Improve Your Fluency by Learning English Through Stories!

27,546 views ใƒป 2023-07-07

JForrest English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Welcome to JForrest English Training. I'mย  Jennifer, and today you're going to learnย ย 
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JForrest English ๊ต์œก์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” Jennifer์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜์€
00:05
English through stories. We're goingย  to review four different news articles,ย ย 
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‰ด์Šค ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •
00:10
and through this review, you're going to learnย  a lot of advanced vocabulary, advanced grammar,ย ย 
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์ด๋ฉฐ ์ด ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์–ดํœ˜, ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•
00:17
and even correct pronunciation. Let'sย  get started. Let me read the headline.
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๋ฐ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž. ์ œ๋ชฉ์„ ์ฝ์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
Canada's population surpasses 40 millionย ย 
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” 4์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ช…์„ ๋„˜์–ด ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:31
surpasses. This means more than another wordย  is exceed. So right now Canada has more thanย ย 
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. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์—๋Š”
00:40
40 million people. Exceed is anotherย  way of saying it. So in this case,ย ย 
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4์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
00:47
because it is in the present simple exceedsย  surpasses. I'll put exceeds with an S.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์ดˆ๊ณผ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ณผ๋ฅผ S๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
Once the population of your country,ย ย 
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๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€
00:57
most likely it's more than 40 million becauseย  Canada has a very small population, so share.
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๋งค์šฐ ์ ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 4์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
01:05
What your country is and itsย  population in the comments,ย ย 
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๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š”
01:10
they will be really interesting. Now I'mย  Canadian if you didn't know. And interestingly,ย ย 
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์ •๋ง ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ €๋Š” ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„
01:16
I had no idea that Canada's population surpassedย  40 million. A student shared the news with me. Soย ย 
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ 4์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ช…์„ ๋„˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์†Œ์‹์„ ์ „ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
01:24
thank you to that student and now I'm reviewingย  the article with everyone. Let's continue on.
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๊ทธ ํ•™์ƒ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
01:31
Statistics Canada has a population clock, soย  this here looks like it is the population clockย ย 
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ํ†ต๊ณ„์ฒญ์—๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ ์‹œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
01:40
which estimates Canada's population inย  real time based on a number of factors.ย ย 
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์š”์ธ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ ์‹œ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
So in real time that means as it'sย  happening so on Saturday at 2:34 PM.
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์ฆ‰, ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ํ† ์š”์ผ ์˜คํ›„ 2์‹œ 34๋ถ„์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
It will have the data for Canada'sย  population and this number is alwaysย ย 
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์ธ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ด ์ˆซ์ž๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ
02:03
increasing or even potentially it couldย  decrease as well. A population can go down,ย ย 
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์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
so that means in real time asย  it's happening, as it's happening.
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์ฆ‰, ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:16
Based on a number of factors, and then they listย  the factors like recent trends for births, that'sย ย 
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์š”์ธ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ถœ์‚ฐ ์ถ”์„ธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์š”์ธ์„ ๋‚˜์—ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
02:26
one factor. Deaths and migration data. Let's talkย  about migration. I have a lot of students who askย ย 
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์š”์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ง ๋ฐ ์ด์ฃผ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ. ์ด์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฏผ๊ณผ ์ด๋ฏผ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌป๋Š” ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๊ณผ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
and native speakers who ask what's the differenceย  between migration and immigration? So first,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋จผ์ €, ์•„๋งˆ ๋” ์นœ์ˆ™ํ•œ
02:40
let's talk about immigration, the termย  you're probably more familiar with.
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์šฉ์–ด์ธ ์ด๋ฏผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค .
02:45
Immigration is the concept of permanentlyย ย 
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์ด๋ฏผ์€ ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ
02:49
moving to a foreign country. Nowย  migration simply means moving.
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์™ธ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋งˆ์ด๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ด๋™์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
So the difference really is the fact thatย  immigration sounds more permanent whereย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ์ด๋ฏผ์ด ๋” ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:03
migration, it could be someone coming toย  Canada to study and they're only goingย ย 
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. ์ด๋ฏผ์ด ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์— ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ์˜ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:08
to stay for their education and then theyย  plan to go back or they're only in Canadaย ย 
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๊ต์œก์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ๊ณ„ํš์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
temporarily and then they plan to go back.ย  So there's less of an emphasis on permanency.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ๊ณ„ํš์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜์†์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
So that's the main difference here,ย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€
03:26
migration data. So it's saying that this total,ย  it represents people who are in the country evenย ย 
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๋งˆ์ด๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์ด๊ณ„๋Š” 1๋…„ ์กธ์—…์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๋ผ๋„ ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
on a temporary reason, for example, studyingย  for a oneyear diploma, they're still counted.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ โ€‹โ€‹๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
In this total, the clock hit 40 millionย  just before 3:00 PM on Friday, June 16th.
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์ด ์ด๊ณ„๋Š” 6์›” 16์ผ ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ ์˜คํ›„ 3์‹œ ์ง์ „์— 4,000๋งŒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
Let's talk about the verb hit. This is one ofย  those verbs that is widely used in English and hasย ย 
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hit ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋ฉฐ
03:56
many different meanings depend on how it's used.ย  Of course, there's the more literal definitionย ย 
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์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ํžˆํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋” ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์˜ ์ •์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:03
of hit, which is this hit. In this context,ย  that's not what it means when you hit something.ย ย 
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. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ํžˆํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋•Œ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
In this case, it means you reach a target.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
And 40 million is the target. So hitย  simply means reach. But when you use it,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  4000๋งŒ์ด ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํžˆํŠธ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋„๋‹ฌ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด
04:25
oh, we hit 40 million, it sounds like more ofย  an accomplishment, whereas reach doesn't haveย ย 
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์•„, 4000๋งŒ ๋ช…์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ์ทจ๊ฐ์ด ๋” ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ๋„๋‹ฌ๋ฒ”์œ„์—๋Š”
04:34
that sense of accomplishment. So for example, inย  a company they might say we hit our sales goal.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์„ฑ์ทจ๊ฐ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํŒ๋งค ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
For this year and it's only July, so it's onlyย  halfway through the year, but they hit their salesย ย 
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์˜ฌํ•ด๋Š” ๊ฒจ์šฐ 7์›”์ด๋‹ˆ ํ•œ ํ•ด์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์•ˆ ๋์ง€๋งŒ ํŒ๋งค
04:54
goal, they reached it, they achieved it. So that'sย  how you can use HIT as well and remember that HIT.
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๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ HIT๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ HIT๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
In the past, form is still hit. Yesterday,ย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์–‘์‹์ด ๋งž์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด์ œ
05:05
we hit our sales goal. I created a free lessonย  PDF that summarizes everything from this lesson,ย ย 
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ํŒ๋งค ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์š”์•ฝํ•œ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๊ฐ•์˜ PDF๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
so you can look in the description for the linkย  to download that. Let's continue. This is anย ย 
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์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
05:21
exciting milestone for Canada. A milestoneย  is an important accomplishment for a person.
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ด์ •ํ‘œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ •ํ‘œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์„ฑ์ทจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
A company, a country, a group, anย  important accomplishments. So for you,ย ย 
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€, ๊ทธ๋ฃน, ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
05:39
you might say graduating from universityย  was a major milestone in my life or having.
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๋Œ€ํ•™ ์กธ์—…์ด ๋‚ด ์ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์ •ํ‘œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
A child getting married, buying my firstย  house. Finding my first job. Notice howย ย 
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๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์ด, ๋‚ด ์ฒซ ์ง‘์„ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ . ๋‚ด ์ฒซ ์ง์žฅ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ.
05:57
I started all of those examples in theย  gerund. Finding my first job, So finding.
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๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ๋‚ด ์ฒซ ์ง์žฅ์„ ์ฐพ์•„์„œ, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ.
06:06
My first job or the love of my life was becauseย  the action has already been completed, was aย ย 
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๋‚ด ์ฒซ ์ง์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‚ด ์ธ์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์ž‘์—…์ด์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
06:15
major. You don't have to say major, you could justย  say milestone was a major milestone in my life.ย ย 
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์ „๊ณต์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๊ณต์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ •ํ‘œ๋Š” ๋‚ด ์ธ์ƒ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์ •ํ‘œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
This is a great sentence for youย  to practice, so why don't you doย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ข‹์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ธ๋ฐ ,
06:26
that right now? What was a major milestone inย  your life? Share that in the comments and put.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฑด ์–ด๋•Œ์š”? ์ธ์ƒ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์ด์ •ํ‘œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜์š” ? ์˜๊ฒฌ์— ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋„ฃ์œผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
06:35
Your verb in the ING in the geron form. Soย  put that in the comments to practice that,ย ย 
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๊ฒŒ๋ก  ํ˜•์‹์˜ ING ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๋ฉด
06:43
and I'm excited to find outย  what your major milestone was.ย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์ด์ •ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
It is a strong signal that Canada remains Aย  dynamic and welcoming country. Dynamic is aย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์—ญ๋™์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ™˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์ด๋‚ด๋ฏน์€
06:56
great adjective to add to your vocabulary, andย  it means having a lot of ideas and enthusiasm.
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์–ดํœ˜์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋งŽ์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์™€ ์—ด์ •์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
So Canada remains A dynamicย  country. So notice we're usingย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ญ๋™์ ์ธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€
07:11
dynamic as an adjective to describe what type ofย  country Canada is. So you could use this for yourย ย 
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์–ด๋–ค ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ธ์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋กœ dynamic์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ
07:18
company, your school, your organization.ย  I work in a dynamic company, for example,ย ย 
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ, ํ•™๊ต, ์กฐ์ง์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ €๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ์—ญ๋™์ ์ธ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ 
07:27
full of potential, said chief statistician.
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์ˆ˜์„ ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์ž๋Š” ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
Anil Aurora in a media statement, let'sย  take a look at this Could be a difficultย ย 
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๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ์„ฑ๋ช…์—์„œ Anil Aurora, ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
word to pronounce. Status Titian.ย  So notice how I connect this. Statusย ย 
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๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋‹จ์–ด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒํƒœ ํ‹ฐ์น˜์•„๋…ธ. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ƒํƒœ
07:48
Titian. Status Titian. Status Titian. Try it.ย  Status Titian Okay. You can practice that.
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ํ‹ฐ์น˜์•„๋…ธ. ์ƒํƒœ ํ‹ฐ์น˜์•„๋…ธ. ์ƒํƒœ ํ‹ฐ์น˜์•„๋…ธ. ์‹œ๋„ ํ•ด๋ด. ์ƒํƒœ Titian ์ข‹์•„์š”. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
Chief Statistician So a statistician is someoneย  who analyzes statistics. And by saying chief itย ย 
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์ˆ˜์„ ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์ž ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์ž๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด
08:04
means they are the the main statistician, theย  most important, the highest rank, the highestย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ์š” ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์ž, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์ˆœ์œ„, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€
08:14
ranking statistician. So I'll put that highest,ย  highest rank Canada's population growth rate.
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์ˆœ์œ„์˜ ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์ž์ž„์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์ˆœ์œ„์ธ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ์„ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
Currently stands at 2.7%. So the growth rate meansย  every year Canada's population increases by 2.7%,ย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ 2.7%์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์€ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งค๋…„ 2.7% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ
08:34
which is the highest annual growth rateย  since 1957 when Canada was experiencingย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€
08:43
its post war baby boom. Now this you mayย  be familiar with the term baby boomers.
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์ „ํ›„ ๋ฒ ์ด๋น„ ๋ถ์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ 1957๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋ฒ ์ด๋น„๋ถ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
Baby boomers, This describes a generationย  and it's the generation that was born rightย ย 
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๋ฒ ์ด๋น„ ๋ถ ์„ธ๋Œ€,
09:01
after the war and that generation is my parentsย  generation. So generally people in their 60s,ย ย 
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์ „์Ÿ ์งํ›„์— ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ 60๋Œ€,
09:10
seventies, 60s and 70s I believeย  would be considered baby boomers.
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70๋Œ€, 60๋Œ€, 70๋Œ€๋Š” ๋ฒ ์ด๋น„ ๋ถ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€
09:16
And I'm not sure if this is happening inย  your country, but in Canada right now,ย ย 
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์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์—์„œ๋Š”
09:21
all the baby boomers are retiring. This massiveย  amount of people are exiting the workforce rightย ย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฒ ์ด๋น„ ๋ถ ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์€ํ‡ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ง์žฅ์„ ๋– ๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:31
now. So it's a very interesting timeย  in the economy. Baby boomers, is thatย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ฒ ์ด๋น„ ๋ถ ์„ธ๋Œ€, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
09:39
a term that you're familiar with in yourย  country? Is there a large population that?
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์นœ์ˆ™ํ•œ ์šฉ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ? ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:45
Resulted after the war. Share that in theย  comments as well. I'd be interested to knowย ย 
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์ „์Ÿ ํ›„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ. ๋Œ“๊ธ€์—๋„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š” . ์ €๋Š”
09:50
Canada's population reached 30 million inย  1997 and could reach 50 million as earlyย ย 
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ 1997๋…„์— 3์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ช…์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ €๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ ์ถ”์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์†๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๋ฅด๋ฉด 2043๋…„์— 5์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ช…์— ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:59
as 2043 if the current trend continues.ย  Canada's population reached 30 million.
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. ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” 3์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ช…์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
Now remember we could say hit 30 million becauseย  generally numbers that end in zero or five areย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ 0 ๋˜๋Š” 5๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€
10:15
considered the major accomplishments, theย  milestones. So we could use our other verb,ย ย 
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์ฃผ์š” ์„ฑ๊ณผ, ์ด์ •ํ‘œ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 3์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ช…์„ ๋ŒํŒŒํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
we learned hit. And remember this is the pastย  form as well. So although we have reached withย ย 
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hit๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—๋“œ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
10:29
an Ed is just hit, Canada's population reachย  30 million which was an important milestone.
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” 3์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ช…์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์ •ํ‘œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
In 1997 and could reach 50 million as earlyย  as 2043. Now notice here they used the modalย ย 
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1997๋…„์—๋Š” ์ด๋ฅด๋ฉด 2043๋…„์— 5์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ช…์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด
10:47
could could reach. First of all, remember thatย  after a modal verb you only use the base form, soย ย 
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๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‹ฌ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์šฐ์„ , ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ ๋’ค์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ˜•์‹๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
10:55
modal plus base. So no to reach could to reach noย  modal plus base always. And this is because it's.
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์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์„ ๋”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Œ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ชจ๋‹ฌ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:06
A potential. The possibility exists,ย  but that doesn't mean it actually willย ย 
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์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ. ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ์กด์žฌ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:12
happen. So the potential is there, but it's notย  guaranteeing anything. Potential. So this is ifย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ.
11:21
you understand how this is used. We use thisย  a lot to say something like I could help you,ย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ง์„ ' ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋„์™€์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด', '
11:27
I could help you move this weekend, so I'm saying.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ๋ง์— ์ด์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋„์™€์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ง์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:33
The potential is there. My scheduleย  is open. I'm available, butย ย 
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์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ์ผ์ •์ด ์—ด๋ ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
11:39
I'm not going to. Now, this isn't aย  very nice thing to say to someone,ย ย 
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๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์ข‹์€ ๋ง์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
11:44
but we use this as a little bit of a joke.ย  Oh, I could help you, but I'm not going to.ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋†๋‹ด์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋„์™€์ค„ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์•ˆ ํ• ๊ฒŒ์š”.
11:50
Just kidding. Of course. I'll help you move thisย  weekend, so that's a fun way you if you know the.
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๋†๋‹ด์ด์•ผ. ๋ฌผ๋ก . ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ๋ง์— ์ด์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋„์™€๋“œ๋ฆด ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ ์•Œ์•„๋‘์‹œ๋ฉด ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:58
How to properly use could You can make aย  little joke like this. You probably don'tย ย 
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์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋†๋‹ด์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์€
12:03
want to say that to your boss, though.ย  I'll leave that to your discretion.ย ย 
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์ƒ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ์— ๋งก๊ธฐ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
As early as they're saying, 2043 is theย  earliest time that this could happen.
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์ด๋ฅด๋ฉด 2043๋…„์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
But it could also happen later, so they're usingย  as early as just to state the earliest time,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ช…์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด as early as๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:26
not that other times aren't possible. Forย  example, if you're planning a wedding,ย ย 
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์‹,
12:32
a party, or even a conference, youย  could say guess will arrive as early.
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ํŒŒํ‹ฐ ๋˜๋Š” ํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ„ํš ์ค‘์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์ถ”์ธก์ด ์ผ์ฐ ๋„์ฐฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜คํ›„
12:41
As 3:00 o'clock PM. So this doesn't mean thatย  every guest will arrive at 3:00. This is justย ย 
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3์‹œ. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒŒ์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ 3์‹œ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
12:50
the earliest time they'll arrive. Of course,ย  it's possible for them to arrive at 3:34 o'clockย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  3์‹œ 34๋ถ„์—
12:57
even 5:00 o'clock if they're extremely late,ย  but this is the earliest time, as early as.
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5์‹œ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋Šฆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:05
So for deadlines, you can use this. You mightย  say I can get you the report as early asย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋งˆ๊ฐ์ผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์˜ค์ „ 9์‹œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:15
9:00 AM. Or you could put Saturday. If so, whyย  would you submit a report on Saturday, Tuesday?ย ย 
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. ๋˜๋Š” ํ† ์š”์ผ์„ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ† , ํ™”์š”์ผ์— ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
13:21
Now you're letting your boss know or yourย  coworker know. This is the earliest time,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅด์ง€
13:26
but it may be later thanย  that. OK, let's continue on.
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๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋Šฆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ข‹์•„, ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์ž.
13:32
Last year Canada's population increasedย  by a record of 1.05 million people. Youย ย 
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์ž‘๋…„ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” 105๋งŒ ๋ช… ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:41
could put 1.051.05. Both of those forย  pronouncing it are fine 00001.05 millionย ย 
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1.051.05๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ 00001.05 ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:52
people. And I haven't mentioned this,ย  but remember that we don't put an S.
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ S๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”
13:57
On million, I hear students sayย  this a lot. Oh, there are 1,000,000ย ย 
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. ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์•„,
14:03
in my country. No, you don't say that.ย  It's 1,000,000. But what do you noticeย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—๋Š” 1,000,000์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1,000,000์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ ธ๋‚˜์š”
14:11
about this? A lot of students forget thatย  people is plural. It's an irregular plural,ย ย 
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? ๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์žŠ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•
14:18
so there's no S on it. But it is pluralย  because what's the singular of people? Person.
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์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ S๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ people์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ์‚ฌ๋žŒ.
14:25
One person to people. So the S is on theย  noun, not the number. That's why we sayย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ S๋Š” ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
14:38
I made $3 billion last year Chiching.ย  So here you put it on the noun dollars.ย ย 
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์ž‘๋…„์— Chiching์œผ๋กœ 30์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฒŒ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:49
Or you could say I made 3,000,000ย  posters. That's a lot of posters.
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๋˜๋Š” 3,000,000๊ฐœ์˜ ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:55
So you put the *** on the noun. Youย  don't put an *** on here. 303,003ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ***๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ***๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. 303,003
15:03
million, 3 billion singular posters. Plural.ย ย 
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๋ฐฑ๋งŒ, 30์–ต ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ์ผ ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ. ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•.
15:08
Statistics Canada reported that 96% of thatย  increase was due to international migration.
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ํ†ต๊ณ„์ฒญ์€ ๊ทธ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์˜ 96%๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ์ œ ์ด์ฃผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:16
So notice how here they put in bracketsย  permanent and temporary. It would have beenย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์˜๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์ž„์‹œ ๊ด„ํ˜ธ ์•ˆ์— ๋„ฃ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ๋งˆ์ด๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ• 
15:23
useful if they put that at the very top whenย  we are talking about migration. So you knew,ย ย 
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๋•Œ ๋งจ ์œ„์— ๋‘์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์œ ์šฉํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ
15:29
but if you understand the word migration,ย  you know that it means both permanent andย ย 
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๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๋งˆ์ด๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:36
temporary. Because remember, that'sย  how I explained the difference to you.
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. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
15:40
So just moving, so I'll add thatย  moving permanently or temporarilyย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ด์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ฃผ ๋ฐ ์ด๋ฏผ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:46
for migration and immigration, it impliesย  permanent you want to stay in that countryย ย 
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. ์ด๋Š” ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋จธ๋ฌผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:52
permanently. Let's get back to it.ย  In 2022, Canada welcomed 437,000.
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. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์ž. 2022๋…„ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š” 437,000๋ช…์„ ๋งž์ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:01
OK, 430 cent. When I see three zeros,ย  I know that the number before is 1437.ย ย 
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 430์„ผํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ 0์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์•ž์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€ 1437์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:10
You don't have to say 437, it's notย  necessary 437,180. And remember, the Sย ย 
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437์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†๊ณ  437,180์ผ ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, S๋Š”
16:21
goes on the noun immigrants into the country,ย  reflecting Canada's high immigration targets.
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ๋†’์€ ์ด๋ฏผ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:29
Now, because this is a target, remember, whenย  you're talking about reaching or achieving that,ย ย 
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์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋„๋‹ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ
16:36
you can use the verb hit. We hitย  our target. We hit our target,ย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ hit๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:42
which means you reached or achieved thatย  target. Immigration is one of the main way.ย ย 
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์ฆ‰, ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ชฉํ‘œ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๋ฏผ์€ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:51
Immigration is one of the main way, the country.
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์ด๋ฏผ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:55
Does that sound weird to you? Immigrationย  is one of the main way the country deals.ย ย 
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์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋‚˜์š”? ์ด๋ฏผ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:02
Something's wrong with this. There's aย  typo or a minor grammar mistake. Becauseย ย 
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๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜คํƒ€๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:08
this has to say way, it's not optionalย  right now. This article has a typo,ย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ์€ ์„ ํƒ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์—๋Š” ์˜คํƒ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:15
which means there's a grammar mistakeย  in the article. It has to be Ways okay.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์— ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . Ways๋Š” ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:23
Now this sometimes confuses students. Becauseย  you have one of. When you have one of,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ฃน
17:30
it means you're selecting one from aย  group. So the noun that comes next hasย ย 
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์—์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š”
17:37
to be plural because one of. OK,ย  here's an easy example. One of.ย ย 
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณต์ˆ˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์‰ฌ์šด ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜.
17:45
So my noun has to be plural. Flavors.ย  Flavors. One of my favorite flavors.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚ด ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง›. ๋ง›. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง› ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜.
17:53
Of ice cream is, we use is because is, matches, 11ย  is, and then you provide one option. So I wouldn'tย ย 
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์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ is, is because is, matches, 11 is๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์˜ต์…˜์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š”
18:04
list two or three flavors. I only list one mintย  chocolate chip. What is one of your favoriteย ย 
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๋‘์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ง›์„ ๋‚˜์—ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏผํŠธ ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ ์นฉ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ๋‚˜์—ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š”
18:12
flavors of ice cream? So this implies I haveย  other favorite flavors and I'm just sharing one.
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์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ ๋ง›์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ง›์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ๊ณต์œ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:20
So share that in the comments. What isย  one of your favorite flavors of ice creamย ย 
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์˜๊ฒฌ์— ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ ๋ง› ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜
18:26
and practices? And make sure you get that. S andย  I'll cross this out so you know it was a mistake.ย ย 
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์™€ ์—ฐ์Šต์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. S์™€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์˜€์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ค„์„ ๊ทธ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:34
Immigration is one of the main ways the countryย  deals with its demographic challenges. Canadaย ย 
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์ด๋ฏผ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ตฌ ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š”
18:41
has an aging population. Remember I sharedย  that the baby boomers, they're all becoming.
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๊ณ ๋ นํ™” ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ ์ด๋น„ ๋ถ ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ณต์œ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
18:48
6070, they're exiting the workforce. They'reย  aging, becoming older. So that's aging,ย ย 
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6070, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์ข…๋ฃŒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋…ธํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋…ธํ™”,
18:56
becoming older, becoming older.ย  Now technically we're all aging,ย ย 
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๋Š™์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ๋Š™์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋…ธํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:03
we're all becoming older. Canada has an agingย  population and the natural birth rate is not highย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋Š™์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์ž์—ฐ ์ถœ์ƒ๋ฅ ์ด
19:11
enough to grow the population itself. By havingย  natural birth rate, they mean the birth rate of.
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์ธ๊ตฌ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋งŒํผ ๋†’์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์—ฐ ์ถœ์ƒ๋ฅ ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ถœ์ƒ๋ฅ ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:17
Canadians of people in Canada,ย ย 
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Canadians of people in Canada, ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๊ณผ
19:20
and they included that because it relates toย  the next sentence. As a result, Canada needsย ย 
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๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํฌํ•จํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์—๋Š” ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:27
immigrants. We need people from other countries,ย  maybe you, to come to Canada permanently to helpย ย 
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. ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค
19:35
maintain and grow the country's workforce.ย  Because remember I said the baby boomers areย ย 
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์˜ ์ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ฑ์žฅ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์— ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ ์ด๋น„ ๋ถ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋Š”
19:41
exiting the workforce because they're allย  60-70 years old. They're ready to retire.
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๋ชจ๋‘ 60-70์„ธ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง์žฅ์„ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค . ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์€ํ‡ดํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:46
So again, if you haven't shared in the comments,ย  I would be very interested to know if this is aย ย 
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
19:51
situation that your country is dealing with asย  well. Immigration accounts for almost 100% ofย ย 
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๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๋ฏผ์€ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ๋…ธ๋™๋ ฅ ์„ฑ์žฅ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ 100%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:58
Canada's labor force growth. Wow, 100% almost.ย  That's quite a staggering statistic. Accordingย ย 
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. ์™€, ๊ฑฐ์˜ 100%. ์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ผ์šด ํ†ต๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:07
to Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada.ย  This is just the name of a government department.
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์ด๋ฏผ, ๋‚œ๋ฏผ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ถŒ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ถ€์ฒ˜์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:12
By 2023, immigrants are projected to be about 30%ย  of Canada's population, so projected. This meansย ย 
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2023๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋Š” ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ์•ฝ 30%๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ฆ‰,
20:23
calculated based on information alreadyย  known. So you could say estimated,ย ย 
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์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ถ”์ •์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜
20:30
but when you say estimated, it sounds more ofย  a guess because when you estimate something,ย ย 
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ถ”์ •์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ถ”์ธก์— ๊ฐ€๊น์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•  ๋•Œ
20:37
you don't actually have the information.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:40
But when you project something, it's more basedย  on looking at the information and then making aย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์‚ฌํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ 
20:47
prediction based on that information. So itย  sounds more accurate to me than estimated.ย ย 
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๊ทธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋” ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:56
Immigrants are projected to beย  about 30% of Canada's population.ย ย 
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์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋Š” ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ์•ฝ 30%๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:02
Now, one other thing I noticed aboutย  the article is that they said by 2023.
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์ด์ œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฐ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด 2023๋…„๊นŒ์ง€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:10
This seems odd to me. Does it seem odd toย  you or do you know why? It seems odd to me.ย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๋‚˜์š”? ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.
21:17
This is a new article. Thisย  article is from June 2023,ย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธ€์€ 2023๋…„ 6์›” ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์ธ๋ฐ
21:26
but if you say by 2023 you're saying 2023 isย  the deadline, but 2023 starts January 1st.
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2023๋…„๊นŒ์ง€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด 2023๋…„์ด ๋งˆ๊ฐ์ผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ธ๋ฐ 2023๋…„์€ 1์›” 1์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:37
And we are in June, which is already severalย  months, but they're saying it is projected toย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ์ด ์ง€๋‚œ 6์›”์— ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
21:48
happen by a deadline that's technically inย  the past. So that to me doesn't make sense.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ธฐํ•œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง์ด๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:54
I wonder if 2023 is a typo and maybe theyย  meant to say 2025 or a date in the futureย ย 
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2023์ด ์˜คํƒ€์ธ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ๋„ 2025๋…„์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋‚ ์งœ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:04
because we can't use by with a timeline in theย  past and when this article was written in Juneย ย 
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํƒ€์ž„๋ผ์ธ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ  ์ด ๊ธ€์ด 2023๋…„ 6์›”์— ์ž‘์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š”
22:13
2023 this was already in the past. Anotherย  way to correct this mistake is to say by.
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์ด๋ฏธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ by๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:22
The end of 2023, because now the deadlineย  is December 2023, which is in the future,ย ย 
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2023๋…„ ๋ง์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋งˆ๊ฐ์ผ์ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ธ 2023๋…„ 12์›”์ด์ง€๋งŒ
22:30
but by 2023 means January 2023, whichย  is currently in the past. And it doesย ย 
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2023๋…„์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ธ 2023๋…„ 1์›”์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž‘๋ณ„
22:39
not make sense to me to say bye andย  a past date. If you're talking aboutย ย 
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์ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ฐ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋ง์ด ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š” . ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
22:45
a future projection. Again, theย  final way is you could say bye.
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. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ž‘๋ณ„ ์ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:51
2025 and have a date in the future. Soย  that's how I would correct this as well.ย ย 
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2025๋…„์ด๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋‚ ์งœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:00
And that's the end of the article.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:04
And what I'll do now is I'll go to the top andย  I'll read the article from start to finish andย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ์ƒ๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฝ๊ณ 
23:09
this time you can focus on my pronunciation.ย  Canada's population surpasses 40 million.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ๋‚ด ๋ฐœ์Œ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” 4์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ช…์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:18
Statistics Canada has a population clock whichย  estimates Canada's population in real time basedย ย 
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ํ†ต๊ณ„์ฒญ์—๋Š” ์ถœ์ƒ ์‚ฌ๋ง ๋ฐ ์ด๋ฏผ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ถ”์„ธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์š”์ธ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ ์‹œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
23:26
on a number of factors like recent trends forย  birth deaths and immigration data. The clock hitย ย 
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. ์‹œ๊ณ„๋Š”
23:34
40 million just before 3:00 PM on Friday, Juneย  16th. This is an exciting milestone for Canada.
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6์›” 16์ผ ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ ์˜คํ›„ 3์‹œ ์ง์ „์— 4์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ช…์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์— ์žˆ์–ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ด์ •ํ‘œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์„ ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์ž์ธ ์•„๋‹ ์˜ค๋กœ๋ผ(Anil Aurora)๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ์„ฑ๋ช…์—์„œ
23:44
It is a strong signal that Canada remains Aย  dynamic and welcoming country full of potential,ย ย 
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ์—ญ๋™์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ™˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ผ๊ณ 
23:52
said Chief Statistician Anil Aurora inย  a media statement. Canada's populationย ย 
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๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ
23:59
growth rate currently stands at 2.7%, whichย  is the highest annual growth rate since 1957,ย ย 
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์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ 2.7%๋กœ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ›„ ๋ฒ ์ด๋น„ ๋ถ์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ 1957๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
24:08
when Canada was experiencingย  its post war baby boom.
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. ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ํ†ต๊ณ„์ฒญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
24:13
Canada's population reached 30 millionย  in 1997 and could reach 50 millionย ย 
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” 1997๋…„์— 3์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ช…์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ €๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ ์ถ”์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์†๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๋ฅด๋ฉด 2043๋…„์— 5์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ช…์— ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
24:19
as early as 2043 if the current trendsย  continue, according to Statistics Canada.
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.
24:27
Last year, Canada's population increased byย  a record of 1.05 million people. Statisticsย ย 
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์ž‘๋…„์— ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” 105๋งŒ ๋ช… ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ†ต๊ณ„
24:34
Canada reported that 96% of that increase wasย  due to international permanent and temporaryย ย 
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์˜ 96%๊ฐ€ 2022๋…„์— ๊ตญ์ œ ์˜๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์ž„์‹œ
24:41
migration in 2022. Canada welcomes 437,180ย  immigrants into the country, reflecting Canada's.
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์ด์ฃผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” 437,180 ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋ฅผ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:52
High immigration targets Immigration is one of theย  main ways the country deals with its demographicย ย 
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๋†’์€ ์ด๋ฏผ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ด๋ฏผ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ตฌ ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
24:58
challenges. Canada has an aging population, andย  the natural birth rate is not high enough to growย ย 
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. ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ นํ™” ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ž์—ฐ์ถœ์‚ฐ์œจ์ด ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋งŒํผ ๋†’์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
25:05
the population itself. As a result, Canadaย  needs immigrants to help maintain and growย ย 
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. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋…ธ๋™๋ ฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ฑ์žฅ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
25:12
the country's workforce. Immigration accountsย  for almost 100% of Canada's labor force growth.
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. ์ด๋ฏผ์€ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ๋…ธ๋™๋ ฅ ์„ฑ์žฅ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ 100%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค
25:19
According to Immigration, Refugees and Citizenshipย  Canada, by 2023 immigrants are projected to beย ย 
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์ด๋ฏผ, ๋‚œ๋ฏผ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ถŒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด 2023๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋Š”
25:28
about 30% of Canada's population. Amazing jobย  with that article. Now feel free to hit pause,ย ย 
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ์•ฝ 30%๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ผ์‹œ์ค‘์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ ,
25:37
take a break, go get a cup of coffee orย  tea, review the vocabulary you just learned,ย ย 
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ํœด์‹์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ , ์ปคํ”ผ๋‚˜ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ , ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋ฐฐ์šด ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณต์Šตํ•˜๊ณ ,
25:43
and when you're ready, hit play andย  we'll continue on with the next article.
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์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ณ , ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:49
Can you guess where this is,ย  Which country this might be?ย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์ธ์ง€ ์ถ”์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์ด๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋Š ๋‚˜๋ผ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
25:55
Well, this is India, and it looks prettyย  crowded, doesn't it? And that's what we'reย ย 
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์Œ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ธ๋„์ด๊ณ  ๊ฝค ๋ถ๋น„์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”? ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ
26:00
talking about in this article, because Chinaย  is now the most populous country in the world.ย ย 
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์ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:06
And we know that because of our headline.ย  Let me read the headline India overtakesย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๋„๊ฐ€
26:11
China as most populous country. First,ย  let's talk about our verb here, Overtake.
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์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ์ œ์น˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ผ๋Š” ์ œ๋ชฉ์„ ์ฝ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ ์ถ”์›”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
26:18
Let me share the definition. This verb simplyย  means to go past something past in the senseย ย 
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์ •์˜๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ
26:27
of exceed, and you do that by being aย  greater amount, so quantity or degree.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘, ์ฆ‰ ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰ ๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:36
We use this a lot with statisticsย  or reporting on numbers, facts,ย ย 
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ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆซ์ž, ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ˆ˜์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด๊ณ ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
26:43
figures. You'll hear this aย  lot about sales. For example,ย ย 
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. ํŒ๋งค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
26:48
U.S. sales have overtaken European sales, soย  sales in the US compared to sales in Europe.ย ย 
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํŒ๋งค๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ํŒ๋งค๋ฅผ ์ถ”์›”ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํŒ๋งค๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ํŒ๋งค์™€ ๋น„๊ต๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:58
Now, I could also use our sentenceย  structure here. Notice the preposition as.
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ as๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
27:04
I could say the US has overtaken Europeย  as the leader in sales. So this is theย ย 
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์„ ์ œ์น˜๊ณ  ํŒ๋งค ์„ ๋‘๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
27:17
title that has been achieved, the leaderย  in sales and the title goes to the US.
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๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•œ ํƒ€์ดํ‹€์ด๊ณ , ํŒ๋งค์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ํƒ€์ดํ‹€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:24
And it also suggests thatย  previously Europe was the leader,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ „์—๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ด ์„ ๋‘์˜€์ง€๋งŒ
27:32
but now if you're imagining they're in aย  competition or a race, Europe was ahead,ย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์ฃผ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ด ์•ž์„œ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
27:37
but now the US has overtaken Europe. So itย  does suggest that element of competitionย ย 
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์„ ์ถ”์›”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
27:46
between the two as well, because previously,ย  before this, China was the most populous.
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์ด์ „์—๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‘˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ์š”์†Œ๋„ ์•”์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
27:53
And India was a close second, but now Indiaย  has overtaken. So that's the go past part,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธ๋„๊ฐ€ ์•„์Šฌ์•„์Šฌํ•œ 2์œ„์˜€์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ์ธ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์›”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
28:03
which is an important part of thisย  definition. So I'll just underlineย ย 
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์ด ์ •์˜์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ฐ‘์ค„์„ ๊ธ‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
28:09
that. Let's continue on. India has overtakenย  China as the world's most populous nation,ย ย 
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. ๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋ธ”๋ฃธ๋ฒ„๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ธ๋„๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ์ œ์น˜๊ณ  ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
28:16
according to Bloomberg, referringย  to the World Population Review.
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.
28:21
All right, so we've already discussedย  overtaken and I did use the same verb tenseย ย 
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์ž, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ overtaken์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ™์€ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ์ธ
28:29
have overtaken because it was plural. They theyย  have noticed. Now it's has because it's India,ย ย 
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have overtaken์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ธ๋„์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
28:37
which is conjugated as it singular.ย  It has. And the reason why this is inย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
28:44
the present perfect is because it's a past action.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์ธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋™์ž‘์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:50
So the action is complete. It's a completedย  past action, but there's a result in the presentย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ž‘์—…์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ž‘์—…์ด์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜
28:59
past action with a result in the present.ย  What's the result in the present now, China?
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ž‘์—…์— ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š”?
29:08
Is the second most populous country, andย  India is the most populous country. That'sย ย 
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ด๊ณ  ์ธ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
29:16
the result in the present, and that's whyย  the verb tense is in the present perfect.ย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์ธ ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:23
Let's continue on. By the end of 2022,ย  India's population was 1.417 billion people.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. 2022๋…„ ๋ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์ธ๋„์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” 14์–ต 1,700๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:33
So if you have numbers after the decimal point,ย  you can simply see them as the individual numbersย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์  ๋’ค์— ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ˆซ์ž 1.417๋กœ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
29:41
1.417. You don't have to say 1.417, thatย  doesn't sound right. So say the numbersย ย 
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. 1.417์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ
29:53
as individual numbers. I'll just write thisย  out for you. Say the numbers as individual.
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๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ˆซ์ž๋กœ ๋งํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋Œ€์‹  ์ž‘์„ฑํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
30:03
Numbers after the decimal pointย  and the decimal point is. Thisย ย 
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์†Œ์ˆ˜์  ๋’ค์˜ ์ˆซ์ž ์™€ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์ ์€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
30:10
is the same thing as a period. But whenย  we're referring to numbers specifically,ย ย 
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๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”
30:15
we don't call it a period, we call it a decimalย  point. And that's why when I say it out loud,ย ย 
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๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ
30:22
I don't say one period 417, youย  don't say that, you say one point.
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๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ 417์„ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ํ•œ ์ ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:28
417, so let me just write that. So you understand,ย  you say 1.417, that is how you verbalize thisย ย 
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417, ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์“ฐ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1.417์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด
30:43
number, 5,000,000 more than China. So we couldย  also say using our overtake, India has overtaken.
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์ค‘๊ตญ๋ณด๋‹ค 5,000,000 ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ด ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ง๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ถ”์›”์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์›”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:59
China by 5 million people. The people is optionalย ย 
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์ค‘๊ตญ 500๋งŒ๋ช…. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์„ ํƒ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:07
because in this context we know we're talkingย  about population. So you don't have to sayย ย 
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์ด ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
31:13
people if it's obvious, but if you if you'reย  ever not sure, just add in the reference point.ย ย 
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์ฐธ์กฐ ์ง€์ ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:22
India has overtaken China by 5ย  million people, so remember it's.
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์ธ๋„๋Š” 500๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ์ถ”์›”ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
31:29
India has gone past or exceeded China and then youย  can have buy. If you're talking about a specificย ย 
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์ธ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„ฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠน์ • ์ˆซ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
31:40
number, you could also do a percentage. I don'tย  know what the percentage is, so I'll just sayย ย 
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๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
31:45
0.7%. You could also have buy and then a percent,ย  zero point. Remember that point, 7% percent.ย ย 
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0.7%๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๋งค ํ›„ ํผ์„ผํŠธ, 0์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . 7% ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
31:57
Let's continue on.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
32:01
On January 17th, I want you to notice myย  pronunciation because even though it isn'tย ย 
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1์›” 17์ผ์—,
32:08
written as the little t H, you know when you seeย  the date and it gives you the little t H 17th.ย ย 
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์ž‘์€ t H๋กœ ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚ ์งœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ž‘์€ t H 17์ผ์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ œ ๋ฐœ์Œ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:17
Notice what my mouth is doing? My tongueย  comes between my teeth and I push out 17th.
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๋‚ด ์ž…์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„์ฑ„์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ๋‚ด ํ˜€๊ฐ€ ์ด ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์™€์„œ 17๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:29
17th That's the pronunciation practice thatย  I know. It's a difficult sound for a lotย ย 
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17์ผ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ๋ฐœ์Œ์—ฐ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
32:35
of students, but that is how we say the datesย  out loud. On January 17th, Chinese authoritiesย ย 
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๋‚ ์งœ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด์–ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . 1์›” 17์ผ, ์ค‘๊ตญ ๋‹น๊ตญ์€
32:44
announced that for the first time since the 1960s,ย  the country's population will decrease by 850,000.
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1960๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ 850,000๋ช… ๊ฐ์†Œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:58
So let's just talk about this number here.ย  We're going to see some big numbers in theย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ด ์ˆซ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต์˜ ํฐ ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
33:04
billions. Now when you have 3 zeros,ย  it's 1003 zeros, that represents 1850.
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. ์ด์ œ 0์ด 3๊ฐœ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด 1850์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” 1003๊ฐœ์˜ 0์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:18
A lot of native speakers will say 850.ย  You do not need to say. And sometimesย ย 
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๋งŽ์€ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด 850์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋”
33:28
I say it as well, but it is not necessary. It'sย ย 
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์ €๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ผญ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:36
850,000. And notice it's not 850. Thousandsย  plural. No, 850,000. Okay, singular.
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850,000์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 850์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Thousands ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ, 850,000. ์ข‹์•„, ๋‹จ์ˆ˜. ์ค‘๊ตญ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํ†ต๊ณ„๊ตญ์—
33:48
In 2022, compared to the previous year, accordingย  to the State Statistics department of China,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด 2022๋…„์—๋Š” ์ „๋…„ ๋Œ€๋น„
33:57
1.141 billion people live in the country.ย  Now. Remember I said the number is singular,ย ย 
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11์–ต 4,100๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋‚˜
34:06
Right? The number is singular, butย  whatever the number represents is plural.
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? ์ˆซ์ž๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:16
Now people does not have an S because people isย  the plural form of person is an irregular pluralย ย 
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์ด์ œ people์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™
34:28
form. So we have one person, two people. So peopleย  is the plural. Now if it were something like.
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๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— S๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ people์€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋ฉด.
34:40
Dollars you need to add the S on dollars. 1.141ย ย 
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๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— S๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1.141 10
34:46
billion is singular and then theย  whatever the number represents,ย ย 
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์–ต์€ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ด๊ณ  ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋“ 
34:52
in this case money dollars. That's where you addย  the S but it could be for example 1.41 billion.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ™”ํ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— S๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด 14์–ต 1์ฒœ๋งŒ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:03
Tshirts. Why not tshirts? So you put the S onย  tshirts. Or it could be 1.141 billion cats,ย ย 
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ํ‹ฐ์…”์ธ . ํ‹ฐ์…”์ธ ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ‹ฐ์…”์ธ ์— S๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋˜๋Š” 11์–ต 4,100๋งŒ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„
35:14
and then you put the S on cats. So that'sย  why billion is singular. But then whateverย ย 
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์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ณ ์–‘์ด์— S๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ billion์ด ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ธ ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์—‡์„
35:22
it represents is plural. Let's continueย  on according to World Population Review.
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๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋“  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. World Population Review์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:32
As of January 18th, 18th, so even though inย  the spelling it is not there, I'm going toย ย 
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1์›” 18์ผ, 18์ผ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ฒ ์ž์—๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
35:42
pronounce that T H as of January 18th, India'sย  population reached 1.423 billion. Anotherย ย 
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T H๋Š” 1์›” 18์ผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๋„์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ 14์–ต 2300๋งŒ ๋ช…์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
35:53
research organization, Macro Trends claimsย  that India is home to 1.428 billion people.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ธ Macro Trends๋Š” ์ธ๋„์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ 14์–ต 2800๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:03
So there's a slight difference in numberย  between these two research organizations,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋‘ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:09
but it's such a small difference, I'mย  surprised they even mentioned it. It'sย ย 
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์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ด ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ž‘์•„์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰๊นŒ์ง€ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:14
basically the same number,ย  right? Let's continue on.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆซ์ž์ฃ  ? ๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
36:20
China and India are the only two countriesย  with populations over 1 billion, One billionย ย 
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์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ธ๋„๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ 10์–ต์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ด๋ฉฐ, 10์–ต์€
36:28
singular. Again, if you wanted to, you couldย  add people, which is plural, 1 billion peopleย ย 
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๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์›ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์€ 10์–ต ๋ช…
36:37
over. Another word could beย  with populations more than.
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์ด์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์€ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:41
More than or exceeding would be another word,ย  but we can't use our overtake because remember,ย ย 
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์ด์ƒ ๋˜๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ถ”์›”์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:50
overtake is only used when we're talkingย  about competition between two or moreย ย 
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์ถ”์›”์€ ๋‘˜ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ
36:57
and then one goes past one exceeds. So I'mย  specifying this because I did say exceed here,ย ย 
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ดˆ๊ณผ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ 
37:06
but overtake is specifically ifย  there's some sort of competition.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ถ”์›”์€ ํŠนํžˆ ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:10
And in this case, there is no competition,ย  they're just stating a fact of the populationย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ ํŠน์ • ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
37:16
of specific countries. the US Censusย  Bureau's World Population Clock listsย ย 
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. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ธ๊ตฌ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ตญ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ ์‹œ๊ณ„์—๋Š”
37:25
another 12 countries with populations exceeding.ย  So notice here they use exceeding rather than withย ย 
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์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๊ณผ๋œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ 12๊ฐœ๊ตญ์ด ๋‚˜์—ด๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์–ด๋ณด๋‹ค with
37:33
populations over or populations more than theirย  synonyms. You can choose whichever you'd like.
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Population over ๋˜๋Š” Population more ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ดˆ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:39
Exceed probably sounds the most formal. Iย  would say exceeding 100 million. So let's see,ย ย 
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Exceed๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ˜•์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1์–ต์„ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž,
37:48
is your country on the list? the US,ย  Indonesia, Pakistan, Nigeria, Brazil,ย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„, ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„, ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„, ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ,
37:56
Bangladesh, Russia, Mexico, Japan,ย  Ethiopia, the Philippines and Egypt.
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๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ, ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„, ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”, ์ผ๋ณธ, ์—ํ‹ฐ์˜คํ”ผ์•„, ํ•„๋ฆฌํ•€, ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ
38:03
My country, Canada, is not on the list. We have aย  very small population. I actually don't know whatย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ์ธ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ์ธ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฐ”๋กœ
38:11
the population is, so I'm going to Google itย  right now. So I just googled it. Any guessesย ย 
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Google์— ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ตฌ๊ธ€๋ง ํ•ด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:18
on the population of Canada? Canada'sย  population? Canada's population is 38.25.
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์ธ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”์ธก์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š”? ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” 38.25๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:32
Million Very small, right? Considering it'sย  a huge country but very small population. Soย ย 
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๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์ฃ ? ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์ง€๋งŒ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
38:41
what's the population of your country? Feel freeย  to share in the comments below. Let's continue on.
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๋‹น์‹  ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
38:51
OK, here's where we're getting to some really bigย  numbers. If this intimidates you, don't worry,ย ย 
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ •๋ง ํฐ ์ˆซ์ž์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ฒ์ด ๋‚˜๋”๋ผ๋„
38:59
because it intimidates native speakers. I'mย  sure if you saw a big number in your country,ย ย 
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์›์–ด๋ฏผ์„ ๊ฒ๋จน๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ํฐ ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
39:05
you'd probably stop for a second too. So Iย  will explain how to know what this number isย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ๋„ ์•„๋งˆ ์ž ์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ถœ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€
39:15
the projected world population on January 1st.
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1์›” 1์ผ์— ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•„๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:19
OK, here we have a difference becauseย  with one you need St. first first.ย ย 
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € St.๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:33
The difference between the other one is my tongueย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๋‚ด ํ˜€๊ฐ€
39:36
is not going between my teeth. Notice 1stย  1st January, 1st January, 1st January 5th.
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์น˜์•„ ์‚ฌ์ด๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์ง€ 1์›” 1์ผ, 1์›” 1์ผ, 1์›” 1์ผ 5์ผ.
39:49
January 5th, that's with five fifth. Letย  me write that January 5th and then we haveย ย 
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1์›” 5์ผ์€ 5๋ถ„์˜ 5์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1์›” 5์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์“ฐ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด
40:04
January 2nd and you just added sound and 2nd andย  then we have one final choice which is third.
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1์›” 2์ผ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šด๋“œ์™€ 2์ผ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:20
These are pretty easy because you just basicallyย  added D sound on the end. This one you need thatย ย 
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋์— D ์‚ฌ์šด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งค์šฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ
40:28
and then this one you need. So practice those. Iย  will say them one more time for you. January 1st,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋” ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1์›” 1์ผ, 1
40:40
January 2nd, January 3rd, Januaryย  5th, so you can practice that.
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์›” 2์ผ, 1์›” 3์ผ, 1์›” 5์ผ, ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก.
40:49
The projected. When something is projected, itย  means you're guessing or you're estimating whatย ย 
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์˜ˆ์ƒ. ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
40:58
the number will be based on data or information.ย  So you don't know 100% that this is what theย ย 
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋‚˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ถ”์ธกํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ 100% ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
41:09
number will be. Is the projected number. Soย  the definition projected This is an estimate.
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. ์˜ˆ์ƒ ์ˆซ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์ •์˜๋Š” ์ถ”์ •์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:18
And the estimate is calculated based on knownย  information. And notice how specific they areย ย 
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์ถ”์ •์น˜๋Š” ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ƒ ์ˆ˜์น˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”
41:26
with the projected number. That's prettyย  specific. So we'll see if that's correct.ย ย 
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. ๊ฝค ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋งž๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:33
We actually know what the world population isย  at the time this video was recorded. So you canย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ๋…นํ™”๋œ ๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
41:38
go see if this was true or not. OK, so now I'llย  read this number. So first of all, what is this?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ธ์ง€ ์•„๋‹Œ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ฝ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์šฐ์„ , ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
41:47
Well, I will. I know by how many groups ofย  three there are. OK. So if there are one,ย ย 
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”. 3๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ง€ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ข‹์•„์š”. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
42:00
2-3 groups of three, then I know this is billionย  and then this is million, OK, billion million.
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3๊ฐœ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ 2~3๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด 10์–ต์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ, ์ข‹์•„์š”, 10์–ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:17
And then this is 1000 thousandย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 1000,000์ด๋ฉฐ
42:24
and I'm just going to focus on one group.ย  That's how you make this long number veryย ย 
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ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ๊ธด ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ
42:31
easy to read or understand. You just look atย  the individual groupings, so 7,942,000,000.
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์ฝ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋งŒ ๋ณด๋ฉด 7,942,000,000์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:45
645,086 and the final group, you don't sayย  anything after it, it's just 86. Remember Iย ย 
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645,086 ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๊ทธ๋ฃน, ๊ทธ ๋’ค์— ์•„๋ฌด ๋ง๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ 86์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
42:57
said we don't need to say and so I don'tย  say 942 million, it's just 942,645,086.
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๋งํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ 9์–ต 4,200๋งŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ 942,645,086์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:14
So you can practice, write out some random longย  numbers and practice reading them out loud. Thatย ย 
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์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ž„์˜์˜ ๊ธด ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด์–ด ์ฝ๋Š” ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:21
will be helpful. Now let's take a look at our nextย  big number. So I can tell I have three groups, soย ย 
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๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ํฐ ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
43:29
I know I have million and then thousand. And thenย  remember the final one is nothing, 73 million.
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๋ฐฑ๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฒœ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์€ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹Œ 7,300๋งŒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
43:41
772,634, so that's the amount of the increase.ย  And remember that's the world population,ย ย 
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772,634์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ธˆ์•ก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
43:54
but this is just projected, which it means it'sย  an estimate and as a percentage that's 0.94%ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ถ”์ •์น˜์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ์€ 0.94%
44:04
and this is calculated from New Year's Day 2022.
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์ด๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” 2022๋…„ ์ƒˆํ•ด ์ฒซ๋‚ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2020๋…„
44:09
During January 2020, three 4.3 bursts and 2.0ย  deaths are expected worldwide every second.ย ย 
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1์›” ๋™์•ˆ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค๋…„ ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ.
44:22
So here's another example where theย  whatever you're calculating is plural.ย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ธ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
44:30
So we have bursts. That's why it hasn'tย  us, because there's more than one, right?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฒ„์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
44:35
And deaths. If it was just one, we wouldn'tย  have the plural. And you would say one death,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฃฝ์Œ. ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ,
44:44
one death. There was one deathย ย 
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋‹ฌ์— ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
44:49
this month, for example. There were two deathsย  at that us this month. So practice the numbersย ย 
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. ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋‹ฌ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๊ฑด์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ˆซ์ž
44:59
and the plurals. I hear lots of mistakes fromย  students with both of those and they're expected.
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์™€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:05
You could also use projected because it'sย  just an estimate based on known information,ย ย 
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์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ถ”์ •์น˜์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:12
so you could say that as wellย  worldwide, every second, every second.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋งค์ดˆ, ๋งค์ดˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:19
So that's our article. You learned a lot ofย  big numbers, a lot of data and statistics. Iย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ํฐ ์ˆซ์ž, ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:28
hope you found it interesting. Now what I'll doย  is I'll read the article from start to finishย ย 
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์› ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฝ๊ณ 
45:34
and you can follow along with my pronunciation.ย  India overtakes China as most populous country.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‚ด ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ์ œ์น˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:42
India has overtaken China as the world'sย  most populous nation. According to Bloomberg,ย ย 
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์ธ๋„๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ์ œ์น˜๊ณ  ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Bloomberg์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
45:49
referring to the World Population Review,ย ย 
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World Population Review๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜๋ฉด
45:52
by the end of 2022, India's population wasย  1.417 billion people, 5,000,000 more than China.ย ย 
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2022๋…„ ๋ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์ธ๋„์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” 14์–ต 1700๋งŒ ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘๊ตญ๋ณด๋‹ค 500๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:04
On January 17th, Chinese authorities announcedย  that for the first time since the 1960s.
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1์›” 17์ผ ์ค‘๊ตญ ๋‹น๊ตญ์€ 1960๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ตญ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํ†ต๊ณ„๊ตญ์—
46:11
The country's population will decrease by 850,000ย  in 2022 compared to the previous year, accordingย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด 2022๋…„์—๋Š” ์ „๋…„๋„์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ 850,000๋ช… ๊ฐ์†Œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
46:22
to the State Statistics Department of China. 1.141ย  billion people live in the country. According toย ย 
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. 11 ์–ต 4,100๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:32
World Population Review, as of January 18th,ย  India's population reach 1.423 billion.
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World Population Review์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด 1์›” 18์ผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๋„์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” 14์–ต 2300๋งŒ ๋ช…์— ์ด๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:41
Another research organization, Macro Trends,ย  claims that India's home to 1.4 to 8 billionย ย 
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ธ Macro Trends๋Š” ์ธ๋„์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ 14์–ต์—์„œ 80์–ต 10์–ต์ด ๋„˜๋Š”
46:48
people, China and India are the only two countriesย  with populations over 1 billion. the US Censusย ย 
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ธ๋„๋ฟ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ธ๊ตฌ
46:58
Bureau's World Population Clock lists another 12ย  countries with populations exceeding 100 million.
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์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ตญ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ ์‹œ๊ณ„์—๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ 1์–ต ๋ช…์„ ๋„˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ 12๊ฐœ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์—ด๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:06
The US, Indonesia, Pakistan, Nigeria, Brazil,ย  Bangladesh, Russia, Mexico, Japan, Ethiopia,ย ย 
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„, ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„, ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„, ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ, ๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ, ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„, ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”, ์ผ๋ณธ, ์—ํ‹ฐ์˜คํ”ผ์•„,
47:15
the Philippines and Egypt. The projected worldย  population on January 1st, 2023 is 7,942,647,086.
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ํ•„๋ฆฌํ•€, ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ 2023๋…„ 1์›” 1์ผ์— ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” 7,942,647,086๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2020๋…„
47:30
An increase of 73,772,634 or 0.94%ย  from New Year's Day 2022 during Januaryย ย 
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1์›” 2022๋…„ ์„ค๋‚ ๋ณด๋‹ค 73,772,634๋ช… ๋˜๋Š” 0.94% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ 1์ดˆ๋งˆ๋‹ค
47:46
2020. Three 4.3 births and 2.0 deathsย  are expected worldwide every second.
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3๋ช…์˜ 4.3๋ช…์˜ ์ถœ์ƒ๊ณผ 2.0๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:53
Amazing job with that article. Nowย  feel free to hit pause, take a break,ย ย 
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ. ์ด์ œ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ผ์‹œ์ค‘์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ , ํœด์‹์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ€์„œ
48:00
go get a cup of coffee or tea. Review theย  vocabulary you just learned and when you're ready,ย ย 
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์ปคํ”ผ๋‚˜ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ์„ธ์š”. ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋ฐฐ์šด ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณต์Šตํ•˜๊ณ  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด
48:06
hit play and we'll continue on with theย  next article. Let me read the headlineย ย 
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์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์†๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ
48:13
Canada US sign deal to better coordinateย  Fight against wildfires, Wildfires.
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์„œ๋ช… ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋” ์ž˜ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ๊ณผ์˜ ์‹ธ์›€, ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์„ ์ฝ์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:22
Let's take a look here atย  this preposition against.ย ย 
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์ด ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:26
Just take note that you fight against something.ย  In this case, wildfires is a noun. You can alsoย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์™€ ์‹ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ
48:34
have a verb after against, and because againstย  is a preposition, that verb would be in the geronย ย 
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against ๋’ค์— ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. against๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” geron
48:41
form, the ING form, for example, fight againstย  paying taxes. Let's say you want to fight against.
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ํ˜•์‹, ING ํ˜•์‹์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์‹ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ • ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
48:50
Paying taxes. Not again against paying taxes.ย  So here you have the ING the Jaron verb.ย ย 
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์„ธ๊ธˆ ๋‚ฉ๋ถ€. ๋‹ค์‹œ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ธˆ ๋‚ฉ๋ถ€์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— Jaron ๋™์‚ฌ ING๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:02
Let's continue. Natural Resources Ministerย  Jonathan Wilkinson and David Cohen,ย ย 
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๋‚˜๋‹จ ์œŒํ‚จ์Šจ(Jonathan Wilkinson) ์ฒœ์—ฐ์ž์›๋ถ€ ์žฅ๊ด€ ๊ณผ ๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ ์ฝ”ํ—จ(David Cohen)
49:09
the US ambassador to Canada, signedย  a memorandum of understanding.
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์ฃผ์žฌ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์–‘ํ•ด๊ฐ์„œ์— ์„œ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
49:15
A Memorandum of understanding. As you can see,ย  this is a very long word. We often use an acronym,ย ย 
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์–‘ํ•ด ๊ฐ์„œ. ๋ณด์‹œ ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธด ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. MOU&MOU๋ผ๋Š” ์•ฝ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
49:27
MOU&MOU, so you'll see thisย  a lot in news articles,ย ย 
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๋‰ด์Šค ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ,
49:31
but especially in businessย  related news, even on a website.
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ํŠนํžˆ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๊ด€๋ จ ๋‰ด์Šค, ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:38
An MOU, we have an MOUA Memorandumย  of understanding. An MOU is simply anย ย 
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MOU, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” MOUA ์–‘ํ•ด ๊ฐ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . MOU๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์–‘ํ•ด ๊ฐ์„œ์— ์„œ๋ช…ํ•œ ํŠน์ • ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
49:46
arrangement or a deal between twoย  parties to do something specificย ย 
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๋‘ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
49:54
signed a memorandum of understanding. Soย  they agreed to the terms of this arrangementย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชฉ์š”์ผ์— ์ด ์•ฝ์ •์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋™์˜ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
50:01
Thursday and this is the terms ofย  the arrangement to improve cross.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํฌ๋กœ์Šค ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์•ฝ์ •์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:07
Border cooperation on wildfires. The cross-borderย  represents that Canada and the US are divided byย ย 
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์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ. ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ ๊ฐ„์€ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์™€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
50:16
a border. So the cross-border is offeringย  support. So Canada will offer support toย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ ๊ฐ„ ์ง€์›์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ์ง€์›์„ ์ œ๊ณต
50:24
the US and the US will offer supportย  to Canada. That's the cross-border.ย ย 
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์— ์ง€์›์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:29
So let me write that for you. cross-border,ย  This represents the fact that Canada and.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์“ฐ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ ๊ฐ„, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์™€
50:36
The US share a border cooperation on wildfires,ย  while the two countries have worked together onย ย 
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋‘ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š”
50:48
an ad hoc basis for decades. First of all,ย  you should always be looking at your timeย ย 
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ž„์‹œ๋กœ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ ,
50:55
references in a sentence to understand what verbย  tense you need. So here we have 4 decades. What?
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์–ด๋–ค ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 4์‹ญ๋…„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์—‡?
51:05
Verb tense is needed. This should be easyย  because the verb tense is right there,ย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‰ฌ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:11
The present perfect. The present perfectย  because Canada and the US started workingย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ. ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์€ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์™€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
51:18
together in the past and they still workย  together now. So the present perfect forย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
51:25
an action that started in the past andย  continues until now. Present perfect.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ. ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ.
51:30
And we know that we need the present perfectย  because of our keyword for decades. So thisย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
51:39
is our keyword for the present perfectย  keyword. So we can say time reference.ย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:48
Now if this were something different, suchย  as last year, what would my verb tends be?
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž‘๋…„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋‚ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
51:58
Last year is a completed past action so I wouldย  change this to the past simple. For exampleย ย 
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์ž‘๋…„์€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ž‘์—…์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
52:07
the two countries worked together last year or ifย  my keyword was next year what would you say nowย ย 
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์ž‘๋…„์— ๋‘ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚ด ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋…„์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
52:21
the two countries will work?
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๋‘ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
52:23
Together next year. So always look atย  your time reference to determine yourย ย 
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๋‚ด๋…„์— ํ•จ๊ป˜. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ 
52:29
verb tense and ask yourself if you have theย  correct verb tense. Let's continue. First,ย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค . ๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €,
52:36
before we continue, let's take a look atย  ad hoc basis. What does ad hoc basis mean?ย ย 
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๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ž„์‹œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ad hoc based์€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
52:44
First of all, the expression is allย  of this on an ad hoc ad hoc basis.
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์šฐ์„ , ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ์ž„์‹œ๋ฐฉํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:53
This means as it happens, as it happens. So thereย  is no agreement previously determined. They decideย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๋•Œ, ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด์ „์— ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
53:02
how to work together as it happens. I'll give youย  an example. Let me just write this as it happens.ย ย 
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”๋Œ€๋กœ ์“ฐ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:13
For example, you could say I.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด I๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:17
Decide where to travel to on an ad hoc basis.ย  Remember, on an ad hoc basis, all of thatย ย 
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์ž„์‹œ๋กœ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•  ๊ณณ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž„์‹œ๋กœ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”
53:26
together. I decide where to travel to on an ad hocย  basis, which means when I need to travel, let'sย ย 
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. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž„์‹œ๋กœ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•  ๊ณณ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ฆ‰, ์—ฌํ–‰์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋•Œ, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
53:33
say once every three months, I just decide at thatย  moment. As it happens, I don't decide in advance.
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3๊ฐœ์›”์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์”ฉ ๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ณต๊ต๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
53:43
Or you could say we solve problems on an adย  hoc basis, which means as the problem happens,ย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” ์ž„์‹œ๋ฐฉํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ฆ‰, ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ
53:51
you decide how you're going to solve it.ย  You don't necessarily have a process.
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:56
That you decided on in advance to solve thatย  problem. So that is how the two countriesย ย 
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๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‘ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€
54:03
worked in the past and continue to work nowย  because of our present perfect. But it soundsย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ž‘๋™ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋ฉฐ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜• ๋•๋ถ„์— ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ๊ณ„์† ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
54:08
like this memorandum of understanding willย  specify how the countries will work together,ย ย 
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์ด ์–‘ํ•ด๊ฐ์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ช…์‹œํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:15
which means they will no longer beย  working on an ad hoc basis because they,ย ย 
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์ฆ‰, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ฆ‰ํฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
54:21
the Memorandum of understanding, willย  tell them how they will work together.
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.
54:26
While the two countries have worked togetherย  on an ad hoc basis for decades, the New Deal,ย ย 
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๋‘ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•ด ์™”์ง€๋งŒ
54:33
which is the memorandum of understandingย  the MOU, let me write that the MOUย ย 
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MOU๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์„œ์ธ ๋‰ด๋”œ์€ MOU๊ฐ€
54:41
formalizes that cooperation andย  makes it easier for US firefighters.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต์‹ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์†Œ๋ฐฉ๊ด€์„ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:46
To pitch in when Canada needs them to quell aย  fire. To quell a fire simply means to stop a fire,ย ย 
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ํ™”์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„์••ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด . ํ™”์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„์••ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ํ™”์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
54:54
as is happening. So right now they'reย  trying to quell the fire. It's a veryย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ™”์žฌ ์ง„์••์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์šฐ
54:59
specific term. You won't need that in yourย  everyday speech, but based on the context,ย ย 
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๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์šฉ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์—ฐ์„ค์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
55:05
it should be obvious because what doย  you do with the fire? You stop it.
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ค‘์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:11
Let's take a look at pitch in US firefightersย  to pitch in. When you pitch in, it means youย ย 
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์†Œ๋ฐฉ๊ด€์˜ ํˆฌ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํˆฌ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
55:18
contribute. You can contribute your time, yourย  resources. You could also contribute your money.ย ย 
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๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ž์›์„ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ˆ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:28
For example, everyone pitched, pitched in,ย  and bought Fred a present for his retirement.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํˆฌ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํˆฌ๊ตฌ ํ•˜๊ณ  Fred์˜ ์€ํ‡ด ์„ ๋ฌผ์„ ์ƒ€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:41
So this suggests that everyone on the teamย  gave money, maybe $5.10 dollars $20 and thenย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํŒ€์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด $5.10 ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ $20 ์ •๋„์˜ ๋ˆ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ
55:52
all that money went towards one present. Soย  that is financially. You can also pitch in,ย ย 
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๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ˆ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์„ ๋ฌผ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฌ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ
56:01
in terms of your time. Everyone pitchedย  in and let me write a new example here.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ”ผ์น˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:09
Everyone pitched in and cleaned the apartment. Soย  here is not necessarily that people gave money,ย ย 
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด์™€ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฒญ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๋ˆ์„ ์ค€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
56:22
but they gave their time, theyย  gave their effort, they gave their.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐ”์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:27
Hard work. Everyone pitched in and cleaned theย  impart the apartment, so everyone contributedย ย 
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ํž˜๋“  ์ผ. ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฒญ์†Œํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€
56:34
towards a specific objective. So in this caseย  the specific objective is clean the apartment.ย ย 
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ํŠน์ • ๋ชฉํ‘œ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ์ฒญ์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:41
In this case it's to buy a present. So pitchย  in is to contribute, contribute to somethingย ย 
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์„ ๋ฌผ์„ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ”ผ์น˜ ์ธ์€ ํŠน์ • ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:49
specific and it can be money, it can beย  time, it can be other resources as well.
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๋ˆ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:57
So in this case, it will make itย  easier for US firefighters to pitch in.ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์†Œ๋ฐฉ๊ด€์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์‰ฌ์›Œ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:03
So maybe they will give money, butย  most likely they'll give their theirย ย 
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ˆ์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
57:08
skills they'll give themselvesย  to to help Quell stop the fires.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ Quell์ด ํ™”์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„์••ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:16
And vice versa. Vice versa is when you want to sayย  the opposite is true. So US firefighters pitch inย ย 
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๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€. ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์†Œ๋ฐฉ๊ด€์€
57:24
when Canada needs them, but also Canada pitchesย  in when the US needs support. So vice versa,ย ย 
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์ง€์›์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:33
I'll help you and you'll help me vice versa.ย  So here the opposite is also true, vice versa.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„์™€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ €๋ฅผ ๋„์™€๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:41
Now, I summarize all of these notes in a freeย  lesson PDF, so you can look in the descriptionย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฐธ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๊ฐ•์˜ PDF๋กœ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ
57:48
to download the free PDF. Let's continue as partย  of the deal the MOU. There's now a new frameworkย ย 
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ PDF๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. MOU ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋กœ ๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด์ œ ์–‘๊ตญ ๊ฐ„์— ์†Œ๋ฐฉ ์ž์›์ด ๊ตํ™˜๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
57:57
that stipulates how firefighting resourcesย  will be exchanged between the two countries.
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.
58:06
Stipulates This is another word forย  outline or determine. So the frameworkย ย 
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๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐœ์š” ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ๋Š”
58:14
determines how the resources will beย  exchanged. It outlines, it stipulates.ย ย 
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๋ฆฌ์†Œ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ตํ™˜๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทœ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:20
Basically it says it says outlinesย  determines how the resources willย ย 
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์š”๋Š” ์ž์›์ด ๊ตํ™˜๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
58:29
be exchanged, so how Canada will pitch inย  when the US needs support and vice versa.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์ง€์›์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ž…ํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:35
All right, let's continue. The deal isย  designed to cut through the red tape. Oh,ย ย 
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์ข‹์•„, ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์ž. ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋Š” ๊ด€๋ฃŒ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์—†์• ๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„,
58:46
what is red tape? You are very familiarย  with red tape. Red tape represents.
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๊ด€๋ฃŒ์ฃผ์˜๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ด€๋ฃŒ์ฃผ์˜์— ๋งค์šฐ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ํ…Œ์ดํ”„๋Š” ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:53
Official rules or processes, but thatย  seem unnecessary. So when you have toย ย 
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๊ณต์‹ ๊ทœ์น™์ด๋‚˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
59:01
do something simple like change your addressย  and you have to fill out seven different formsย ย 
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์ฃผ์†Œ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  7๊ฐœ์˜ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–‘์‹์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ
59:09
and mail them to seven different people,ย  doesn't that seem a little unnecessary?
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7๋ช…์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์šฐํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?
59:16
So you can say, oh, there's so much redย  tape, red tape. We usually use this whenย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ด€๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด€๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ๋•Œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
59:23
dealing with the government, but you canย  also use this for a large organization.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์กฐ์ง์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:29
Or any organization, but generally largeย  organizations like Google, IBM, They willย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์กฐ์ง์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ Google, IBM๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์กฐ์ง์€
59:37
have a lot of red tape as well because they are soย  large, they have so many different processes thatย ย 
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๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ณ  ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•  ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ด€๋ฃŒ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:44
you need to follow, but many of them might seemย  seem unnecessary. So let me write that for you.ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•ด ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์“ฐ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:52
And to cut through the redย  tape means to try to reduce it.
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๊ด€๋ฃŒ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ด€๋ฃŒ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:58
So this deal is to try to make these processesย  work better, more efficient, more effective,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋” ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๊ณ , ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๋„๋ก
60:09
and bring together the agencies on bothย  sides of the border. Remember that otherย ย 
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ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ ์–‘์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋ชจ์œผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
60:15
expression was cross-border,ย  so you could use that as anย ย 
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ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋„˜๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜
60:19
adjective and say and bring together theย  cross-border agencies, the cross-border.
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์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ดˆ์›”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€, ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋„˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:29
Agencies now of course in Canada'sย  case is Canada and the US But USย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์™€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ
60:37
also shares a border with Mexico,ย  so it could be the US and Mexicoย ย 
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๋„ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์™€ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๋Š”
60:42
could be cross-border. So whateverย  country that you border with would beย ย 
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๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋„˜์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ ‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š”
60:49
the cross-border agency or country that haveย  had a hand in fighting these destructive fires.
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๊ตญ๊ฒฝ ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŒŒ๊ดด์ ์ธ ํ™”์žฌ ์ง„์••์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:57
To have a hand in something or doingย  something is an idiom and it means simplyย ย 
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To have a hand in something ๋˜๋Š” doing something์€ ๊ด€์šฉ๊ตฌ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ
61:08
to be involved with something or have influenceย  on something. And notice in is a preposition,ย ย 
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ํ•œํ•œ ์ผ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  note in์€ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
61:16
so the verb will be a gerund verb ING. But you canย  also use a noun, so you might say who had a hand.
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๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ING๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ who had a hand๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:27
In the party in Fred's retirement party,ย  remember Fred? We all pitched in to buyย ย 
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ํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œ์˜ ์€ํ‡ด ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์—์„œ ํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋‚˜? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ์„ ๋ฌผ์„ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
61:35
him a present. Who had a hand in the party whoย  had Because remember to have our verb is have.ย ย 
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. Who had a hand in the party who have ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
61:45
So this is have in the past. Simple. Who hadย  a hand, A hand in the party in Fred's party?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ. ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์†์„ ์žก์•˜๋‚˜์š”? Fred์˜ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์—์„œ ์†์„ ์žก์•˜๋‚˜์š”?
61:55
And then I could say, oh, I had a hand inย  planning Fred's party. So this simply meansย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” Fred์˜ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ผ์กฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ
62:03
you're involved in it, or do you influence itย  in some way? So maybe you were responsible forย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋“  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์€
62:09
deciding what present to buy Fred so youย  had a hand in the party. Let's continue.
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Fred๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์ค„ ์„ ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
62:20
The deal also calls for betterย  information sharing so that bothย ย 
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์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์–‘๊ตญ์ด ํ†ต์ œ ๋ถˆ๋Šฅ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํ™”์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„์••ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์ •๋ณด ๊ณต์œ ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
62:25
countries can stop a fire quell a fireย  before it spirals out of control. Whenย ย 
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.
62:32
something spirals out of control,ย  it simply loses control quickly.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ†ต์ œ ๋ถˆ๋Šฅ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ†ต์ œ๋ ฅ์„ ์žƒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:39
And it implies that it's difficult to bring itย  back under control. So to lose control quickly,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ†ต์ œ๋ ฅ์„ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ƒ์‹คํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
62:52
lose control quickly. You can use thisย  in workplace situations because let'sย ย 
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์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ†ต์ œ๋ ฅ์„ ์ƒ์‹คํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
63:00
say you're having a meeting and you'reย  negotiating something during this meeting.
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ํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ด ํšŒ์˜ ์ค‘์— ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ˜‘์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง์žฅ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:05
You could say our negotiations spiraled outย  of control, which means you lost control ofย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜‘์ƒ์ด ํ†ต์ œ ๋ถˆ๋Šฅ ์ƒํƒœ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ €๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ํ˜‘์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต์ œ๋ ฅ์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
63:13
the negotiations. So maybe you wantedย  to offer a certain amount and then.
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํŠน์ • ๊ธˆ์•ก์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
63:22
Now everyone is talking about an amount thatย  is a lot higher than you wanted to offer.ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธˆ์•ก์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:30
So your control over that negotiation,ย  over the amount that you wanted to pay,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ํ˜‘์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต์ œ๊ถŒ, ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ์•ก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
63:36
you lost control over that, andย  you lost control quickly. So itย ย 
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ํ†ต์ œ๊ถŒ์„ ์ƒ์‹คํ–ˆ๊ณ , ํ†ต์ œ๋ ฅ์„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์‹คํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
63:42
spiraled out of control. For example,ย  our negotiations spiraled out of control.
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ํ†ต์ œ ๋ถˆ๋Šฅ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํ˜‘์ƒ์ด ๊ฑท์žก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:49
Are you enjoying this lesson? If so, I want toย  tell you about the Finally Fluent Academy. Thisย ย 
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด Finally Fluent Academy์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์˜์–ด ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
63:55
is my premium training program where we studyย  native English speakers on TV, movies, YouTubeย ย 
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TV, ์˜ํ™”, YouTube ๋ฐ ๋‰ด์Šค์—์„œ ์˜์–ด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ์—„ ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
64:02
and the news so you can improve your listeningย  skills of fast English. Add all these naturalย ย 
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. ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ 
64:08
and advanced expressions to your speech andย  learn how to communicate your ideas fluently andย ย 
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๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์—ฐ์„ค์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
64:13
naturally. Plus, you'll have me as your personalย  coach you can look in the description for.
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. ๋˜ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ฝ”์น˜๋กœ ์ €๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
64:19
A link on how to join. Now let's continueย  with our lesson. For example, Canada willย ย 
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๊ฐ€์ž… ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งํฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š”
64:27
now have easy access to sophisticated USย  satellite data that can identify fires.ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ํ™”์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๊ตํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์œ„์„ฑ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์•ก์„ธ์Šคํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
64:36
The deal comes as Canada grapples withย  a record-breaking wildfire season.
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์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋Š” ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ ์ธ ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ ์‹œ์ฆŒ๊ณผ ์”จ๋ฆ„ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
64:44
To grapple with is another way of sayingย  to deal with, to deal with, and we use thisย ย 
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To grapple with๋Š” ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค, ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ฉฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
64:52
with something negative. You grappleย  with a problem, an issue to grapple with.
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. ๋ฌธ์ œ, ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ์”จ๋ฆ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
65:00
So you might say we're grappling withย  the negotiations, we're dealing with theย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜‘์ƒ๊ณผ ์”จ๋ฆ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
65:08
negotiations. And because I already explained thatย  the negotiations have spiraled out of control,ย ย 
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ํ˜‘์ƒ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜‘์ƒ์ด ๊ฑท์žก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ด๋ฏธ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
65:14
you know that there's something negativeย  there. We're grappling with the negotiations.
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜‘์ƒ๊ณผ ์”จ๋ฆ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
65:22
The US has already deployed moreย  than 1500 firefighters. Deployย ย 
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ 1,500๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์†Œ๋ฐฉ๊ด€์„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐํฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ•œ ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ„์น˜๋กœ
65:30
is a verb to mean when you moveย  either people or resources fromย ย 
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์ด๋™ํ•  ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
65:37
one location to another in orderย  to support that other location.
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.
65:42
So here you can deploy the firefighters becauseย  they're people. You can also deploy resources,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์†Œ๋ฐฉ๊ด€์„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•˜๊ณ 
65:50
deploy support, deploy food, deploy aid. Soย  to deploy you move from one place to another.ย ย 
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์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์Œ์‹์„ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์›์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ํ•œ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
65:58
It can be within a country as well, so Texasย  deployed resources to California for example,ย ย 
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ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด์— ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์— ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐํฌํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
66:07
but we commonly see this when 1ย  country deploys it to another.
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ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•  ๋•Œ ํ”ํžˆ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:13
The US has already deployed moreย  than 1500 firefighters to Canadaย ย 
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ๋‹น๊ตญ์„ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด๋ฏธ 1,500๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์†Œ๋ฐฉ๊ด€์„ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
66:19
to help local authorities. Canada has receivedย  support from other countries like Australia,ย ย 
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. ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š” ํ˜ธ์ฃผ, ์น ๋ ˆ, ๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
66:26
Chile and South Africa. Thank you to thoseย  countries. We appreciate the support.
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. ๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ง€์›ํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:33
Here, Canada's receiving the support. But youย  could say Australia deployed support to Canada.ย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์— ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐฐํฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:40
Chile deployed support to Canada. Just like here,ย  the US deployed these resources, the firefightersย ย 
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์น ๋ ˆ๋Š” ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์— ์ง€์›์„ ์ „๊ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž์›์ธ ์†Œ๋ฐฉ๊ด€์„
66:49
to Canada. Canadian firefighters have helped outย  the neighbors in years past, the neighbors being.
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์†Œ๋ฐฉ๊ด€๋“ค์€ ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด์›ƒ์„ ๋„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:59
The US, they're our neighbors to the South andย  where their neighbors to the north here helpย ย 
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๋‚จ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ด์›ƒ์ด๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ถ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ด์›ƒ์ด ๋„์›€์„
67:08
out. This is an optional phrasal verb. Noticeย  here is a phrasal verb because you have theย ย 
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์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ ํƒ์  ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š”
67:14
verb help and you have the prepositionย  out. You don't need out. It's optional.ย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ ๋„์›€๋ง์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ ํƒ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:20
You can simply say Canadian firefightersย  have helped the neighbors in years past.
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์†Œ๋ฐฉ๊ด€์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด์›ƒ์„ ๋„์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:27
Have helped. It's simply optional. Can you helpย  me out? Can you help me? There's no differenceย ย 
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๋„์™”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์„ ํƒ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋ฅผ ๋„์™€์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š” ? ๋„์™€์ฃผ์„ธ์š”? ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
67:34
there. Can you help me out? Can you help me? Butย  if you do use the phrasal verb, make sure youย ย 
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. ์ €๋ฅผ ๋„์™€์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๋„์™€์ฃผ์„ธ์š”? ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
67:45
know the correct placement, because you can'tย  say Can you help out me? Can you help out me?
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Can you help out me?๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ €๋ฅผ ๋„์™€์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
67:51
That's incorrect because the pronoun needsย  to come between help and out. Can you helpย ย 
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help์™€ out ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์™€์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋Š” ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋ฅผ ๋„์™€์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”
67:58
me out? Can you help me? So if you'reย  not too sure about sentence structure,ย ย 
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? ๋„์™€์ฃผ์„ธ์š”? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ™•์‹ ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์  ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ
68:02
just use the verb form so you don't make anyย  grammatical mistakes. In 2020, for example,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด 2020๋…„์—๋Š”
68:10
Canadian firefighters were deployed to theย  northwestern US. So remember, Canada sends.
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์†Œ๋ฐฉ๊ด€์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ถ์„œ๋ถ€์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:18
The firefighters and the US receivesย  the firefighters because we usedย ย 
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์†Œ๋ฐฉ๊ด€๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€
68:23
the verb deploy deploy during aย  particularly ugly wildfire season.ย ย 
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ํŠนํžˆ ์ถ”์•…ํ•œ ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ ์‹œ์ฆŒ์— ์ „๊ฐœ ์ „๊ฐœ๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์†Œ๋ฐฉ๊ด€์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:32
This is the kind of thing that Canada and the USย  can do together. We will always have your back,ย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์™€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:40
Cohen said. And remember, Cohen is theย  ambassador to Canada, so he is an American.
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Cohen์€ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Cohen์€ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:48
And the ambassador, the US ambassadorย  to Canada. So Cohen is saying we,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€์‚ฌ, ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์ฃผ์žฌ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ Cohen์€
68:55
the United States, will always have yourย  Canada's back. So let me write that becauseย ย 
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ง€์ง€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜
69:01
I want to explain this expression to have one'sย  back so the US will always have Canada's back.
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๋“ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์“ฐ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
69:11
So the expression is to have one's back. Andย  that's why I changed it to the US and Canada,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟจ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:20
because I wanted you to see this possessive,ย  to have one's back. It's possessive. This isย ย 
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์ด ์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์†Œ์œ ์š•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:27
the expression to have one's back. And thisย  simply is used to say, to support. So if I say.
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๋“ฑ์„ ๋Œ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด.
69:33
I have your back. I have yourย  back. I'm saying I am there toย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋„์™€์ค„๊ฒŒ. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋“  ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
69:39
support you in whatever way youย  need that support. Don't worry,ย ย 
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. ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
69:44
I have your back. I have your back. So that's aย  very nice thing for the US to say. We will always,ย ย 
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„์™€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
69:52
I like this, always have your back. Soย  thank you to the US for having our back.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ค์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ง€ํ•ด ์ค€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
70:00
So you could say that thank you for so let's sayย  someone says don't worry I have your back you canย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š” ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ 
70:06
say thank you for having my back or in this caseย  because it was we and your I could say thank youย ย 
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๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค
70:15
for having our back and our representing allย  of Canada. So our my back thank you for is.
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์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
70:28
A gerund expression because for is a preposition,ย ย 
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for๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
70:32
so you need the ING. Thank you for having myย  back. Don't worry, I always have your backย ย 
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ING๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„์™€์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์˜์–ด ์‹ค๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„์™€๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
70:39
when it comes to improving your English. So youย  can say thank you Jennifer, for having my back,ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ง™๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
70:47
my back. And then you could say thank you forย  having my back when it comes to teaching me.
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ €๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
70:57
English because remember it's support, butย  you can offer it for something specific whenย ย 
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์˜์–ด๋Š” ์ง€์›์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
71:03
it comes to when it comes to teachingย  me English. So you can put that in theย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฉด ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
71:09
comments if you want to thank me forย  always having your back. And that isย ย 
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. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
71:15
the end of our article. So what I'll doย  now is I will read the article from startย ย 
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๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฝ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
71:21
to finish and this time you can focus onย  my pronunciation. So I'll do that now.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ์ œ ๋ฐœ์Œ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
71:26
Canada US sign deal to betterย  coordinate fight against wildfiresย ย 
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค - ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ๊ณผ์˜ ์‹ธ์›€์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ์กฐ์œจํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณ„์•ฝ ์ฒด๊ฒฐ ์กฐ๋‚˜๋‹จ
71:34
Natural Resources Minister Jonathan Wilkinsonย  and David Cohen, the US ambassador to Canada,ย ย 
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์œŒํ‚จ์Šจ ์ฒœ์—ฐ์ž์›๋ถ€ ์žฅ๊ด€ ๊ณผ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์ฃผ์žฌ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ ์ฝ”ํ—จ์€
71:41
signed a memorandum of understanding Thursday toย  improve cross-border cooperation on wildfires.
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๋ชฉ์š”์ผ ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ ๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์–‘ํ•ด ๊ฐ์„œ์— ์„œ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
71:49
While the two countries have workedย  together on an ad hoc basis for decades,ย ย 
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๋‘ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•ด ์™”์ง€๋งŒ,
71:54
the New Deal formalizes that cooperation and makesย  it easier for US firefighters to pitch in whenย ย 
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๋‰ด๋”œ์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต์‹ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ํ™”์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„์••ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์†Œ๋ฐฉ๊ด€์ด ๊ฐœ์ž…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ
72:02
Canada needs them to quell a fire and vice versa.ย  As part of the deal, there's now a new frameworkย ย 
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ์ด์ œ ์–‘๊ตญ ๊ฐ„์— ์†Œ๋ฐฉ ์ž์›์„ ๊ตํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
72:09
that stipulates how firefighting resourcesย  will be exchanged between the two countries.
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.
72:15
The deal is designed to cut through redย  tape and bring together the agenciesย ย 
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์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋Š” ๊ด€๋ฃŒ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์—†์• ๊ณ 
72:20
on both sides of the border that have aย  hand in fighting these destructive fires.ย ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŒŒ๊ดด์ ์ธ ํ™”์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„์••ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ ์–‘์ชฝ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
72:26
The deal also calls for betterย  information sharing so that bothย ย 
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์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ
72:30
countries can stop a fire before itย  spirals out of control. For example,ย ย 
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์–‘๊ตญ์ด ํ†ต์ œ ๋ถˆ๋Šฅ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํ™”์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฉˆ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์ •๋ณด ๊ณต์œ ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
72:35
Canada will now have easy access to sophisticatedย  US satellite data that can identify fires.
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์ œ ํ™”์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๊ตํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์œ„์„ฑ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์•ก์„ธ์Šคํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
72:42
The deal comes as Canada grapplesย  with a recordbreaking wildfire season.ย ย 
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์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋Š” ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ ์ธ ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ ์‹œ์ฆŒ๊ณผ ์”จ๋ฆ„ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
72:48
the US has already deployed moreย  than 1500 firefighters to Canadaย ย 
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ๋‹น๊ตญ์„ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด๋ฏธ 1,500๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์†Œ๋ฐฉ๊ด€์„ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
72:54
to help local authorities. Canada has receivedย  support from other countries like Australia,ย ย 
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. ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š” ํ˜ธ์ฃผ, ์น ๋ ˆ, ๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
73:01
Chile and South Africa. Canadian firefightersย  have helped out the neighbors in past years.
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. ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์†Œ๋ฐฉ๊ด€์€ ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด์›ƒ์„ ๋„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
73:08
In 2020, for example, Canadian firefightersย  were deployed to the northwestern US duringย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด 2020๋…„์— ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์†Œ๋ฐฉ๊ด€์€ ์œ ๋‚œํžˆ ํ‰ํ•œ ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ ์‹œ์ฆŒ ์— ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ถ์„œ๋ถ€์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
73:16
a particularly ugly wildfire season.ย  This is the kind of thing that Canadaย ย 
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. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค
73:21
and the US can do together. We willย  always have your back, Cohen said.
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์™€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Cohen์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
73:27
Amazing job with that article. Now feel freeย  to hit pause, take a break, go get a cup ofย ย 
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ. ์ด์ œ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ผ์‹œ์ค‘์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  , ํœด์‹์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ€์„œ
73:34
coffee or tea. Review the vocabulary you justย  learned, and when you're ready, hit play. Andย ย 
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์ปคํ”ผ๋‚˜ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ์„ธ์š”. ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋ฐฐ์šด ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณต์Šต ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
73:41
we'll continue on with the next article U.S.ย  President Joe Biden touches down in Ottawa.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์กฐ ๋ฐ”์ด๋“  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ์˜คํƒ€์™€์— ์ƒ๋ฅ™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
73:50
First, let's talk about this phrasalย  verb touchdown, and notice we have anย ย 
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๋จผ์ €, ์ด ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ ํ„ฐ์น˜๋‹ค์šด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค . ์ฃผ์ œ he๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š”
73:56
S on it because it's conjugated with Joeย  Biden, which represents the subject he.
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Joe Biden๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— S๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ์กฐ
74:02
U.S. President Joe Biden. He touches down inย ย 
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๋ฐ”์ด๋“  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜คํƒ€์™€์—์„œ ํ„ฐ์น˜ ๋‹ค์šดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
74:07
Ottawa. Now to touchdown. This meansย  to land and we use it specifically forย ย 
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. ์ด์ œ ํ„ฐ์น˜๋‹ค์šดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ์— ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
74:12
a plane as an example. I could say my planeย  just touched down, which means my plane just.
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. ๋‚ด ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋‚ด ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
74:21
Landed. To be honest, I would sayย  that landed is more common thanย ย 
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์ฐฉ๋ฅ™. ์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์€
74:27
using the phrasal verb touchdown. So ifย  you're already comfortable with using,ย ย 
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๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ ํ„ฐ์น˜๋‹ค์šด์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฏธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
74:33
what time does your plane land? My plane justย  landed. I say keep using it, but at least nowย ย 
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๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡ ์‹œ์— ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ„์† ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ ์–ด๋„ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€
74:39
you know what it means when you see it. OK, let'sย  continue on and talk about his trip in Canada.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ์˜ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์—ฌํ–‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
74:47
U.S. President Joe Bidenย  arrived Thursday evening inย ย 
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์กฐ ๋ฐ”์ด๋“  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์€
74:50
Ottawa for a whirlwind 27 hour visit.ย  Now, first I want to point out thatย ย 
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ํšŒ์˜ค๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ 27 ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชฉ์š”์ผ ์ €๋… ์˜คํƒ€์™€์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋จผ์ € ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜
74:58
for everyone who doesn't know the capital cityย  of Canada is Ottawa. It is not Toronto. I thinkย ย 
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์ˆ˜๋„๊ฐ€ ์˜คํƒ€์™€์ž„์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ† ๋ก ํ† ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
75:07
probably 90% of people think the capital city inย  Canada is Toronto. That's just not true Ottawa.
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์•„๋งˆ 90%์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ์ˆ˜๋„๊ฐ€ ํ† ๋ก ํ† ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜คํƒ€์™€๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
75:17
Is the capital city, which is where all theย  official government business takes place,ย ย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์ •๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋„
75:23
and which is why President Joe Biden is visitingย ย 
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์ด๋ฉฐ ์กฐ ๋ฐ”์ด๋“  ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด
75:27
Ottawa and not Toronto. Torontoย  is Canada's largest city,ย ย 
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ํ† ๋ก ํ† ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์˜คํƒ€์™€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ† ๋ก ํ† ๋Š” ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋„์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
75:35
OK, so make sure you know that the next timeย  someone asks you about the capital of Canada.
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ์ˆ˜๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌผ์„ ๋•Œ ์•Œ์•„๋‘์„ธ์š”. ํšŒ์˜ค๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ 27 ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
75:44
Arrives Thursday evening in Ottawaย  for a whirlwind 27 hour visit. OK,ย ย 
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์˜คํƒ€์™€์— ๋ชฉ์š”์ผ ์ €๋…์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
75:51
what is a whirlwind? Whirlwind pronunciationย  Whirlwind A whirlwind. Now this is being usedย ย 
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ํšŒ์˜ค๋ฆฌ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? Whirlwind์˜ ๋ฐœ์Œ Whirlwind ํšŒ์˜ค๋ฆฌ๋ฐ”๋žŒ. ์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
76:00
as an adjective and we often describe an event.
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
76:05
Like a visit, a meeting, a vacation,ย  a conference as a whirlwind vacation,ย ย 
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๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ, ํšŒ์˜, ํœด๊ฐ€, ํšŒ์˜ค๋ฆฌ๋ฐ”๋žŒ ๊ฐ™์€ ํœด๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํšŒ์˜,
76:12
a whirlwind conference, a whirlwind meeting, aย  whirlwind visit is simply a visit where many,ย ย 
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ํšŒ์˜ค๋ฆฌ๋ฐ”๋žŒ ํšŒ์˜, ํšŒ์˜ค๋ฆฌ๋ฐ”๋žŒ ํšŒ์˜, ํšŒ์˜ค๋ฆฌ๋ฐ”๋žŒ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ
76:22
many things happen in a shortย  period of time. So very.
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๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์ด ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ •๋ง.
76:29
Active, many different activities. So he'sย  going to go to a lot of different places,ย ย 
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ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ™œ๋™. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
76:34
meet a lot of different people as well. And that'sย  why you could describe your vacation or a meetingย ย 
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๋งŽ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ๋งŒ๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํœด๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ํšŒ์˜
76:41
or a conference or even your summer. I had aย  whirlwind summer. It implies that you did many,ย ย 
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์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๋ฆ„๊นŒ์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ํšŒ์˜ค๋ฆฌ๋ฐ”๋žŒ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งŽ์€,
76:48
many different things. You saw many, manyย  different people. So I would say busy, eventful.
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๋งŽ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋ฐ”์˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
76:56
See lots of people things. That's how Iย  would describe it. And this is an adjective,ย ย 
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์„ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ
77:05
so that's an adjective. So as an adjective,ย  you would put it before what you're describing.
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์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ €๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์•ž์— ๋†“์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค-๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜
77:15
Expected to focus on both the friendly andย  thorny aspects of the Canada US relationship. OK,ย ย 
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์šฐํ˜ธ์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด๊ณผ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šด ์ธก๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋‘์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถœ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ข‹์•„์š”,
77:23
so friendly. You know what that means.ย  What about thorny? Well, Thorn is.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์นœ์ ˆํ•ด์š”. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์‹œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์Œ, Thorn์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
77:29
Something very sharp and a thorn hurts you. Soย  that's kind of what you want to imagine. Thoseย ย 
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๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ ์นด๋กญ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์•„ํ”„๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
77:37
aspects of the relationship that are thorny, thatย  can hurt you. So in this case, I would just sayย ย 
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์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
77:44
the positive aspects of the relationship, that'sย  the friendly aspects and then the thorny are theย ย 
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๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด, ์šฐํ˜ธ์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด, ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์€
77:51
negative aspects of the relationship becauseย  obviously these two countries probably don't.
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๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ด ๋‘ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
77:58
Share the same opinion on every single topic.ย  They probably have some debate that they're goingย ย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹จ์ผ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋™์ผํ•œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋“ค๋„ ํ•  ํ† ๋ก ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
78:06
to have as well. So that would be, I would justย  summarize it as negative, negative, so you couldย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ€์ •, ๋ถ€์ •์œผ๋กœ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜์—ฌ
78:13
describe your relationship. I have a thornyย  relationship with my boss, with my coworker,ย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์ง์žฅ ์ƒ์‚ฌ, ์ง์žฅ ๋™๋ฃŒ์™€ ์‚ฌ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ
78:20
so you're saying you know it's negative. There areย  things that hurt each other in that relationship.
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
78:27
OK, thorny aspects of the Canada US relationship.ย  I don't know what those aspects are, I guess rightย ย 
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์™€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ธก๋ฉด์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ ์–‘์ชฝ์˜
78:35
here, including protectionism and migrationย  on both sides of the border. So I'm not sureย ย 
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๋ณดํ˜ธ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ์ด์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
78:41
if these are the friendly aspects or the thornyย  aspects. They don't really specify. Now actually,ย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์นœ๊ทผํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์ธ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์ธ์ง€ ํ™•์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ง€์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ณ„์†
78:47
before we move on, I want to talkย  about the pronunciation of Canada.
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์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ๋ฐœ์Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
78:51
Because I actually hear a lot of mispronunciationย  because of syllable stress. So a lot of studentsย ย 
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์Œ์ ˆ ๊ฐ•์„ธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ฃ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š” . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด
79:01
will put the stress on the wrong syllable or theyย  won't put any stress on it. So it's Canada. It'sย ย 
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์Œ์ ˆ์— ๊ฐ•์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋‘์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
79:09
not Canada, Canada. Sometimes I hear thatย  where the da is really strong. Canada. No,ย ย 
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋” ๋‹ค( da)๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”,
79:17
Canada. Canada, OK.
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค. ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์–ด.
79:21
That's how you say it. Like an American.ย  Like a Canadian, Canada. So this, duh,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ. ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์ธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฑด, ์ด๋Ÿฐ,
79:30
is quite sure. Canada. Canada. So now youย  know the capital of Canada, the largest city,ย ย 
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ํ™•์‹คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค. ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋„์‹œ์ธ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ์ˆ˜๋„๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ 
79:37
and you know how to correctly pronounce it. Allย  of these notes are available in a lesson PDF,ย ย 
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธํŠธ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์˜ PDF๋กœ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
79:44
so you can look in the description or theย  comment section to download the free lesson PDF.
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์„ค๋ช… ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ“๊ธ€ ์„น์…˜์—์„œ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๊ฐ•์˜ PDF๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
79:51
All right, let's continue on. Is quite a packedย  schedule. So a packed schedule. This is justย ย 
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์ข‹์•„, ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์ž. ๊ฝค ๋นก๋นกํ•œ ์ผ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋นก๋นกํ•œ ์ผ์ •.
79:59
another way of saying busy, busy. Now you couldย  also think of it as crowded because you can sayย ย 
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๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค, ๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ‘œํ˜„์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ˜ผ์žกํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
80:10
the event, the event was packed, andย  in this case packed means crowded.
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์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๋Š” ๋ถ๋ณ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ถ๋ณ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ๋ณ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
80:20
So there were many, many people in the event, soย  you couldn't really move around. It was crowded.ย ย 
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ํ–‰์‚ฌ์žฅ์— ์ •๋ง ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์›€์ง์ผ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ๋ณ๋‹ค.
80:28
But because we're talking about a schedule, itย  really more means busy. Now honestly, you couldย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋” ๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์†”์งํžˆ
80:36
use our same adjective as before and probably sayย  it's quite a whirlwind schedule, because what isย ย 
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์ด์ „๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋ฐ”์œ ์ผ์ •์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด๋ƒ๋Š” ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ •์‹ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ •์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
80:44
a busy schedule? It's when you do lots of things,ย  see lots of people, meet with lots of people well.
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์ผ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•  ๋•Œ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋งŒ๋‚  ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
80:50
That's also kind of the definition of busy, right?ย  So you could use our other adjective, whirlwind.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ •์˜์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ํšŒ์˜ค๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
80:56
Or you can use packed as well and then knowย  that packed can mean crowded at the same time.ย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” packed๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  packed๊ฐ€ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ถ๋น„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
81:05
So in terms of busy, you couldย  say my weekend was packed,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฐ”์œ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋ง์ด
81:12
my weekend was packed, which means it was busy.
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๊ฝ‰ ์ฐผ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
81:15
Now sometimes we actually add, which is kind ofย  fun. I like saying this. We add the word actionย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. action์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์•ž์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
81:20
in front. Oh, my weekend was action-packed. Youย  don't have to say that, you can simply say packed,ย ย 
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. ์˜ค, ๋‚ด ์ฃผ๋ง์€ ์•ก์…˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐจ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ํฌ์žฅ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜
81:27
but that's just an option. action-packed orย  packed. All right, it was quite a packed scheduleย ย 
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Š” ์„ ํƒ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™œ๋™์ด ๋งŽ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํฌ์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”, ์งง์€ ์—ฌํ–‰์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋นก๋นกํ•œ ์ผ์ •์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ 
81:37
for a short trip, said White House Nationalย  Security Council spokesman. That's a long title.
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๋ฐฑ์•…๊ด€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ์ „๋ณด์žฅํšŒ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ณ€์ธ์ด ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธด ์ œ๋ชฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
81:44
John Kirby on Wednesday.ย ย 
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์ˆ˜์š”์ผ ์กด ์ปค๋น„.
81:46
This is a meaningful visit. Canada is one of theย  United States closest allies. Notice they haveย ย 
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์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋™๋งน๊ตญ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
81:54
this apostrophe. This is to show possession. Thenย  United States closest allies and friends. So theย ย 
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. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์†Œ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋™๋งน๊ตญ์ด์ž ์นœ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
82:06
allies belongs to the United States. The friendsย  belong to the United States. So that's why now.
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๋™๋งน๊ตญ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ์†ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ์†ํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
82:13
Generally with possession, I would sayย  that's my friend's shirt. So that is whenย ย 
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜ ์…”์ธ ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋•Œ๊ฐ€
82:23
I'm talking about my one friend, right? So myย  one friend, singular. Now this S is not plural,ย ย 
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์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ ํ•œ ๋ช…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ , ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ ํ•œ ๋ช…, ๋‹จ์ˆ˜. ์ด์ œ ์ด S๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
82:33
is to show possession is to show the shirtย  belongs to my friend. OK, now I could say.
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์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์…”์ธ ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
82:43
That's my friends because I can say my friendsย  and it could be plural. That's my friends. Whatย ย 
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๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด์•ผ.
82:53
could be a multiple item belonging to my friends?ย  That's my friend's dog. OK, let's say I have twoย ย 
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๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ช…์˜
83:01
friends and they live in the same house and theyย  share one dog. So the dog belongs to my friends.
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์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง‘์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐœ ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฐœ๋Š” ๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
83:11
Two friends, plural. But I just put theย  apostrophe here because there is alreadyย ย 
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๋‘ ์นœ๊ตฌ, ๋ณต์ˆ˜. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฏธ S๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ
83:19
an S so I don't need to put another S becauseย  that looks weird, right? So you don't need toย ย 
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ S๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์„ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ
83:25
put another S if it ends in an S and this is toย  show possession. This is also to show possession.
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์œ„ํ•ด S๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ S๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์„ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์†Œ์œ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
83:36
OK, Canada is one of the United States closestย  friends and allies and friends and has beenย ย 
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์šฐ๋ฐฉ์ด์ž ์šฐ๋ฐฉ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋ฉฐ
83:43
now for more than 150 years. Why is it 150 years?ย  Because that's how long Canada has been a country.ย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ 150๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ์ด์–ด์ ธ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ 150๋…„์ธ๊ฐ€? ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜€๋˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ทธ๋งŒํผ ๊ธธ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
83:50
It's been 150, two or three years. That's whyย  they say more than so since we became a country.ย ย 
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150๋…„, 2~3๋…„ ๋์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋œ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
83:59
This will be the first trueย  inperson bilateral meeting.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ฉด ์–‘์ž ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
84:04
A bilateral meeting is a meeting betweenย  two people. So it's just another way ofย ย 
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์–‘์ž ํšŒ์˜๋Š” ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๊ฐ„์˜ ํšŒ์˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
84:13
of saying two people. I don't knowย  why they really said it, becauseย ย 
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. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
84:17
it's already implied, because it's Joe Bidenย  and Trudeau and they're two people. Anyway,ย ย 
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์ด๋ฏธ ์•”์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ ๋ฐ”์ด๋“  ๊ณผ ํŠธ๋คผ๋„์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด์จŒ๋“ , ์ƒ์‚ฌ์™€
84:23
you could say I'm having a bilateralย  meeting with my boss and this implies that.
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์–‘์ž ํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•”์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–‘์ž
84:34
The meeting is between you and your boss becauseย ย 
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ํšŒ์˜๋Š” ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํšŒ์˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
84:38
bilateral is with two people. Nowย  let's say it's actually my boss'sย ย 
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. ์ด์ œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฌ์˜
84:46
friend. I can't think of anything else, so I'llย  say friend. But notice this is possessive becauseย ย 
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์นœ๊ตฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์•ˆ๋‚˜์„œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
84:53
the friend belongs to my boss. Boss already endsย  in S, so I don't need to put another S there.
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์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด ์ƒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์†Œ์œ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋ณด์Šค๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ S๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ S๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์„ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
85:04
If it were the other way around, my friend'sย  boss, I put's because it does not end in Sย ย 
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๋ผ๋ฉด S๋กœ ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 's'๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ๊ณ 
85:13
and this is also showing possession. I haveย  a bilateral meeting with my friend's boss.ย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์†Œ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฌ์™€ ์–‘์ž ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
85:20
OK, let me highlight that for you betweenย  the two leaders in Canada since 2009.
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์ข‹์•„์š”, 2009๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ๋‘ ์ง€๋„์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
85:29
So we'll be the first true in personย  bilateral meeting now adding in personย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์ œ ์ง์ ‘ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์–‘์ž ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
85:35
because obviously in the last few years aย  lot of meetings have taken place online,ย ย 
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋งŽ์€ ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์—ด๋ ธ๊ธฐ
85:40
so it suggests that it's possibleย  they had an online bilateral meeting.ย ย 
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์–‘์ž ํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
85:47
It's possible now. Notice we have sinceย  since plus a specific time since 2009 since.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2009๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ์ดํ›„ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ดํ›„ ์ดํ›„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
85:58
Last summer since March 5th and we useย  four with a time period for two weeks,ย ย 
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์ง€๋‚œ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„ 3์›” 5์ผ ์ดํ›„๋กœ 2์ฃผ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ๋Š” 4๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
86:13
two years now. In this context, 4 doesn't work.ย  You wouldn't replace, it will be the first.
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์ด์ œ 2๋…„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ 4๋Š” ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ต์ฒดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
86:21
In person meeting for two weeks, it doesn'tย  make any sense, so we can't replace it withย ย 
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2์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ์ง์ ‘ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ฉด ๋ง์ด ์•ˆ ๋˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ 4๊ฐœ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
86:28
four. But I'm just letting you know that thereย  are specific times when you use sense or 4INย ย 
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. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ผ์Šค๋‚˜ 4IN์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
86:35
other cases because I do see mistakes withย  those. In this case we need to use sense andย ย 
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. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์€
86:41
we're we have to have a specific time becauseย  sense is only used with a specific time. OK?
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ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
86:53
The first year of Biden's term. So here'sย  another possessive The term belongs to Biden.ย ย 
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๋ฐ”์ด๋“ ์˜ ์ž„๊ธฐ ์ฒซํ•ด. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” Biden์— ์†ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
87:00
The first year of Biden'sย  term focused on rebuildingย ย 
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Biden์˜ ์ž„๊ธฐ ์ฒซํ•ด๋Š” ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์žฌ๊ฑด์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
87:04
Canada. US relations following Trump'sย  divisive term in in office. All right,ย ย 
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. ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ ๋ถ„์—ด์ ์ธ ์ž„๊ธฐ ์ดํ›„์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ด€๊ณ„. ์ข‹์•„, ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์ž
87:12
let's take a look at this. Focused on rebuilding,ย  rebuilding. So notice a couple things. One.
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. ์žฌ๊ฑด, ์žฌ๊ฑด์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘ก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ํ•˜๋‚˜.
87:20
It's in the gerund form. My verbย  is in the ING gerund form. Why?ย ย 
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๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ํ˜•์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ING ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ํ˜•์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ?
87:27
Because I have a preposition. Here on is aย  preposition, and when we have a preposition,ย ย 
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ on์€ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ  ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
87:33
you're following verb. In this case, rebuildingย  needs to be in the ING in the gerund form.ย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์€ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ํ˜•์‹์˜ ING์— ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
87:40
So that's our gerund. So I'll just writeย  that out for you. Preposition plus gerund.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์‹  ์ ์–ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์™€ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ.
87:48
Now we have a re in front ofย  building to say is happening again,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์•ž์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
87:55
so we're building it again, you mightย  say. Jennifer, this lesson was awesome,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ, ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
88:02
but I need to re watch it. I need to watchย  it again. Why? Well, because you need toย ย 
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ด์•ผ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ด์•ผ ๊ฒ ์–ด์š” . ์™œ? ์Œ,
88:10
practice everything I'm teaching you inย  this lesson, right? I need to re watch.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— , ๋งž์ฃ ? ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
88:17
This lesson at least three times to really fullyย  learn everything I'm teaching you in this lessonย ย 
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์ด ๊ฐ•์˜ ์—์„œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ •๋ง ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ ค๋ฉด ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ์ ์–ด๋„ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
88:29
because I'm going quite fast, aren't I? So thisย  means watch again and notice for pronunciationย ย 
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ €๋Š” ๊ฝค ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์Œ์— ์ฃผ์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
88:38
re E I'm not doing like aย  schwa sound. Ruh ruh ruh watch.
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re E ๋‚˜๋Š” ์Šˆ์™€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ฃจ๋ฃจ๋ฃจ ์‹œ๊ณ„.
88:44
American pronunciation. We love ourย  unstressed schwa sound in our throat here,ย ย 
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ๋ฐœ์Œ. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชฉ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์—์„œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์—†๋Š” ์Šˆ์™€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
88:51
but I'm not doing that. This isย  a full E re rewatch, rewatch.ย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด E ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณด๊ธฐ, ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
88:58
Watch it again. So hopefully you rewatch thisย  lesson. Let me know if you're going to rewatch it.ย ย 
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ๋ณด๊ธฐ ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
89:05
OK, let's talk about this divisive,ย  divisive, visive, divisive, divisive.
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ์ด ๋ถ„์—ด์ ์ธ, ๋ถ„์—ด์ ์ธ, ๋ถ„์—ด์ ์ธ, ๋ถ„์—ด์ ์ธ, ๋ถ„์—ด์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
89:13
Trump's divisive term in office, divisive,ย  comes from the word division. Division,ย ย 
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ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์˜ ๋ถ„์—ด์ ์ธ ์šฉ์–ด์ธ ๋ถ„์—ด์€ ๋ถ„์—ด์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š”
89:23
which also comes from the word divided.ย  When people are divided, when there'sย ย 
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๋‹จ์–ด์—์„œ ํŒŒ์ƒ๋œ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ถ„์—ด๋  ๋•Œ,
89:31
division between a group of people, it means someย  people think this and other people think that.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋ถ„์—ด์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ €๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
89:38
And divisive is the adjective that's describingย  that as an example. I could say his policy isย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์ด
89:47
very divisive. It causes some people toย  be here and other people to be here. Itย ย 
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๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ„์—ด์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
89:53
causes division. It divides people. Soย  it's implying that Trump caused divisionย ย 
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๋ถ„์—ด์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๊ฐ€
90:01
between the United States and Canada, or atย  least their relationship. Let's continue on.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์‚ฌ์ด, ๋˜๋Š” ์ ์–ด๋„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์—ด์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•”์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
90:07
The second focused on meeting obligations, Theย  second, remember here we are talking about theย ย 
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์˜๋ฌด ์ถฉ์กฑ์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ
90:14
first year of Biden's term. Now we're talkingย  about the second, the second year of Biden's term,ย ย 
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Biden ์ž„๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฒซํ•ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” Biden์˜ ์ž„๊ธฐ 2๋…„์ฐจ์ธ
90:20
The 2nd focused on meeting obligations. So again,ย  on is our preposition. So we have our Jaron here,ย ย 
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2๋…„์ฐจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ, on์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋‹คํ•˜๋Š” Jaron์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
90:31
meeting obligations.
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. ์ •๊ทœ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ
90:32
Including prioritizing orderly and safeย  migration through regular pathways, Kirby said,ย ย 
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์งˆ์„œ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์ด์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์šฐ์„ ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ Kirby๋Š”
90:42
now heading into the third, the third yearย  of his term. Heading into. We use the wordย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ž„๊ธฐ 3๋…„์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์•ž๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
90:52
head as a replacement to the word go, soย  you could say going into the third term.
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go๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•˜์—ฌ head๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ going into the third term์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
91:02
Going or I guess in this case you might want toย  think of it as entering, but go, there's movement,ย ย 
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๊ฐ€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ์‹ค ํ…๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”, ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ์žˆ์ฃ 
91:08
right? And enter, there's movement as well. I'mย  going into the store. I'm entering the store now.ย ย 
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? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด ์›€์ง์ž„๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์— ๊ฐˆ๊ฑฐ์•ผ. ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋งค์žฅ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
91:17
We do use head a lot. You could say I'm headingย  to the store. When do you head to the airport?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์–ธ์ œ ๊ณตํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋‚˜์š”?
91:31
And in this case, it means go. I'mย  going to the store. When do you go toย ย 
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด๋™์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งค์žฅ์—๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ค‘์ด ์•ผ. ๊ณตํ•ญ์— ์–ธ์ œ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”
91:37
the airport? It's extremely common.ย  It sounds very natural. Americans,ย ย 
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? ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์šฐ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์€
91:42
we love saying head as a replacement for go. Soย  you can start with these two expressions and thenย ย 
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go ๋Œ€์‹  head๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด
91:52
add on some more to your vocabulary once you getย  comfortable with them. Now heading into the third.
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์–ดํœ˜์— ๋” ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด์ œ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
91:59
This visit is about taking stockย  of what we've done, where we are,ย ย 
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์ผ, ํ˜„์žฌ ์œ„์น˜,
92:04
what we need to prioritize for the future,ย  OK? When you take stock of something,ย ย 
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•  ๋•Œ
92:11
you basically assess the current situation.ย  So you might say we need to take stock ofย ย 
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์žฌ์ • ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
92:21
our finances. So you need to think about yourย  current financial situation and then perhaps.
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์žฌ์ • ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
92:30
The recent past of it and then going into the nearย  future as well. So the current situation includingย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
92:40
the past and the present. So let me just writeย  that out for you. Let's take stock or we need to,ย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
92:50
we need to take stock of our financial situation.
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์žฌ์ • ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฌ์ • ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
92:59
As I said, I think the best replacementย  would be assess. When you assess something,ย ย 
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ต์ฒด๋Š” ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ
93:06
you think about the current situation. Soย  assess, think about the current situation.ย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
93:18
And in this case it's the current situationย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
93:20
of your financial situation. A little bitย  confusing, They're using situation twice.
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์žฌ์ • ์ƒํ™ฉ์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
93:28
So this visit is about taking stock of whatย  we've done, so assessing what we've done,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์ผ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ์ผ, ํ˜„์žฌ
93:37
where we are, and what we needย  to prioritize for the future.ย ย 
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์œ„์น˜, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
93:43
So far, neither the White House nor the Primeย  Minister's Office have confirmed if there willย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐฑ์•…๊ด€๋„ ์ด๋ฆฌ์‹ค๋„
93:50
be any impromptu stomps during the trip.ย  All right, let's take a look at neither.
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์ˆœ๋ฐฉ ์ค‘์— ์ฆ‰์„์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์—†์„์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„, ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์ž.
93:58
Norm, I did create a separate videoย  on neither nor because I hear a lotย ย 
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๋ณดํ†ต, ๋‚˜๋Š”
94:06
of mistakes with it. So I'll put theย  link to that video in the comment,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๊ทธ ์˜์ƒ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์•„๋†“์„ ๊ฑด๋ฐ, ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ผ
94:10
but just know that neither is used when it'sย  negative, so it's saying not the White House.
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๋•Œ๋Š” ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ ์•Œ์•„๋‘์„ธ์š” .
94:19
And not the Prime Minister. So it's negative forย  the White House and it's also negative for theย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฐฑ์•…๊ด€์— ๋ถ€์ •์  ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
94:27
Prime Minister. That's what I'll say now, justย  because I do already have that full lesson onย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „์ฒด ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
94:34
it. So I will just say link to lesson in the videoย  description on neither nor. It's a great video.
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ ์„ค๋ช…์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์˜ ๋งํฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ์ชฝ๋„ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋น„๋””์˜ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
94:48
And I highly suggest you watch it.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํžˆ ์ œ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
94:52
Okay, so you can watch that when you haveย  time. It's a pretty short video as well.ย ย 
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ฝค ์งง์€ ์˜์ƒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
94:58
Just trying to get this. Let me just put thisย  on a separate line for you neither. Whoopsie,ย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ป์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ท€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ์ค„์— ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Whoopsie, ๋„
95:07
neither nor. Oh okay, got it. Ooh.
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์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ.
95:13
So far, neither the White House nor the Primeย  Minister's Office have confirmed if there willย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐฑ์•…๊ด€๋„ ์ด๋ฆฌ์‹ค๋„ ์ฆ‰์„
95:19
be any impromptu stops. What was an impromptuย  stop? It's an unplanned stop. Unplanned,ย ย 
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์ •์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰์„ ์ •์ง€๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜์š” ? ์˜ˆ์ •์— ์—†๋˜ ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„ํš์— ์—†๋Š”
95:32
it seems.
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๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
95:35
Like it would be obvious that thereย  would be unplanned stops. For example,ย ย 
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๊ณ„ํš๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
95:39
if you and I were going on a vacation, we wouldn'tย  plan out every single place, including cafes,ย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์นดํŽ˜, ๋ ˆ์Šคํ† ๋ž‘, ์ƒ์ ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋“  ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ
95:46
restaurants, stores in advance and have that on anย  itinerary, right? If we felt like going to a cafe,ย ย 
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๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ฌ์ •์— ํฌํ•จ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์นดํŽ˜์— ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ๋ฉด
95:54
we would go to a cafe. Obviously that's not howย  it works for the president for security reasons.
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์นดํŽ˜์— ๊ฐ€์š”. ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณด์•ˆ์ƒ์˜ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์—๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
96:00
Everything has to be very planned out so securityย  can be present. So that's why an impromptu stopย ย 
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๋ณด์•ˆ์ด ์œ ์ง€๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฒ ์ €ํžˆ ๊ณ„ํš๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฆ‰์„ ์ •์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด
96:07
is unlikely. But it did happen when Barackย  Obama, former President Barack Obama visitedย ย 
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์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฒ„๋ฝ ์˜ค๋ฐ”๋งˆ ์ „ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด
96:17
Ottawa many years ago, and that's what thisย  picture represents. I'll continue reading this.
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์ˆ˜๋…„ ์ „์— ์˜คํƒ€์™€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ„์† ์ฝ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
96:24
So it hasn't been confirmed if thereย  will be any impromptu, unplanned,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌํ–‰ ์ค‘์— ์ฆ‰์„, ๊ณ„ํš๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€
96:30
impromptu stops during the trip. Meaningย  we'll have to wait and see whether thereย ย 
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์ฆ‰์„ ์ •์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,
96:35
will be another Obama cookie moment. If you comeย  to Ottawa as a tourist, you will see this Obamaย ย 
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์˜ค๋ฐ”๋งˆ ์ฟ ํ‚ค์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ์„์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด€๊ด‘๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์˜คํƒ€์™€์— ์˜ค์‹œ๋ฉด ์ด ์˜ค๋ฐ”๋งˆ ์ฟ ํ‚ค๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
96:44
cookie. It's very popular for touristsย  and it's because Obama visited Canada.
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. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ด€๊ด‘๊ฐ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์˜ค๋ฐ”๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
96:52
In Ottawa, where I live, the capital rememberย  in 2009, and he had an impromptu stop,ย ย 
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜คํƒ€์™€์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋„๋Š” 2009๋…„์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ฆ‰ํฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ณ„ํš
97:01
an unplanned stop, So he went to our touristย  area, which is called the Byword Market. That'sย ย 
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๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” Byword Market์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ด€๊ด‘ ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
97:08
just an area of the city in our historicย  downtown where the tourists generally go.
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๊ด€๊ด‘๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์œ ์„œ ๊นŠ์€ ์‹œ๋‚ด์˜ ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
97:14
And he went to a bakery and he boughtย  a cookie from that bakery. Remember,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋นต์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ทธ ๋นต์ง‘์—์„œ ์ฟ ํ‚ค๋ฅผ ์ƒ€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
97:21
this happened in 2009. Today,ย  if you go into that bakery,ย ย 
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2009๋…„์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ๊ทธ ๋นต์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€๋ฉด
97:26
there are pictures of Obama everywhere,ย  Like this picture is from the bakery.
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์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ฐ”๋งˆ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ๋นต์ง‘์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
97:33
And this is a television. What I'm pointingย  out with my mouse is a television. And itย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ „์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ „์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
97:40
plays over and over again. Barack Obama's tripย  in Canada from 2009 is pretty funny becauseย ย 
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ„๋ฝ ์˜ค๋ฐ”๋งˆ์˜ 2009๋…„ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์—ฌํ–‰์€ ๊ฝค ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
97:49
even now it's a big tourist attractionย  in Ottawa to come see this Obama cookie.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ์˜คํƒ€์™€์—์„œ ์ด ์˜ค๋ฐ”๋งˆ ์ฟ ํ‚ค๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Ÿฌ ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํฐ ๊ด€๊ด‘ ๋ช…์†Œ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
97:57
So if Biden makes an impromptu stop, maybeย  we'll have a Biden cookie in Ottawa as well,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ Biden์ด ์ฆ‰์„์—์„œ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๋ฉด ์˜คํƒ€์™€์—๋„ Biden ์ฟ ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
98:04
or something like that. OK, we'll haveย  to wait and see if there'll be anotherย ย 
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. ์ข‹์•„์š”, ๋ฒ„๋ฝ ์˜ค๋ฐ”๋งˆ
98:09
Obama cookie moment when then U.S.ย  President Barack Obama popped into aย ย 
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๋‹น์‹œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด
98:16
bakery in the Byword Market during his 2009ย  trip. I like this phrasal verb to pop into.
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2009๋…„ ์—ฌํ–‰ ์ค‘์— Byword Market์˜ ๋นต์ง‘์— ๋ถˆ์‘ฅ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ค๋ฐ”๋งˆ ์ฟ ํ‚ค ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‚˜๋Š”์ด ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํŠ€์–ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
98:24
When you pop into a store, a cafe, a bakery, inย  Obama's case, it means you just enter quickly. Soย ย 
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์ƒ์ , ์นดํŽ˜, ๋ฒ ์ด์ปค๋ฆฌ, ์˜ค๋ฐ”๋งˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
98:34
you just go in, you get your cookie and you leave.ย  So most likely you're not going to stay for twoย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ ์ฟ ํ‚ค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ๋– ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ 2์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋จธ๋ฌผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
98:41
hours and have lunch with a friend, You're justย  going to get something and leave. So if you'reย ย 
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์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์„œ ๋– ๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
98:48
with your husband or wifeย  or a friend, you might say.
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๋‚จํŽธ์ด๋‚˜ ์•„๋‚ด ๋˜๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
98:55
Is it OK if we pop into this storeย  I need to buy and then you can justย ย 
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์ด ๋งค์žฅ์— ๋“ค๋Ÿฌ์„œ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
99:06
tell whatever you want to buy? OK, Now whenย  you say pop into your friend, your husband,ย ย 
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๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ ๊นŒ์š”? ์ž, ์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ, ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋‚จํŽธ,
99:12
your wife, they understand that is going toย  be quick. So even if you're on a schedule,ย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์•„๋‚ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ผ์ •์ด ์žˆ๋”๋ผ๋„
99:17
they know OK, it's not going to take a long time.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
99:21
So if someone asked you like, oh, did you visitย  the museum when you were in Ottawa? You might sayย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜คํƒ€์™€์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
99:31
we popped in, we popped in, which means you didn'tย  spend a very long time. So this is the same asย ย 
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we poped in, we poped in์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์ด
99:41
saying visited quickly. We popped in, we just tookย  a few pictures, looked around, but we had another.
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๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ๋ช‡ ์žฅ๋งŒ ์ฐ๊ณ  ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ดค์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
99:50
Appointment to get to. We just popped in, so weย  use this a lot when you're going to stores. Or youย ย 
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๋„์ฐฉ ์•ฝ์†. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋“ค์–ด์™”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งค์žฅ์— ๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š”
99:59
might go pop into a friend's house, which meansย  you visit that friend for a brief period of time.ย ย 
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์นœ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
100:08
So my friend popped in on.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ผ์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
100:13
Over the weekend. Just sometime over the weekend.ย  Oh, my friend popped in over the weekend,ย ย 
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์ฃผ๋ง ๋™์•ˆ. ์ฃผ๋ง์— ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋งŒ. ์•„, ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋ง์— ๋†€๋Ÿฌ์™€์„œ
100:19
so she visited me quickly. That's what itย  implies. And that's the end of the article.ย ย 
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๊ธ‰ํžˆ ์ฐพ์•„์™”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
100:26
So now I'll read the article from start toย  finish so you can focus on my pronunciation.ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ œ ๋ฐœ์Œ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฝ์–ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
100:33
U.S. President Joe Biden touches down in Ottawa.
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์กฐ ๋ฐ”์ด๋“  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ์˜คํƒ€์™€์— ์ƒ๋ฅ™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
100:37
U.S. President Joe Biden arrived Thursdayย  evening in Ottawa for a whirlwind 27ย ย 
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์กฐ ๋ฐ”์ด๋“  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์€ ๋ชฉ์š”์ผ ์ €๋… ์˜คํƒ€์™€์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ ์–‘์ชฝ์˜ ์ด์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ
100:43
hour visit expected to focus on both theย  friendly and thorny aspects of the Canadaย ย 
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์šฐํ˜ธ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋‘์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถœ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ํšŒ์˜ค๋ฆฌ๋ฐ”๋žŒ 27์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜คํƒ€์™€์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
100:49
US relationship, including protectionismย  and migration on both sides of the border.
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.
100:57
Is quite a packed schedule for a short trip,ย  said White House National Security Councilย ย 
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๋ฐฑ์•…๊ด€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์•ˆ๋ณดํšŒ์˜(NSC)
101:03
spokesman John Kirby on Wednesday. This is aย  meaningful visit. Canada is one of the Unitedย ย 
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๋Œ€๋ณ€์ธ ์กด ์ปค๋น„(John Kirby)๋Š” ์ˆ˜์š”์ผ ์งง์€ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋นก๋นกํ•œ ์ผ์ •์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š”
101:10
States closest allies and friends and hasย  been now for more than 150 years. This willย ย 
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋™๋งน๊ตญ์ด์ž ์นœ๊ตฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋ฉฐ 150๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
101:17
be the first true in person bilateral meetingย  between the two leaders in Canada since 2009.
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2009๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์—์„œ ๋‘ ์ง€๋„์ž ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์–‘์ž ํšŒ๋‹ด์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
101:25
The first year of Biden's term focused onย  rebuilding Canada US relations. Followingย ย 
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Biden์˜ ์ž„๊ธฐ ์ฒซํ•ด๋Š” ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์žฌ๊ฑด์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
101:31
Trump's divisive term in office, theย  2nd focused on meeting obligations,ย ย 
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ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ ๋ถ„์—ด์ ์ธ ์ž„๊ธฐ์— ์ด์–ด 2์„ ์€ ์ •๊ทœ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
101:36
including prioritizing orderly and safeย  migration through regular pathways, Kirby said.ย ย 
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์งˆ์„œ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์ด์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์šฐ์„ ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ท„๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ปค๋น„๋Š” ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
101:44
Now heading into the third, this visitย  is about taking stock of what we've done,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์ผ, ํ˜„์žฌ
101:49
where we are, and what we needย  to prioritize for the future.
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์œ„์น˜, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
101:54
So far, neither the White House nor theย  Prime Minister's office have confirmedย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐฑ์•…๊ด€๋„ ์ด๋ฆฌ์‹ค๋„ ์—ฌํ–‰
101:59
if there will be any impromptu stops duringย  the trip, meaning we'll have to wait and seeย ย 
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์ค‘ ์ฆ‰์„ ์ •์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ฆ‰, ๋ฒ„๋ฝ ์˜ค๋ฐ”๋งˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ํ„ฐ์ง€๋Š”
102:05
whether there will be another Obama cookieย  moment when the US President Barack Obama,ย ย 
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ค๋ฐ”๋งˆ ์ฟ ํ‚ค ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ์„์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2009๋…„ ์—ฌํ–‰ ์ค‘์—
102:10
popped into a bakery in the Bywardย  Market during his 2009 trip.
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๋ฐ”์ด์›Œ๋“œ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๋นต์ง‘์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”๋‹ค .
102:15
Amazing job with this lesson. Now, whatย  was your favorite new word from thisย ย 
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์œผ๋กœ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ž‘์—…. ์ž, ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”
102:21
lesson? Leave that in the comments belowย  and leave an example sentence. Practicingย ย 
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? ์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
102:27
your new vocabulary. And if you found thisย  lesson helpful, please hit the like button,ย ย 
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ข‹์•„์š” ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ณ 
102:31
share it with your friends and ofย  course subscribe. And before you go,ย ย 
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์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์—
102:35
make sure you head to my website and getย  your free speaking guide. In this guide Iย ย 
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์ œ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์œผ์„ธ์š”. ์ด ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ์—์„œ๋Š”
102:40
share 6 tips on how to speak English fluentlyย  and confidently. And until next time, happy.
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์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹  ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 6๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŒ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€, ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
102:46
He's studying.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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