด๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ณผ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด ์›ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
94:35
Let's continue to receive market approval.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์Šน์ธ์„ ๋ฐ›์ž.
94:38
Clean meat will have to be.
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๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊นจ๋—ํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
94:40
Proved safe.
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์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ฆ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
94:41
To eat so market approval means it's.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์Šน์ธ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
94:46
Approved to sell at the grocery store.
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์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ์ ์—์„œ ํŒ๋งคํ•˜๋„๋ก ์Šน์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
94:50
The government says yes, you can sellย  this product at the grocery store.
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์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ์ ์—์„œ ํŒ๋งคํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
94:55
That would be market approval.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œ์žฅ ์Šน์ธ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
94:57
Meanwhile, traditional meatย  producers are pushing back.
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ํ•œํŽธ, ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์œก๋ฅ˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์—…์ฒด๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
95:02
When you push back on something generally.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋ถ™์ผ ๋•Œ.
95:06
A.
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A.
95:07
Rule a policy, a decision.
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์ •์ฑ…, ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
95:10
It means you're saying no, I don't want that,ย  or you're saying no, we shouldn't do that.
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์ด๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
95:20
You're pushing back.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋’ค๋กœ ๋ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
95:22
So you're voicing an opposingย  opinion to push back,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ท€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ํ‘œ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ,
95:31
voicing an opposing opinion or view or option.
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด ๋˜๋Š” ์˜ต์…˜์„ ํ‘œ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
95:44
So maybe your boss wants everyone toย  work an hour later every single day.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งค์ผ ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์”ฉ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
95:55
That's his new idea.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์•ผ.
95:57
Hey team, I have this great idea.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ํŒ€, ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
95:59
We're all going to work anย  extra hour every single day.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋” ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
96:04
But everyone said, no, I'm not doing that.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋‹ค๋“ค '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๋‚œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ง“ ์•ˆ ํ•ด์š”'๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
96:07
I don't want to do that.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
96:08
We shouldn't do that.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
96:10
That is pushing back.
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๋’ค๋กœ ๋ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
96:12
So the the employees push back.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง์›๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
96:15
They said no, I don't want to do that.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
96:17
We shouldn't do that.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
96:18
That's a bad idea.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋‚˜์œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด์—์š”.
96:20
That would be pushing back.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋’ค๋กœ ๋ฐ€๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
96:23
So the traditional meat producers,ย  the farmers are pushing back,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์œก๋ฅ˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž, ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์€
96:28
arguing that the lab generated products are notย  me at all and should not be labeled as such.
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ์ œํ’ˆ์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ผ๋ฒจ์„ ๋ถ™์—ฌ์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
96:36
So when you go to the groceryย  store and you buy a burger,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ์ ์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ํ–„๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ด ๋•Œ
96:41
they shouldn't say it's meatย  if it was grown in a lab.
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์ž๋ž€ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
96:48
What do you think?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
96:49
Do you agree with that?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋™์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
96:52
Despite these challenges, the cleanย  meat companies are foraging ahead.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฒญ ์ •์œก ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์•ž์„œ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
96:58
So to forge ahead means that they areย  continuing or progressing despite difficulties.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ forge before๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›€์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
97:08
So continue progress despite difficulties.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์† ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
97:18
So in English learning context,ย  you could say learning phrasalย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•™์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
97:23
verbs is very difficult, but I'm going to forgeย  ahead, which means you're not going to quit.
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์ €๋Š” ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
97:30
You're going to continue studying,ย  continue learning phrasal verbs,ย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ณ„์† ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ ,
97:34
continue using phrasal verbs evenย  though there are difficulties involved,ย ย 
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๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋”๋ผ๋„, ์ •ํ†ต ์‹œ์Œ ์ œํ’ˆ์„
97:43
if they can succeed in creatingย  authentic tasting products.
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๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
97:47
So that would be.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
97:49
A a burger.
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A ๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ.
97:51
Patty that actually tastes like a burger.
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์ •๋ง ๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ๋ง›์ด ๋‚˜๋Š” ํŒจํ‹ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
97:54
It's juicy, it has the flavor, the texture.
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์œก์ฆ™์ด ๋งŽ๊ณ  ๋ง›๊ณผ ์งˆ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
97:58
That would be authentic, authenticย  tasting products that are also affordable.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๋„ ์ €๋ ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •ํ†ตํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ง›์ด ์ข‹์€ ์ œํ’ˆ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
98:04
Remember how expensive?
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋น„์‹ผ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
98:05
It was.
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๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค.
98:07
Clean meat could make our daily eating habitsย  more ethical and environmentally sustainable.
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๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์‹์Šต๊ด€์„ ๋”์šฑ ์œค๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
98:16
And remember, they're again using thatย  modal could because at this point whenย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
98:22
this article was written, clean meatย  was not available in the public.
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์ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋œ ์ด ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ค‘์—๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ชจ๋‹ฌ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
98:27
So this is just a possibility,ย  possibility or potential.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ, ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
98:34
Clean meat could make our daily eating habitsย  more ethical and environmentally sustainable.
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๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์‹์Šต๊ด€์„ ๋”์šฑ ์œค๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
98:42
I personally think this is a very interestingย ย 
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ฃผ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
98:44
topic so I hope you enjoyed theย  article in learning about this.
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์ฝ์œผ์…จ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
98:49
So now what I'll do is I'll go toย  the top and I'll read the articleย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์ œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ๋งจ ์œ„๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ
98:52
from start to finish and this timeย  you can focus on my pronunciation.
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์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ๋ฐœ์Œ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
98:57
Lab grown meat, Beef for dinner withoutย  killing animals or the environment.
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ, ๋™๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ฃฝ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ €๋… ์‹์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‡ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์ฃฝ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋œ ์œก์ฆ™์ด
99:04
Imagine biting into a juicy burger thatย  was produced without killing animals.
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ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ์ž… ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ฌผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š” .
99:09
Meat grown in a laboratory from culturedย  cells is turning that vision into a reality.
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๋ฐฐ์–‘๋œ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋น„์ „์„ ํ˜„์‹ค๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
99:15
Several startups are developing labย  grown beef, pork, poultry and seafood.
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์Šคํƒ€ํŠธ์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•œ ์‡ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ, ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ ๊ธฐ, ๊ฐ€๊ธˆ๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒญ์ •์œก์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
99:22
If widely adopted, lab grownย  meat, also called clean meat,ย ย 
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜๋ฉด
99:27
could eliminate much of the cruel,ย  unethical Treatment of Animals raised for.
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์ž”์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„์œค๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋™๋ฌผ ๋Œ€์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
99:32
Food.
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์Œ์‹.
99:33
It could also reduce the considerableย  environmental cost of meat production.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์œก๋ฅ˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
99:38
The meat is made by first takingย  a muscle sample from an animal.
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๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋จผ์ € ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ทผ์œก ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
99:42
Technicians collect stem cells fromย  the tissue, multiply them dramaticallyย ย 
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ ์ค„๊ธฐ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ์‹์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ 
99:47
and allow them to differentiate into primitiveย  fibers that then bulk up to form muscle tissue.
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์›์‹œ ์„ฌ์œ ๋กœ ๋ถ„ํ™”ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ ธ ๊ทผ์œก ์กฐ์ง์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
99:53
Mosa Meat says that one tissue sample from a cowย ย 
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Mosa Meat๋Š” ์†Œ ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์กฐ์ง โ€‹โ€‹์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ
99:57
can yield enough muscle tissueย  to make 80,000 quarter pounders.
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80,000์ฟผํ„ฐํŒŒ์šด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ทผ์œก ์กฐ์ง์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
100:03
A number of the startups say they expect to haveย  products for sale within the next few years,ย ย 
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๋งŽ์€ ์Šคํƒ€ํŠธ์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋‚ด์— ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ํŒ๋งคํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
100:08
but clean meat will have to overcome a numberย  of barriers if it is to be commercially viable.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฒญ์ •์œก์ด ์ƒ์—…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
100:15
2 are costs and tastes.
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2๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ์ทจํ–ฅ์ด๋‹ค.
100:18
In 2013, when a burger made from labย  grown meat was presented to journalists,ย ย 
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2013๋…„ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์„ ๋•Œ
100:23
the Patty cost more than $300,000ย  to produce and was overly dry.
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ํŒจํ‹ฐ๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋น„์šฉ์ด 300,000๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฑด์กฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
100:29
To receive market approval, clean meatย  will have to be proved safe to eat.
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์‹œ์žฅ ์Šน์ธ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋จน๊ธฐ์— ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ฆ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
100:35
Meanwhile, traditional meatย  producers are pushing back,ย ย 
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ํ•œํŽธ, ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์œก๋ฅ˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž๋“ค์€
100:38
arguing that the lab generated products are notย  meat at all and should not be labeled as such.
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋œ ์ œํ’ˆ์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์œก๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ผ๋ฒจ์„ ๋ถ™์—ฌ์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
100:45
Despite these challenges, the cleanย  meat companies are forging ahead.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฒญ ์ •์œก ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์•ž์„œ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์—
100:49
If they can succeed in creating authenticย  tasting products that are also affordable,ย ย 
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์ •ํ†ต ๋ง›์ด ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
100:54
clean meat can make our daily eating habitsย  more ethical and environmentally sustainable.
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๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์‹์Šต๊ด€์„ ๋”์šฑ ์œค๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
101:00
Congratulations.
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์ถ•ํ•˜ํ•ด์š”.
101:01
Think of how much you learned today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฐ์› ๋Š”์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
101:04
Do you want me to make more?
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ค„๊นŒ?
101:05
Lessons like this if.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ ˆ์Šจ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด. ๋Œ“๊ธ€์—
101:06
You do put more news, more news,ย  put more news in the comments.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋‰ด์Šค, ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋‰ด์Šค, ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
101:11
And of course, make sure you like this lesson,ย  share it with your friends and subscribe.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ์…จ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
101:15
So you're notified every time I post a new lesson.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒŒ์‹œํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
101:18
And you can get this free speakingย  guide where I share 6 tips on howย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 6๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŒ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
101:21
to speak English fluently and confidently.
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101:23
You can click here to download it orย  look for the link in the description.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
101:27
And now, why don't you practice yourย  speaking with this lesson right now?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•ด๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7