Speak English Like A Native Speaker in ONLY ONE HOUR

38,314 views ใƒป 2024-01-31

JForrest English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Today I have an advanced Englishย  vocabulary master class for you,ย ย 
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์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์˜์–ด ์–ดํœ˜ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํด๋ž˜์Šค๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:05
so you can improve your English and speak moreย  fluently and confidently in the next one hour.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์˜์–ด ์‹ค๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹  ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:11
Welcome back to JForrest English.
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JForrest English์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:13
Of course, I'm Jennifer.
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๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด์ฃ . ์ €๋Š” ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
Now let's get started.
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์ด์ œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
First in this master class, let'sย  start with a grammar point thatย ย 
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๋จผ์ € ์ด ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํด๋ž˜์Šค์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ํฌ์ธํŠธ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
I see a lot of students make mistakes with,ย  and that's the conjugation of the verb have.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ have ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
It's simple, right?
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์ฃ ?
00:28
But what about when you?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
00:29
Use it in the present isn't perfect.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
Or the past perfect and you have had had.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ์ด๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
That's right, had had.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ , ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:36
So let's learn all aboutย  the rules of using have now.
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์ด์ œ have ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ทœ์น™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•Œ์•„๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:41
Our infinitive form of the verb is to.
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๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” to์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
Have of course.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠน์ • ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ
00:46
We can use the infinitive inย  certain sentence structures.
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์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:49
For example, I'd like to have more time.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋” ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
So here is the infinitive being used.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
Now we can also use the base verb.
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์ด์ œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
The base verb is have.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” have์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
So we simply drop the two from theย  infinitive to get our base verb.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์‚ญ์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํŠน์ • ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ๋Š”
01:09
We can also use the base verbย  in certain sentence structures.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:13
For example, I'll have time tomorrow.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‚ด์ผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
01:17
Here we're using it in the future.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
Simple, we need will and a base verb.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์ง€์™€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
Our base verb is have.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” have์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
I'll have time tomorrow.
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๋‚ด์ผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
01:26
Now here's where things get tricky.
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์ด์ œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์›Œ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
In the present simple form ofย  the verb, we have two options.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ต์…˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
We have have and has.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
Your choice depends on the subject.
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๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์„ ํƒ์€ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
We use have for the subjects I, you, we, and they.
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I, you, we, they๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์—๋Š” have๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
For example, they have two kids.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ช…์˜ ์ž๋…€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
Now we use has in the present simple for theย  subjects ** *** and it are third person singular.
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์ด์ œ ์ฃผ์–ด ** ***์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์—์„œ has๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” 3์ธ์นญ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
For example, she has two kids.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ช…์˜ ์ž๋…€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
The past form of the verb is had.
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๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ด ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
This is for all subjects.
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์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์— ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
For example, she had a muffin for breakfast.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์•„์นจ ์‹์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋จธํ•€์„ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
Now here's where things get tricky for students.
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์ด์ œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
Let's talk about the present perfect.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:18
So the present perfect with the verbย  have can be formed in two different ways.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ have์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
It can be formed as has had or have had.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
Now had is the same for all subjects.
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Now had๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์— ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
It doesn't change, but has and haveย  changes according to the subject.
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๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
You already learned this with the present simple.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
So you know that we would use have had fourย  subjects I, you, we, and they For example,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ 4๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. I, you, we, they ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
02:57
we've had enough and we use has had four subjects.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ํ•™์Šตํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 4๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
** *** it the third person singular.
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** *** 3์ธ์นญ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
For example, she's had enough now.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด์ œ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ง€์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
Notice how I'm using a contractionย  I've you've weave Dave, she's he'sย ย 
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. Dave๋ฅผ ์—ฎ์–ด ์ฃผ์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
it's native English speakersย  always use contractions withย ย 
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์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•๊ณผ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
03:23
the present perfect so I encourageย  you to get comfortable with that.
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ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
So just remember your choice betweenย  have had and has had depends on theย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ have์™€ have ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์„ ํƒ์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
03:33
subject and we use has had forย  third person singular he sheet.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” has had 3์ธ์นญ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ he ์‹œํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
It and we.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ.
03:40
Use have, had for all other subjects.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์ œ์—๋Š” have, had๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
I, you, we, and they.
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๋‚˜, ๋„ˆ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค.
03:45
And now we come to had, had.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” had, had์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
This sounds really bizarre, right?
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์ •๋ง ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ฃ ?
03:50
But it's grammatically correct becauseย  this is the past perfect form of the verb.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
Now had, had is used for allย  subjects, so it doesn't change.
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Now had, had๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์ œ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
We use had, had for I, you,ย  ** *** it, we and they.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” had, had for I, you, ** *** it, we ๋ฐ they๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
So this one is easy to remember.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
You just have to remember that had had is the pastย ย 
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had had๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ
04:16
perfect and have had and hasย  had is the present perfect.
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์™„๋ฃŒ์ด๊ณ  have had and has had๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
That's the thing that you need to remember now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
04:26
Native English speakers also use contractions withย  had, had, so you're not going to hear a nativeย ย 
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์˜์–ด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๋“ค๋„ had, had์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ˆ˜์ถ•ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
04:33
speaker say had had very often you'll hear theย  contraction, and the contraction is very subtle.
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์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด had had ๋งค์šฐ ์ž์ฃผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ˆ˜์ถ•ํ˜•์„ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ˆ˜์ถ•ํ˜•์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
It's a very soft sound.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
I'd had, you'd had, he'd had, she'dย  had it had, we'd had, they'd had.
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๋‚˜๋„ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๊ณ , ๋‹น์‹ ๋„ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋„ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋…€๋„ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๊ณ  , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋“ค๋„ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
So it's a very soft sound Added to the subject.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋”ํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
For example, he'd had a busy week.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์œ ํ•œ ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
He'd had a busy week.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์œ ํ•œ ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
So notice it sounds veryย  similar to he had a busy week,ย ย 
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He had a busy week์™€ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋ฐ
05:08
which is just the past simple form of the verb.
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์ด๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
So let's listen to those two sentences again.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
05:14
He had a busy week, He'd had a busy week.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์œ ํ•œ ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์œ ํ•œ ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
Hmm, I say.
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ํ , ๋‚ด ๋ง์€.
05:19
Even a native speaker would have aย  hard time hearing that difference.
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์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด๋ผ๋„ ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
It's the sentence structureย  and the rest of the sentenceย ย 
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05:29
that will let you know if it's aย  simple past or the past perfect.
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๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ธ์ง€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
So you have to pay attention to context as well.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์—๋„ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
So this is a lesson that you're going to have toย  review a few times to get comfortable with it,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณต์Šตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•์˜์ด๋ฉฐ,
05:43
and I definitely recommend that you just takeย  some notes so you remember that difference.
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์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํ•ด ๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
And now I want you to practice.
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์ด์ œ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
So of course I want you to leave a presentย  simple sentence, a past simple sentence,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ๋ฌธ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋‹จ๋ฌธ,
05:58
a present perfect sentence, and bonus points ifย  you can leave a past perfect sentence as well.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฌธ๋„ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ณ , ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฌธ๋„ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์‚ฐ์ ์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
And remember, your conjugationย  depends on the subject.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ™œ์šฉํ˜•์€ ์ฃผ์–ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
06:11
Amazing job.
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์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ด๊ตฐ์š”.
06:13
Now let's expand your vocabulary.
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์ด์ œ ์–ดํœ˜๋ ฅ์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
Native speakers love using idioms.
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์›์–ด๋ฏผ์€ ๊ด€์šฉ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
So you're going to learn 22 idioms that youย  can use in the workplace to press your boss,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์••๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ ,
06:25
impress your clients, and impress your colleagues.
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๊ณ ๊ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ๊นŠ์€ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๊ณ , ๋™๋ฃŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๊นŠ์€ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” 22๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ด€์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
Let's review these idioms now.
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์ด์ œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
Our first idiom to see.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณผ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ด€์šฉ๊ตฌ.
06:33
Eye to eye.
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๋ˆˆ์„ ๋งž๋Œ€๊ณ .
06:34
To see eye to eye.
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๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ.
06:37
This means that you agree withย  someone or that there is agreement.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ท€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋™์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
You could say it's important that the teamย  sees eye to eye on the projects objectives.
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ํŒ€์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ผ์น˜์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
You can commonly use this in the negative to sayย ย 
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ๋ง์€ ๋ถ€์ •์  ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
06:53
we didn't see eye to eye on the projectย  objectives, which means you didn't agree.
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ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ผ์น˜์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
We don't see eye.
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07:00
To eye, our next idiom is very similar.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ด€์šฉ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
It's to be on the same page.
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๊ฐ™์€ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ์žˆ์–ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
This is when you have a sharedย  understanding or agreement.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ณต์œ ๋œ ์ดํ•ด ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
So to see eye to eye is always withย  agreement, but to be on the same pageย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋งž๋Œ€๊ณ  ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋™์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐ™์€ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
07:17
is when you have the same understanding,ย  so similar but slightly different.
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๋™์ผํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
For example we need to be on the same pageย  regarding the timeline for the project.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ์ผ์ •๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™์ผํ•œ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:30
We commonly use this with GET.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ GET๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
We need to get the team on the same page.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŒ€์„ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
So this sounds like right now the team isn't onย  the same page and GET is used for that transition.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ํŒ€์€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ „ํ™˜์— GET์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
So we need to get the team on the same page.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŒ€์„ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
Go from not a general understandingย  to a general understanding.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ดํ•ด๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
07:53
We on the same page.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
I love this one to hit the nail on the head.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ชป์„ ๋ฐ•๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
This means that you describe exactlyย  what is causing a problem or a situation.
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์ด๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
So it's simply your description is 100% correct.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์„ค๋ช…์€ 100% ์ •ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
For example, you really hit theย  nail on the head with your analysis.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ๋”ฑ ๋งž์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
Your analysis was 100% correct.
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๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๋ถ„์„์€ 100% ์ •ํ™•ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
You could also use this.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
Something as the subject and say yourย  analysis hit the nail on the head.
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์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„์ด ๋”ฑ ๋งž์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
08:25
Your analysis was 100% correct.
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๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๋ถ„์„์€ 100% ์ •ํ™•ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
Now don't worry about writing all ofย  these idioms down because I summarizeย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๊ด€์šฉ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ ์–ด ๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
08:33
everything in a free lesson PDF, so youย  can look for the link in the description.
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๊ฐ•์˜ PDF์— ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์š”์•ฝ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
Our next idiom to have a lot on ones plate.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๊ด€์šฉ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ ์ ‘์‹œ์— ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
This.
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08:44
Likely describes you.
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์ด๊ฒƒ.
๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
It describes everyone.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
I have a lot of my plate.
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๋‚ด ์ ‘์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„์š”.
08:49
This means you're very busy or youย  have a lot of tasks to complete.
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์ด๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฐ”์˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ž‘์—…์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ
08:55
You might say I can't take onย  any more projects right now.
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๋งก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:00
I already have a lot on my plate.
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๋‚ด ์ ‘์‹œ์—๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ด๊ฒจ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ผ๊ณ 
09:03
You could also say.
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๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
I have a lot on my plate with the conference.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํšŒ์˜์— ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
So you could specify a specific task.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํŠน์ • ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ง€์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
And then say you have many individualย  tasks for that one item, the conference.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ํšŒ์˜๋ผ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ž‘์—…์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
You have many different things to do.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ•  ์ผ์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค
09:21
I have a lot on my plate with theย  conference to get the hang of.
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:26
This will make you sound very natural.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋งค์šฐ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:28
This is when you become skilledย  with or familiar with something.
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์ด๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Šฅ์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
You could say it took a while, but Iย  finally got the hang of the new software.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ข€ ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์ƒˆ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
So now you're familiar with the software,ย  you're skilled at using the software.
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์ด์ œ ๊ท€ํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์กŒ๊ณ  ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋Šฅ์ˆ™ํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
Or you could say using idioms was tricky at first,ย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” ๊ด€์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กญ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„
09:52
but I got the hang of them and hopefullyย  my videos are helping you do that.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,ย ย  ์ €๋Š” ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์กŒ๊ณ  ์ œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
So put in the comments.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์„ ๋‹ฌ์•„์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
09:59
I got the hang of idioms.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ด€์šฉ๊ตฌ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
I got the hang of idioms.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ด€์šฉ๊ตฌ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:04
Because I'm sure.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.
10:05
You'll get the hang of them veryย  quickly next to cut corners.
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์ž˜๋ฆฐ ๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ ์˜†์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
This is a -1.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ -1์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
When you cut corners, it means youย  do something in the quickest or theย ย 
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๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊นŽ๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
10:16
easiest way possible, but you sacrifice quality.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ํฌ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
Now, hopefully your company says we can'tย  afford to cut corners with our safety measures,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ์ „ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•  ์—ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
and that means your company is going to doย  things properly, even if it takes longer,ย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋”๋ผ๋„, ๋”
10:35
even if it's more expensive, becauseย  they're not willing to sacrifice quality.
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๋งŽ์€ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋“ค๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ํฌ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
And if your company doesn't say that,ย  they'll get a bad reputation and someoneย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜์œ ํ‰ํŒ์„ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š”
10:44
might say don't use that company, they cutย  corners, which is not a positive thing.
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๊ทธ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฝ”๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ญ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
You can't cut corners in life.
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์ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ž˜๋ผ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
A ballpark figure.
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์•ผ๊ตฌ์žฅ ํ”ผ๊ทœ์–ด.
10:55
This is a sports reference, butย  it's extremely common in business.
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์ด๋Š” ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ๊ด€๋ จ ์–ธ๊ธ‰์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:00
You need to know this 1A ballpark figureย  is an approximation or a rough estimate.
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์ด 1A ์•ผ๊ตฌ์žฅ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋žต์ ์ธ ์ถ”์ •์น˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋žต์ ์ธ ์ถ”์ •์น˜๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:07
So someone might ask, can you give me aย  ballpark figure for the budget of the project?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋žต์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
11:13
They're asking you for an estimate, soย  not a specific number, just an estimate.
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๊ฒฌ์ ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ํŠน์ • ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒฌ์ ๋งŒ ์š”๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:21
The person could reply and sayย  we don't have the budget yet,ย ย 
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋‹ต์žฅ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด ์•„์ง ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ด ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
11:25
but if I had to ballpark it if I had to.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์„ ์ฑ…์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
Give you a ballpark figure.
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์•ผ๊ตฌ์žฅ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
11:31
If I had to ballpark it, that'sย  what a native speaker would say.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์•ผ๊ตฌ์žฅ์— ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
If I had to ballpark it, I'd say $100,000.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•ผ๊ตฌ์žฅ์— ์ฃผ์ฐจํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด 100,000๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:40
So that's my estimate of the budget, but it's notย  the exact number, it's just a ballpark figure.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์ถ”์ •์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ˆซ์ž๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋Œ€๋žต์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์น˜์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:48
Take a guess, ballpark figure.
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์•ผ๊ตฌ์žฅ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ธกํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
11:50
Our next one, maybe you knowย  this to be in the same boat.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ์•„๋งˆ ๋‹น์‹ ๋„ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฐ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
Have you heard this one?
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์ด ๋ง ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
11:56
This is when you're in the sameย  difficult situation as someone else.
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๋‹น์‹ ๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:02
We're in the same boat when it comes.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ฌ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
To global.
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๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ๋กœ.
12:05
Warming We're all in the same situation.
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์˜จ๋‚œํ™” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:09
It doesn't matter if it happensย  in India or Africa or New York.
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์ธ๋„, ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด, ๋‰ด์š•์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:15
It affects us all.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
We're all.
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์ „๋ถ€์˜€๋‹ค.
12:17
In the same boat.
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๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฐ์—์„œ.
12:19
I'm in the same boat.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
Back to the drawing board,ย  this one is frequently used.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ „ ์‹œ๋„๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
12:25
This is when you have to start a task orย  project again because your previous attempt.
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์ž‘์—…์ด๋‚˜ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
12:31
Failed for.
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์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:32
Example, the marketing campaign didn't.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:34
Work as expected, so it's back.
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์˜ˆ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
To the drawing board to pull strings.
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๋ˆ์„ ๋‹น๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋“œ๋กœ์ž‰ ๋ณด๋“œ์—.
12:40
Oh, I love this one.
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์•„, ์ด๊ฑฐ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด์š”.
12:43
This is when you use your influenceย  to manipulate or control a situation.
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์ด๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
12:49
For example, she managed to pull someย  strings and get the project approved.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ž์—ด์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ์Šน์ธ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
So this sounds like the project wasn'tย  approved, but she had influence.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์Šน์ธ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:01
Maybe she knew someone on the boardย  that was approving the project,ย ย 
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์Šน์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:07
so she used her relationship with thatย  person to get the project approved.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์Šน์ธ๋ฐ›์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:13
She pulled some strings toย  get the project approved.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ์Šน์ธ์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
13:17
Someone might ask you, how did youย  get VIP tickets to Taylor Swift andย ย 
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ Taylor Swift์˜ VIP ํ‹ฐ์ผ“์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
13:22
you can reply back and say I pulledย  some strings, I pulled some strings.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹ต์žฅํ•˜์—ฌ I pull some strings, I pull some strings๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
Our next idiom to cross one's fingers.
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์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์„ ๊ต์ฐจ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ด€์šฉ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:32
This is used to hope for goodย  luck or a positive outcome.
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ํ–‰์šด์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:36
For example, I'm crossing my fingers thatย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‚˜๋Š”
13:39
the client likes our proposal andย  notice that I'm doing the gesture.
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๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋™์ž‘์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์งˆ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:45
We commonly do the gesture in Northย  America when we use this expression.
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๋ถ๋ฏธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์Šค์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
13:49
We also use this as a reply to say I hope so.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํฌ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹ต์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:54
So someone might say you'll do a great job onย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์„ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„
13:57
the presentation and you canย  simply say fingers crossed.
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์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์ด ๊ต์ฐจํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:01
But it's very to do the gesture.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ์Šค์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:04
Does this gesture exist in your culture?
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์ด ์ œ์Šค์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์— ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
14:07
Let us know in the comments.
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๋Œ“๊ธ€์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
14:08
Say yes it does.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
14:09
Or no, it doesn't.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:11
I'm really curious to know, fingers crossed,ย  how about this idiom to be on the ball?
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์ •๋ง ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์ด ๊ต์ฐจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ด€์šฉ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
14:17
Do you know this one?
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์ด๊ฑฐ ์•„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
14:18
This means that you're alert andย  quick to understand or respond.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ท€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๊ณ  ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‘๋‹ตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:23
So this is a +1.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ +1์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:25
Your boss might say Our team needs to beย  on the ball to meet the tight deadline.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํŒ€์ด ๋นก๋นกํ•œ ๋งˆ๊ฐ ๊ธฐํ•œ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:31
So the team needs to be very quick, very alert.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํŒ€์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:35
They need to be on the ball.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณต์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:37
Our next idiom to throw in the towel.
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์ˆ˜๊ฑด์— ๋˜์งˆ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ด€์šฉ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:40
I hope you never do this.
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์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:43
This means to give up or surrender.
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ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•ญ๋ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค.
14:46
So if you say English idioms are so confusingย  I'm throwing in the towel, it means you'reย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜์–ด ๊ด€์šฉ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ €๋Š” ํฌ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ท€ํ•˜๊ฐ€
14:53
closing this video, you're unsubscribingย  from my channel, and you're quitting.
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์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ๋‹ซ๊ณ , ๋‚ด ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋… ์ทจ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ , ํƒˆํ‡ดํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:59
So please don't throw in the towel.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ˆ˜๊ฑด์„ ๋˜์ง€์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
15:03
She's throwing in the towel.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๊ฑด์„ ๋˜์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
15:04
So put in the comments.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์„ ๋‹ฌ์•„์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
15:06
I won't throw in the towel.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๊ฑด์„ ๋˜์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
15:07
I won't throw in the towel because sometimesย  it might seem difficult, but keep at it.
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ˆ˜๊ฑด์„ ๋˜์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณ„์† ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
15:12
I know you'll get the hang ofย  it #14 to have one's hands tied.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์†์„ ๋ฌถ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ #14์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:19
This means you're unable to take actionย  because of external all circumstances.
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์ด๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
15:25
So maybe you ask your boss for an extra day ofย  vacation and your boss says I'd like to help,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ๋” ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”์ฒญ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„์™€์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
15:33
but my hands are tied due to company policy.
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ •์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ œ ์†์ด ๋ฌถ์—ฌ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:37
So the external situation orย  circumstance is the company policy.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ •์ฑ…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:43
It.
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15:43
Forbids additional vacation days,ย  so your boss can't do anything.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ.
์ถ”๊ฐ€ ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:49
Your boss's hands are tied.
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์ƒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์†์ด ๋ฌถ์—ฌ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:52
So to deliver bad news, a native speaker willย  commonly say Sorry, my hands are tied my.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‚˜์œ ์†Œ์‹์„ ์ „ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ '๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•ด์š”, ๋‚ด ์†์ด ๋ฌถ์—ฌ ์žˆ์–ด์š”'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:59
Hands are tied.
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์†์ด ๋ฌถ์—ฌ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:01
Next to burn the midnightย  oil, something I never do.
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ํ•œ๋ฐค์ค‘์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์„ ํƒœ์šฐ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:06
This is when you work late into the night.
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๋ฐค๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:10
For example, we had to burn the midnightย  oil oil in order to meet the deadline.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋งˆ๊ฐ์ผ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•œ๋ฐค์ค‘์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์„ ํƒœ์›Œ์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:15
So I said this is something I never do.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:18
And that's because I believe that I'm moreย  productive if I sleep for eight hours.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ 8์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ž๋ฉด ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์ด ๋” ๋†’๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:24
So I would rather sleep for 8 hours andย  then the next day I'll be very productive.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฐจ๋ผ๋ฆฌ 8์‹œ๊ฐ„๋งŒ ์ž๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‚  ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์•„์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:30
If I burn the midnight oil, I'm going to waste anย  entire day because I'm not going to be productive.
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ํ•œ๋ฐค์ค‘์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์„ ํƒœ์›Œ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ ๋‚ญ๋น„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:35
That's just my personal opinionย  next to throw someone under the bus.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฒ„์Šค ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:40
Oh, this is a good one.
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์•„, ์ด๊ฑฐ ์ข‹์€๋ฐ์š”.
16:43
This is when you blame someone else,ย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋น„๋‚œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
16:45
or sacrifice someone for personalย  gain or to avoid being blamed.
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์ด์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„๋‚œ์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํฌ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:54
So let's say two Co workers.
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๋‘ ๋ช…์˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ ์ง์›์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:56
Worked on a project together but then oneย  Co worker publicly said the other Co workerย ย 
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ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•œ ๋™๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์‹คํŒจํ•œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™๋ฃŒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:05
is the reason why the project failed evenย  though they made all decisions together.
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.
17:12
That coworker is going to beย  upset and they can say I can'tย ย 
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๊ทธ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋Š” ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
17:16
believe she threw me under the bus at the meeting.
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ํšŒ์˜์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋ฒ„์Šค ๋ฐ‘์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:20
Sheldon.
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์‰˜๋“ .
17:21
Threw us all under the bus.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ๋ฒ„์Šค ๋ฐ‘์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์ ธ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์–ด์š”
17:23
#17 to be on thin ice.
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#17์€ ์–‡์€ ์–ผ์Œ ์œ„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:26
This is when you're in aย  risky or dangerous situation.
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์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:30
So let's say your boss says to you.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
17:32
This is the.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด.
17:33
Third time, you're late.
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋Šฆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
17:35
You're on thin ice.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์–‡์€ ์–ผ์Œ ์œ„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:37
That's not a good position to be, because it meansย  that you're in a risky or dangerous situation.
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์ด๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ข‹์€ ์ž…์žฅ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:43
In this case, you're at risk of losing your job.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ง์žฅ์„ ์žƒ์„ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:48
You're on thin ice, so management will say thisย  to you to let you know that you're in trouble.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์‚ด์–ผ์ŒํŒ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด ๋ง์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:56
You're on thin ice.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์–‡์€ ์–ผ์Œ ์œ„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:58
Next to hit a snag, this probablyย  happens to people every single day.
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๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋ถ€๋”ชํžŒ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋งค์ผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:03
This is when you encounter unexpectedย  problems, challenges, or difficulties.
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์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ, ์–ด๋ ค์›€, ์–ด๋ ค์›€์— ์ง๋ฉดํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:09
So let's say you're about to launch a newย  product and everything is going perfectly.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์ถœ์‹œํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:15
But then we hit a snag when the supplierย  couldn't deliver the materials on time.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์—…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ž์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๋•Œ์— ๋ฐฐ์†กํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋‚œ๊ด€์— ๋ถ€๋”ชํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:21
But don't throw in the towel because I'm.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ˜๊ฑด์„ ๋˜์ง€์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:23
Sure you can work.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:25
Through it.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด.
18:26
#19 to keep ones eyes.
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#19 ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋–ผ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
18:28
Peeled.
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๊ป์งˆ์„ ๋ฒ—๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:29
This is when you stay alert andย  watchful for something specific.
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์ด๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๊ณ  ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๋Š” ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:34
Your coworker.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ.
18:35
Could say keep your eyes peeledย  for any updates on the project?
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ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
18:39
Deadly line.
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์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๋ผ์ธ.
18:40
So your coworker is.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋Š”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:41
Telling you to.
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๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:42
Watch carefully for those updates.
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ํ•ด๋‹น ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์˜ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
18:46
Keep your eyes peeled.
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๋ˆˆ์„ ๋–ผ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
18:48
#21 that your boss is going to love.
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์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•  #21.
18:50
To cut a deal.
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๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์„ฑ์‚ฌ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด.
18:52
This is when you reach anย  agreement, so an agreement.
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์ด๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ฉ์˜์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ฆ‰ ํ•ฉ์˜์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:55
Is a positive.
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๊ธ์ •์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:56
Thing your boss will be happy, but thisย  usually happens after a period of negotiation.
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์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ปํ•  ์ผ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์ • ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ˜‘์ƒ ํ›„์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:02
You could say it took us a while, but we finally.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ข€ ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:06
Cut a deal.
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๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
19:08
Got a new deal?
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ๋งบ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
19:10
#21 to be up in the air.
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#21 ๊ณต์ค‘์— ๋–  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
19:13
This is when things are uncertain,ย  undecided or unresolved.
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์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:18
For example, the conference is up in the air,ย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์†ก ์ค‘์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
19:21
so it's uncertain if you're even goingย  to have a conference or the status of it.
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ํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ ์—ด ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ํšŒ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:26
The planning of it, Everything isย  uncertain, undecided, unresolved.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ณ„ํš, ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ , ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:31
It's up in the air.
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๊ณต์ค‘์— ๋–  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:33
Or you could say our plans are up in the air.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์‹คํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ง
19:36
Nothing has been decided, that's.
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๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ ๋ฐ”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:40
Up in the air.
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๊ณต์ค‘์œผ๋กœ.
19:41
And finally #22 in the works.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ 22์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์—… ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:45
In the works, this means in progress.
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์ž‘์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:48
So currently being developed or finalized.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ค‘์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:52
The conference is in the works.
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์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:54
We're working on it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:55
We're developing it, We're finalizing it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:58
Our plans are in the works.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:01
So they're not up in the air anymore.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ณต์ค‘์— ๋– ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:03
They're in the works.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž‘์—… ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:05
Oh, you are going to have so muchย  fun using those idioms at work.
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์•„, ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ๊ด€์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์ •๋ง ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
20:10
Now let's keep going, because you needย  to improve your listening skills soย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
20:14
you can understand native speakers the first time.
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์ฒ˜์Œ์— ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:17
Adding idioms to your speechย  is a great way to do that,ย ย 
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์—ฐ์„ค์— ๊ด€์šฉ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
20:21
but let me share some other strategies as well.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ „๋žต๋„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:24
Right now, here's how this lesson will work.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:27
I'm.
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๋‚˜๋Š”.
20:28
Going to say a sentence at a fastย  pace three times and you need toย ย 
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๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋“ค์€
20:33
write down exactly what you hear in the comments.
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๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:37
Are you ready?
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์ค€๋น„ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
20:38
Let's start your first listening exercise.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:40
I'll say it three times.
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:42
I'm a little rusty.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋…น์Šฌ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
20:45
I'm a little rusty.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋…น์Šฌ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
20:47
I'm a little rusty.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋…น์Šฌ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
20:49
Did you get this one?
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์ด๊ฑฐ ๋ฐ›์•˜์–ด?
20:51
I said I'm a little rusty now.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ข€ ๋…น์Šฌ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
20:54
Notice here I'm using a contraction.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ถ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:57
I'm this is I am, I'm.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค, ๋‚˜๋Š”.
21:00
Now let's talk about a little.
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์ด์ œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
21:03
Notice I didn't pronounce those T's.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ T๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Œ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
21:06
I pronounce them as soft D's.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ D๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์Œํ•œ๋‹ค.
21:08
A little, little the the little.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ, ์กฐ๊ธˆ, ์กฐ๊ธˆ.
21:13
And I connected them together a little, a little.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:16
Now sometimes native speakers will completely dropย ย 
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด
21:20
those d's and they won't pronounce itย  at all, and it will sound like Lil.
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๊ทธ d๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒ๋žตํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ Lil์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:26
And then again, you connect it with the ah, aย  little, a little a little rusty, a little rusty.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ '์•„, ์กฐ๊ธˆ, ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋…น์Šฌ์—ˆ์–ด, ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋…น์Šฌ์—ˆ์–ด'์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:33
A little rusty.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋…น์Šจ.
21:34
Now, what does it mean to be a little rusty?
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์ž, ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋…น์Šฌ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
21:39
Rusty is an adjective.
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๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:41
So for sentence.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด.
21:42
Structure.
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21:42
You need to use the verb to be to be rusty.
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๊ตฌ์กฐ.
๋…น์Šฌ๋ ค๋ฉด be ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:46
I'm a little rusty.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋…น์Šฌ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
21:48
She's a little rusty.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋…น์Šฌ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:50
This is when a skill or an abilityย  isn't as good as it used to be.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๋‚˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์˜ˆ์ „๋งŒํผ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:58
Why?
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์™œ?
21:59
Because of lack of practice.
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์—ฐ์Šต์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ด์„œ.
22:02
So pay attention, English learners,ย  because you don't want to say.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์ž ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„, ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.ย ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
22:07
I'm a little.
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22:07
Rusty with my English?
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ์ด๋‹ค.
๋‚ด ์˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋…น์Šฌ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
22:09
You don't want to say that.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:11
You definitely don't want to say.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ๊ฐ„
22:13
I haven't watched AJ Force English lessonย  in months, so my English is a little rusty.
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AJ Force English ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ ์˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์„œํˆด๋Ÿฌ์š”.
22:22
That doesn't describe youย  right, so put in the comments.
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๊ท€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋‹ˆ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์„ ๋‹ฌ์•„์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
22:26
I'm not rusty.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋…น์Šฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:28
I'm not rusty because you'reย  watching this lesson right now.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ €๋Š” ๋…น์Šฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
22:31
You're practicing your English,ย  which means you're not rusty.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋…น์Šฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:35
I'm not rusty.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋…น์Šฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:36
Put it in the comments.
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๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ ์–ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
22:38
You can use this with any skill or ability.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๋‚˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:42
It's commonly used with sports.
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์Šคํฌ์ธ ์— ํ”ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:45
Let's say you play tennis.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์นœ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด๋ณด์ž.
22:47
But it's winter right now, so youย  can't play tennis because it's winter.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ฒจ์šธ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ฒจ์šธ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์š”.
22:52
You might say I haven't played tennisย  in six months, so I'm very rusty.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ 6๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ ๋…น์Šฌ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
23:00
So notice in the sentence I said I'm very rusty.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋…น์Šฌ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
23:05
You could also talk about thisย  specific skill or ability.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ํŠน์ • ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๋‚˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
23:08
You could say my serve, my tennisย  serve, my serve is very rusty.
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๋‚ด ์„œ๋ธŒ, ๋‚ด ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์„œ๋ธŒ, ๋‚ด ์„œ๋ธŒ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋…น์Šฌ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:15
Well.
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23:15
My latin's a little rusty, look pretty rusty.
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์ž˜.
๋‚ด ๋ผํ‹ด์–ด๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋…น์Šฌ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ฝค ๋…น์Šฌ์–ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:19
I'm very rusty.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋…น์Šฌ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:20
Let's try this again.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:21
I'll say it three times.
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:24
We tweaked the plan.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:26
We tweaked the plan.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:29
We tweaked the plan.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:31
Did you get this one?
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์ด๊ฑฐ ๋ฐ›์•˜์–ด?
23:33
I said we tweaked the plan.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
23:36
Now notice the pronunciation of tweak.
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์ด์ œ Tweak์˜ ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:40
This is in the past simple, soย  it's an Ed verb, but because.
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์ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ Ed ๋™์‚ฌ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด.
23:45
The verb ends on a.
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๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” a๋กœ ๋๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:47
We need a soft T so it's not tweaked.
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์กฐ์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด T๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:52
That's incorrect.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:53
Is tweaked, tweaked.
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์ˆ˜์ •๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์ˆ˜์ •๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:56
But when you use this in aย  sentence and there are words after,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋’ค์— ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
24:01
you're going to drop that T sound entirely.
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T ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์‚ญ์ œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:04
So notice how tweaked the sounds in this sentence.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
24:09
We tweak the plan.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:11
It just sounds like the present simple tweak.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์กฐ์ •์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:13
It's the context that will make it obviousย ย 
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24:16
that I'm talking about a pastย  action, not the pronunciation.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์Œ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:21
What does it mean to tweakย  something when you tweak something?
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ •ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
24:25
You change it slightly, so just.
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„๋งŒ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:28
A little.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ.
24:29
And you do that to make it more correct or more.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:33
Effective.
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ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ.
24:34
Uncle Jim's tweaking the five things plan.
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Jim ์‚ผ์ดŒ์ด 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:36
So let's say your friend or Coย  worker wants you to review aย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์ด
24:40
speech they wrote and you really likeย  it, but you don't like the conclusion.
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์ž‘์„ฑํ•œ ์—ฐ์„ค์„ ๊ท€ํ•˜์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ท€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์•„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์€ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:46
You might say your speech is great,ย  but I'd tweak the conclusion if.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์—ฐ์„ค์ด ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:52
I were you?
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
24:53
So you're suggesting thatย  they make a slight change,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ž๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
24:56
a small change to the conclusion to make it?
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๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
25:00
Better.
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25:00
More effective?
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๋” ๋‚˜์€.
๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ?
25:02
I do have one small tweak.
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์ž‘์€ ์กฐ์ •์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:03
Sorry, you have a tweak.
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์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์ • ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:04
Now we also use this to make the changesย  that we've made sound less significant,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๋œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
25:11
so to sound small, so if someoneย  gets upset because you changed.
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์ž‘์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:16
Their.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜.
25:17
Speech or presentation or plan, youย  can say, Oh no, no, I didn't change it.
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์—ฐ์„ค์ด๋‚˜ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ„ํš์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ' ์•„, ์•„๋ƒ, ์•„๋ƒ, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:23
I We just tweaked it, whichย  means you did change it,ย ย 
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I ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์กฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์…จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:27
but you only did it slightly a very small amount.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ฃผ ์ ์€ ์–‘๋งŒ ์‚ด์ง ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์‹  ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:31
I just tweaked it.
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๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:33
And we tweaked.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์กฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:35
It let's try this again.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:36
I'll say it three times.
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:39
Keep an eye out for him.
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๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์˜๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
25:41
Keep an eye out for him.
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๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์˜๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
25:43
Keep an eye out for him.
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๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์˜๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
25:46
Did you hear what I said?
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋ง ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด?
25:48
I said keep an eye out for him.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
25:51
Now let's talk about an I out,ย  because native speakers willย ย 
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์ด์ œ I out์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์€
25:56
combine all these sounds togetherย  so it sounds like one an IO and IO.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ IO์™€ IO๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:02
And notice that I didn't say for him.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•ด์„œ ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
26:06
I dropped that H sound on him and it sounded likeย  M4M forum and then it also sounds like one word.
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H ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ ธ๋”๋‹ˆ M4M ํฌ๋Ÿผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋”๋‹ˆ ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:15
Keep an eye out forum.
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ํฌ๋Ÿผ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
26:17
Let's take a look at the grammar.
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์˜
26:18
Because notice keep this is the base verb,ย  so that means it's the imperative verb tense.
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ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ช…๋ นํ˜• ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:26
And I'm using this because I'mย  giving an order or a command.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ช…๋ น์ด๋‚˜ ๋ช…๋ น์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
26:31
Keep an eye out for him.
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๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์˜๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
26:33
I'm not asking, I'm telling.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์˜
26:36
Just keep an eye out.
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๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
26:37
This is an expression, and it means that youย  watch carefully for someone or something.
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์ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ, ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์„ ์ฃผ์˜ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:45
So let's say you're.
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26:45
Driving along and you have car.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ • ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์šด์ „ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:48
Troubles.
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๊ทผ์‹ฌ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ.
26:49
Maybe you get a flat tire, so you have to.
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ํƒ€์ด์–ด๊ฐ€ ํŽ‘ํฌ๋‚  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:51
Pull.
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๋‹น๊ธฐ๋‹ค.
26:52
To the side of the road now while you're.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ธธ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”.
26:55
Trying to fix the car?
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์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์น˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
26:57
Maybe you tell your friendย  keep an eye out for other cars.
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์นœ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:02
So.
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27:02
Watch carefully for other cars soย  you can say help, help, we need help.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ. ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ฃผ์˜ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š” .
27:07
Or you might say, keep an eye out forย  snakes, because maybe you're in the desert.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ง€๊ธˆ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์— ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๋ฑ€์„ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:12
Don't keep an eye out.
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์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
27:14
We use this a lot in the workplace.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:17
Let's say you're expecting a deliveryย  but you have to leave to go to a meeting.
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๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํšŒ์˜์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋– ๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:22
You might say to your Coย  worker, I'm going to a meeting.
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๋™๋ฃŒ์—๊ฒŒ ' ๋‚˜๋Š” ํšŒ์˜์— ๊ฐˆ ์˜ˆ์ •'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:27
Can you keep an eye out for the delivery?
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๋ฐฐ์†ก ์ข€ ์ง€์ผœ๋ด์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
27:29
So you're asking your Co worker to watchย  for the delivery, but watch carefully.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™๋ฃŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์†ก์„ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ฃผ์˜ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:35
Thank you.
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27:35
Keep an eye out.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์˜ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ
์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
27:37
Let's try this.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
27:38
One more time.
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27:38
I'll say it three times.
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋”.
์„ธ ๋ฒˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:41
Can you show her the ropes?
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๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐง์ค„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
27:43
Can you show her the ropes?
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๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐง์ค„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
27:46
Can you show her the ropes?
455
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๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐง์ค„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
27:49
Do you know what I said?
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์„ธ์š”?
27:50
I said.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
27:51
Can you show her?
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๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
27:53
The ropes.
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๋ฐง์ค„.
27:54
Now notice can.
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์ด์ œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:56
Because this is an auxiliaryย  verb, it's not the main verb.
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์ด๋Š” ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:01
It's pronounced as kin kin.
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kin kin์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค
28:04
It's an unstressed sound.
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๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:05
Kin.
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ํ˜ˆ์—ฐ.
28:06
Can you show?
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๋ณด์—ฌ ์ค„๋ž˜?
28:07
Because show is the main verb.
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show๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:09
Can you show her now?
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
28:11
Here her same thing.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ทธ๋…€๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:13
We can drop that H and it willย  sound like ER, can you show her?
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H๋ฅผ ๋นผ๋ฉด ER์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
28:18
I'm happy to show her the.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ๊ธฐ์˜๋‹ค.
28:19
Ropes.
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๋กœํ”„.
28:20
When you show someone the ropesย  and notice ropes is always plural.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐง์ค„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ๋•Œ, ๋ฐง์ค„์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:26
When you show someone theย  ropes, this is an expression,ย ย 
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐง์ค„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ๋•Œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด๋ฉฐ,
28:29
and we use it when you show someone howย  to do a job or an activity or a task.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ์ด๋‚˜ ํ™œ๋™ ๋˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:37
So if there's a new employeeย  or a new member on your team.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํŒ€์— ์ƒˆ ์ง์›์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒˆ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:43
Your boss might.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:44
Ask you Can you show her the ropes?
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๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐง์ค„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
28:46
And you can say I'm happy to show herย  the ropes, and if you're the new employeeย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์š”๋ น์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ๊ธฐ์˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ,
28:53
receiving the training after, you can sayย  thanks so much for showing me the ropes.
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์ดํ›„์— ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์‹ ์ž…์‚ฌ์›์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์š”๋ น์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค˜์„œ ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:00
Like no one showed me the ropes.
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐง์ค„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ.
29:02
Don't worry, we showed her the ropes.
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๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:03
Then Dr.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ
29:04
Yang is showing him the ropes.
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Yang ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ์š”๋ น์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:06
Now let's do an imitation exercise soย  you can practice your pronunciation.
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์ด์ œ ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ชจ๋ฐฉ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:11
I'm going to say each sentence threeย  times and I want you to repeat.
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๊ฐ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ 3๋ฒˆ์”ฉ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ˆ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:16
Rate each sentence out loud.
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๊ฐ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ํฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
29:19
I'm a little rusty.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋…น์Šฌ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
29:21
I'm a little rusty.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋…น์Šฌ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
29:24
I'm a little rusty.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋…น์Šฌ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
29:27
We tweak the plan.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:30
We tweak the plan.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:33
We tweak the plan.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:36
Keep an eye out for him.
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๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์˜๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
29:39
Keep an eye out for him.
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๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์˜๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
29:43
Keep an eye out for him.
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๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์˜๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
29:47
Can you show her the robes?
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๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์šด์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
29:49
Can you show her the robes?
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๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์šด์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
29:52
Can you show her the robes?
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๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์šด์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
29:55
You're doing an amazing job.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:57
You'll already be able to understand nativeย  speakers better, But native speakers?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
30:02
We use slang in our speech, and there's veryย  common slang that we use again and again andย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฐ์„คํ•  ๋•Œ ์†์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์†์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
30:11
that you'll hear Youtubers, tik, tokers,ย  and other people on movies TV shows use.
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YouTube ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž, tik, toker ๋ฐ ์˜ํ™” TV ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ์ถœ์—ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:18
So let's review the most commonย  slang that native speakers useย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ
30:22
so you can understand us in all situations.
504
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์†์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณต์Šตํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:27
First, is legit.
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์ฒซ์งธ, ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:29
That movie was legit.
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๊ทธ ์˜ํ™”๋Š” ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:31
She's legit.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:32
Do you know what this means?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
30:34
Legit is short for legitimate,ย  So we just take that first part.
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Legit์€ ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์˜ ์•ฝ์ž ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:39
Legit, legitimate.
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ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:41
And in this context, legit means awesome, great,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ต‰์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค, ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๋‹ค,
30:46
or the real deal, which isย  another slight expression.
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๋˜๋Š” ์ง„์งœ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:50
So if you think that this YouTubeย  channel is awesome, great, it's.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด YouTube ์ฑ„๋„์ด ์ •๋ง ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:54
The real deal?
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์ง„์งœ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜? ์˜์–ด ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„
30:56
In the sense that it truly helps you improveย  your English communication skills, you can say J.
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ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ J.
31:03
Four is English.
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Four๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:04
Is legit, so put that in the commentsย  because you'll sound really cool.
517
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ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ ์–ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
31:10
Just like a native speaker.
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
31:11
Your favorite tik tokker.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ‹ฑํ†ก์ปค.
31:13
Your favorite YouTube.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ.
31:15
She's legit next.
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๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:16
Salty.
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์ง .
31:17
Don't be so salty.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์งญ์งคํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ตด์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
31:19
Why are you?
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๋„ˆ๋Š” ์™œ?
31:20
Salty salty means irritated, annoyed or bitter.
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์ง ๋ง›์€ ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์“ด๋ง›์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:26
Bitter meaning just unpleasant to be around.
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Bitter๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถˆ์พŒํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:30
A negative person, negative energy, negative.
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€, ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ.
31:34
The vibes.
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๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ.
31:35
You don't want that.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:36
So you could say I try to avoid saltyย  people and surround myself with positive.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์—ฌ ์žˆ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
31:43
People.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค.
31:44
And I love reading the comments sectionย  because everyone is so positive.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋Œ“๊ธ€ ์„น์…˜์„ ์ฝ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:50
Sometimes I get salty comments, but that'sย  normal in general, everyone is very positive.
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๊ฐ€๋” ์ง ํ•œ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:56
So thank you so much for not being salty.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ด์š”.
32:00
Let's talk about Flex, Someone might say.
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Flex์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:03
She's always flexing about her adorable cats.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ณ ์–‘์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:06
To flex means.
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๊ตฌ๋ถ€๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:08
To show off or to boast to boastย  is simply when you talk about yourย ย 
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์ž๋ž‘ํ•˜๋‹ค ๋˜๋Š” ์ž๋ž‘ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ž์‹ ์˜
32:14
achievements in a very positive way, butย  they're your own achievements now to.
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์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:22
Flex is this.
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ํ”Œ๋ ‰์Šค๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:24
Motion right now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ชจ์…˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:25
Notice I don't have any muscles.
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์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทผ์œก์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:28
But if you go to the gym, a lot of guys will flex.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฒด์œก๊ด€์— ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚จ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ชธ์„ ๊ตฝํž ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:32
In the mirror to show off theirย  muscles, to show off, to boast.
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๊ฑฐ์šธ ์†์—์„œ ๊ทผ์œก์„ ๊ณผ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณผ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž๋ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:37
So that's where this expression comes from.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:40
Now, to be honest, I do flex about my cats a lot.
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์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ณ ์–‘์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์ด ๊ณ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:44
But they're so adorable, how could?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œ์š”. ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ ?
32:47
I not flex about them, They are just the best.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ตฝํžˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ตœ๊ณ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:52
I hope my flexing doesn't make you salty.
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๋‚ด ๋ชธ๋ถ€๋ฆผ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์ง ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:55
Next, let's talk about shady.
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ Shady์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
32:57
That e-mail looks shady.
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๊ทธ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์ด ์ด์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๊ตฐ์š”.
32:59
I wouldn't click that link if I were you.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:02
Or maybe don't partner with him.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:04
He's shady.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ƒํ•˜๋‹ค.
33:05
Do you know what this means to be shady?
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๊ทธ๋Š˜์ด ์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ธ์ง€ ์•„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
33:08
So it's an adjective.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์˜
33:10
It's used when something like a linkย  in an e-mail or someone is suspicious,ย ย 
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๋งํฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์˜์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ• 
33:18
not trustworthy or deceitful.
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์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:22
Because he's being shady.
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ˆ˜์ƒ์ฉ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
33:24
Now let's talk.
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์ด์ œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
33:25
About low key, the party was pretty low key.
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๋กœ์šฐ ํ‚ค์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋Š” ๊ฝค ๋กœ ํ‚ค์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:29
What does that mean?
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ด์—์š”?
33:31
You know it means the party was calm, not intense.
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ฐจ๋ถ„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:36
But keep in mind this isn't a negative thing.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
33:40
Some people might not enjoy low keyย  parties, but other people may prefer them.
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์†Œ๋ฐ•ํ•œ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:46
So it isn't negative.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:48
It just depends on your preference.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋„์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:50
For example, I just want a low key.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ €๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ‚ค๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:54
Birthday party so you can let the people.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์ผํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ํ—ˆ๋ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก.
33:57
Planning your party?
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ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„ํš ์ค‘์ด์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
33:58
Know that you want something calm.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ฐจ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
34:00
Relaxed.
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ํŽธ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:02
Dinner.
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34:02
Something casual.
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์ €๋….
์บ์ฃผ์–ผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ.
34:03
Low key.
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๋‚ฎ์€ ํ‚ค.
34:04
How about this one that?
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์ด๊ฑด ์–ด๋•Œ์š”?
34:05
Party.
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ํŒŒํ‹ฐ.
34:06
Was Cray Cray?
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ํฌ๋ ˆ์ด ํฌ๋ ˆ์ด์˜€๋‚˜์š”?
34:08
Do you know what Cray Cray means?
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ํฌ๋ ˆ์ด ํฌ๋ ˆ์ด(Cray Cray)๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ธ์ง€ ์•„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
34:10
Cray Cray is the same as crazy.
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ํฌ๋ ˆ์ด ํฌ๋ ˆ์ด๋Š” ๋ฏธ์นœ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™๋‹ค.
34:13
We just take the Cray from crazyย  and for some reason we say it twice.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” Cray๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ์นœ ๋“ฏ์ด ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ์ด์œ ์—์„œ์ธ์ง€ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:20
Why?
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34:20
I have no idea.
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์™œ?
๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค.
34:22
Someone did it on TikTok and itย  went viral and now all native.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ TikTok์—์„œ ์ด ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ž…์†Œ๋ฌธ์ด ๋‚ฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋„ค์ดํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:26
Speakers do it.
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์Šคํ”ผ์ปค๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:27
That party was.
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๊ทธ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋žฌ์–ด์š”.
34:28
Cray Cray Crazy.
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ํฌ๋ ˆ์ด ํฌ๋ ˆ์ด ๋ฏธ์นœ.
34:30
Intense.
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๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ.
34:31
Hence the opposite of low key.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋กœ์šฐ ํ‚ค์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:34
We also use this with people.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:35
My mother-in-law is Cray Cray you.
591
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ํฌ๋ ˆ์ด ํฌ๋ ˆ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:38
Girls are Cray Cray.
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์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ํฌ๋ ˆ์ด ํฌ๋ ˆ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:40
How about this one?
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์ด๊ฑด ์–ด๋•Œ?
34:41
Sam's being so extra.
594
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์ƒ˜์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•ด์š”.
34:44
Do you know what that means?
595
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๋„ˆ๋Š”์ด ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์•„๋‹ˆ?
34:46
Well, I didn't know whatย  this meant a few months ago.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ์ „์—๋Š” ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ธ์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:50
In fact, this is exactlyย  what my friend said to me.
597
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ €ํ•œํ…Œ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ง์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
34:54
Her husband's name is Sam and she saidย  Sam's being so extra and I said extra what?
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋‚จํŽธ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ Sam์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” Sam์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
35:05
Extra what 100%?
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์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋ฌด์Šจ 100%?
35:07
I'm not.
600
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35:07
Lying, that is, exactly.
601
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๋‚œ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
35:09
How?
602
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ?
35:10
I replied.
603
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35:10
I said.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
35:11
Extra what?
605
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์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡?
35:13
Because usually it.
606
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920
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ณดํ†ต ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
35:14
Sounds being so extra nice,ย  extra mean extra annoying.
607
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ณ , ๋” ์งœ์ฆ๋‚œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:21
You include an adjective to complete it, right?
608
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์™„์„ฑํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
35:25
So I was confused and I had to learn thisย  expression from my friend to be extra.
609
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ—ท๊ฐˆ๋ ค์„œ ์นœ๊ตฌํ•œํ…Œ ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
35:31
In this case, extra is the adjective.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ extra๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:34
To be extra means dramatic or excessive.
611
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extra๋Š” ๊ทน์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:40
So why did my friend thinkย  her husband was being extra?
612
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์™œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋‚จํŽธ์ด ์—‘์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
35:45
Well, maybe she could say to me.
613
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:47
I asked him to clean the kitchenย  and he made a big deal of it.
614
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์—Œ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€ํƒํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:51
He's being so.
615
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:52
Extra.
616
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์ถ”๊ฐ€์˜.
35:54
Yeah, he was so extra, right?
617
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์‘, ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ •๋ง ์—‘์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ์˜€์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€?
35:55
How about this one?
618
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์ด๊ฑด ์–ด๋•Œ?
35:56
Samara's so flaky.
619
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1920
์‚ฌ๋งˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•ด์š”.
35:58
Samara's such a flake.
620
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์‚ฌ๋งˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:00
Do you know what this means?
621
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
36:02
We have flaky or a flake.
622
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๋ฒ—๊ฒจ์ง์ด๋‚˜ ์กฐ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:05
They mean the same thing.
623
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:07
And this means unreliable or inconsistent.
624
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์ด๋Š” ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์—†์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:11
Truth.
625
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์ง„์‹ค.
36:12
He's a total flake.
626
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์™„์ „ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ์•ผ.
36:14
Let's say you asked your friend toย  take you to the airport to confirmย ย 
627
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์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ณตํ•ญ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐ๋ ค๋‹ค ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
36:21
that your friend is in fact going toย  pick you up and take you to the airport.
628
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์นœ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณตํ•ญ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐ๋ ค๋‹ค ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:27
Because sometimes your friend is a flake.
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐŒ์งˆํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:29
Sometimes your friend is flaky, unreliable.
630
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜ํ•œํ…Œ
36:32
You can confirm by saying don't flakeย  out on me, don't flake out on me.
631
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์–•๋ณด์ง€ ๋งˆ, ๋‚˜ํ•œํ…Œ ์–•๋ณด์ง€ ๋งˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
36:38
So you're confirming with your friendย  that she isn't going to be a flake?
632
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์นœ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์—‰๋šฑํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
36:43
And she is in fact going to pickย  you up and take you to the airport.
633
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ณตํ•ญ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐ๋ ค๋‹ค ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:48
So your friend can reply backย  and say I promise I won't.
634
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ต์žฅ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•ฝ์†ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:52
Flake out?
635
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ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํฌ ์•„์›ƒ?
36:53
How about lit?
636
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์กฐ๋ช…์€ ์–ด๋•Œ์š”?
36:55
The party was lit.
637
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ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ๋ถˆ์ด ๋ถ™์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:56
The concerts gonna be lit.
638
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์ฝ˜์„œํŠธ์— ๋ถˆ์ด ์ผœ์งˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
36:59
To be lit means exciting,ย  impressive or highly enjoyable.
639
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์กฐ๋ช…์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํฅ๋ฏธ์ง„์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ธ์ƒ์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งค์šฐ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:04
You guys, my next video is gonna be lit.
640
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„, ์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์˜์ƒ์€ ์กฐ๋ช…์ด ๋  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
37:08
So I'm letting you know my nextย  video is going to be awesome.
641
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:12
So make sure you watch it.
642
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ผญ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋ถˆ์ด
37:13
It's gonna be lit.
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์ผœ์งˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
37:15
This party is.
644
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์ด ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋Š”.
37:16
Totally lit.
645
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ผœ์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:17
This party is gonna be so lit.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
37:19
Well, what if I say the movie was a flop?
647
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๊ทธ ์˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‹คํŒจ์ž‘์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
37:22
What does that mean?
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ด์—์š”?
37:24
A flop to be a flop.
649
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ํ”Œ๋กญ์€ ํ”Œ๋กญ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:26
That.
650
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์ €๊ฒƒ.
37:27
Was a total flop.
651
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์ด ์‹คํŒจ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:28
This means unsuccessful,ย  disappointing or not well received.
652
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์ด๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ค๋ง์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ˜ธํ‰์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:34
So ultimately people didn't like it.
653
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:37
It was a flop, so you might have a great idea forย  something, but then it turns out to be a flop.
654
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์‹คํŒจ์ž‘์ด์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ž์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์‹คํŒจ์ž‘์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:43
Unsuccessful.
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์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:44
Don't worry, that happens.
656
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๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:47
That happens to me with my lessons as well.
657
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๋‚ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:50
My lesson was a flop.
658
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๋‚ด ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ์‹คํŒจ์ž‘์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:53
It got a lot of thumbs down, or not many.
659
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์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งŽ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:55
People liked it, or they were really.
660
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:58
Salty in the comments, but hopefullyย  you don't think that about this lesson.
661
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๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ง ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:03
Hopefully you say your lessons.
662
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ตํ›ˆ์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:05
A hit.
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ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ.
38:07
A hit.
664
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ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ.
38:08
This is our next slang expression to be a hit.
665
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ธ๊ธฐ ์†์–ด ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:12
This means successful, wellย  received, the opposite.
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์ด๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณต, ํ˜ธํ‰, ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:16
Of a flop, so.
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์‹คํŒจ์ž‘์ด์ฃ .
38:17
The movie.
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์˜ํ™”.
38:18
Was a hit.
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ํžˆํŠธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:20
This movie could have been a hit.
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์ด ์˜ํ™”๋Š” ํžˆํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ณค์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
38:22
#12 This is one you definitely need to know.
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#12 ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ผญ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:25
Hangry.
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๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ”„๋‹ค.
38:27
Have you heard this before?
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์ „์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
38:28
Sorry, I'm just hangry.
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๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•ด์š”. ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํŒŒ์„œ์š”.
38:31
Hangry is a combination ofย  hungry and angry, so it's when.
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Hangry๋Š” ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ””๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋…ธ์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:38
You.
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38:38
Become angry only because you're hungry.
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๋„ˆ.
๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ํ”„๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
38:42
That's the reason why.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:44
So, do you get hangry?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํŒŒ์ง€๋‚˜์š”?
38:47
I get hangry if I miss lunch.
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์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋†“์น˜๋ฉด ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ํ”„๋‹ค.
38:49
Well, at least that's what my husband says.
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ์ ์–ด๋„ ๋‚ด ๋‚จํŽธ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด์š”.
38:52
Or if you're on a long road trip,ย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” ์žฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์—ฌํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๋ผ๋ฉดย ย  ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ”„๊ธฐ ์ „์—
38:54
you might say we'd better find aย  restaurant before the kids get hangry.
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๋ ˆ์Šคํ† ๋ž‘์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
39:00
Someone's hangry.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ”„๋‹ค.
39:02
And finally, one youย  absolutely need to know ghost.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ์œ ๋ น์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:08
I can't believe she ghosted me.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ น์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
39:10
Do you know what this means to Ghost?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด Ghost์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ์ธ์ง€ ์•„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
39:12
Here we're using ghost as a verb toย  ghost someone someone, Ghost someone.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ghost๋ฅผ ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ น์œผ๋กœ, ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ น์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:19
She's ghosting you CC ghosting me.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ น CC๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:22
And this is to end all communication with someone,ย  but without warning and without explanation.
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์ด๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ์ข…๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ๋‚˜ ์„ค๋ช… ์—†์ด ์ข…๋ฃŒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:30
So all of a sudden you get no more messages,ย  no more replies, and you have no idea why?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋‚˜ ๋‹ต์žฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
39:39
Because as far as you're concerned,ย  everything was going great.
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๋‹น์‹ ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์ด ์ž˜ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:43
And this is most commonly usedย  in romantic relationships,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ญ๋งŒ์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:48
I guess because people are too afraid toย  simply let the other person know that.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:53
They're just not into them, so they ghost them.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์œ ๋ น์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:57
Now you have so much vocabulary that you can useย  to understand native speakers and sound like 1/2.
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์ด์ œ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๊ณผ 1/2์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ดํœ˜๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:04
Now let's do something different.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:06
Let's review a news article together.
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๋‰ด์Šค ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์›์–ด๋ฏผ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•, ์–ดํœ˜, ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
40:09
Reading is one of the best ways to improve yourย  fluency because you can learn grammar, vocabulary,ย ย 
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์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์œ ์ฐฝํ•จ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
40:15
sentence structure and pronunciationย  if you have a native speaker reading.
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.
40:20
So that's what we'll do.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:22
Right now, first I'll read the headline.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋จผ์ € ์ œ๋ชฉ์„ ์ฝ์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:25
Researchers discover oldest known black holeย  that existed not long after The Big Bang.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋น…๋ฑ… ์ดํ›„ ์–ผ๋งˆ ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:33
So let's talk about this,ย  the oldest known black hole.
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์ด์ œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:38
So in this case, notice how I said the oldest?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
40:42
But it's not here.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:44
You might be wondering aboutย  that because you might knowย ย 
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40:47
that you need the when you'reย  making superlative statements.
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์ตœ์ƒ๊ธ‰ ์ง„์ˆ ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ดํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:52
But in headlines, they often leave out essentialย  grammar just to make the headline shorter.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์„ ๋” ์งง๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์ˆ˜ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ์ƒ๋žตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:58
So you need the oldest, the greatest,ย  the best, the strongest, the youngest.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๊ณ , ์ตœ๊ณ , ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:05
If you're making a superlative, youย  need the the oldest, the oldest.
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์ตœ์ƒ๊ธ‰์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ , ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:12
Black hole, now known in thisย  case, is not functioning as a verb.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:19
For example, I've known aboutย  the black hole for 20 minutes.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 20๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:27
I put that example here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ทธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:28
So in this case it's the verb no,ย  but it's in the participle form.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ no ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:34
I've known about the black hole for 20 minutes,ย  but in this case, known is an adjective.
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๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 20๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” Known์ด ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:41
It means understood or proven.
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์ดํ•ด๋˜์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž…์ฆ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:43
Let's look at this.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์ž.
41:46
This should be.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:47
It's.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€.
41:48
It's a fact that your videos are helpful.
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๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:52
So you could say that to me, Jennifer,ย  It's a fact that your videos are helpful.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๊ตฐ์š”, ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ๋‹˜. ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:56
Thank you so much.
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:57
Now you can add, it's a known fact becauseย  remember, adjectives are not required for grammar.
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์ด์ œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์—๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
42:05
So I can take it out and it'sย  still grammatically correct,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋นผ๋„ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:09
but when I add it's a known fact, I'mย  making it sound like it's somethingย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด
42:15
that's more understood by a large numberย  of people or you could even prove it.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋” ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:21
So I'm just emphasizing the point.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์š”์ ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:24
It's a known fact that your videos are helpful, soย  it sounds stronger than just saying it's a fact.
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๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:33
So if you agree with this.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ด์— ๋™์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด.
42:34
I want you to put It's aย  known fact in the comments,ย ย 
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์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๋‹ฌ์•„์ฃผ์…จ์œผ๋ฉด
42:38
but Jennifer, it's a known factย  that your videos are helpful.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ๋‹˜, ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:42
It's a known fact.
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์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:43
Put it in the comments.
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๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ ์–ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
42:45
Now don't worry about taking notesย  because I summarize everything inย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋ฉ”๋ชจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๊ฐ•์˜ PDF ์— ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์š”์•ฝ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ๊ธธ์ด๋ฅผ
42:49
a free lesson PDF so you can lookย  in the description for the length.
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ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
42:53
So let's continue and learn about this black hole.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ด ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
42:57
So I guess this is an image rightย  here in this box of the black hole.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€ ์ƒ์ž ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:04
I am not a science expert.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:05
I don't know very much about black holes.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค.
43:08
Do you?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€?
43:09
Because maybe I will learn a lotย  about black holes in this article.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด ๊ธ€์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:13
And you'll learn a lot about blackย  holes and English from this article.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ธ€์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€๊ณผ ์˜์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๊ด‘๋…„ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„
43:18
The discovery of a gigantic blackย  hole, billions of light years fromย ย 
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์€
43:23
Earth is giving researchers a clearย  picture of the dawn of the universe.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:29
Gigantic.
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๊ฑฐ์ธ ๊ฐ™์€.
43:30
This is another adjective forย  very large, extremely large.
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์ด๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๋‹ค, ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:35
So if you want to emphasizeย  large, you can use gigantic.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด huge๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:40
I have a gigantic problem.
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ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:43
I ate a gigantic piece of cake.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ผ€์ดํฌ ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:49
I wrote those examples for you.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:51
Now let's talk about light years.
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์ด์ œ ๊ด‘๋…„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
43:54
I did not know what this was.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:56
Well, I have an idea, but I didn't know whatย  the exact definition of a light year is.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ด‘๋…„์˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ •์˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:01
I knew it was a form of measurement.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ธก์ •์˜ ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:03
So it's the distance thatย  light travels in one year.
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์ฆ‰, ๋น›์ด 1๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:08
I did not know that it was in one year,ย ย 
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1๋…„ ๋งŒ์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ค„์€ ๋ชฐ๋ž๊ณ ,
44:11
and I certainly did not know thatย  it's 9.5 million million kilometers.
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950๋งŒ ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋ชฐ๋ž๋‹ค.
44:18
I can't even imagine how many kilometers that is.
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๋ช‡ ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์ธ์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒ์กฐ์ฐจ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:23
That's a light year.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ด‘๋…„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:24
And this is a gigantic, gigantic black hole.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:28
Billions of light years.
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๊ด‘๋…„.
44:30
So remember, one light year isย  9.5 million million kilometers.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 1๊ด‘๋…„์€ 950๋งŒ ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š” .
44:36
So just imagine how far awayย  billions of light years is.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๊ด‘๋…„์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š” .
44:41
Can't imagine it.
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์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:42
Billions of light years from Earth isย  giving researchers A clearer picture.
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์ง€๊ตฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๊ด‘๋…„ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์–ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:47
So remember I said before, whenย  you have a superlative we use theย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด์ „์— ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ตœ์ƒ๊ธ‰์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ
44:52
because you could say is givingย  researchers the clearest picture.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:59
But and you we need to use the and whenย  you have the EST, the clearest picture.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ธ EST๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:06
But that's not the meaningย  because it changes the meaning.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”
45:10
A clearer is just a comparative it's more thanย  previous, but it's not the clearest which isย ย 
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๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋น„๊ต์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์ง€ ๋งŒ, ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ด
45:17
the absolute greatest, the clearest picture,ย  a clearer picture of the dawn of the universe.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๊ณ , ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ธ์ง€, ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋” ์„ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:26
Dawn is a period of time inย  the morning when the sun rises,ย ย 
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์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ์€ ์•„์นจ์— ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋œจ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ธ๋ฐ,
45:34
and that takes place at differentย  times around the world, right?
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์ด๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
45:38
So if you said I start work before dawn, itย  means you start work before the sun rises.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ ์ „์— ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋œจ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์—์š”.
45:47
So if the sun rises at 5:00 AM in your country,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์˜ค์ „ 5์‹œ์— ๋œฌ๋‹ค๋ฉดย ย  4
45:50
it means you start work at 4:45,ย  4/30 or anytime before dawn.
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์‹œ 45๋ถ„, 4/30 ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ ์ „ ์–ธ์ œ๋“ ์ง€ ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:57
So that is just dawn as a time referenceย  that we use in our daily routines.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ƒ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:03
But when you say the dawn of something,ย  it means the beginning of something.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:10
And we generally use this withย  an extremely important event.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:16
So the universe being created, obviouslyย  an extremely important event right now.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:22
You could say the dawn of the Internet.
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:26
Age revolutionize the way we work.
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์‹œ๋Œ€๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ํ˜๋ช…์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:30
So this is the start of the Internet.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:33
So you don't even need age here.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๋‚˜์ด์กฐ์ฐจ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:35
Age represents era, time reference,ย  the dawn of the Internet.
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๋‚˜์ด๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€, ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์ค€, ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:40
The start of the Internetย  revolutionized the way we work.
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ํ˜๋ช…์„ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:44
So it's just a more academic, a moreย  literary, poetic way of saying the start of.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Š” ์‹œ์ž‘์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ข€ ๋” ํ•™๋ฌธ์ ์ด๊ณ , ์ข€ ๋” ๋ฌธํ•™์ ์ด๊ณ  ์‹œ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:50
But remember, we only use it forย  very important, significant events.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์—๋งŒ ์ด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
46:58
Researchers were able to pinpoint theย  oldest black hole ever discovered.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:05
So again, here we have oldest withย  EST, so we know it's a superlative.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ EST๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ตœ์ƒ๊ธ‰์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:10
So we need the and becauseย  we're no longer in the headline.
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์— ๋‚˜์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— and๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:16
Remember, in the headline they leaveย  out grammar, but as soon as you getย ย 
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ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ์ƒ๋žตํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์ž๋งˆ์ž
47:20
to the main article, they're going toย  use all the necessary grammar required.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
47:25
And the is required grammatically.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:28
Let's talk about pinpoint.
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ํ•€ํฌ์ธํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด๋ณด์ž.
47:32
This is a great verb to have in your vocabulary.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์–ดํœ˜์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:35
When you pinpoint something,ย  you discover the exact location.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋ฉด ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:40
But we also use this for facts.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:43
So you understand, you discoverย  the specific facts of something.
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:48
So exact location or.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์œ„์น˜๋‚˜.
47:50
I'll say specific.
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๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:52
Facts of something.
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€์˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค.
47:54
So my example here, we're stillย  trying to pinpoint the bug.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ฒ„๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:58
Imagine a computer bug, a computer problem.
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋ฒ„๊ทธ, ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
48:01
Now it could be the location of it.
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:04
You don't know where on your server orย  where in the software program that bug is,ย ย 
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์„œ๋ฒ„์˜ ์–ด๋””์— ๋ฒ„๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์–ด๋””์— ๋ฒ„๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
48:11
so you have to pinpoint the location.
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์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:15
But it could.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:16
Also be more the facts.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:18
So why is this happening?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
48:21
What is the cause of it?
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๊ทธ ์›์ธ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
48:23
What is the solution?
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
48:26
How long has this been going on?
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณ„์†๋๋‚˜์š”?
48:28
So those are all the facts.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:30
And in this case, we don'tย  really know which it is.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:34
But if you say, oh, we're trying to pinpoint theย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด
48:37
location, then it's obvious you'reย  trying to find the exact location.
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๊ท€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:42
So this is a great verb to add to your vocabulary.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์–ดํœ˜์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:45
And not only is it ancient,ย  but it's absolutely colossal.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณ ๋Œ€์ผ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ •๋ง ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:51
Ancient means extremely old.
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๊ณ ๋Œ€(Ancient)๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค.
48:55
And notice the pronunciation.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์Œ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
48:57
Chint chi chi chint, ancient, ancient.
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Chint chi chi chint, ๊ณ ๋Œ€, ๊ณ ๋Œ€.
49:03
So as an adjective, it's to be ancient.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:06
That building is ancient.
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๊ทธ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ ๊ณ ๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:09
Not only is it ancient, butย  it's absolutely colossal.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณ ๋Œ€์ผ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ •๋ง ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:13
In this case, absolutely.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:15
It's just a intensifier.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ์žฅ์น˜ ์ผ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:17
It's extremely, very, and colossal alsoย  means large, extremely large, very large.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทน๋„๋กœ, ๋งค์šฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•จ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ํฌ๋‹ค, ๊ทน๋„๋กœ ํฌ๋‹ค, ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:25
So colossal already means very large.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:28
And then you add absolutely,ย  which makes it even stronger.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:32
But remember, before do you remember the word,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—,
49:36
what was the other adjectiveย  that means very large, gigantic.
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๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๋‹ค, ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
49:40
So either one, they both sound extremelyย  large and then you can add absolutely toย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ธ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„์˜ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€๋ณด๋‹ค
49:46
make it sound even stronger, 10 times biggerย  than the black hole in our own Milky Way.
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10๋ฐฐ ๋” ํฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
49:54
So this is.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
49:55
Our Galaxy, and there's a black hole in it,ย  formed 470 million years after The Big Bang.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์€ํ•˜์™€ ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋น…๋ฑ… ์ดํ›„ 4์–ต 7์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋…„ ํ›„์— ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:05
Its existence confirms theย  theory that supermassiveย ย 
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๊ทธ ์กด์žฌ๋Š”
50:08
black holes were part of the early universe.
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์ดˆ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ด ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์„ ํ™•์ฆํ•ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:13
Scientists estimate that theย  universe is 13.7 billion years old,ย ย 
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๋‚˜์ด๋ฅผ 137์–ต๋…„์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
50:19
which makes the age of theย  black hole 13.2 billion years.
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์ด๋Š” ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์˜ ๋‚˜์ด๋ฅผ 132์–ต๋…„์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:26
So clearly the they're emphasizingย  here how old the black hole is.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์˜ ๋‚˜์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:32
Now notice here formed.
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:35
Now they don't have the subject they startย  with formed and then this its existence,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ ์กด์žฌ,
50:41
the black hole's existence confirms.
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๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:46
Here is a simple example toย  understand this grammar structure.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:49
So we take the Ed form of theย  verb and then you have someย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ Ed ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ 
50:56
additional information to describe the sentence.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:59
So in this case this is the sentence.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:01
The company represented the dawn of AI.
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์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” AI์˜ ์—ฌ๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:05
So remember this the dawn of the start of AI.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ง€๊ธˆ์ด AI ์‹œ์ž‘์˜ ์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ์ž„์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
51:10
The company represented the dawn of AI.
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์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” AI์˜ ์—ฌ๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:13
So this on its own is a completed sentence.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ์™„์„ฑ๋œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:16
The company represented the dawn of AI.
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์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” AI์˜ ์—ฌ๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:19
But if I wanted to give moreย  information about the company,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
51:22
I can start by giving that informationย  first and then I can use a comma.
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ํ•ด๋‹น ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋จผ์ € ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:29
And then I have my completedย  sentence formed in 2021.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  2021๋…„์— ์™„์„ฑ๋œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์™„์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:34
The company represented the dawn of AI.
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” AI์˜ ์—ฌ๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:37
Now other ways of saying formed, youย  could say established, created, started.
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์ด์ œ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋จ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ง๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ™•๋ฆฝ๋จ, ์ƒ์„ฑ๋จ, ์‹œ์ž‘๋จ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:44
Those are different ways.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:45
But notice they use the Ed form.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ Ed ํ˜•์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:46
So this is a very common sentence structure.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:49
It's a little more advanced, and if you use it, itย  will make your writing look more advanced as well.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ธ๋ฐ, ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๊ธ€๋„ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œ ๋ณด์ด์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
51:56
Let's continue.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
51:59
The researchers believe theย  black holes formed from hugeย ย 
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ด ๋ณ„์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋œ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
52:04
clouds of gas that collapsed in aย  Galaxy next to another with stars.
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.
52:12
OK, so they're talking about theย  formation of black holes in general.
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€ ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:17
Not necessarily.
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๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:19
This.
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52:19
Specific black hole, because it's in plural.
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์ด๊ฒƒ.
ํŠน์ • ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:22
So we're talking about black holes in general.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:24
The black holes formed from huge clouds of gas.
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๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์€ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:29
So again, huge we could sayย  giant or colossal cause.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์›์ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:35
Huge also means very large.
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:38
Gigantic.
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๊ฑฐ์ธ ๊ฐ™์€.
52:39
Well, I said giant.
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
52:40
You could say giant, gigantic,ย  colossal clouds of gas that collapsed.
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๋ถ•๊ดด๋œ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:51
So when something collapsed, it means it goesย  from a upright position into a down position.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ˆ˜์ง ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ ์•„๋ž˜์ชฝ ์œ„์น˜๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:02
So let's take a house.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ง‘์„ ๊ตฌํ•ด๋ณด์ž.
53:03
You have a solid house, butย  then if that house falls andย ย 
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๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ์ง‘์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์ง‘์ด ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง€๊ณ 
53:10
everything is in one single layer,ย  you would say the house collapsed.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•œ ๊ฒน์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ง‘์ด ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:15
That would be very unlikely to happen.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:18
But a roof could collapseย  and that is more possible.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๋ถ•์ด ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋” ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:24
But a very ancient.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•„์ฃผ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:26
An ancient, extremely old.
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๊ณ ๋Œ€, ์•„์ฃผ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ.
53:27
An ancient house, an ancient barn, an ancientย  garage or shed structure could collapse.
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์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์ง‘, ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ํ—›๊ฐ„, ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์ฐจ๊ณ  ๋˜๋Š” ์ฐฝ๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์ด ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:37
So cloud, massive gigant Oval.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„, ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒ€์›ํ˜•.
53:40
There's another one I just said that wasn'tย  on this list of ways to say very large,ย ย 
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋งํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์€ํ•˜ ์˜†์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์€ํ•˜์—์„œ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋œ ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
53:45
massive clouds of gas that collapsed inย  a Galaxy next to another another Galaxy.
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.
53:51
So next to is.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜†์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:53
Besides, we have one Galaxy andย  then another Galaxy with stars.
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ๋ณ„์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:59
The two galaxies joined andย  the black hole was in control.
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๋‘ ์€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ํ•ฉ์ณ์กŒ๊ณ  ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ด ํ†ต์ œ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:06
To be honest I'm not 100% sure what this meansย  because I don't have a science background,ย ย 
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์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ 100% ํ™•์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:13
but you learn some other ways to say very largeย  and if you if your background is more scientific,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด ๋” ๊ณผํ•™์ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
54:22
you've studied black holes or anything like that,ย ย 
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๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
54:25
feel free to share your your informationย  about the meaning of this article.
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์ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
54:33
So this isn't part of the article, but Iย  wanted to have a very simple definitionย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
54:38
of what a black hole is, cause although Iย  have a general idea of what a black hole.
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๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์›ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:43
Is.
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์ด๋‹ค.
54:44
I wasn't 100% certain, so I asked ChatGPT.
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100% ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ ChatGPT์— ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:50
What is a black hole?
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๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
54:51
That's what I put in ChatGPT,ย  So let's see the answer.
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ChatGPT์— ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ, ๋‹ต์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:55
A black hole is like the cosmicย  vacuum cleaner of the universe.
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๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์€ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์ง„๊ณต์ฒญ์†Œ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:03
Cosmic as an adjective simply means thatย  it relates to the universe, so a black.
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Cosmic์€ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์šฐ์ฃผ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ •์ƒ‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:09
Hole is like.
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๊ตฌ๋ฉ์€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:10
The vacuum cleaner of the universe.
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์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์ง„๊ณต์ฒญ์†Œ๊ธฐ.
55:13
So now you have an image of a vacuum cleanerย  because everyone knows what a vacuum cleaner is.
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์ด์ œ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ง„๊ณต์ฒญ์†Œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง„๊ณต์ฒญ์†Œ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:19
So imagine you're sucking up, you'reย  vacuuming a bunch of dirt in your living room.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋นจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๊ฑฐ์‹ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋จผ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ง„๊ณต ์ฒญ์†Œ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ฒญ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:26
So now you can imagine that'sย  what happens in a black hole.
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์ด์ œ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:30
So that's helpful.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:31
It's always helpful, for me at least toย  have an image of what these things are.
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์ ์–ด๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:36
Or to relate.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:37
It to an everyday object thatย  we know like a vacuum cleaner.
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์ง„๊ณต์ฒญ์†Œ๊ธฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์— ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:41
It's a region in space where gravity is so strongย  that nothing, not even light can escape from it.
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์ค‘๋ ฅ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ•ํ•ด์„œ ๋น›์กฐ์ฐจ ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:51
So I guess the fact thatย  light cannot escape from it.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋น›์ด ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ถ”์ธกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:55
So if light could escape from it, soย  again remember the vacuum cleaner.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋น›์ด ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ง„๊ณต์ฒญ์†Œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
56:00
But light is getting suckedย  into the vacuum cleaner.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋น›์ด ์ง„๊ณต์ฒญ์†Œ๊ธฐ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋นจ๋ ค ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:05
So notice that's a verb.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•„๋‘์„ธ์š”.
56:06
I used when I was describing theย  vacuum, I said you're suckingย ย 
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์ €๋Š” ์ง„๊ณต์ฒญ์†Œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ๋•Œ
56:10
up some some dirt in your living room,ย  'cause that's what a vacuum cleaner does.
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๊ฑฐ์‹ค์—์„œ ๋จผ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋นจ์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง„๊ณต์ฒญ์†Œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:16
It sucks.
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์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜.
56:17
That's the motion.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ชจ์…˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:18
So when dirt goes into it, it sucks up the dirt,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋จผ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด ๋จผ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋นจ์•„๋“ค์ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ ,
56:23
so the light gets sucked up byย  the vacuum by the black hole.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋น›์€ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ง„๊ณต์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋นจ์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
56:29
So that's probably why it's black hole, becauseย  there's no light cause light cannot escape it.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ธ ์ด์œ ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋น›์ด ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋น›์ด ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:39
Imagine a massive * massive this was.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
56:43
I added it to the list of adjectives forย  very large a massive * running out of fuel.
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๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ * ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์˜ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:51
When you run out of somethingย  it means you have none left.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚จ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:57
So this means that the star has zero fuel left,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Š” ๋ณ„์— ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‚จ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธ
57:03
but if it's running out of itย  means it's still in the progress.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ž„์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:08
It's still in progress.
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์•„์ง ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:10
So it's in the progress of running out of fuel.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:14
So it might have some fuel left now.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
57:18
So to have none left, that's whenย  you use it as a completed action.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋‚จ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์ž‘์—…์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
57:25
So you could say my car ran out of gas.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋‚ด ์ฐจ์— ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
57:31
So this means your car has zero gas.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Š” ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์— ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:35
My car is running out of gas.
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๋‚ด ์ฐจ์— ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ด์š”.
57:39
So you do have some gas.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:41
So you have some gas, but not a lot.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ€์Šค๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŽ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:47
And you're almost at 0.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ 0์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:49
You're going to be at 0 soon.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ณง 0์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:54
OK, so I'll just make these proper sentencesย  with periods and capitalize first letter.
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฒซ ๊ธ€์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:02
So imagine a massive * running out ofย  fuel and collapsing under its own gravity.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์ฒด ์ค‘๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ถ•๊ดด๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ *๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
58:09
So we have a whole *, but it hasย  no fuel left, so it collapse.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ „์ฒด *๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:14
It flattens under its own gravity, so the weightย  of the star's gravity causes it to collapse.
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์ž์ฒด ์ค‘๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํŽธํ‰ํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณ„์˜ ์ค‘๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ณ„์ด ๋ถ•๊ดด๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์น˜
58:22
It's like a bottomless pit in space.
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์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:25
So bottomless means a pit is like a giant hole.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:31
So again, black hole, 'cause that's what a pit is.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:35
A pit is a very large hole.
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๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด(pit)๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ํฐ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด๋‹ค.
58:38
But if there's.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด.
58:40
But if it's a bottomless pit, itย  means it does not have a bottom.
951
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:45
So imagine there's a hole in yourย  backyard, a pit in your backyard,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋’ท๋งˆ๋‹น์— ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  , ๋’ท๋งˆ๋‹น์— ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด๋Š”
58:50
which is a hole, and you lookย  in it and it just goes forever.
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๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ธ๋ฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด ์˜์›ํžˆ ๊ณ„์†๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:54
There's no bottom to it, and everythingย  gets sucked into that pit now,ย ย 
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๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์ด ์—†๊ณ  ์ด์ œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด๋กœ ๋นจ๋ ค ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ 
59:02
gobbling up anything thatย  gets too close gobbling up.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ์‚ผ์ผœ๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:07
This.
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์ด๊ฒƒ.
59:08
Is a way of saying consume quickly.
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๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค.
59:13
For example, the gas gobbled up my pie, so theyย  consumed it quickly because your pie was really.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ฐ€์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด ํŒŒ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ผ์ผœ๋ฒ„๋ ธ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํŒŒ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ง„์งœ์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์†Œ๋น„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:21
Good.
959
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์ข‹์€.
59:22
It was delicious.
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๋ง›์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:23
So this is a positive.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:24
Thing Oh my guess.
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์•„, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
59:25
Gobbled up my pie.
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๋‚ด ํŒŒ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒŒ๊ฑธ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋จน์–ด์น˜์› ์–ด์š”.
59:26
They consumed it quickly.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์†Œ๋น„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:29
But if you say my car gobbles up gas, thatย  isn't a positive thing because your your.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚ด ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:35
Car.
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59:35
Your vehicle.
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์ž๋™์ฐจ.
๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰.
59:36
Consumes gas quickly, whichย  means it isn't fuel efficient.
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๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์†Œ๋ชจํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ํšจ์œจ์ด ๋‚ฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:41
So it can be positive to gobble something up,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒŒ๊ฑธ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„
59:44
but it can also be negative,ย  so it means to consume quickly.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ฃ .
59:49
It's like a bottomless pit in space,ย  gobbling up anything that gets too close.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ ์—†๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์•„์„œ, ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ผ์ผœ๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:56
So I.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜.
59:57
Really like this?
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ง ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ๋‚˜?
59:58
Description.
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59:58
I find it's it's easier forย  me at least to understandย ย 
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์„ค๋ช….
๋‚˜๋Š”
60:02
what a black hole is if I can have an image of it.
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๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ ์–ด๋„ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์‰ฝ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:05
So now I have this.
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์ด์ œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:07
Image of what a black hole is.
978
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๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€.
60:10
Let me know if that was helpful for you.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
60:11
And again, if your area of expertiseย  is science or studying the universe,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ ๋ถ„์•ผ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผํ•™์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์šฐ์ฃผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ผ๋ฉด ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
60:18
then feel free to share moreย  information about this becauseย ย 
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
60:21
I feel very confident teaching youย  the language, the English language.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ท€ํ•˜์—๊ฒŒ ์–ธ์–ด, ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
60:25
But to be honest, I don't feel thatย  confident teaching you about black holes.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น  ์ž์‹ ์ด ์—†์–ด์š”.
60:29
So don't learn black holes from me.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋‚˜ํ•œํ…Œ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
60:32
And that is the end of our article.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:35
So what I'll do now is I'll go to theย  beginning of the article and I'll readย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ๊ธ€์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ
60:39
it from start to finish and this timeย  you can focus on my pronunciation.
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์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ๋ฐœ์Œ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:44
Researchers discover oldest known black holeย  that existed not long after The Big Bang.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋น…๋ฑ… ์ดํ›„ ์–ผ๋งˆ ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ตฌ
60:51
The discovery of a gigantic blackย  hole billions of light years fromย ย 
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์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๊ด‘๋…„ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์€
60:56
Earth is giving researchers A clearerย  picture of the dawn of the universe.
990
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:01
Researchers were able to pinpoint theย  oldest black hole ever discovered.
991
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:07
And not only is it ancient,ย  but it's absolutely colossal,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณ ๋Œ€์ผ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„์˜
61:12
10 times bigger than the blackย  hole in our own Milky Way.
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๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€๋ณด๋‹ค 10๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋” ํฐ, ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
61:17
Formed 470 million years after The Big Bang.
994
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๋น…๋ฑ… ์ดํ›„ 4์–ต 7์ฒœ๋งŒ๋…„ ํ›„์— ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:22
Its existence confirms theย  theory that supermassiveย ย 
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๊ทธ ์กด์žฌ๋Š”
61:26
black holes were part of the early universe.
996
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์ดˆ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ด ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์„ ํ™•์ฆํ•ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:30
Scientists estimate that theย  universe is 13.7 billion years old,ย ย 
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๋‚˜์ด๋ฅผ 137์–ต๋…„์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
61:35
which makes the age of theย  black hole 13.2 billion years.
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์ด๋Š” ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์˜ ๋‚˜์ด๋ฅผ 132์–ต๋…„์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:41
The researchers believe the blackย  holes formed from huge clouds ofย ย 
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ด ์˜†์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋œ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
61:45
gas that collapsed in a Galaxy next to another.
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.
61:49
With stars, the two galaxies joinedย  and the black hole was in control.
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๋ณ„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‘ ์€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ํ•ฉ์ณ์กŒ๊ณ  ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ด ํ†ต์ œ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:55
ChatGPT What is a black hole?
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ChatGPT ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
61:58
A black hole.
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๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€.
61:59
Is like the cosmic vacuum cleaner of the universe.
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์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์šฐ์ฃผ ์ง„๊ณต ์ฒญ์†Œ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:03
It's a region in space where gravity is so strongย  that nothing, not even light, can escape from it.
1005
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์ค‘๋ ฅ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ•ํ•ด์„œ ๋น›์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:10
Imagine a massive * running out of fuelย  and collapsing under its own gravity.
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ * ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์ฒด ์ค‘๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ถ•๊ดด๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
62:15
It's like a bottomless pit in space,ย  gobbling up anything that gets too close.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ ์—†๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์•„์„œ, ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ผ์ผœ๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:21
Amazing job you've completed.
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:23
The master class.
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๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํด๋ž˜์Šค.
62:25
Do you want me to make more master classesย  to help you become fluent in English?
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํด๋ž˜์Šค๋ฅผ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค๊นŒ์š” ?
62:30
If you do then put.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:32
Yes, I do but.
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๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
62:34
Yes, I do.
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๋„ค ์ €๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:35
In the comments so I knowย  you want more master classes.
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๋Œ“๊ธ€์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํด๋ž˜์Šค๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜์‹ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:39
And of course, make sure you like thisย  video, share it with your friends,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ์…จ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ , ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
62:42
and subscribe so you're notifiedย  every time I post a new lesson.
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๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒŒ์‹œํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:46
And you can get this free.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:47
Speaking Guide where I share 6 tips on howย  to speak English fluently and confidently.
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์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 6๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŒ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:52
You can click here to.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:53
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๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„ค๋ช…์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
62:56
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜์–ด ์‹ค๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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