Top 10 Most Common C1 Nouns in the English Language! (with QUIZ)

17,500 views ใƒป 2023-09-13

JForrest English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Welcome back to JForrest English.
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JForrest English์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:01
I'm Jennifer.
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:02
And today you're going to learn the 10 mostย  common C1 nouns in the English language.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ C1 ๋ช…์‚ฌ 10๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:10
These are advanced nouns that you need to knowย  to express your ideas fluently and naturally.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
And make sure you watch until the end.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ผญ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
Because I'm going to quiz you to make sureย  you really understand this vocabulary.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
Let's get started.
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž.
00:28
In this lesson, all theย  vocabulary is considered C1.
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์–ดํœ˜๊ฐ€ C1์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
Vocabulary.
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์–ดํœ˜.
00:33
Students at this level are expected to have a wideย ย 
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์ด ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ
00:38
range of vocabulary and useย  advanced language structures.
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์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์–ธ์–ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
So by adding these most commonย  C1 nouns to your vocabulary,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ C1 ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์–ดํœ˜์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด
00:49
you'll be able to get to that C1 level faster.
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ํ•ด๋‹น C1 ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์— ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
Disparity.
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์ƒ์ด.
00:55
Disparity.
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์ƒ์ด.
00:57
This is a noticeable differenceย  or inequality between things,ย ย 
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์ด๋Š”
01:02
often in terms of quantity, quality, or status.
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์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰, ํ’ˆ์งˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
For example, there is a significant disparityย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
01:12
in income levels between theย  rich and poor in this city.
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์ด ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ž์™€ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์†Œ๋“ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„
01:18
Remember grammatically thatย  we're talking about nouns.
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š” .
01:22
So pay attention to if theย  noun requires an article,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ๊ด€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€,
01:26
or if not, because it's eitherย  an exception or it's uncountable.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€์ง€ ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด๋Š” ์˜ˆ์™ธ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
In this case, we have a disparity.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
We need an article.
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๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
There is a modifier, a significant disparity.
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์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
The article is conjugated with the modifier.
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๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
So if you need AH or, andย  it depends on what directlyย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ AH๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋˜๋Š”
01:52
comes after the article A significant disparity.
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๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ์ง์ ‘ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
Resilience, Resilience.
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ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ, ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ.
01:59
This is a concept, and it's when you canย  recover quickly from challenges or difficulties.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋„์ „์ด๋‚˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์—์„œ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
For example, the community'sย  resilience was evident in howย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์€ ํŒŒ๊ดด์ ์ธ ์ง€์ง„ ์ดํ›„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์žฌ๊ฑด๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:15
quickly they rebuilt afterย  the devastating earthquake.
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.
02:19
So there was this devastatingย  earthquake that destroyed the homes.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง‘๋“ค์ด ํŒŒ๊ดด๋œ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ง€์ง„์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
But the city's resilience, their ability toย  recover quickly from challenges or difficulties,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ, ๋„์ „์ด๋‚˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋•๋ถ„์—
02:32
allow them to rebuild the home and noticeย  that the resilience, it belongs to the city.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง‘์„ ์žฌ๊ฑดํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋„์‹œ์— ์†ํ•ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
This city's resilience.
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์ด ๋„์‹œ์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ.
02:44
Dilemma.
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์–‘๋„ ๋…ผ๋ฒ•.
02:45
Dilemma.
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์–‘๋„ ๋…ผ๋ฒ•.
02:46
That's fun to say.
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๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ์ฐธ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
02:48
Dilemma.
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์–‘๋„ ๋…ผ๋ฒ•.
02:49
This is a difficult situation orย  problem where a choice must beย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ต์…˜ ์ค‘์—์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
02:56
made between two options, butย  they're equally undesirable.
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
So both of the options aren't veryย  good, but you have to make a decision.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‘ ์˜ต์…˜ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์ข‹์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ ค์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
That's a dilemma.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
And notice that article a dilemma.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ์— ๋น ์กŒ์Œ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
03:13
For example, she faced A dilemmaย  between taking a high paying jobย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด
03:19
she didn't enjoy or pursuing her passionย  for art, but with an uncertain income.
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์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ด์ •์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ˜์ž…์ด ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๊ณ ์ž„๊ธˆ ์ง์—…์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
So she can take the high payingย  job, but she doesn't like it.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์ง์—…์„ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
Or she can pursue art, but there's no money.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ˆ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
So that's a dilemma, because both ofย  those options have undesirable qualities.
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๋‘ ์˜ต์…˜ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋Š” ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
Endeavor.
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๋…ธ๋ ฅ.
03:42
Endeavor.
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๋…ธ๋ ฅ.
03:43
This is a serious or determinedย  effort to achieve something,ย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€,
03:48
especially something challenging or worthwhile.
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ํŠนํžˆ ๋„์ „์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹จํ˜ธํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
For example, the team made every endeavorย  to complete the project ahead of schedule.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํŒ€์€ ์ผ์ •๋ณด๋‹ค ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
Notice here, because it's aย  noun, we sometimes requireย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
04:04
other grammatical structures to make it complete.
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์ด๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
And here you make an endeavor.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
Otherwise, we could actuallyย  use endeavor as a verb.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
The team endeavored to complete the project.
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ํŒ€์€ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
But this lesson is teaching you nouns.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
And in this case, endeavor is also a noun.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
But you make an endeavor.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
In this example, it's made every endeavor.
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์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
So we have our verb make in the past Simple.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜• ๋™์‚ฌ make๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
And because every implies there was more thanย  one, we don't have an article made every endeavor.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๋‹คํ•œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
But endeavor is a noun thatย  doesn't take a plural form.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์„ ์ทจํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
So the noun is plural, butย  we don't add an S to it.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด์ง€๋งŒ S๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
Inclination, Inclination.
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์„ฑํ–ฅ, ์„ฑํ–ฅ.
05:04
This is a natural tendency orย  preference towards something.
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์ด๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์„ ํ˜ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
His inclination towards music led him toย  pursue a career as a professional musician,ย ย 
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์Œ์•…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์ด ์ „๋ฌธ ์Œ์•…์ธ์˜ ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฑท๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ
05:17
so he has a natural tendency towards music.
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์Œ์•…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
Or simply, he has a preference,ย  and because of that preference,ย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์„ ํ˜ธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
05:27
he's pursuing a career as a musician.
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์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
His inclination and notice theย  inclination belongs to him.
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๊ทธ์˜ ์„ฑํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
His inclination towards music.
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์Œ์•…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ์˜ ์„ฑํ–ฅ.
05:40
Catalyst.
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์ด‰๋งค.
05:42
Catalyst.
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์ด‰๋งค.
05:43
A catalyst is something that speeds upย ย 
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์ด‰๋งค์ œ๋Š”
05:46
a significant change or thatย  causes a significant change.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
For example, the new technology servedย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€
05:55
as a catalyst for the company's rapidย  expansion into international markets.
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ์ œ ์‹œ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ด‰๋งค์ œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
So in this case, the catalystย  is the new technologyย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด‰๋งค์ œ ๋Š” ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ 
06:09
and the new technology allowed the company toย  speed up a significant change, which in thisย ย 
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์ด๋ฉฐ ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด
06:18
case is expanding into international marketsย  or it simply caused that significant change.
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๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ ์‹œ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
So either they were in the process of doingย  this or they started it as a new project.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด ์ผ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
But the new technology was theย  catalyst, it sped it up or it caused it.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์ด‰๋งค์ œ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
Disposition, disposition.
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์ฒ˜๋ถ„, ์ฒ˜๋ถ„.
06:47
This is a person's inherentย  qualities of mind and character.
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์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ํƒ€๊ณ ๋‚œ ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
Or you can think of it asย  one's temperament or nature.
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ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ธฐ์งˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
For example, her cheerful disposition made herย  a joy to be around even in difficult situations.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์พŒํ™œํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
So here her disposition, disposition is the noun,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์„ฑํ–ฅ, ์„ฑํ–ฅ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ ,
07:10
and it simply represents herย  character, her personality.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ, ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
And then we have an adjective,ย  her cheerful disposition,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์พŒํ™œํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
07:21
and in that case it soundsย  like a positive disposition.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
But somebody could have a negative disposition.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
His angry disposition made himย  a negative person to be around.
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๊ทธ์˜ ํ™”๋‚œ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
To completely change the exampleย  to the opposite connotation.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๋ฉด
07:41
Connotation.
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๋‚ดํฌ.
07:43
This is the emotional or cultural associationsย  that a word has beyond is literal meaning.
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์ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์ •์„œ์  ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:52
So let's take the word home literally.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ง‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด์ž.
07:56
A home is where you live.
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์ง‘์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
That's the literal meaning.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
Well, what other connotationsย  are there with the word home?
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์Œ, ์ง‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
08:06
We could say the word home has positiveย  connotations of warmth and security.
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์ง‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์—๋Š” ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•จ๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ „์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:13
So that's the emotional characteristicsย  that the word has beyond is literal meaning.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •์  ํŠน์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
That's the connotation, controversy, controversy.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜๋ฏธ, ๋…ผ์Ÿ, ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
I'm sure you know this one.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
This is a prolonged public dispute or debate,ย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด๋‚˜ ํ† ๋ก ์œผ๋กœ,
08:33
often involving opposingย  views or conflicting opinions.
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์ข…์ข… ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋‚˜ ์ƒ์ถฉ๋˜๋Š” ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
For example, the new government policyย  sparked A controversy among citizensย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •๋ถ€ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ๊ณ 
08:45
and politicians alike sparked a controversy.
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์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ๋„ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
Here, the word spark simply means created.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ŠคํŒŒํฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
The controversy only existsย  because of this new policy.
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๋…ผ๋ž€์€ ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •์ฑ… ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—๋งŒ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
And remember, the controversy is that thereย  are opposing views, conflicting ideas.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋…ผ๋ž€์€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฌํ•ด, ์ƒ์ถฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
So there's going to be some sort of debate,ย  and is going to be a prolonged debate,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ํ‰์†Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ธด ํ† ๋ก ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
a longer than usual debate,ย  because it's a controversy.
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๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
Inference, inference.
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์ถ”๋ก , ์ถ”๋ก .
09:21
This is a conclusion reached based on evidenceย  and reasoning rather than direct observation.
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์ด๋Š” ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์™€ ์ถ”๋ก ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:30
So I could look at somethingย  and reach a conclusion.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
That's direct observation, but maybe I don'tย  have the advantage of looking at something,ย ย 
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์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์ ์ด ์—†์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
09:42
So I have to use evidence andย  reasoning to reach that conclusion.
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์ฆ๊ฑฐ์™€ ์ถ”๋ก ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:49
That's inference.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ถ”๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
This is something that detectives do, becauseย  detectives don't always get to simply lookย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ํ˜•์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜•์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ
09:59
at something, to directly observe it,ย  for example, from the clues provided.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ง์ ‘ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค( ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ œ๊ณต๋œ ๋‹จ์„œ์—์„œ).
10:05
So the clues, that's theย  reasoning and the evidence.
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๋‹จ์„œ๋Š” ์ถ”๋ก ์ด์ž ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
From the clues provided, the detective made aย  crucial inference about the suspects location.
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์ œ๊ณต๋œ ๋‹จ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜•์‚ฌ๋Š” ์šฉ์˜์ž์˜ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ถ”๋ก ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
So the detective reached a conclusion aboutย  the suspects location not based on observation,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ˜•์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ด€์ฐฐ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์šฉ์˜์ž์˜ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
because if you could observe where a suspect is,ย ย 
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์šฉ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:28
well then you would knowย  exactly where that person is.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
But the detective didn't know.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜•์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
He had to use inference,ย  the clues to determine that.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ถ”๋ก , ์ฆ‰ ๋‹จ์„œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:41
So now you know the top ten C1 nouns, butย  how well do you truly know these nouns?
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์ด์ œ ์ƒ์œ„ 10๊ฐœ C1 ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์•„์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
10:49
Let's find out.
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์•Œ์•„ ๋ณด์ž.
10:50
With a quiz.
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ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋กœ.
10:52
So here are the questions.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
Hit pause.
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์ผ์‹œ ์ •์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
10:55
Take as much time as you need, and whenย  you're ready to see the answers, hit play.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๋‹ต์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
11:02
So how do you do with that quiz?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ’€๊นŒ์š”?
11:03
Well, let's find out.
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ์•Œ์•„ ๋ณด์ž.
11:05
Here are the answers.
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๋‹ต๋ณ€์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:07
Hit pause.
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์ผ์‹œ ์ •์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
11:08
Take as much time as youย  need to review the answers.
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๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
11:11
And when you're ready to continue, hit play.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
11:18
So how did you do with that quiz?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ’€์—ˆ์–ด์š”? ์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€
11:20
Make sure you share your score in theย  comments below and you can get this freeย ย 
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๋กœ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด
11:25
speaking guide where I share 6 tips on howย  to speak English fluently and confidently.
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์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 6๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŒ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
You can click here to download it orย  look for the link in the description.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฐ”๋กœ
11:33
And why don't you get startedย  with your next lesson right now?
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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