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JForrest English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Today you're going to learn English with the news.
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์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๋‰ด์Šค๋กœ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:02
We're going to read a news article together.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‰ด์Šค ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์„ ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:06
Welcome back to JForrest English, Of course.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  JForrest English์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:08
I'm Jennifer.
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00:08
Now let's get started.
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด์ œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:11
First, I'll read the headline.
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๋จผ์ € ์ œ๋ชฉ์„ ์ฝ์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:13
How were the pyramids built?
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ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€์–ด์กŒ๋‚˜์š”?
00:15
So our headline is actually a question.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
Questions are definitely somethingย  I see a lot of mistakes with.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
00:21
So notice the sentence structure, How?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ์š”?
00:24
And then we have our verbย  to be conjugated in what?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋‚˜์š”?
00:27
The Past.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ.
00:28
The past Plural, Because it's beingย  conjugated with pyramids, which is plural.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ธ ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
How were the pyramids?
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ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋Š” ์–ด๋• ๋‚˜์š”?
00:36
This is the subject.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
How were the pyramids built?
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ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€์–ด์กŒ๋‚˜์š”?
00:39
Now, let's say you wanted to take this questionย  and you wanted to complete this sentence.
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์ด์ œ ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ต ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
I wonder, do you know howย  to complete the sentence?
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
00:49
I wonder how the pyramids.
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ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–จ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜๋„ค์š”.
00:52
This is the subject.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
And then we have our auxiliaryย  verb and our main verb.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
I wonder how the pyramids were built, andย  notice it ends with a period, because thisย ย 
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ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
is not a question, this is a statement, whichย  is why we have the subject and then the verb.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์ง„์ˆ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
So what about you?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์–ด๋•Œ์š”?
01:12
Have you ever wondered howย  the pyramids were built?
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ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
01:16
Let's review this question.
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์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
What verb tense is it in the present perfect?
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
01:22
Have you ever wondered howย  the pyramids were built?
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ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
01:26
And to answer this you can say yes I have.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์— ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
Yes, I have wondered how theย  pyramids were built or no I haven't.
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์˜ˆ, ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
So here's the short form of the question.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์˜ ์งง์€ ํ˜•์‹์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
So put your answer in the comments.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‹ต์„ ๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
01:41
Yes I have.
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๋„ค, ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
01:42
No, I haven't.
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
Put that in the comments.
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๊ทธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
01:44
And now let's continue and find out one ofย  history's most ancient and unsolved puzzles.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋˜๊ณ  ํ’€๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํผ์ฆ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
Notice the pronunciation here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
01:54
Ancient.
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๊ณ ๋Œ€์˜.
01:56
Ancient.
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๊ณ ๋Œ€์˜.
01:57
One of history's most ancientย  and unsolved puzzles is theย ย 
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋˜๊ณ  ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํผ์ฆ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
02:02
construction of the pyramids againย  and again over the course of history.
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฑด์„ค๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
So here again and again.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ.
02:11
This is very useful to haveย  in your vocabulary again andย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ดํœ˜์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ
02:15
again is a very natural way to say repeatedly.
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๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
Native speakers use this a lot.
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์›์–ด๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
For example, I asked her againย  and again to clean her room.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฉ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
So you can use this with aย  little frustration or annoyance,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ขŒ์ ˆ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์งœ์ฆ์„ ์•ˆ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„
02:31
or you can use this in a more positive way.
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์žˆ๊ณ , ์ข€ ๋” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. IELTS๋ฅผ
02:34
I practice again and again for myย  IELTS, so a very natural expression.
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์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
Again and again, over the course of history,ย ย 
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์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ
02:44
many scholars and scientists asked and wonderedย  the same question of how the pyramids were built.
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๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ž์™€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฑด์„ค๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋™์ผํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
So notice here this is written as a statement.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ด ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์„ฑ๋ช…์„œ๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
They're stating what the question is,ย  but they're not asking it as a question.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
And you know that because the subject comes first.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋จผ์ €์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
How the pyramids were built.
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ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฑด์„ค๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€.
03:08
The Great Pyramids of Giza and the otherย  pyramids over 100 Egyptian pyramids areย ย 
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๊ธฐ์ž์˜ ๋Œ€ ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ์™€ 100๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๊ฑด์ถ•
03:16
considered the greatest pieces ofย  human engineering and architecture.
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์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:22
Notice the pronunciation.
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๋ฐœ์Œ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
03:23
I hear a lot of mistakes with this.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๋Š”๋‹ค.
03:26
Even students who have thisย  job title, I hear mistakes.
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์ด ์งํ•จ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๋„ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
Archa Architecture, Architecture, Architecture.
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Archa ๊ฑด์ถ•, ๊ฑด์ถ•, ๊ฑด์ถ•.
03:36
The job title is Architect and theย  field area of study is Architecture.
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์ง์œ„๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€์ด๊ณ , ์ „๊ณต ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
I'm an Architect.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
I studied architecture.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
Now let's go back because I want you to noticeย  here are considered the greatest pieces.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‘์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
If you used regarded, you would need regardedย  as are regarded as the greatest pieces.
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๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
But you don't need theย  preposition as with considered.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
So the structure is to be.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
Here's our verb, to be to be consideredย  something or to be regarded as something.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. to be be ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” to be ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
Now let's continue.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
These monuments are still standing afterย ย 
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์ด ๊ธฐ๋…๋ฌผ์€
04:22
over 4500 years and are stillย  a mystery unsolved to this day.
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4500๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ํ›„์—๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ’€๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฏธ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
To this day is a useful phrase.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
It means until now we use itย  in more of a poetic sense orย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ข€ ๋” ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
04:38
when we want to emphasize something specific.
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ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
For example, to this day,ย  I don't know why she quit.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
So let's say she quit five months ago.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ 5๊ฐœ์›” ์ „์— ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋’€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
04:48
Five months ago you could haveย  said I don't know why she quit.
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5๊ฐœ์›” ์ „์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
And from five months ago until now, toย  this day, I don't know why she quit.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  5๊ฐœ์›” ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ , ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์™œ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
She had an amazing job.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ง์—…์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
So This is why you don'tย  understand her reason for quitting.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์†
05:06
Before we move on, I'd loveย  to tell you about Pace AI,ย ย 
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์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ธ๊ณต ์ง€๋Šฅ์„
05:09
an English language learning platform that usesย  artificial intelligence to help you learn fromย ย 
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ์ค‘์ธ
05:15
real world content such as news articlesย  like the one we're reviewing right now.
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๋‰ด์Šค ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹ค์ œ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ์—์„œ ํ•™์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์ธ Pace AI์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:21
Paces AI helps you learn five times fasterย  by giving you personalized practice and realย ย 
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Paces AI๋Š”
05:27
time feedback with speaking, vocabulary, grammarย  and more, all tailored to your level and needs.
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๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ, ์–ดํœ˜, ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งž์ถคํ™”๋œ ์—ฐ์Šต๊ณผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋งž์ถฐ 5๋ฐฐ ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•™์Šตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
The best part is that you canย  learn from topics that areย ย 
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ์ ์€
05:38
interesting to you and relevant to the real world.
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์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
You can choose an existing articleย  from the categories such as business,ย ย 
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๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค,
05:48
science or tech, or you can upload anyย  article online simply by entering the link.
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๊ณผํ•™, ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋“ฑ์˜ ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์—…๋กœ๋“œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
And now my article's ready to review.
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์ด์ œ ๋‚ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
Case AI has an audio feature, so you canย  hear the content read by a native speaker.
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Case AI์—๋Š” ์˜ค๋””์˜ค ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์žˆ์–ด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด ์ฝ์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
This will help you improve both your listeningย  skills and pronunciation at the same time.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
Plus, you can look up the definitionย  of any word as you're reading,ย ย 
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ฝ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
06:17
so you're also expanding your vocabulary.
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์–ดํœ˜๋ ฅ๋„ ํ™•์žฅ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
You're learning correct sentence structure, andย  you're improving your reading comprehension.
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ๋…ํ•ด๋ ฅ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
If your native language isย  Spanish, Japanese, or Mandarin,ย ย 
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๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด, ์ผ๋ณธ์–ด, ์ค‘๊ตญ์–ด์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
06:31
you can use the translationย  feature for additional support.
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์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ง€์›์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฒˆ์—ญ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ์Œ์—
06:36
You can even get personalized feedback onย ย 
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๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„
06:38
your pronunciation so you knowย  what areas you need to improve.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
I love this feature.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
One of my favorite featuresย  is the personalized practice.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งž์ถค ์—ฐ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
There are engaging and effectiveย  exercises to improve your vocabulary,ย ย 
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์–ดํœ˜,
06:56
pronunciation, grammar, and even spelling.
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๋ฐœ์Œ, ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•๊นŒ์ง€ ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ณ  ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์—ฐ์Šต์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
These exercises will help you learn fasterย ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ์Šต์€ ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•™์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋ฉฐ
07:04
and also help you permanentlyย  remember everything you learn.
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ํ•™์Šตํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ๋„ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
And the AI Tutor is always available to helpย ย 
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07:13
you when you have questions orย  need more personalized support.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋”์šฑ ๋งž์ถคํ™”๋œ ์ง€์›์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋•Œ AI Tutor๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์ œ๋“ ์ง€ ๋„์›€์„ ๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
The AI Tutor is available in over 100 languagesย ย 
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AI Tutor๋Š” 100๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด
07:20
so you can get extra support inย  your native language when needed.
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๋กœ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:24
I highly recommend Pace AI as an effectiveย  and fun way to become fluent in English,ย ย 
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์ €๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ Pace AI๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํžˆ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:31
and Pace AI is giving all of you a freeย  seven day trial if you join using my link.
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Pace AI๋Š” ์ œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ 7์ผ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํŒ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
Once you've started your trial, you canย  join my personal class with the class code,ย ย 
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ํ‰๊ฐ€ํŒ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์—… ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚ด ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ˆ˜์—…์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
so look in the description for the link toย  start your free seven day trial right now.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฐ”๋กœ 7์ผ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํŒ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
07:50
Now let's continue with our lesson.
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์ด์ œ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
So the pyramids are still aย  mystery unsolved to this day.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ’€๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฏธ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
It sounds more dramatic.
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๋” ๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆํ‹ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
Some scriptures found from ancientย  Egyptians can help us to understandย ย 
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๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์„ฑ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋…๋ฌผ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:05
a bit better how the constructionย  of such monuments has come about.
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.
08:10
So notice here come about to come about.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
08:14
But this is conjugated in theย  present perfect has come about.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
This simply means happen.
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์ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
You could say to this day.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
So using this expression again, to this day,ย  I don't know how the problem came about.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ, ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
I don't know how the problem happened or started.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€, ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
And in the past you weren'tย  sure how it came about.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ผ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
And still today, now, so from the past until now,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„, ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€
08:42
you don't know how theย  problem came about happened.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:46
Let's continue.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
08:47
These huge structures of limestone or mudย ย 
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์ด ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ํšŒ์•” ๋˜๋Š” ์ง„ํ™
08:51
brick are the oldest known manย  made structures on our planet.
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๋ฒฝ๋Œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์ธ๊ณต ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
Known in this sentence isย  important because without it,ย ย 
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉด
09:00
it sounds like a fact that the pyramids areย  the oldest man made structures on our planet.
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ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
But by including known, it's suggesting thatย  perhaps there are older man made structures,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
09:15
but we don't know about themย  because we haven't discovered them.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•”์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:20
So it's adding some doubt to it.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜์‹ฌ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ
09:23
The oldest known man made structures.
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์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ.
09:25
You can also say the oldest man made structuresย ย 
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๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚˜์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š”
09:28
on our planet that we know ofย  it means the exact same thing.
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
So you can just summarize that by puttingย  known The general theory is based on theย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ด๋ก ์€
09:39
belief that the huge stones were carvedย  from the quarries using copper chisels.
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๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฑ„์„์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ์„ ์กฐ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฏฟ์Œ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
A chisel is simply a tool then these blocks.
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๋Œ์€ ์ด ๋ธ”๋ก๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
So the blocks being the hugeย  stones that were carved,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ธ”๋ก์€ ์กฐ๊ฐ๋œ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ,
09:55
the blocks that were used to form the pyramids.
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ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋ธ”๋ก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
Then these blocks were draggedย  and lifted into position.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ด ๋ธ”๋ก์„ ๋“œ๋ž˜๊ทธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์ž๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด ์˜ฌ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
Let's look at the verb to drag.
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๋“œ๋ž˜๊ทธํ•˜๋‹ค(drag)๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
When you drag something, you move it by pullingย  it on the ground rather than lifting it.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋Œ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋“ค์–ด ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋•…์— ๋Œ€๊ณ  ๋‹น๊ฒจ์„œ ์ด๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
So in this case, they weren't able to liftย  the stones because they were too heavy,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋Œ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์›Œ์„œ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ฌ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์„œ
10:18
so they had to drag them on the ground.
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๋•…๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋Œ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋…€์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
But this is something that childrenย  commonly do with their items,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
10:26
or adults do with items thatย  are also too heavy to lift.
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์–ด๋ฅธ์ด ๋“ค๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์šด ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
But for kids, you hear parents say a lot,ย  don't drag your school bag, it will get dirty.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ํ•™๊ต ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์„ ๋Œ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๋”๋Ÿฌ์›Œ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งŽ์ด ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
So the kid has their school bag and they're justย  dragging it behind them rather than lifting it up.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„์ด๋Š” ์ฑ…๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋’ค๋กœ ๋Œ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:47
However, this is very importantย  this transition word however,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ „ํ™˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
10:51
because now we know there'sย  going to be a contrasting point.
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€์กฐ๋˜๋Š” ์ ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
So this is 1 theory.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 1๊ฐœ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์ด๋‹ค.
10:58
So now it sounds like there's going to beย  another theory because they used however,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ์ ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋ก ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:03
which is always used toย  introduce a contrasting point.
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.
11:07
Transition words are an easy way toย  instantly sound more fluent and advanced,ย ย 
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์ „ํ™˜์–ด๋Š” ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
11:14
so I highly recommend you use them.
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
However, the method regarding the movement andย  placing of these stones is under great dispute.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ๋Œ์˜ ์ด๋™ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ์น˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํฐ ๋…ผ๋ž€์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:24
Our expression is to be under dispute, and thenย  great just modifies it to be under dispute.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„์€ to be ๋…ผ์Ÿ ์ค‘์ด๊ณ , great๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋…ผ์Ÿ ์ค‘์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
This means there isn't agreement.
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์ด๋Š” ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
So some people believe this.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:37
Other people believe this.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
There isn't agreement.
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ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:42
The techniques that were used in theย  process of constructing the Egyptianย ย 
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์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€
11:47
pyramids have baffled many historiansย  and scientists for countless years.
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์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์„ ๋‹นํ™ฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
Let's take a look at baffled.
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๋‹นํ™ฉํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์ž. ์ดํ•ด
11:57
This is used to say that you don'tย  understand or that you're confused.
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ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
So take a look at this example.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
12:05
The fact that she quit her job baffles me.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ง์žฅ์„ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋’€๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋‹นํ™ฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค.
12:10
This baffles me.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋‹นํ™ฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
12:12
So the something is this entire clause here.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ์ ˆ ์ „์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
The fact that she quit her job baffles me.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ง์žฅ์„ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋’€๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋‹นํ™ฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค.
12:19
Another way of saying this is I don't understandย  why she quit her job, but when you use baffle itย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์™œ ์ง์žฅ์„ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋’€๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, baffle์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด
12:27
emphasizes your lack of understanding orย  that you find something very confusing.
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์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งค์šฐ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
So it's a great way to emphasize this,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๊ณ ,
12:36
and it's very commonly used, so Iย  suggest you add it to your speech.
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๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์—ฐ์„ค์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:40
So the Egyptian pyramids have baffled manyย  historians and scientists for countless years.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์„ ๋‹นํ™ฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:46
When you don't want to specify a number,ย ย 
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์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ์ง€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒย ย  ํฐ ์ˆซ์ž
12:49
but you want it to sound like aย  big number, you can say countless.
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์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
I've been learning English for countless years.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:58
It sounds like a big number, maybeย  10, maybe 15 countless years.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ 10๋…„, ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด 15๋…„ ์ •๋„์˜ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ˆซ์ž์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
Here's another example using countlessย  I've asked her countless times toย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ
13:10
stop dragging her school bag, soย  again, it emphasizes many times.
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ํ•™๊ต ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ ๋Œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๋ผ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์—†์ด ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:16
Remember, you could also use.
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
13:18
I've asked her again and again, which alsoย  sounds like many times many controversialย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ ๊ฑด์„ค๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ผ๋ž€์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:25
hypotheses were introduced regardingย  the construction of the pyramids.
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.
13:31
Let's talk about controversial.
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๋…ผ๋ž€์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋ณด์ž.
13:33
If something is controversial, itย  means it causes disagreement or debate.
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๋…ผ๋ž€์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์˜๊ฒฌ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๋‚˜ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:39
So by saying that the pyramids were builtย  this way, well remember it's under dispute,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž˜ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
13:46
so some people don't agree with that.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:48
So that theory is controversial.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ์ด๋ก ์€ ๋…ผ๋ž€์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
It causes other people to become upsetย  because they don't agree with it.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:56
Many controversial hypothesis Hypothesis.
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๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ€์„ค ๊ฐ€์„ค.
14:00
This is the plural of hypothesisย  1, Hypothesis 2 or more hypothesis.
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๊ฐ€์„ค 1, ๊ฐ€์„ค 2 ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ€์„ค์˜ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:08
So notice the pronunciation changes at the endย  to identify the singular versus the plural.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์™€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์— ๋ฐœ์Œ์ด ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š” .
14:14
And a hypothesis is a theoryย  as to the reason for something.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์„ค์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์œ ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:19
So the hypothesis for how the pyramids were built.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€์–ด์กŒ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:24
It's a theory.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋ก ์ด๋‹ค. ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ ๊ฑด์„ค๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ
14:25
Many controversial hypothesis were introducedย  regarding the construction of the pyramids.
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๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
14:32
The form of the workforce is also under debate.
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์ธ๋ ฅ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋„ ๋…ผ์˜ ์ค‘์ด๋‹ค.
14:36
Before we saw to be under dispute, now we haveย  to be under debate, which is the same thing.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ๋ฒŒ์ด๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ๋ฒŒ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:44
It's the fact that people don't agree.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‹ค.
14:47
Some people say this is the reason,ย ย 
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด์œ ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณ ,
14:50
Other people say this is the reasonย  and they don't agree with each other.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด์œ ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์„œ๋กœ ๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:54
But notice that sentence structureย  to be under is our preposition.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ to be under๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
14:59
And then before dispute and hearย  debate, one theory suggests thatย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋…ผ์Ÿ๊ณผ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ์ „์—, ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์€
15:05
the pyramids were constructed using slaveย  labor, and another theory suggests theyย ย 
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ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋…ธ์˜ˆ ๋…ธ๋™์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑด์„ค๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  , ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋ก ์€
15:11
were built by 10s of thousands of freeย  skilled workers that worked for a salary.
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๊ธ‰์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์ˆ™๋ จ ๋…ธ๋™์ž์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฑด์„ค๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:19
If they work for a salary, itย  means they're paid for their work.
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์›”๊ธ‰์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ผํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:24
So they're not slavesย  because slaves were not paid.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋…ธ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ธ์˜ˆ๋Š” ๊ธ‰์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:28
So these are two theories thatย  are under dispute or under debate.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋…ผ์Ÿ ์ค‘์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋…ผ์˜ ์ค‘์ธ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:33
Let's continue.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
15:35
What is certain is that the workforceย  was highly organized and managed toย ย 
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ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ 3๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์กฐ์ง์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ณ ๋„๋กœ ์กฐ์งํ™”๋˜๊ณ 
15:41
the highest level by following an organized andย  planned process that consisted of three phases.
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์ตœ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
15:49
So here, notice what is certainย  is and then the statement.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ง„์ˆ ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ง„์ˆ ์„
15:54
This is useful if you want to introduce aย  statement but you want to suggest is 100% true.
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์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋งŒ 100% ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž„์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์œ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:01
Is not under debate.
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๋…ผ์˜์ค‘์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:02
Is not under dispute.
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๋ถ„์Ÿ ์ค‘์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:05
It's accepted as the truth.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง„์‹ค๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:07
Here's a sentence in an everyday context.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:10
What is certain is that I'm notย  going to buy her a new school bag.
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ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒˆ ์ฑ…๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์„ ์‚ฌ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:15
So you could say I'm not goingย  to buy her a new school bag.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒˆ ์ฑ…๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์„ ์‚ฌ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:18
But when you add, what isย  certain is that it emphasizes it.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:23
It makes it sound like a strong statement.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ง„์ˆ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:27
Now, you could also say it in a shorterย  way by saying I'm certainly not goingย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€
16:33
to buy her a new school bag, andย  that still emphasizes that point.
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๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒˆ ์ฑ…๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์„ ์‚ฌ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋” ์งง๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ทธ ์ ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ
16:38
So here is a longer form so you can see theย  sentence structure and then you can also justย ย 
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๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋” ๊ธด ํ˜•์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ
16:44
add the verb certainly, I'm certainlyย  not going to buy her a new school bag.
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. I'm really not to buy her a new school bag.
16:50
And why?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์™œ?
16:51
Because you asked her again andย  again not to drag her school bag,ย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์ฑ…๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์„ ๋Œ์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
16:56
but she didn't listen and the factย  she didn't listen baffles you.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋“ฃ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋‹นํ™ฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:01
So what is certain is that the workforce.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ๋ ฅ์ด๋‹ค.
17:04
The workforce.
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์ธ๋ ฅ.
17:05
This is a useful term because it summarizes allย ย 
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17:09
the people working at a specificย  time or for a specific company.
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ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋‚˜ ํŠน์ • ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์šฉ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:15
So you could talk about the workforceย  of a country, which means all the peopleย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ธ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น
17:20
available to work in the country or theย  workforce of a certain company as well.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋˜๋Š” ํŠน์ • ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:26
So you see this a lot inย  economic or business news.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋‚˜ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋‰ด์Šค์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
17:31
So in this case, the workforce represents theย  total number of people who built the pyramids.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ธ๋ ฅ์€ ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:38
The workforce was highly organized.
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์ธ๋ ฅ์€ ๊ณ ๋„๋กœ ์กฐ์งํ™”๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:40
In this case, highly means very, very orย  extremely highly organized and managed toย ย 
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณ ๋„๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ, ๋งค์šฐ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทน๋„๋กœ ๊ณ ๋„๋กœ ์ฒด๊ณ„ํ™”๋˜์–ด
17:47
the highest level by following an organized andย  planned process that consisted of three phases.
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์„ธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:57
And that's the end of our article.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:00
So what I'll do now is I'll readย  the article from start to finish,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฝ๊ณ ,
18:03
and this time you can focus on my pronunciation.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ๋ฐœ์Œ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:06
So let's do that now, how were the pyramids built?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ง€๊ธˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๋‚˜์š”?
18:11
One of history's most ancient and unsolvedย  puzzles is the construction of the pyramids.
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋˜๊ณ  ํ’€๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํผ์ฆ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ ๊ฑด์„ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:18
Again and again, over the course of history,ย ย 
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์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ
18:20
many scholars and scientists asked and wonderedย  the same question of how the pyramids were built.
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๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ž์™€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฑด์„ค๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋™์ผํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:26
The Great Pyramids of Giza and the otherย  pyramids over 100 Egyptian pyramids areย ย 
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๊ธฐ์ž์˜ ๋Œ€ ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ์™€ 100๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๊ฑด์ถ•
18:33
considered the greatest pieces ofย  human engineering and architecture.
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์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
18:38
These monuments are still standing afterย ย 
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์ด ๊ธฐ๋…๋ฌผ์€
18:40
over 4500 years and are stillย  a mystery unsolved to this day.
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4500๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ํ›„์—๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ’€๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฏธ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:47
Some scriptures found from ancientย  Egyptians can help us to understandย ย 
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๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์„ฑ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋…๋ฌผ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:52
a bit better how the constructionย  of such monuments has come about.
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.
18:56
These huge structures of limestone or mudย ย 
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์ด ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ํšŒ์•” ๋˜๋Š” ์ง„ํ™
19:00
brick are the oldest known manย  made structures on our planet.
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๋ฒฝ๋Œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์ธ๊ณต ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:05
The general theory is based on the belief that theย ย 
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ด๋ก ์€
19:08
huge stones were carved from theย  quarries using copper chisels.
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ์ด ์ฑ„์„์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ๊ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฏฟ์Œ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:13
Then these blocks were draggedย  and lifted into position.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ด ๋ธ”๋ก์„ ๋“œ๋ž˜๊ทธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์ž๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด ์˜ฌ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:17
However, the method regarding the movement andย  placement of these stones is under great dispute.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ๋Œ์˜ ์ด๋™๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์น˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํฐ ๋…ผ๋ž€์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:23
The techniques that were used in theย  process of constructing the Egyptianย ย 
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์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€
19:27
pyramids have baffled many historiansย  and scientists for countless years.
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์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์„ ๋‹นํ™ฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ ๊ฑด์„ค๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ
19:33
Many controversial hypothesis were introducedย  regarding the construction of the pyramids.
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๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
19:38
The form of the workforce is also under debate.
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์ธ๋ ฅ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋„ ๋…ผ์˜ ์ค‘์ด๋‹ค.
19:42
One theory suggests that the pyramids wereย  constructed using slave labor and another theoryย ย 
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ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์€ ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋…ธ์˜ˆ ๋…ธ๋™์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑด์„ค๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋ก ์€
19:48
suggests they were built by 10s of thousands ofย  free skilled workers that worked for a salary.
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๊ธ‰์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์ž์œ  ์ˆ™๋ จ ๋…ธ๋™์ž์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฑด์„ค๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:55
What is certain is that the workforceย  was highly organized and managed toย ย 
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ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ 3๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์กฐ์ง์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ณ ๋„๋กœ ์กฐ์งํ™”๋˜๊ณ 
20:00
the highest level by following an organized andย  planned process that consisted of three phases.
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์ตœ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
20:08
So did you like this lesson?
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ ˆ์Šจ์„
20:09
Do you want me to make moreย  lessons just like this?
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๋” ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋“œ๋ฆด๊นŒ์š” ?
20:12
If you do then put more, more more,ย  put more more more in the comments.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด, ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
20:18
And of course make sure you like this video,ย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ์…จ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ,
20:20
share it with your friends and subscribe soย  you're notified every time I post a new lesson.
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์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒŒ์‹œํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:25
And remember, Pace AI is givingย  you a free seven day trial.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Pace AI๊ฐ€ 7์ผ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํŒ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
20:31
I know you'll love using Pace AI andย  it will help you become fluent fast.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด Pace AI๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:36
You can click right here to sign now or youย  can look in the description for the link.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งํฌ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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