ONE HOUR English Master Class: Improve Your English Fluency FAST!

36,892 views ใƒป 2024-02-23

JForrest English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Today I have a one hour Englishย  fluency master class for you.
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์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ 1์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜์–ด ์œ ์ฐฝ์„ฑ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํด๋ž˜์Šค๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:04
Welcome back to JForrestย  English, of course, I'm Jennifer.
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JForrest English์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” Jennifer์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:07
Now let's get started.
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์ด์ œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:09
First, in this master class, let's talk about howย ย 
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๋จผ์ €, ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํด๋ž˜์Šค์—์„œ๋Š” ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ๋„
00:12
you can think and speak in Englishย  without translating in your head.
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์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š”
00:18
I'm going to share some tips and advice toย  help you do just that, very quickly and easily.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŒ๊ณผ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:24
Let's get started.
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž.
00:26
Tip #1.
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ํŒ #1.
00:27
Surround yourself in English.
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์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
00:30
You might live in a non-english speaking country,ย  or maybe you live in an English speaking country.
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๋น„์˜์–ด๊ถŒ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์˜์–ด๊ถŒ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
Either way, you need to make yourย  environment as English as possible.
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์–ด๋Š ์ชฝ์ด๋“  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
You need to immerse yourself inย  the language as much as you canย ย 
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด์— ๋ชฐ์ž…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
00:48
and you have control over your room, yourย  workstation, your kitchen, your bathroom.
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๋ฐฉ, ์ž‘์—…๋Œ€, ๋ถ€์—Œ, ์š•์‹ค์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
You.
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00:55
Absolutely have control over your environment.
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๋„ˆ.
ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ œ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
Do you know what these are?
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
01:01
They're sticky notes.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ‘์ฐฉ์‹ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
And these are your best friendsย  when you're learning a language,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋“ค์€ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์นœํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
because you can put them all over your house.
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์ง‘ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์— ๋‘˜ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
You can label objects, you can remind yourself ofย ย 
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๊ฐ์ฒด์— ๋ผ๋ฒจ์„ ๋ถ™์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
01:14
vocabulary that you're learning,ย  verb structures, verb tenses.
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ํ•™์Šต ์ค‘์ธ ์–ดํœ˜, ๋™์‚ฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ, ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
You can put them everywhere and just seeing them.
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์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ๋†“์•„๋‘๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
Even if you don't focus onย  it, just seeing it quickly.
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์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋œ๋‹ค.
01:27
Your brain is processing that,ย  remembering it, and learning it.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•™์Šตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
Other easy things you can do.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‰ฌ์šด ์ผ๋“ค. ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด ๋Œ€์‹  ์˜์–ด
01:34
You can write your daily To Do List inย  English instead of your native language.
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๋กœ ์ผ์ผ ํ•  ์ผ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:41
You can change all of yourย  devices to display in English.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
And you can get creative and thinkย  of many different ways that you canย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฐฝ์˜๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:50
immerse yourself in English in your environment.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์˜์–ด์— ๋ชฐ์ž…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
But by the end of the week, I wantย  you to go out and buy some stickyย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ๋ง๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ ์ ‘์ฐฉ
01:58
notes and start labeling one room of your house.
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๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์„œ ์ง‘์˜ ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์— ๋ผ๋ฒจ์„ ๋ถ™์ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
Tip 2.
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ํŒ 2.
02:04
Think during everyday activities.
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์ผ์ƒ ํ™œ๋™ ์ค‘์— ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๋งค์ผ
02:07
There are so many activities that you doย  every single day that are wasted time.
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ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์•„์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋‚ญ๋น„๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
But you can turn that wasted timeย  into productive time if you simplyย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹น ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‚ญ๋น„๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:20
think in English as you're doing that activity.
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. ๋งค์ผ ํ•˜๋Š”
02:24
Some common wasted time activities that youย  do every day are working out, having a shower.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ญ๋น„ ํ™œ๋™์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์šด๋™, ์ƒค์›Œ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด
02:32
What a perfect time to think in Englishย  for me is definitely getting ready.
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์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ •๋ง ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
I always make sure I do something productiveย  while I'm putting on my makeup, drying my hair.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํ™”์žฅ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ธ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
Otherwise it's wasted time making breakfast,ย  doing chores, and of course, commuting.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์•„์นจ์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง‘์•ˆ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถœํ‡ด๊ทผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ญ๋น„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
Commuting is a great time to think in English,ย  and I'm sure you spend a lot of time waiting.
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ํ†ต๊ทผ์€ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
Waiting in lines, waiting for things to finish.
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์ค„์„ ์„œ์„œ ์ผ์ด ๋๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
Waiting is the perfect time to think in English.
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๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆผ์€ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
But you're probably wondering, how canย  I turn commuting into productive time?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ†ต๊ทผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
Well, that leads to tip #3, whichย  is to make simple observations.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ํŒ #3์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:20
This is such a powerful exercise because it forcesย  you to become very present in your environment, soย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์šด๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฐ•์š”ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
03:28
you'll also be practicing mindfulness at the sameย  time, which is very good for your mental health.
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๋™์‹œ์— ์ •์‹  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์€ ๋งˆ์Œ์ฑ™๊น€๋„ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
So as you're out in the world,ย  maybe you're walking, commuting,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ฑท๊ณ , ํ†ต๊ทผํ•˜๊ณ ,
03:39
waiting in line, and it's wasted time.
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์ค„์„ ์„œ์„œ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ญ๋น„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
I want you to simply look aroundย  and observe your environment.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
What do you see?
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋ณด์ด๋‚˜์š”?
03:50
And your goal is to make simple observations.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
And of course, you're doing this in English.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก , ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
You're thinking in English.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
So let's say you're at a park, you're goingย  for a walk, or you're walking your dog.
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๊ณต์›์— ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฐ์ฑ…์„ ๊ฐ€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐœ์™€ ์‚ฐ์ฑ…์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
You're eating your lunch, You're at a park.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ณต์›์— ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
04:08
You can make some simple observations.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
There's a big tree.
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ํฐ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
04:14
The tree is green.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๋Š” ๋…น์ƒ‰์ด๋‹ค.
04:17
The tree has leaves.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด์—๋Š” ์žŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
There's a pond.
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์—ฐ๋ชป์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
04:21
There are ducks in the pond.
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์—ฐ๋ชป์—๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
04:23
There are mountains.
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์‚ฐ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
The sky is blue.
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ํ•˜๋Š˜์€ ํŒŒ๋ž—๋‹ค.
04:28
So turn wasted time into productive time by makingย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚ญ๋น„๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด
04:32
simple observations and it willย  force you to think in English.
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์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
But let's move on to tip #4,ย  which is to add complexity.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํŒ #4๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:42
First of all, don't underestimateย  the power of simple sentences.
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์šฐ์„ , ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ํž˜์„ ๊ณผ์†Œํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. '๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋…น์ƒ‰์ด๋‹ค'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€
04:47
Don't think that making a very simple sentenceย  like the tree is green isn't helping you.
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
04:56
It absolutely is helping you to think in Englishย  and get more comfortable thinking in English.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ณ , ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋”์šฑ ํŽธ์•ˆํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
But of course I understandย  you want to add complexity,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์€ ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
so let's talk about some ways to add complexity.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ
05:11
One of the easiest is to add anย  adjective, adverb or modifier.
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์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ, ๋ถ€์‚ฌ, ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
The palm tree has vibrant leaves,ย ย 
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์•ผ์ž์ˆ˜์—๋Š” ์ƒ๊ธฐ ๋„˜์น˜๋Š” ์žŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
so adding vibrant makes thatย  simple sentence sound more complex.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋”ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋”์šฑ ๋ณต์žกํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
You can share your opinionย  or make a general statement.
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์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ง„์ˆ ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
In my opinion, spending time outside everyย  day is important for our mental health.
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •์‹  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
Another great way is to compare and contrast.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
You could say these mountains are moreย  impressive than the mountains near my work.
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๋‚ด ์ง์žฅ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ด ์‚ฐ์ด ๋” ์ธ์ƒ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:50
So start simple and then addย  complexity to your simple sentences.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
05:56
And remember, you're doing this in English.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ผ์„ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
05:59
You're thinking these thoughts in English,ย ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ
06:02
so you can make observations inย  any environment that you're in.
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ˜„์žฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:07
Whether it's an interestingย  environment like a beautiful park,ย ย 
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์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ณต์›๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด๋“ 
06:10
or a boring environment like a plain room.
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ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง€๋ฃจํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด๋“  ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
You can still make observations.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
But let's move on to Tipย  5, which is to use images.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํŒ 5๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
You can use Google Images and simply lookย  for any style of images that you like.
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Google ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
06:27
And if you're not sure what to search for,ย  just search interesting images on Googleย ย 
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋ฉด Google ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์—์„œ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
06:35
Images and you can look through the imagesย  and then find one that catches your eye.
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์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ˆˆ๊ธธ์„ ๋„๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
As for me, this image with theย  cat of course caught my eye.
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ˆˆ๊ธธ์„ ๋Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
So now you're going to make simple statements,ย  simple observations about this image.
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์ด์ œ ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…๊ณผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
The cat is adorable.
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๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค.
06:57
The cat is standing on a mountain.
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๊ณ ์–‘์ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐ ์œ„์— ์„œ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ์ˆจ๋ง‰ํžˆ๋Š” ์‚ฐ ์œ„์—
07:00
The cat looks majestic standingย  on this breathtaking mountain.
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์„œ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๊ฐ€ ์œ„ํ’๋‹น๋‹นํ•ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:07
So remember, start simple and then addย  complexity as you do this exercise.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ณต์žก๋„๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š” .
07:13
And I recommend doing thisย  for five to 10 minutes a day.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 5~10๋ถ„์”ฉ ์ด ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
And by doing this, you're going toย  turn wasted time into productive time.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‚ญ๋น„๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
Tip 6 Speak Out Loud.
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ํŒ 6 ํฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
07:27
Until now, these tips haveย  focused on thinking in your head.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด ํŒ์€ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
You can also write them down, likeย  writing your To Do List in English,ย ย 
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ํ•  ์ผ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
07:37
writing your sticky notes, butย  I want you to speak out loud.
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์Šคํ‹ฐ์ปค ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
What I mean by that is you're producingย  sound that other people can hear.
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์ฆ‰, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
Right now I'm speaking out loud because youย  want to gain confidence speaking as well.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋‹น์‹  ๋„ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
So thinking those simple statements andย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
07:59
verbalizing singing them outย  loud is a different skill.
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์ด๋ฅผ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด์–ด ๋ง๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
Now even if you're at a beautiful park, Iย  still want you to verbalize your statements.
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์ด์ œ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ณต์›์— ์žˆ๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋ง๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
Your observations say them out loud.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋งํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
If you feel self-conscious doing this, thenย  you can always just pick up your phone andย ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ž์˜์‹์ด ๋Š๊ปด์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉดย ํ˜ผ์ž ํ†ตํ™” ์ค‘์ด๋”๋ผ๋„ ํ•ญ์ƒ ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋“ค๊ณ 
08:20
pretend you're talking to someone on your phone,ย  even though you're just talking to yourself.
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ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ํ†ตํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒ™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:27
Tip #7.
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ํŒ #7.
08:28
One of my favorites, A daily recap.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ์ผ์ผ ์š”์•ฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
At the end of your day, youย  can simply summarize your day,ย ย 
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์š”์•ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜
08:37
and by doing that you forceย  yourself to think in English.
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์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ
08:41
Think of different verb tenses, differentย  vocabulary that you need to summarize your day.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š” .
08:48
You can also talk about the best part of your day,ย ย 
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๋˜ํ•œ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•˜๋˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„,
08:52
three things you're grateful for, andย  any areas for improvement today thatย ย 
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
08:58
could force you to think of some interestingย  vocabulary and grammatical structures as well.
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์–ดํœ˜ ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์˜์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
And you can also plan your day for tomorrow.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด์ผ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„ํšํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
So these are all the differentย  things you can do for TIP #7.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํŒ #7์—์„œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
Now for TIP #7.
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์ด์ œ ํŒ #7์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
You can think in your head.
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋กœ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ 
09:17
You can think about threeย  things you're grateful for.
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์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:21
You can also speak them out loud.
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ํฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋“ค์–ด์ค„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์—†๋”๋ผ๋„
09:23
You can verbalize the best part of your day,ย  even if nobody is there to listen to it.
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•˜๋˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ง๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:30
That doesn't matter.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
Now.
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09:32
You can also keep a journal which forcesย  you to write all of this information down.
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์ง€๊ธˆ.
์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฐ•์ œํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
My recommendation is that you schedule 10ย  minutes in your day before you go to bedย ย 
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์ „ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 10๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ณ 
09:46
to write in your journal, to writeย  about your day, and finally tip #8.
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, ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์“ฐ๊ณ , ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํŒ #8์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
Be patient.
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์ธ๋‚ด์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
09:56
This is so important because many students theyย  try these tips once or twice, they get frustratedย ย 
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๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ด ํŒ์„ ํ•œ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ 
10:04
because they don't get instant results, andย  then they quit or say I'll never learn English.
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์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด ์ขŒ์ ˆ๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
I'll never become fluent, but the reality is thatย  they weren't patient enough to get the result.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ๋งŒํผ ์ธ๋‚ด์‹ฌ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:17
So let's imagine that you improve your abilityย  to think in English by 1% each day, 1%.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์˜์–ด ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋งค์ผ 1%์”ฉ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
10:27
That's not very much, right?
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๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ๋งŽ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ฃ ?
10:29
But at the end of the year, how much of anย  improvement would that be, 365% improvement?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฐ๋ง์— 365% ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
10:38
That's pretty amazing, right?
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์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ž์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?
10:40
So small improvements absolutely matter.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
Getting better by 1% each day matters.
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๋งค์ผ 1%์”ฉ ๋‚˜์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ›„ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚˜๋„
10:48
You will not notice any results afterย  one day of following this advice.
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์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
10:55
You will notice some results after 30 daysย  of consistently following this advice.
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30์ผ ํ›„์— ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . 60์ผ
11:03
You will notice good results afterย  60 days and great results after 90ย ย 
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ํ›„์—๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ, 90์ผ ํ›„์—๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ,
11:10
days and incredible results after 365 days.
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365์ผ ํ›„์—๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
So you just need to be patient.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ธ๋‚ด์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
So put in the comments.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์„ ๋‹ฌ์•„์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
11:22
I'm committed.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํ—Œ์‹ ์ ์ด๋‹ค.
11:23
I'm committed.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํ—Œ์‹ ์ ์ด๋‹ค.
11:24
1% better each day.
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๋งค์ผ 1% ๋” ์ข‹์•„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
I'm committed.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํ—Œ์‹ ์ ์ด๋‹ค.
11:27
Put that in the comments.
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๊ทธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
11:29
Are you enjoying this lesson?
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
11:31
If you are, then I want to tell youย  about the Finely Fluent Academy.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด Finely Fluent Academy์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
This is my premium training program whereย  we study native English speakers from TV,ย ย 
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TV,
11:42
the movies, YouTube, and the news so youย  can improve your listening skills of fastย ย 
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์˜ํ™”, ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ, ๋‰ด์Šค ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•™์Šตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์˜์–ด ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ์‹ค๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ 
11:48
English, expand your vocabulary with naturalย  expressions, and learn advanced grammar easily.
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์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ ์–ดํœ˜๋ ฅ์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ตํž ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ์—„ ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
Plus, you'll have me as your personal coach.
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ฝ”์น˜๋กœ ์‚ผ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด
11:58
You can look in the descriptionย  for the link to learn more,ย ย 
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์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์‹œ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
12:01
or you can go to my website andย  click on Finally, Fluent Academy.
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๋‚ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, Fluent Academy๋ฅผ โ€‹โ€‹ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
12:06
Now let's continue with our lesson.
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์ด์ œ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
Now remember you're going to start simple and thenย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ
12:12
add more complexity when you'reย  thinking and speaking in English.
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์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
12:16
To add more complexity, you needย  to feel confident with verb tenses.
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๋ณต์žก์„ฑ์„ ๋”ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ์— ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:22
But did you know that only 5 verb tenses makeย  up over 96% of a native speakers vocabulary?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 5๊ฐœ์˜ โ€‹โ€‹๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋งŒ์ด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ ์–ดํœ˜์˜ 96% ์ด์ƒ์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
12:31
So now let's review thoseย  five verb tenses in detail.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:35
The five verb tenses are the presentย  simple, which makes up 57.51% of speech,ย ย 
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5๊ฐœ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•(57.51%), ๋‹จ์ˆœ
12:44
the past simple which makes upย  19.7%, the future simple at 8.5%,ย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•( 19.7%), ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ํ˜•(8.5%),
12:54
the present perfect at 6%, and the presentย  continuous at 5.1% of a native speakers speech.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•(6%), ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•(5.1%)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Šคํ”ผ์ปค ์—ฐ์„ค.
13:05
And the total of all 5 verbย  tenses is 96.81% of speech.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  5๊ฐœ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ง์˜ 96.81%๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:13
So let's make sure that you feel veryย  confident using all 5 verb tenses.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งค์šฐย ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ–๋„๋ก ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
13:18
And don't worry, because I summarizeย  everything in a free lesson PDF,ย ย 
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๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๊ฐ•์˜ PDF์— ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์š”์•ฝ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
13:23
so you can look in the descriptionย  for the link to download the PDF.
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์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ PDF ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
13:27
And at the end of this lesson,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด
13:29
there's going to be a quiz to make sureย  you really understand these verb tenses.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:34
So let's start with the presentย  simple and pay close attention.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ ์ฃผ์˜ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ฐฝํ•œ ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ์—์„œ
13:39
Because I correct mistakes from my advancedย  students in the finely fluent Academy.
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๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋กœ์žก์•„์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
13:45
They make mistakes with the present simple almostย  every time they submit their practice exercises.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฐ์Šต ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ถœํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
13:51
So pay close attention.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์„ธ์‹ฌํ•œ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
13:53
Let's review the structure.
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๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด๋ณด์ž.
13:55
For the subjects I, you, we andย  they, You add the base verb.
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์ฃผ์–ด I, you, we ๋ฐ they์—๋Š” You ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:01
Now for the subjects ** *** it,ย  you add the base verb plus S or ES.
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์ด์ œ ์ฃผ์–ด ** *** it์— ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ S ๋˜๋Š” ES๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:08
And this is one of the most common mistakes thatย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
14:11
my advanced students make for gettingย  to add that S, So don't forget that.
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๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด S๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
14:16
As for ** *** it subjects.
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****์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:19
The present simple is used to describeย  routines, habits in your daily life.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์€ ์ผ์ƒ ์ƒํ™œ์˜ ์ผ๊ณผ, ์Šต๊ด€์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:26
For example, I eat breakfast every day at 6:00 AM.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ์˜ค์ „ 6์‹œ์— ์•„์นจ์„ ๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:32
It's also used to describeย  general facts and truths.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
14:36
For example, the sun rises inย  the east and sets in the West.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํ•ด๋Š” ๋™์ชฝ์—์„œ ๋– ์„œ ์„œ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:43
And notice I added those s sย  because the sun is it ** *** it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ s s๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ํƒœ์–‘์ด ** ***์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:49
You need those s s It is also used forย  feelings, emotions and states of beings.
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You need that s ๊ฐ์ •, ๊ฐ์ •, ์กด์žฌ ์ƒํƒœ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:56
We are very excited for the concert tonight.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค ์ฝ˜์„œํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:01
Now here's one that most of myย  students don't use correctly,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:05
and the present simple is also used for timetableย  events, even if that event is in the future.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์€ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์žˆ๋”๋ผ๋„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ํ‘œ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:14
For example, the train leaves at 5:00 AM tomorrow.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๋Š” ๋‚ด์ผ ์˜ค์ „ 5์‹œ์— ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:19
It's very common to use an adverb ofย  frequency with the present simple,ย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋นˆ๋„ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด๋ฉฐ,
15:25
which is 1 easy way that you can identify it.
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์ด๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:28
The most common adverbs of frequency are everyย  day or always for seven times a week, often,ย ย 
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๋นˆ๋„์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์— 7ํšŒ, ์ข…์ข…,
15:37
usually, or frequently for about four to six timesย  a week, sometimes for three to four times a week,ย ย 
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๋ณดํ†ต ๋˜๋Š” ์ž์ฃผ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์— ์•ฝ 4~6ํšŒ , ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์— 3~4ํšŒ,
15:45
rarely or seldom for one to two times aย  week, and never for zero times a week.
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๋“œ๋ฌผ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์— 1~2ํšŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์”ฉ, ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์— 0๋ฒˆ์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:52
So let's practice this just for fun.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์žฌ๋ฏธ๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์—์„œ
15:55
Share something silly that you neverย  do or always do in the comments below.
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์ž์‹ ์ด ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฌ์„์€ ์ผ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š” .
16:02
For example, I never brushย  my teeth while I'm driving,ย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ €๋Š” ์šด์ „ ์ค‘์—๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์–‘์น˜์งˆ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:09
so share something silly in theย  comments just to have a little fun.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์‚ผ์•„ ๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ ์šฐ์Šค๊ฝ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ง์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š” .
16:13
Now let's move on to theย  past to form the past simple.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:17
You have your subject and then you have your baseย  verb plus Ed or an irregular past simple verb.
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ Ed ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:25
And there are many irregular verbs,ย  so you simply need to memorize them.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ๋„ ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์™ธ์›Œ๋‘์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:30
The past simple is used for an action that startedย  and finished at a specific time in the past.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ณ  ๋๋‚œ ์ž‘์—…์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:39
For example, I went to the store yesterday.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด์ œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
16:43
She took a shower at 8:00ย  AM, but now it is 11:00 AM.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์˜ค์ „ 8์‹œ์— ์ƒค์›Œ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์˜ค์ „ 11์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:48
So 8:00 AM is in the past.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜ค์ „ 8์‹œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:51
They ordered pizza for dinnerย  and now it's 10:00 at night.
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์ €๋…์œผ๋กœ ํ”ผ์ž๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋ฐค 10์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:56
So dinner is in the past.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋… ์‹์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:58
We sang all night, but I'm talking aboutย ย 
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๋ฐค์ƒˆ๋„๋ก ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋ €๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ด์ œ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ์ „๋‚  ๋ฐค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
17:02
maybe yesterday or the nightย  before, so it's in the past.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”
17:07
Let's review some past simple keywords so youย ย 
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์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:10
can easily identify when youย  need to use this verb tense.
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.
17:14
Yesterday, last week, month or year in 2020,ย ย 
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์–ด์ œ, 2020๋…„ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ฃผ, ์›”, ์—ฐ๋„,
17:19
at 3:30 PM four hours ago on Monday on Julyย  15th when I graduated or during the meetingย ย 
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4์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ „ย  7์›” 15์ผ ์›”์š”์ผ ์˜คํ›„ 3์‹œ 30๋ถ„, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์กธ์—…ํ•œ ๋‚ ์ด๋‚˜ ํšŒ์˜ ์ค‘์—
17:31
and remember all of those keywords, theย  actions started and finished in the past.
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๊ทธ ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ํ–‰๋™์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ณ  ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:38
Now let's talk about the future.
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์ด์ œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
17:40
Simple.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ.
17:41
Another verb tense I see a lot of mistakes with.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:44
The structure is very easy.
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๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:46
You have your struct subject will and base verb.
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๊ตฌ์กฐ์ฒด ์ฃผ์–ด will๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:51
It's the same for allย  subjects, which makes it easy.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์— ๋™์ผํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:55
This verb tense is used to make predictions,ย  but when it's based on your opinion, not facts.
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์ด ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:03
Argentina will win the World Cup.
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์•„๋ฅดํ—จํ‹ฐ๋‚˜๋Š” ์›”๋“œ์ปต์—์„œ ์šฐ์Šนํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
18:06
This is just my opinion.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋‚ด ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‹ค.
18:08
I don't know this as a fact.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค.
18:10
Someone else could say I thinkย  France will win the World Cup.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๊ฐ€ ์›”๋“œ์ปต์—์„œ ์šฐ์Šนํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:15
Notice here I added.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ
18:16
I think it's very common to use anย  opinion word with the future simple.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜ํ˜•๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ํ”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
18:22
This verb tense is used forย  spontaneous actions or decisions,ย ย 
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์ด ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์ธ ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:27
which means they were not planned in advance.
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์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ „์— ๊ณ„ํš๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:31
For example, let's say you see a womanย  struggling with her grocery bags,ย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
18:37
and she has many grocery bags.
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์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:39
You can say I'll help you with those bags.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์„ ๋„์™€์ฃผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:42
You didn't plan this in advance,ย  It was a spontaneous action.
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์‚ฌ์ „์— ๊ณ„ํšํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ , ์ฆ‰ํฅ์ ์ธ ํ–‰๋™์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:47
It's also used with promises,ย  commitments, offers, or refusals.
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์•ฝ์†, ์•ฝ์†, ์ œ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ ˆ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜คํ›„
18:53
If you say I'll send you the report at 5:00ย  PM, you are making a promise or a commitment.
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5์‹œ์— ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ฝ์†์ด๋‚˜ ์•ฝ์†์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:01
It's like saying I promise I'llย  send you the report at 5:00 PM,ย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ์˜คํ›„ 5์‹œ์— ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•ฝ์†ํ•˜์—ฌ
19:06
so the other person will expectย  it if you use the future.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:10
Simple.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ.
19:11
Now let's talk about the present perfect, aย  verb tense that confuses a lot of students.
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์ด์ œ ๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ์ธ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:17
But absolutely you must know how to use it.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:20
The structure is I, you, we, theyย  plus have plus the past participle,ย ย 
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๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” I, you, we, they + have + ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ด๋ฉฐ,
19:28
and you simply need to memorizeย  all the past participles.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์™ธ์šฐ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:32
Now for the subjects ** ***ย  is you need to use has as.
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์ด์ œ ** ***ย ๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด has as๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:37
Your auxiliary verb.
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๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๋ณด์กฐ ๋™์‚ฌ.
19:38
And the past participle Now, did you knowย  that the present perfect is also used withย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ์ด์ œ, ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋„ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋™์ž‘๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ
19:44
the completed past action, but one thatย  has a result or consequence in the present?
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ํ˜„์žฌ์— ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
19:52
For example, I have eaten thatย  is a completed past action.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, I have eat that์€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ–‰์œ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:57
Now it's common to useย  already, but it's not required.
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์ด์ œ ์ด๋ฏธ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ํ•„์ˆ˜๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:01
I have already eaten, so what'sย  the result in the present?
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์ด๋ฏธ ๋จน์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
20:07
So now I'm not hungry.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ”„์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
20:10
It's also used for life experienceย  when it's an unfinished timeline.
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๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํƒ€์ž„๋ผ์ธ์ผ ๋•Œ ์ธ์ƒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:16
For example, she's been to Panama twice nowย  because she is alive, she can go to Panama again.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ํŒŒ๋‚˜๋งˆ์— ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ€๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์‚ด์•„ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ํŒŒ๋‚˜๋งˆ์— ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:26
So it's an unfinished time reference.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:29
Or you could say I haven't seen that movie yet.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์•„์ง ๊ทธ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:33
Yet is a keyword for the present perfect,ย  and we use it in negative sentences.
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Yet์€ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์˜ ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:40
And by saying yet, you're letting theย  person know that it's still possibleย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„์ง์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ
20:44
for you to watch that movie in the future,ย  so it's an unfinished time reference now.
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ทธ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:50
The present perfect is also used for an actionย  that started in the past and continues until now,ย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ๋™์ž‘์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ,
20:57
but only with three commonย  verbs, live, work, and study.
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์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ live, work ๋ฐ Study์—๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:01
For example, they've livedย  in that house for 20 years,ย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ์ง‘์—์„œ 20๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ด์•˜๊ณ ,
21:06
they still live there now,ย  and it started in the past.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:10
It started 20 years ago.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ 20๋…„ ์ „์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:13
Very important point.
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๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์—๋Š”
21:15
You can't use a specific timeย  reference with the present perfect.
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ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
21:21
You must use the past simple.
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๋‹จ์ˆœ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:24
This is a very common mistakeย  that I see my students make.
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์ด๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํ”ํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
21:28
So you can't say I've triedย  sushi last week because lastย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ๋Š”
21:34
week is a specific past time reference.
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ํŠน์ • ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ์ดˆ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:37
So you would have to say I tried sushi last week,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
21:43
or you could get rid of lastย  week and say I've tried sushi.
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์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์—†์• ๊ณ  ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:47
Let's move on to our last verbย  tense, the present continuous.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ์ธ ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:52
This structure is I am plus verb in your ING form.
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์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ING ํ˜•์‹์˜ I am ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:58
Your gerund verb you we theyย  are plus verb in ING or ** ***.
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๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ you we they๋Š” ING ๋˜๋Š” ** ***์—์„œ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:06
It is plus verb in ING.
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ING์—์„œ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:10
So don't forget you have to conjugateย  the verb to be according to the subject.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฃผ์–ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š” .
22:16
The present continuous is used for an actionย  that is currently taking place right now.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
22:23
Now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ.
22:24
So I could say my studentsย  are because the subject isย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ
22:28
they My students are watching my video right now.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ œ ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:33
Right?
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22:33
You're watching this video right now.
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ?
๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:36
You can also use the Present Continuousย  with the future if it's a planned action,ย ย 
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๊ณ„ํš๋œ ํ–‰๋™,
22:44
a planned action in the future.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ํ–‰๋™์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:47
For example, he's attendingย  the conference next month.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹ฌ ํšŒ์˜์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:51
It's in the future, but it's planned.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ผ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:54
He's attending the conference next month orย  she's performing at the World Cup in 2026.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹ฌ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” 2026๋…„ ์›”๋“œ์ปต์—์„œ ๊ณต์—ฐํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
23:03
So even though it's way in the future,ย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋น„๋ก ๋จผ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ผ์ง€๋ผ๋„
23:06
you can still use the presentย  continuous if it's a planned event.
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๊ณ„ํš๋œ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋ผ๋ฉด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ผญ
23:11
An important note that you should knowย  because I know it might confuse students.
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์•Œ์•„๋‘์…”์•ผ ํ•  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
23:16
Native speakers use the presentย  continuous with always to stressย ย 
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์›์–ด๋ฏผ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ
23:22
the continuation of something negative.
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ์ง€์†์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:26
She is always coming to work late.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์ถœ๊ทผํ•œ๋‹ค.
23:30
So instead of saying she always comes to workย  late because always is a keyword for the presentย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์ถœ๊ทผํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ํ•ญ์ƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:37
simple, native speakers frequentlyย  put this in the present continuous.
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๋‹จ์ˆœ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:42
I don't recommend that you doย  that because it really dependsย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
23:46
on the context if it sounds correct or incorrect.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งž๋Š”์ง€ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:50
But grammatically, it's always correctย  to use the present simple with always,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” Always์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์˜ณ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:55
so that's what I recommend that you do.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:58
I'm just sharing this so you don't get confusedย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:00
when you hear a native speaker sayย  she is always coming to work late.
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์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์ถœ๊ทผํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:07
Now you know the five verb tensesย  that make up 96% of your speech.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์—ฐ์„ค์˜ 96%๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” 5๊ฐœ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
24:13
So Are you ready for your quiz?
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ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ์‚ฌ์šฉ
24:15
To make sure you really know how toย  use them, here are the questions.
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:19
Hit, pause and take as much time as you need.
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์น˜๊ณ , ์ž ์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ , ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
24:22
And when you're ready to continue, hit play.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
24:30
Here are the answers.
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๋‹ต๋ณ€์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:32
Hit, pause, Review the answers.
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์น˜๊ณ , ์ผ์‹œ์ •์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
24:34
And when you're ready to continue, hit play.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
24:39
Amazing job.
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์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ด๊ตฐ์š”.
24:40
Those verb tenses are absolutelyย  going to help you add more complexity.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:45
Now, two of those verb tenses.
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์ž, ๊ทธ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ ์ค‘ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:47
I see students make a lot of mistakes withย  the past simple and the present perfect.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•๊ณผ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:53
They're not sure when toย  use them or how they differ.
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์–ธ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:57
So let's review those two verbย  tenses in more detail, right?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‘ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ข€ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ณต์Šตํ•ด ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
25:01
Now let's compare 2 sentences.
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์ด์ œ ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:04
I saw that movie.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.
25:07
I've seen that movie.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
25:10
I'm sure you know that.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:11
I saw that movie is the past simple, andย  I've seen that movie is the present perfect.
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๊ทธ ์˜ํ™”๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ด๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์˜ํ™”๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์ธ ๊ฑธ ๋ดค์–ด์š”.
25:18
Easy, right?
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์‰ฝ์ง€์š”?
25:20
Let's quickly review the structure.
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๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:22
To form the past simple, you needย  the subject and the past simple verb,ย ย 
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๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:29
which is either the base verbย  plus Ed or an E regular verb.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ์— Ed๋ฅผ ๋”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๋˜๋Š” E ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:35
In this case we have anย  irregular verb because it isn't.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:40
I seed that movie with Ed, it's I saw thatย  movie, so it's an irregular past symbol.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ Ed์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹œ๋“œํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ดค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ธฐํ˜ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:47
To form the present perfect, you need theย  subject have or has depending on the subject.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ฃผ์–ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฃผ์–ด have ๋˜๋Š” has๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:56
And you need the past participle.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:59
For the subjects I, you, we and they you need,ย ย 
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๋‚˜, ๋‹น์‹ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
26:04
have, And for the subjectsย  ** *** it, you need has.
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have, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ** *** it, you need has.
26:11
I have seen that movie.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.
26:13
She has seen that movie.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
26:15
Now let's talk about how to use these verb tenses,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:19
because native speakers use them in waysย  that most students don't use correctly.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:26
Of course the past simple isย  used for a completed past action.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋™์ž‘์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:31
I saw that movie.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.
26:33
But did you know that the present perfectย  is also used with a completed past action?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋™์ž‘๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
26:41
However, there has to be a result in the present.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์žฌ์—๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:46
That's why we call it the present perfect.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:49
So just remember that present completed pastย  action but result or impact in the present.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋‚˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
26:56
Right now I've seen that movie.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.
27:00
So what could be the result in the present?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
27:03
I've seen that movie so nowย  I don't want to watch it.
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๊ทธ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
27:09
So now I can tell you about it.
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:13
So now we can discuss itย  and I can share my opinion.
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์ด์ œ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‚ด ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:18
So always remember there's a SO now with theย  present perfect, when is a completed past action.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” SO now์™€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋™์ž‘์ด ์–ธ์ œ์ธ์ง€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
27:26
But very important native speakers rarely sayย  the SO now it's just implied based on context.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์€ SO๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์•”์‹œ๋  ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:37
So your friend could invite you over and say, doย  you want to come over and watch Barbie tonight?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ' ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค์— ๋ฐ”๋น„ ์ธํ˜• ๋ณด๋Ÿฌ ์˜ฌ๋ž˜?'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:45
And you can reply back and say, I've seen it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹ต์žฅ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด "๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:49
Now your friend understands the soย  now you don't want to watch Barbie.
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์ด์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ Barbie๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:56
You don't need to vocalize that and mostย  native speakers will not vocalize it.
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์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์„ฑํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์€ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์„ฑํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:02
So you might say I've seen it and then askย  your friend, have you seen the new Leo movie?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ดค๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์นœ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒˆ ๋ ˆ์˜ค ์˜ํ™” ๋ณธ ์  ์žˆ๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:09
Did you notice I use the presentย  perfect in that question?
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
28:14
Have you seen the new Leo movie?
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ ˆ์˜ค ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
28:17
We also use the present perfectย  to talk about life experience,ย ย 
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๋˜ํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ์ƒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜, ์ฆ‰
28:21
things we have and haven'tย  done in our lives until now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ํ•ด๋ณธ ์ผ๊ณผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:27
For example, have you ever eaten sushi?
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ดˆ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋จน์–ด ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
28:32
To reply, you can say no, I haven't eaten sushiย  or yes I have, yes I have is the short form.
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๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด '์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค, ์ดˆ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋จน์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค' ๋˜๋Š” '์˜ˆ, ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ์งง๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:41
The full form would be yes, I have eaten sushi.
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์™„์ „ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” '์˜ˆ, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ดˆ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:45
You could add on and say I ateย  it last year for the first time.
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๋ง๋ถ™์—ฌ์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๋…„์— ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
28:52
This is the past simple becauseย  it's a completed past action.
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์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋™์ž‘์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:57
You could also add on.
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์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:59
I lived in Japan for a year.
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์ €๋Š” ์ผ๋ณธ์—์„œ 1๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:03
Again, this is the past simple,ย  a completed past action.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•, ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜• ๋™์ž‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:07
You do not live in Japan now.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ๋ณธ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:10
What if you said I've lived in Japan for a year?
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ณธ์—์„œ 1๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ด์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
29:15
This is the present perfect and it'sย  used for an action that started in theย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ
29:21
past and continues until now and willย  continue into the future indefinitely.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—๋„ ๋ฌดํ•œ์ • ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ๋™์ž‘์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:28
Now, it's important to noteย  that you can use the presentย ย 
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์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ
29:32
perfect or the present perfect continuousย  interchangeably with three common verbs.
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์™„๋ฃŒ ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ตํ™˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:39
Live, work, study.
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์‚ด๊ณ , ์ผํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
29:42
I've lived in Japan for a year.
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์ €๋Š” ์ผ๋ณธ์—์„œ 1๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:45
I've been living in Japan for a year.
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์ €๋Š” ์ผ๋ณธ์—์„œ 1๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
29:49
They're exactly the same.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:51
But this is only for those 3 verbs.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ์—๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹น๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:54
Live, work and study.
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์‚ด๊ณ , ์ผํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ผ๋ณธ์— ์‚ด ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ดˆ๋ฐฅ์„
29:57
You could say I didn't eatย  sushi when I lived in Japan.
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์•ˆ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ  .
30:02
This is in the past.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:04
Simple because it's a completed time reference.
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์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:08
It's impossible for you to eat sushi nowย  because the whole time reference is in the past.
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์ „์ฒด ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง€๊ธˆ ์Šค์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋จน๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:16
But you could also say I haven't eaten sushi yet.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์•„์ง ์ดˆ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋จน์–ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:22
This is the present perfect, and it'sย  an unfinished time reference becauseย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์ด๊ณ ,
30:27
it's still possible for you to eat sushi now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ์ดˆ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋จน์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฏธ์™„์„ฑ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:32
Why?
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์™œ?
30:33
Because you're alive.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์‚ด์•„ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—.
30:34
You could eat sushi tomorrow or next week,ย  so it's an unfinished time reference.
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๋‚ด์ผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค์Œ์ฃผ์— ์Šค์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋จน์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๋ฏธ์™„์„ฑ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:40
So let's review our uses for the past.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์šฉ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:44
Simple.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ. ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜
30:45
You can use it for a completed past action orย ย 
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์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ž‘์—… ๋˜๋Š” ์ธ์ƒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
30:49
life experience with a finished timeย  reference for the present perfect.
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.
30:54
You can use it with a completed past action,ย  with a result in the present life experience,ย ย 
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์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋™์ž‘, ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํ™œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ,
31:02
life experience, with an unfinished timeย  reference, and with an action that startedย ย 
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์ธ์ƒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜, ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ,
31:08
in the past and continues until now with thoseย  3 common verbs which are live, work and study.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ๋™์ž‘๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๊ณผ ๊ณต๋ถ€.
31:18
Now let's review some commonย  mistakes that I hear studentsย ย 
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์ด์ œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ด
31:22
make again and again with theseย  two very important verb tenses.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:28
Let's review this sentence.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:30
I've tried sushi last week.
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์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ์ดˆ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋จน์–ด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:33
What's the mistake in this sentence?
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์—๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ๋ฅผ
31:35
Do you know you can't use aย  specific time reference last week?
402
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ๋‚˜์š” ?
31:42
That's a specific time reference.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์—๋Š”
31:44
You can't use a specific timeย  reference with the present perfect.
404
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ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
31:50
So how would you correct this sentence?
405
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ์ณ์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
31:52
Write it in the comments.
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๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ ์–ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
31:54
I ate sushi last week because youย  have last week, you need the past.
407
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์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์—๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ์ดˆ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
32:00
Simple.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ.
32:01
Some comments specific timeย  references are yesterday,ย ย 
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์ผ๋ถ€ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์˜ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ 2020๋…„ ์–ด์ œ,
32:06
last month, last week, lastย  year in 2020 at 3:30 PM.
410
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์ง€๋‚œ๋‹ฌ, ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ, ์ž‘๋…„ ์˜คํ›„ 3์‹œ 30๋ถ„์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:14
Assuming now it's after 334 years ago on Julyย  15th, which is in the past when I graduatedย ย 
411
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์ง€๊ธˆ์ด 334๋…„ ์ „ 7์›” 15์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์กธ์—…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:25
because you graduated at a specific time in theย  past, perhaps July 15th, 2020 during the meeting.
412
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํšŒ์˜ ์ค‘ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ 2020๋…„ 7์›” 15์ผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์กธ์—…ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:36
Again, the meeting took place at a specificย  time on Monday at 3:30 and today's Tuesday.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ํšŒ์˜๋Š” ์›”์š”์ผ 3์‹œ 30๋ถ„๊ณผ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ํ™”์š”์ผ์˜ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:44
So it's in the past.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:46
How about this sentence?
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
32:48
We've lived here since 10 years.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 10๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด๊ณณ์— ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:52
What's the mistake?
417
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์•ผ?
32:53
Do you know the mistake is confusing for or since?
418
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๊ทธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ์ดํ›„๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
32:59
One of the most common mistakes.
419
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:01
How can you fix the sentence?
420
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
33:04
Put it in the comments.
421
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๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ ์–ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
33:05
We've lived here for 10 years.
422
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:09
We've lived here since 2013.
423
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 2013๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด๊ณณ์— ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:13
You need 4 + a duration andย  sense plus a starting point.
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4 + ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„, ๊ฐ๊ฐ, ์‹œ์ž‘์ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:19
2013 is the starting point for that action,ย ย 
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2013๋…„์€ ๊ทธ ํ–‰๋™์˜ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์ด๊ธฐ
33:24
which continues until now becauseย  it's in the present perfect.
426
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
33:28
Because remember, you can use the present perfectย ย 
427
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33:31
or the present perfect continuous withย  which three verbs live, work, and study.
428
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์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๊ณ , ์ผํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
33:39
You got it.
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๋งž์•„์š”.
33:41
Now I'm going to quiz youย  to see how well you reallyย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๊ท€ํ•˜๊ฐ€
33:44
know the past simple and the present perfect.
431
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•๊ณผ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:48
Are you ready?
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์ค€๋น„ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
33:49
Question one.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ 1.
33:51
She breakfast an hour ago.
434
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ „์— ์•„์นจ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆœ
33:55
Do you need the past simpleย  or the present perfect?
435
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
33:58
And how do you conjugate it?
436
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
34:00
Put your answer in the comments.
437
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๋‹ต์„ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
34:02
She ate breakfast an hour ago.
438
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ „์— ์•„์นจ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:07
Past simple because it's a completed past actionย  with a specific past time reference an hour ago.
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ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ „์˜ ํŠน์ • ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ž‘์—…์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:16
And notice eat is an irregular verb.
440
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  note eat์€ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:19
She ate question two.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” 2๋ฒˆ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋„๋ก
34:22
You need to rewrite the sentenceย  so it's in the present perfect.
442
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
34:27
The sentence is she ate breakfast an hour ago.
443
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ „์— ์•„์นจ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:32
How would you rewrite this in the present perfect?
444
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์“ฐ์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
34:35
Put it in the comments.
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๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ ์–ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
34:37
She has already eaten breakfast.
446
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์•„์นจ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:42
You don't need already.
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์ด๋ฏธ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:43
That's optional.
448
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ ํƒ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:44
She has eaten breakfast, so now she's not hungry.
449
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์•„์นจ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด์ œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ํ”„์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:51
But remember, a native speakerย  won't communicate that so now.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
34:57
So you can simply say she's eaten breakfast.
451
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์•„์นจ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:00
She's already eaten breakfast.
452
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์•„์นจ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:03
So you need to get rid ofย  that past time reference.
453
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:07
It can't exist with the present perfectย  question Three we three paintings so far.
454
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜• ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ Three We Three ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆœ
35:17
Do you need the past simpleย  or the present perfect?
455
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
35:20
How do you conjugate it?
456
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
35:22
Put the correct answer in the comments.
457
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๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ •๋‹ต์„ ์ ์–ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
35:25
We have bought 3 paintings so far.
458
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3์ ์„ ์ƒ€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:30
This is in the present perfect because it'sย  possible for you to buy more paintings.
459
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:38
You can go to the store tomorrow or next week.
460
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๋‚ด์ผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์— ๋งค์žฅ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:41
So it's an unfinished timeย  reference because you're alive.
461
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์‚ด์•„ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ์™„์„ฑ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:46
So it's still possible forย  you to buy more paintings.
462
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋” ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:50
We have bought 3 paintings so far.
463
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3์ ์„ ์ƒ€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:55
Question 4.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ 4.
35:56
Rewrite this sentence so it's in the past.
465
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋„๋ก ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
35:59
Simple.
466
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ.
36:00
We have bought 3 paintings so far.
467
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3์ ์„ ์ƒ€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:03
We we bought past Simple irregular verb.
468
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:08
We bought 3 paintings lastย  week, yesterday, an hour ago.
469
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ, ์–ด์ œ, ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ „์— ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3์ ์„ ์ƒ€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:14
You simply need a past timeย  reference question 5 Lingย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜• ์ฐธ์กฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ 5 Ling์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:21
as a realtor from 2005 to 2015 do youย  need the past simple present perfect?
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2005๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2015๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ์ค‘๊ฐœ์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
36:30
Put the correct answer in the comments.
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๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ •๋‹ต์„ ์ ์–ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
36:33
Ling worked as a realtor becauseย  it's a completed past action.
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Ling์€ ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ์ค‘๊ฐœ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์ž‘์—…์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:39
Your final question, you know what to do.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์งˆ๋ฌธ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผํ• ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋„๋ก
36:42
Rewrite the sentence soย  it's in the present perfect.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์„ธ์š” .
36:46
Ling has worked as a realtor andย  now we need since since 2005.
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Ling์€ ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ์ค‘๊ฐœ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ•ด ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ 2005๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:56
Or we can use for for 20 years.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด 20๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:01
But because it's in the present perfect,ย  it means Ling is still a realtor now,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— Ling์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ์ค‘๊ฐœ์—…์ž์ด์ง€๋งŒ
37:07
whereas in the past simple,ย  she is no longer a realtor.
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๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ์ค‘๊ฐœ์—…์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:11
You're doing such a great job.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ •๋ง ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:13
Think of everything you've learned so far.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
37:16
Let's do something a little different.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ด๋ณด์ž.
37:18
Let's review a news article together.
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๋‰ด์Šค ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
37:21
And by doing this you're going toย  improve all areas of your English.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜์–ด์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜์—ญ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:25
Let's review the article.
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๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:27
Right now, first I'll readย  the headline US Election 2024,ย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋จผ์ € 2024๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์„ ๊ฑฐ ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ '
37:32
Why the World is watching so closely.
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์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธํ† ๋ก ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ '๋ฅผ ์ฝ์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:36
Let's take a look at thisย  because you can say so closely.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:39
You could say so carefully, orย  you could say so attentively,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ฃผ์˜ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
37:45
which is a little more ofย  a formal way of saying it.
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์ด๋Š” ์ข€ ๋” ๊ฒฉ์‹์„ ์ฐจ๋ฆฐ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:50
And people are watching so closely, carefully,ย  attentively, because it's a hot topic.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ์ฃผ์ œ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ฃผ์˜ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ, ์„ธ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ์ฃผ์˜ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:57
A hot topic is simply a topic of greatย  interest, relevance or popularity.
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์ธ๊ธฐ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ํฐ ๊ด€์‹ฌ, ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋„๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:03
So a lot of people are talking about it.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:06
What about for you?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
38:07
For you, Is the US election 2024 a hot topic?
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๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” 2024๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€์„ ์ด ํ™”๋‘์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
38:12
If it is.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด.
38:13
Then put in the comments hot topic.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ํ•ซ ํ† ํ”ฝ์„ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
38:15
Put hot topic in the comments and don't worryย  about taking all of these notes because Iย ย 
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๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ธ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ฉ”๋ชจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
38:21
summarize everything in a free lesson PDF soย  you can look in the description for the link.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๊ฐ•์˜ PDF์— ์š”์•ฝํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งํฌ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:28
Let's.
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38:28
Continue.
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ํ•˜์ž.
๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๋‹ค.
38:29
After recently spending a few weeks in Europe,ย  the subject of America's presidential electionย ย 
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์ตœ๊ทผ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ํ›„, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€
38:36
was a constant topic of intense curiosityย  and concern among the people I spoke to.
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๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๋Š์ž„์—†๋Š” ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ ค์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:44
Now all of this that I have highlightedย  could be summarized with HOT topic,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ HOT ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ์š”์•ฝ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:49
which we already discussed was a hotย  topic among the people I spoke to.
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์ด๋ฏธ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ์ฃผ์ œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:56
Now I made a note here because sometimes I hearย  amongst, but if I hear that I know the personย ย 
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๊ฐ€๋” between์„ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
39:03
isn't American because in North Americaย  we don't use amongst, we only use among.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋ถ๋ฏธ์—์„œ๋Š” between์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  between๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:10
But in British English,ย  they use among and amongst.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” between๊ณผ between์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:16
So if you want to sound moreย  American, just use among.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ข€ ๋” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ์ธ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด between์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
39:20
But of course we know what it means,ย  concern among the people I spoke to.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์šฐ๋ ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:26
Now just notice this preposition here.
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ด ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
39:28
You couldn't get rid of it.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:30
You couldn't say among the people I spoke becauseย  you speak to someone, you talk to someone.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
39:38
So this too is required grammatically.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:40
This is a mistake I see a lot ofย  students make, even advanced students.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ํ•™์ƒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:45
So don't forget that too.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
39:47
You speak to you talk to someone,ย  you listen to someone as well.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ง์—๋„ ๊ท€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:54
Now notice here the author saidย  a constant topic of intense.
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์ด์ œ ์ €์ž๊ฐ€ ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
39:59
That means very strongย  intense curiosity and concern.
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์ด๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•œ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ๊ณผ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:05
These two adjectives have differentย  meanings, so curiosity is more of interest.
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์ด ๋‘ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์ด ๋” ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:10
So I summarized it with this emoji.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์ด๋ชจํ‹ฐ์ฝ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•ด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:13
But concern is more more of a worry.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฑฑ์ •์€ ๊ฑฑ์ •๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํฐ ๊ฑฑ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:16
So it's interesting thatย  the author included these,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ €์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ํฌํ•จํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:20
because if the author didn't, you wouldn'tย  have this idea that there's also the worry.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ €์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฑฑ์ •๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ–์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:28
So that communicates a lot byย  including those two adjectives.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋‘ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋ฉด ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:33
So I summarize those 3 common verbs.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:35
You speak to, talk to, orย  listen to someone or something.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ , ๋“ฃ๋Š”๋‹ค.
40:40
But remember that not everyย  verb follows that structure.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
40:43
For example, you watch someone, oh,ย  I'm watching my kids play at the park.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์•„, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ณต์›์—์„œ ๋…ธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:48
You watch something.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณธ๋‹ค.
40:49
I'm watching the news on the 2024ย  presidential election and no wonder.
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2024๋…„ ๋Œ€์„  ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ „ํ˜€ ์ด์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:57
By saying, and no wonder you're saying,ย  I'm not surprised that it's a hot topic.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹œ๋‹ˆ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ™”์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋†€๋ž์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:04
I'm not surprised that it's a topic of intenseย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•œ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ ค์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋†€๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
41:07
curiosity and concerned Iย  wrote that there for you.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:11
So.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ.
41:12
For another example, she's concerned about notice.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ†ต์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:16
You're concerned about someone or something.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:19
She's concerned about herย  family in Gaza, and no wonder.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ž์ง€๊ตฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋‹น์—ฐํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:23
I'm not surprised.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.
41:24
She's concerned about her family.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:28
It isn't surprising.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:29
This isn't surprising, so it'sย  a great expression to have inย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฏ€๋กœ
41:33
your vocabulary if you want to soundย  very fluent, natural and American.
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๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šฐ๋ฉฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ดํœ˜์— ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋ฉด ์ข‹์€ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:38
the US.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ.
41:39
Don't forget this articleย  because this is an exception.
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์ด ๋„์›€๋ง์€ ์˜ˆ์™ธ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
41:44
Countries don't have articles as aย  rule, except when there's an exception.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—๋Š” ์˜ˆ์™ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” ์›์น™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:50
the US, the UK, the US.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ์˜๊ตญ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ.
41:54
The US is currently involved in two hot wars.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‘ ์ฐจ๋ก€์˜ ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ์ „์Ÿ์„ ๋ฒŒ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
41:59
Now you know how this adjective is being used.
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์ด์ œ ์ด ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ์ฃผ์ œ hot์ด
42:01
Is being used in the same wayย  that hot topic hot is being usedย ย 
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์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ
42:07
and it represents a topic of greatย  interest, relevance or popularity.
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ํฐ ๊ด€์‹ฌ, ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:12
So instead of topic it would be aย  war of great entrance relevance.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฃผ์ œ ๋Œ€์‹  ์ž…๊ตฌ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์ด ํฐ ์ „์Ÿ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:18
Of course, popularity doesย  not fit in this context,ย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ธ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์— ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
42:22
so just interest or relevanceย  to hot wars Ukraine and Gaza.
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๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ์ „์Ÿ์ธ ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜์™€ ๊ฐ€์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ๋งŒ ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:29
Meanwhile, US China relations have deteriorated,ย  so if something deteriorates, it gets worse.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ด ๋ฏธยท์ค‘ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์•…ํ™”๋๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋น ์ง€๋ฉด ๋” ๋‚˜๋น ์ง„๋‹ค.
42:38
So the relationship between the US,ย  the US and China has gotten worse orย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์ ์  ๋” ๋‚˜๋น ์กŒ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ ์ 
42:47
is getting worse, has gotten worse in the present.
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๋” ๋‚˜๋น ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ์•…ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:51
Perfect sounds like it's a completedย  action, but there's a result in the present.
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ํ–‰๋™์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ์—๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:56
Now our relationship isn't good.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
42:59
If you say is getting worse,ย  it's in progress right now.
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์•…ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:06
But notice they use have deteriorated,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์•…ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:09
which means the action has happened in theย  past and now there's a result in the present.
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์ด๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น ์ž‘์—…์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:15
Well, what's the result?
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
43:17
If they don't have a good relationship, thenย  maybe be they're not trading as frequently,ย ย 
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์ข‹์€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ž์ฃผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
43:22
they're not helping each other asย  frequently or many other results as well.
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์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ž์ฃผ ๋•์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋„ ์–ป์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:27
I wrote those notes for you.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:29
So the relations have deteriorated andย  tensions in the Asia Pacific region have risen.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์•…ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์•„์‹œ์•„ ํƒœํ‰์–‘ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ธด์žฅ์ด ๊ณ ์กฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:38
So same thing, present perfect because it's aย ย 
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๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ, ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”
43:41
completed past action withย  a result in the present.
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์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋™์ž‘์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
43:45
So the tensions have already risen, increased.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ธด์žฅ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ณ ์กฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:49
There is more tension.
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๊ธด์žฅ๊ฐ์ด ๋” ์ปค์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:51
Tension is when two people,ย  they're just tense, right?
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ํ…์…˜์€ ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ธด์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
43:57
So when you're communicatingย  with your boss, your spouse,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฌ, ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž,
44:00
your friend and your tense, obviously you'reย  not going to communicate in a very friendly way.
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์นœ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์ œ์™€ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋งค์šฐ ์นœ๊ทผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:08
So if tensions have risen, completed pastย  action, the result in the present is well,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธด์žฅ์ด ๊ณ ์กฐ๋˜์–ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฃŒํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
44:13
and now they're not working together very well,ย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ž˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์ œ๋Š”
44:17
and now they're not sharing informationย  and now they're not helping each other.
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์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์„œ๋กœ ๋•์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:21
Those are just examples.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์˜ˆ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:23
I don't know if that is actually the case.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:25
Let's continue closer to home.
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์ง‘์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์† ๊ฐ€๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:28
So in this case, home being the United Statesย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
44:33
because China geographically isย  quite far from the United States.
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์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์ง€๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ฝค ๋ฉ€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:39
But then let's look here closer to home.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ง‘์— ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ณณ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:41
Well, Central America isย  closer to the United States,ย ย 
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ค‘๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋” ๊ฐ€๊น๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
44:45
so that's what the closer to home reference means.
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์ง‘์— ๋” ๊ฐ€๊น๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:49
Closer.
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๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด.
44:50
To home, Central Americanย  nations are under the spotlight.
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๋ณธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ค‘๋ฏธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:55
So if someone or something is under the spotlight,ย  it means they're being watched carefully.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ด ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ฃผ์˜ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:03
But remember, we learn those threeย  different adjectives being watchedย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ ์  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋‚ ์ด ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋” ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด ๋งŽ์•„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ์‹œ๋„ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ
45:07
carefully, closely or attentively as aย  growing number of migrants are tryingย ย 
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์ฃผ์˜ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ, ๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํžˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์˜ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
45:13
to get to the US through a borderย  which seems more porous by the day.
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.
45:20
Porous describes something with small holes,ย  holes so small you might not even see them,ย ย 
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๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ(Porous)์ด๋ž€ ์ž‘์€ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ž‘์•„์„œ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
45:26
and generally it's so liquidย  or air can get through.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ก์ฒด ๋‚˜ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:29
You might describe soil as porousย  or ground in general as porous andย ย 
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ํ† ์–‘์€ ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋•…์„ ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:36
pores are all over our face and liquidย  in terms of sweat gets through our pores.
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๋ชจ๊ณต์€ ์–ผ๊ตด ์ „์ฒด์— ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋•€์€ ๋ชจ๊ณต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•ก์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:45
So the noun is poor and thenย  the adjective is porous.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ˜•ํŽธ์—†๊ณ  ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:49
Now in this.
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์—.
45:50
Case Of course, they're not talking aboutย  liquid or air, they're talking about people.
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์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์•ก์ฒด๋‚˜ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:54
So you can imagine there's this board and thenย  if there's holes in the border, people can just.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋ณด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์— ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:01
Go through those.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
46:02
Holes.
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๊ตฌ๋ฉ.
46:03
So that is the the image that they want youย  to have by using this more porous by the day.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋‚ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „
46:11
There is almost no area of the worldย  where American leadership doesn't matter,ย ย 
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:17
which is why, again, at the topย  we can describe it as a hot topic.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์ƒ๋‹จ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:21
From Beijing to Buenos Aires,ย  people follow the fortunes ofย ย 
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๋ฒ ์ด์ง•์—์„œ ๋ถ€์—๋…ธ์Šค์•„์ด๋ ˆ์Šค๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
46:26
the US election candidates and TuneInย  for the results when you tune in to.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์„ ๊ฑฐ ํ›„๋ณด์˜ ์šด์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ณ  TuneIn์—์„œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:34
Something, or in this case, for something.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€, ๋˜๋Š” ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:36
For the results for is, in order toย  receive, you would tune into a TV show.
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์‹ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด TV ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:43
It simply means you watch that TV show.
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์ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ํ•ด๋‹น TV ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:46
But it's for.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:47
Any media.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด.
46:48
So it could be to listen toย  podcast or listen to the radio.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํŒŸ์บ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ผ๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:54
Tune in TuneIn tomorrow,ย  Listen to our show tomorrow.
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๋‚ด์ผ TuneIn์„ ํ‹€๊ณ  ๋‚ด์ผ ์‡ผ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
47:00
Watch our show tomorrow, TuneIn.
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๋‚ด์ผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‡ผ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์„ธ์š”, TuneIn.
47:02
So a great phrasal verbย  that you can use for media.
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๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:06
Now there is a great expressionย  that I thought of when I saw TuneIn,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ TuneIn์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋‚œ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:10
which is stay tuned, stay tuned.
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Stay tune, stay tuned์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:13
Have you heard that?
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๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
47:14
Stay tuned.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง€์ผœ๋ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:15
So I could say I'll post another lesson soon.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์กฐ๋งŒ๊ฐ„ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
47:19
So stay tuned.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ณ„์† ์ง€์ผœ๋ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:20
That means keep watching, keep listening.
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์ฆ‰, ๊ณ„์† ๋ณด๊ณ , ๊ณ„์† ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
47:24
Because when you tune in, you startย  watching, you start listening.
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์ฑ„๋„์„ ํ‹€๋ฉด ์‹œ์ฒญ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ณ  ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:29
So I want you to stay remain, stayย  tuned, keep watching, keep listening.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ง€์ผœ๋ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ณ  , ๊ณ„์† ์ง€์ผœ๋ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ณ , ๊ณ„์† ๋“ค์–ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:35
So will you stay tuned to my YouTubeย  channel if you will then put.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ œ YouTube ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ณ„์† ์ง€์ผœ๋ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
47:40
I'll stay tuned.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง€์ผœ๋ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:42
I'll stay tuned in the future.
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ž˜ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:44
Simple because you're promising.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์•ฝ์†ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:46
You're making a commitment.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•ฝ์†์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:48
I'll stay tuned.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง€์ผœ๋ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:49
Jennifer, please do so.
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์ œ๋‹ˆํผ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
47:51
Put that in the comments.
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๊ทธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
47:53
OK, so and TuneIn.
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๋„ค, TuneIn๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:54
For the results, so watch the results.
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
47:57
Turn on the TV, go to the specificย  channel and watch the results.
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TV๋ฅผ ์ผœ๊ณ  ํŠน์ • ์ฑ„๋„๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
48:03
TuneIn.
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ํŠœ๋‹.
48:04
It has a global audience like no otherย ย 
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48:07
election because America stillย  matters like no other country.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋–ค ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋–ค ์„ ๊ฑฐ์™€๋„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ฒญ์ค‘์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:13
But this my 6th presidential election.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฒˆ์ด 6๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋Œ€์„ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:16
So the author of this article must beย  a reporter or a journalist who coversย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ธ€์˜ ์ž‘์„ฑ์ž๋Š” ๋Œ€์„ ์„ ์ทจ์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ž๋‚˜ ์–ธ๋ก ์ธ์ด ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ
48:23
presidential elections, and thisย  is his sixth presidential election.
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, ์ด๋ฒˆ์ด ๊ทธ์˜ 6๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋Œ€์„ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:28
But this, my 6th presidential election, seemsย  to have an international focus that is moreย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฒˆ 6๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋Œ€์„ ์€ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
48:34
intense than ever, partly because the US is soย  involved in so many areas of the world, but alsoย ย 
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. ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๋‚œ
48:43
because of what happened after the last one, theย  last one being the last presidential election.
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์„ ๊ฑฐ ์ดํ›„์— โ€‹โ€‹์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋Œ€์„ ์ด๋‹ค.
48:51
The events of January 6, 2021 revealedย  the precariousness of America's democracy.
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2021๋…„ 1์›” 6์ผ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:00
So this symbol, this keyboard symbol, is calledย  an* and it's used to represent a footnote.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ธฐํ˜ธ, ์ฆ‰ ํ‚ค๋ณด๋“œ ๊ธฐํ˜ธ๋Š” an*์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:07
So a footnote is when you want to giveย  more information about a specific point.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์ง€์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:14
It might be a clarifying point.
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๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:17
It might be just more information, a statistic.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด, ํ†ต๊ณ„์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:21
Who the author is, where thisย  information comes from, Any of that,ย ย 
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์ž‘์„ฑ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€, ์ด ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์ถœ์ฒ˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€,
49:27
and generally footnotes areย  at the bottom of the page.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ํ•˜๋‹จ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:31
But for reading this, I put the footnote.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด ๊ธ€์„ ์ฝ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜
49:35
I put the footnote right here just soย  you can get the information right now.
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์žˆ๋„๋ก ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
49:41
So I'll read the footnote for you.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์–ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:43
The White House was attacked byย  a mob of supporters of then U.S.
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๋ฐฑ์•…๊ด€์€ ๋„๋„๋“œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ๋‹น์‹œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ์ง€์ง€์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ตฐ์ค‘์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
49:48
President Donald Trump.
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.
49:50
By saying then U.S.
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๋‹น์‹œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ
49:52
President, it means at this time becauseย  he's not the president right now.
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๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ์‹œ์ ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
49:58
So then U.S.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด
49:59
President at this specific time, U.S.
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์ด ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์€ ํŒจ๋ฐฐํ•œ ์ง€
50:02
President Donald Trump twoย  months after his defeat.
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๋‘ ๋‹ฌ ๋’ค์ธ ๋„๋„๋“œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
50:06
So one's defeat is if they lose after hisย  defeat in the 2020 presidential election.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 2020๋…„ ๋Œ€์„  ํŒจ๋ฐฐ ์ดํ›„ ํŒจ๋ฐฐํ•˜๋ฉด ํŒจ๋ฐฐ๋‹ค.
50:14
So this information isn't relevant to the article,ย  is only relevant to this specific information.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด ํŠน์ • ์ •๋ณด์—๋งŒ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:22
The events of January 20, January 6th, 2021.
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2021๋…„ 1์›” 20์ผ, 1์›” 6์ผ์˜ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:27
Just so you're not wondering,ย ย 
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๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์–ด๋–ค ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹ ์ง€
50:29
you might stop reading the articleย  because you're like, well, what events?
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๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:33
I don't know what these events are.
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์ด ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:35
So the footnote just sharesย  that information with you,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ท€ํ•˜์™€ ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ๋ฟ์ด์ง€
50:38
but it's considered separate fromย  the actual topic of the article.
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๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์ฃผ์ œ์™€๋Š” ๋ณ„๊ฐœ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:43
So the the events of January 6th, 2021,ย  which now you know what those events are,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•„์‹œ๋Š” 2021๋…„ 1์›” 6์ผ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์€
50:48
revealed the precariousnessย  of America's democracy.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:52
Let's talk about this precariousness.
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์ด ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
50:56
This is when something is in a dangerous stateย  because safety or security is not guaranteed.
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์•ˆ์ „์ด๋‚˜ ๋ณด์•ˆ์ด ๋ณด์žฅ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:04
Now revealed because the events revealed.
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์ด์ œ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:08
Revealed means made this informationย  known, made it publicly available.
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๊ณต๊ฐœ๋ž€ ์ด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
51:14
So these events, the fact thatย  the White House was attacked,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋“ค, ๋ฐฑ์•…๊ด€์ด ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค,
51:19
that showed May known, revealed theย  precariousness of America's democracy.
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๋ฉ”์ด๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์œ„ํƒœ๋กœ์›€์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:26
The fact that democracy, even in the US, isn'tย  100% guaranteed something like this happened.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋„ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ 100% ๋ณด์žฅ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:35
Now the world wants to know how well the countryย  will fare in its next big democratic test,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ 2024๋…„ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ธ ๋‹ค์Œ ํฐ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์  ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž˜ ํ•ด๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
51:42
which is the 2024 election, as well as the hostย  of crises that America already is confronting.
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.
51:50
So let's just pause and review this one.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ž ์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ  ์ด ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:53
The crises.
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์œ„๊ธฐ.
51:56
Crises.
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51:56
Crises is the plural form of crisis.
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์œ„๊ธฐ.
์œ„๊ธฐ๋Š” ์œ„๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด๋‹ค.
51:59
So it's an irregular plural.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด๊ตฐ์š”.
52:02
And notice the pronunciation,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์Œ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
52:04
because we have crisis is crises E So youย  have that long E on the plural crisis.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์œ„๊ธฐ๋Š” E์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜• ์œ„๊ธฐ์— E๊ฐ€ ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:13
Crises as well as the host of crisesย  that America already is confronting theย ย 
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ
52:19
next president, the next president willย  also have to deal with the unexpected.
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์ฐจ๊ธฐ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ฐจ๊ธฐ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ๋„ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:25
2023 was the hottest year on record.
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2023๋…„์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋”์šด ํ•ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:28
2022 brought war in Europe.
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2022๋…„์€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์— ์ „์Ÿ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:31
2020 brought a global pandemic no one saw coming.
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2020๋…„์€ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:37
So all of these are examples of the unexpected,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ผ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ด๋ฉฐ,
52:41
which is a very useful thing toย  do when you're communicating.
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์ด๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
52:45
An idea is to share examplesย  of what you mean by unexpected.
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์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ผ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:51
So this is a very.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:53
Powerful way to reinforceย  your ideas to communicate now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์†Œํ†ตํ•  ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:58
I like this expression.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค.
52:59
No one saw it coming.
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:01
I didn't see that coming.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:02
I didn't see the pandemic coming.
701
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:04
I don't know about you, but I certainlyย  did not see the pandemic coming.
702
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์–ด๋–จ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์ด ๋‹ฅ์น  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:08
I didn't see the first lockdown coming.
703
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ด‰์‡„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:11
I didn't see the 2nd lockdown coming.
704
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2์ฐจ ๋ด‰์‡„๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ ์ค„์€ ๋ชฐ๋ž๋‹ค.
53:13
I didn't see running out of toilet paper coming.
705
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํ™”์žฅ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:16
I didn't see any of that coming,ย  which means I didn't anticipate it.
706
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ „ํ˜€ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:22
I didn't predict it.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.
53:24
So the expression is to seeย  something coming coming,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
53:27
and that's when you anticipate orย  predict something before it happens.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:32
So here's an example.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:34
Jane was fired, which means herย  boss said you no longer work.
711
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์ œ์ธ์ด ํ•ด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:39
Here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ.
53:40
Jane was fired and then youย  can say saw that coming.
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Jane์ด ํ•ด๊ณ ๋œ ํ›„ ๊ทธ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:44
I saw that coming.
714
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.
53:47
How did?
715
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53:47
You predict this or anticipate this?
716
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋๋‚˜์š”?
๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
53:49
Probably because Jane was a terrible employee.
717
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ Jane์ด ํ˜•ํŽธ์—†๋Š” ์ง์›์ด์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:52
She did a really bad job.
718
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1960
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋‚˜์œ ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:54
She always came in late.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์–ด์™”๋‹ค.
53:56
She was rude.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ก€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:58
I saw that coming.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.
54:00
Or maybe Jane was the best employee ever.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ œ์ธ์ด ์—ญ๋Œ€ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์ง์›์ด์—ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:04
Then you can use this negativelyย  and say I didn't see that coming.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ค„ ๋ชฐ๋ž๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:12
I didn't see that coming.
724
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:14
So you could also say that.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:16
So that's a great expressionย  to add to your speech.
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์—ฐ์„ค์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ข‹์€ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด๋„ค์š”.
54:19
You will again sound very American.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:23
the US can't tackle any of those thingsย  without strong global alliances, whichย ย 
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๋™๋งน ์—†์ด๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
54:29
is why the world's reaction to this electionย  doesn't just matter to the rest of the world.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—๋งŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:35
It matters to America, too.
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์ด๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:39
All right, let's look at here it is tackle.
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํƒœํด์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:42
I like this verb.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค.
54:44
When you tackle something, it means youย  try to deal with something negative.
733
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ผ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:50
So this is only used with problems.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:53
Something negative and to deal with isย  the phrasal verb form of saying resolve.
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:00
So when you try to resolve something negative,ย  it's important to note that it's when you try to.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•  ๋•Œ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:07
It doesn't mean that you've successfullyย  done it, you're just trying to.
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์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:12
So you might say I need to tackle my finances.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์žฌ์ • ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:15
If you say this.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด.
55:16
You're saying that your finances, yourย  financial situation is in a negative state.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์žฌ์ •, ์žฌ์ • ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํƒœ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์”€์ด๊ตฐ์š”.
55:23
Maybe it's very disorganized.
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฌด์งˆ์„œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:25
You don't have a budget, you don't knowย  when your bills are coming in or going out.
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์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ด ์—†๊ณ  ์ฒญ๊ตฌ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์ œ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๊ณ  ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:31
So it's a negative situation.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:33
So you want to try to improve, tryย  to resolve, try to deal with that.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:38
You need to tackle it.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:40
And that's exactly what you'reย  doing with improving your English.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์˜์–ด ์‹ค๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:43
You're tackling your fluencyย  and I'm so happy to help you.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ๋„์™€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:49
And that's the end of our article.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:51
So what I'll do now is I'll readย  the article from start to finish,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฝ์–ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
55:56
and this time you can justย  focus on my pronunciation.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ๋ฐœ์Œ์—๋งŒ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:59
So let's do that now.
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:00
US election 2024 Why the world is watchingย  so closely After recently spending a fewย ย 
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2024๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์„ ๊ฑฐ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธํ† ๋ก ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ  ์ตœ๊ทผ
56:08
weeks in Europe, the subject ofย  America's presidential electionย ย 
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ํ›„, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€
56:12
was a constant topic of intense curiosityย  and concern among the people I spoke to.
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๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๋Š์ž„์—†๋Š” ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ ค์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:18
And no wonder.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์—ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:20
the US is currently involved inย  two hot wars, Ukraine and Gaza.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜์™€ ๊ฐ€์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๋‘ ์ฐจ๋ก€์˜ ์—ด์ „์„ ๋ฒŒ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:25
Meanwhile, US China relations have deterioratedย ย 
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ํ•œํŽธ, ๋ฏธยท์ค‘ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์•…ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
56:29
and tensions in the Asia Pacificย  region have risen closer to home.
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์•„์‹œ์•„ ํƒœํ‰์–‘ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ธด์žฅ์€ ๋”์šฑ ๊ณ ์กฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ์  ๋”
56:34
Central American nations are underย  the spotlight as a growing number ofย ย 
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๋งŽ์€
56:39
migrants are trying to get to the US throughย  a border which seems more porous by the day.
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์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋‚ ์ด ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด ๋งŽ์•„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ ค๊ณ  ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ค‘๋ฏธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „
56:46
There is almost no area of the worldย  where American leadership doesn't matter.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:51
From Beijing to Buenos Aires, people followย  the fortunes of the US election candidates.
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๋ฒ ์ด์ง•์—์„œ ๋ถ€์—๋…ธ์Šค์•„์ด๋ ˆ์Šค๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์„ ๊ฑฐ ํ›„๋ณด์ž์˜ ์šด๋ช…์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:57
And TuneIn.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  TuneIn.
56:58
For the results, it has a global audience likeย ย 
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ
57:01
no other election because Americaย  still matters like no other country.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ โ€‹โ€‹๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋–ค ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ฒญ์ค‘์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:06
But this, my 6th presidential election, seemsย  to have an international focus that is moreย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฒˆ 6๋Œ€ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
57:12
intense than ever, partly because the US isย  so involved in so many areas of the world,ย ย 
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. ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ธฐ๋„
57:19
but also because of whatย  happened after the last one.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๋‚œ ์„ ๊ฑฐ ์ดํ›„์— โ€‹โ€‹์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:23
The events of January 6th, 2021 revealedย  the precariousness of America's democracy.
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2021๋…„ 1์›” 6์ผ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:31
The White House was attacked byย  a mob of supporters of then U.S.
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๋ฐฑ์•…๊ด€์€
57:35
President Donald Trump two months after hisย  defeat in the 2020 presidential election.
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2020๋…„ ๋Œ€์„ ์—์„œ ํŒจ๋ฐฐํ•œ ์ง€ ๋‘ ๋‹ฌ ๋งŒ์— ๋‹น์‹œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ๋„๋„๋“œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ ์ง€์ง€์ž๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:41
Now the world wants to know how well the countryย  will fare in its next big democratic test,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฒˆ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž˜ ํ•ด๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
57:47
as well as the host of crises thatย  America already is confronting.
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.
57:52
The next president will alsoย  have to deal with the unexpected.
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์ฐจ๊ธฐ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋„ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:56
2023 was the hottest year on record.
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2023๋…„์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋”์šด ํ•ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:59
2022 brought war in Europe.
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2022๋…„์€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์— ์ „์Ÿ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:01
2020 brought a global pandemic no one saw coming.
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2020๋…„์€ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:06
the US can't tackle any of those thingsย  without strong global alliances, Whichย ย 
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๋™๋งน ์—†์ด๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ
58:11
is why the world's reaction to this electionย  doesn't just matter to the rest of the world.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—๋งŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:16
It matters to America, too.
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์ด๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:18
Amazing job with this master class.
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์ด ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํด๋ž˜์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
58:21
We are almost at the end,ย  so let's do something fun.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹ค ๋๋‚ฌ์œผ๋‹ˆ, ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•ด๋ณด์ž.
58:25
Let's review some of the most commonย  jokes in English, and you're goingย ย 
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์˜์–ด ๋†๋‹ด ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด
58:30
to expand your vocabulary and feel moreย  confident understanding English humor,ย ย 
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์–ดํœ˜๋ ฅ์ด ํ™•์žฅ๋˜๊ณ  ์˜์–ด ์œ ๋จธ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋” ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:36
which is a very advanced thing to do.
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์ด๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:39
So let's review the jokes together.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋†๋‹ด์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:41
Right now this lesson is all about jokes, whichย  is of course something humorous to make you laugh.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ๋†๋‹ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์›ƒ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์œ ๋จธ๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:49
Another name for a joke is A ton,ย  a word play, or a play on words.
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๋†๋‹ด์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ A ton, ๋ง์žฅ๋‚œ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ง์žฅ๋‚œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:56
All three of these are the same, andย  they're a joke about the English language,ย ย 
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์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์˜์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋†๋‹ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:03
about how words can sound theย  same but have different meanings.
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๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋†๋‹ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:08
And and that makes it humorous.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์œ ๋จธ๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:11
It makes it a joke.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋†๋‹ด์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:13
And maybe you've heard of a dad joke.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•„๋น ์˜ ๋†๋‹ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:15
This is also a pun, and it's a very typicalย  stereotypical joke, an obvious joke that almostย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ง์žฅ๋‚œ์ด๊ณ , ์•„์ฃผ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ์ง„๋ถ€ํ•œ ๋†๋‹ด์ด๊ณ ,
59:25
makes you roll your eyes when you hear it,ย  something that your dad might share with you.
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๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด ๋ˆˆ์ด ํœ˜๋‘ฅ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์งˆ ๋ป”ํ•œ ๋ป”ํ•œ ๋†๋‹ด์ด๊ณ , ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ ค์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋†๋‹ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:31
So here's our first joke.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋†๋‹ด์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:33
Are you ready to laugh?
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์›ƒ์„ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
59:35
Did you hear about the cheese factory explosion?
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์น˜์ฆˆ ๊ณต์žฅ ํญ๋ฐœ ์†Œ์‹์„ ๋“ค์œผ์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
59:38
There was nothing left but debris.
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์ž”ํ•ด ์™ธ์—๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋‚จ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ
59:41
Get it?
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๊ฒ ์–ด์š”? ์•Œ์•„
59:42
Do you get it?
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๋“ค์—ˆ ๋‹ˆ?
59:43
Now when I say get it, thatย  means do you understand?
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์ด์ œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ '์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
59:47
Do you understand why this is funny?
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์™œ ์›ƒ๊ธด์ง€ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
59:51
Do you know what Brie is?
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๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ”์ง€ ์•„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
59:54
Brie is a specific type of cheese.
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๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ(Brie)๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์น˜์ฆˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:57
It's a soft cheese and it's delicious.
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์น˜์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์›Œ์„œ ๋ง›์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
60:00
Now what about debris?
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์ด์ œ ์ž”ํ•ด๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
60:01
Do you know what debris is?
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์ž”ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
60:04
This is a noun, and debris representsย  broken or small pieces of something whole.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๋ฉฐ, ํŒŒํŽธ์€ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ๋ถ€์„œ์ง„ ์กฐ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์ž‘์€ ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:12
So let's take an example.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:14
There was a storm, a really bad storm.
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ํญํ’์ด ๋ชฐ์•„์ณค์–ด์š”. ์ •๋ง ์‹ฌํ•œ ํญํ’์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
60:17
So you have something whole, maybe a barn.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์˜จ์ „ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ํ—›๊ฐ„์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:22
But after the storm, that whole barn is inย  tiny pieces, and those pieces are everywhere.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํญํ’์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด ํ—›๊ฐ„ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์€ ์กฐ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:31
Those pieces are debris.
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๊ทธ ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์€ ์ž”ํ•ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:34
For example, there was a lotย  of debris after the storm.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํญํ’์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์ž”ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:39
And notice my pronunciation compared to theย  spelling debris E Do you notice that debris?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ์ฒ ์ž ์ž”ํ•ด E์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ € ์ž”ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
60:48
Brie sounds exactly like Brie cheese.
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๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ ์น˜์ฆˆ๋Š” ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ ์น˜์ฆˆ์™€ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:52
That's part of the joke.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋†๋‹ด์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:53
We'll come back to that in a second.
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ž ์‹œ ํ›„์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:56
So let's review our joke again.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋†๋‹ด์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:58
Did you hear about the cheese factory explosion?
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์น˜์ฆˆ ๊ณต์žฅ ํญ๋ฐœ ์†Œ์‹์„ ๋“ค์œผ์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
61:02
There was a lot of debris.
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์ž”ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:05
So explosion.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํญ๋ฐœ.
61:06
What happens after an explosion?
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ํญ๋ฐœ ํ›„์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋‚˜์š”?
61:08
There's debris.
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์ž”ํ•ด๋ฌผ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
61:10
But this is at a cheese factory.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์น˜์ฆˆ ๊ณต์žฅ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:14
And remember, Brie is a a type of cheese.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ(Brie)๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์น˜์ฆˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
61:18
So you can imagine there's tiny bitsย  of Brie, Brie cheese everywhere.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ ์น˜์ฆˆ ์กฐ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
61:24
So the Brie cheese is the debris.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ ์น˜์ฆˆ๋Š” ์ฐŒ๊บผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:28
So now you understand this joke andย  you can share it with your friends.
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋†๋‹ด์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์…จ๊ณ  ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:33
Our next joke Why did the Scarecrow win an award?
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋†๋‹ด ํ—ˆ์ˆ˜์•„๋น„๋Š” ์™œ ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‚˜์š”?
61:38
Because he was outstanding in his field.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ
61:42
Get it?
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61:42
Do you get the joke?
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๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
๋†๋‹ด์ด ์ดํ•ด๋˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
61:44
First you need to know what a scarecrow is.
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๋จผ์ € ํ—ˆ์ˆ˜์•„๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:47
A scarecrow is a model of a person that you putย  in a field, and its purpose is to scare birds.
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ํ—ˆ์ˆ˜์•„๋น„๋Š” ๋“คํŒ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ํ˜•์ƒํ™”ํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฒ์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:56
A crow is a type of bird, soย  you want to scare the birds.
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๊นŒ๋งˆ๊ท€๋Š” ์ƒˆ์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ƒˆ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฒ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:00
Scare the crows away from theย  field so they don't eat the crops.
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๊นŒ๋งˆ๊ท€๊ฐ€ ๋†์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ๋จน์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๊ฒ์„ ์ฃผ์–ด ๋“คํŒ์—์„œ ์ซ“์•„๋‚ด์„ธ์š”.
62:05
Now what does a scarecrow do?
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์ด์ œ ํ—ˆ์ˆ˜์•„๋น„๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?
62:08
It stands in a field.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋“คํŒ์— ์„œ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
62:10
So notice this part from our joke.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋†๋‹ด์—์„œ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
62:13
Because he was outstanding in hisย  field, he was outstanding in his field.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ํƒ์›”ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋„ ํƒ์›”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:21
Now native speakers will useย  the word out to say not at home,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ์ง‘์— ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์œผ๋กœ out์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ,
62:27
and we often use out plusย  gerund verb being the activity.
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ํ™œ๋™์„ ์œ„ํ•ด out + ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:32
For example, my dad's out, my dad'sย  not at home, My dad's out shopping.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์•„๋น ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ–์ด์„ธ์š”, ์•„๋น ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์— ์—†์–ด์š”, ์•„๋น ๊ฐ€ ์‡ผํ•‘ ์ค‘์ด์„ธ์š”.
62:40
It's explaining the activityย  that he's doing away from home.
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์ง‘ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:45
My dad's out shopping.
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์•„๋น ๋Š” ์‡ผํ•‘ ์ค‘์ด์„ธ์š”.
62:47
So technically you could say theย  scarecrow was out, not at home.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—„๋ฐ€ํžˆ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ํ—ˆ์ˆ˜์•„๋น„๋Š” ์ง‘์— ์—†๊ณ  ๋ฐ–์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:52
And what was he doing?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
62:53
The scarecrow was outstanding in his field.
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ํ—ˆ์ˆ˜์•„๋น„๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ํƒ์›”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:58
Are you with me so far?
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
63:00
But there's an expression toย  be outstanding in one's field.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ž๊ธฐ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
63:06
This is an expression that means that you'reย  exceptionally good at your occupation.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ง์—…์ด ์œ ๋‚œํžˆ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:14
My occupation is teachingย  English as a second language.
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์ œ ์ง์—…์€ ์ œ 2์™ธ๊ตญ์–ด๋กœ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:18
So if you think I'm doing an amazing job, you canย  say, Jennifer, you're outstanding in your field.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ผ์„ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹  ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ํƒ์›”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
63:25
The field being teaching, teaching English.
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๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:29
Jennifer, you're outstanding in your field.
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์ œ๋‹ˆํผ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹  ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ํƒ์›”ํ•ด์š”.
63:32
Put that in the comments.
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๊ทธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ
63:33
If you think that's true, if youย  if you want to like this video,ย ย 
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ด ์˜์ƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
63:37
of course press that like button too and putย  Jennifer, you're outstanding in your field.
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์ € ์ข‹์•„์š” ๋ฒ„ํŠผ๋„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ณ  ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์œผ์‹œ๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ๋ถ„์ด์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:43
But let's say that I live on a farm andย  there is a big field on my property.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋†์žฅ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‚ด ์†Œ์œ ์ง€์— ํฐ ๋ฐญ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:51
Technically you could sayย  Jennifer's out not at home.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์— ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:57
Jennifer's out standing in her field.
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์ œ๋‹ˆํผ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
64:01
So this is literally what I'm doing.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
64:05
So now you know why that scarecrow won an award?
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ ํ—ˆ์ˆ˜์•„๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™œ ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
64:09
Because he was outstanding in his field.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ
64:11
Get it?
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๊ฒ ์–ด์š”? ์•Œ
64:12
Get it?
868
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๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
64:13
Yes, you do.
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๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
64:15
Our next joke.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋†๋‹ด.
64:16
I used to be a Baker because I need a dough.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์ฃฝ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์„œ ์ œ๋นต์‚ฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ
64:20
Get it?
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๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
64:21
Do you get the joke?
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๋†๋‹ด์ด ์ดํ•ด๋˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
64:22
When you need dough, you press dough, whichย  is a mixture of flour, water and eggs.
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๋ฐ˜์ฃฝ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฐ€๊ฐ€๋ฃจ, ๋ฌผ, ๊ณ„๋ž€์„ ์„ž์€ ๋ฐ˜์ฃฝ์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
64:31
You press dough repeatedlyย  and firmly with your hands.
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๋ฐ˜์ฃฝ์„ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ˆ„๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
64:36
And of course, a Baker is someoneย  who bakes bread, cookies, cakes,ย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ œ๋นต์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋นต, ์ฟ ํ‚ค, ์ผ€์ดํฌ,
64:43
and other desserts as their occupation.
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๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋””์ €ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง์—…์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฝ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
64:47
So a Baker of course needs doughย  every single day as part of their job.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ œ๋นต์‚ฌ๋Š” ์—…๋ฌด์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์ผ ๋ฐ˜์ฃฝ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
64:54
Now notice the pronunciation of need.
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์ด์ œ need์˜ ๋ฐœ์Œ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
64:57
What does it sound like the verb to need?
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ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋‚˜์š”?
65:02
And did you know that dough isย  a slang expression for money?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Dough๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ์†์–ด ํ‘œํ˜„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
65:07
So if you said I need someย  dough, it means you need money.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋ˆ์ด ์ข€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์—์š”.
65:13
The Baker kneaded dough.
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๋ฒ ์ด์ปค๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์ฃฝ์„ ๋ฐ˜์ฃฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
65:15
This is literally what the Baker did.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฒ ์ด์ปค๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
65:18
The Baker kneaded dough.
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๋ฒ ์ด์ปค๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์ฃฝ์„ ๋ฐ˜์ฃฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
65:20
The Baker needed money.
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๋ฒ ์ด์ปค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
65:23
So now you understand why I used to be a Baker.
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์ด์ œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์™œ ์ œ๋นต์‚ฌ์˜€๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
65:27
Because I needed dough.
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๋ฐ˜์ฃฝ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ . ์•Œ
65:29
Get it?
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๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
65:30
Now you do.
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์ด์ œ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ตฐ.
65:32
Our next joke.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋†๋‹ด.
65:33
Let's see if you can get this one.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
65:35
I only know 25 letters of the alphabet.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์•ŒํŒŒ๋ฒณ 25๊ธ€์ž๋ฐ–์— ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค.
65:38
I don't know why.
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์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
65:40
Get it.
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65:40
Do you get the joke?
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ป์œผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
๋†๋‹ด์ด ์ดํ•ด๋˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
65:42
I like this one, actually.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์˜์–ด ์•ŒํŒŒ๋ฒณ์—๋Š”
65:44
How many letters are thereย  in the English alphabet?
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ธ€์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š” ?
65:47
Of course there are 26 letters.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  26 ๊ธ€์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
65:50
The person in this joke knows 25 letters,ย ย 
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์ด ๋†๋‹ด์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ 25๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ธ€์ž๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ฆ‰
65:55
so it means that they don't knowย  one letter of the English alphabet.
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์˜์–ด ์•ŒํŒŒ๋ฒณ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๊ธ€์ž๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:00
The one letter that theyย  don't know is the letter Y.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ธ€์ž๋Š” Y์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:06
This explains the I don'tย  know why part of the joke,ย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์™œ ๋†๋‹ด์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ธ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
66:11
but of course the letter Yย  sounds like the question.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  Y๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:17
Why?
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์™œ?
66:18
Why?
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์™œ?
66:19
It's exactly the same pronunciation.
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์™„์ „ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐœ์Œ์ด์—์š”.
66:22
So said another way, I don't know whyย  I only know 25 letters of the alphabet.
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๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์™œ ์•ŒํŒŒ๋ฒณ 25๊ฐœ๋งŒ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:32
So now you know joke #4.
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์ด์ œ ๋†๋‹ด #4๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:34
This is probably a dad joke.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์•„๋น ์˜ ๋†๋‹ด์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
66:36
I don't know if it was very funny.
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์•„์ฃผ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:38
It probably made you roll your eyes a little bit.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋ˆˆ์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๊ตด๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:41
But I like this joke.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ๋†๋‹ด์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค.
66:43
I like dad jokes.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„๋น  ๋†๋‹ด์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด์š”.
66:45
And our final joke, This is theย  most popular joke in English.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋†๋‹ด์€ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ธ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋†๋‹ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:49
Let's see if you know it.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:51
What did one plate say to the other?
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ํ•œ ์ ‘์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ‘์‹œ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
66:55
Dinner's on me tonight.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋…์€ ๋‚˜์•ผ. ์•Œ
66:57
Get it?
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๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
66:59
This is a good joke.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข‹์€ ๋†๋‹ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:00
You have to share this with yourย  friends after you understand the joke.
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๋†๋‹ด์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•œ ํ›„ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:05
So let me explain it to you.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:07
Of course you know what a plate is.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ ‘์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:10
And in our joke, we have oneย  plate saying to another plate.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋†๋‹ด์—๋Š” ํ•œ ์ ‘์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ‘์‹œ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:17
Dinner's on me tonight.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋…์€ ๋‚˜์•ผ.
67:19
Now, this is a joke because there's aย  literal meaning and a figurative meaning.
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์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ๋น„์œ ์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋†๋‹ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:25
So the literal meaning You eat dinner on a plate.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ ‘์‹œ์— ์ €๋…์„ ๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:30
So of course dinner is on the plate tonightย  because that's where you eat dinner.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋…์€ ์ ‘์‹œ์— ๋‹ด์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ €๋…์„ ๋จน๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:36
But let's talk about the figurative meaning.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋น„์œ ์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
67:39
Let's say I'm out for dinner atย  a restaurant with my friends,ย ย 
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹๋‹น์— ์ €๋…์„ ๋จน์œผ๋Ÿฌ ๋‚˜๊ฐ”๋‹ค
67:45
and towards the end of the meal, when theย  bill comes, I say dinner is on me tonight.
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๊ฐ€ ์‹์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚  ๋ฌด๋ ต ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™”์„ ๋•Œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ €๋… ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:52
That means I'm paying for dinner tonight.
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๊ทธ ๋ง์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋… ์‹์‚ฌ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค.
67:56
So you definitely want to go out for dinner withย  me because I always say dinner is on me tonight.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค ์ €๋…์€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‚˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ €๋… ๋จน์œผ๋Ÿฌ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ํ•˜๋Š”๊ตฐ์š”.
68:04
So that's why this is a funny joke,ย  because there are two separate meanings.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๋†๋‹ด์ธ ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:10
There's the literal meaning you eat dinner onย  a plate and there's a figurative meaning whereย ย 
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๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ ‘์‹œ์— ์ €๋…์„ ๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋น„์œ ์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:18
when you say dinner's on me tonight,ย  it means you're paying for dinner.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋ฐค ์ €๋…์€ ๋‚˜ํ•œํ…Œ๋งŒ ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ €๋… ์‹์‚ฌ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:23
Now you don't only have to use this expressionย  with meals, you can use it with other things.
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์ด์ œ ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ์‹์‚ฌ์—๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:28
For example, the movies on meย  tonight, I'm paying for the movie,ย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค ๋‚ด ์˜ํ™”๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์˜ํ™” ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:34
The movies on me Tonight you can get the next one.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค ๋‚ด ์˜ํ™”๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:38
Congratulations on completing the master class.
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๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํด๋ž˜์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์นœ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ถ•ํ•˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:42
Now did you enjoy this master class?
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํด๋ž˜์Šค๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฒผ๋‚˜์š”? ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํด๋ž˜์Šค๋ฅผ
68:44
Do you want me to make moreย  master classes just like this?
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๋” ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ฃผ์‹ค๋ž˜์š” ?
68:48
If you do, then put master class.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํด๋ž˜์Šค๋ฅผ ๋‘์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
68:51
Put master class in the comments below andย  of course, make sure you like this video.
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์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํด๋ž˜์Šค๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
68:56
Share it with your friends and subscribe soย  you're notified every time I post a new lesson.
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์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒŒ์‹œํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:01
And you can get this free speakingย  guide where I share 6 tips on howย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
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to speak English fluently and confidently.
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์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 6๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŒ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
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You can click here to download it or look for.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:09
The link in the description.
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์„ค๋ช…์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งํฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:11
And why don't you keep improving yourย  English with this lesson right now?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜์–ด ์‹ค๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณ„์† ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7