Harris vs Trump Presidential Debate ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ Learn English with the News

296,644 views

2024-09-11 ใƒป JForrest English


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Harris vs Trump Presidential Debate ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ Learn English with the News

296,644 views ใƒป 2024-09-11

JForrest English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Today, we're going to review a newsย  article about the 2024 presidentialย ย 
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์˜ค๋Š˜์€
00:05
debate between Kamala Harris and Donald Trump.
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์นด๋ง๋ผ ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์Šค(Kamala Harris)์™€ ๋„๋„๋“œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„(Donald Trump) ๊ฐ„์˜ 2024๋…„ ๋Œ€์„  ํ† ๋ก ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋‰ด์Šค ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:10
And from this, you are going toย  improve all areas of your fluency.
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์œ ์ฐฝํ•จ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜์—ญ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
Welcome back to JForrest English.
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JForrest English์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
Of course, I'm Jennifer.
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๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด์ฃ . ์ €๋Š” ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
Now let's get started.
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์ด์ œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์Šค ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ํ† ๋ก ์—์„œ
00:19
First, I'll read the headline Who wonย  the Harris Trump presidential debate?
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?๋ผ๋Š” ์ œ๋ชฉ์„ ์ฝ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
On the left we have Kamala Harris andย  on the right we have Donald Trump.
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์™ผ์ชฝ์—๋Š” Kamala Harris๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์—๋Š” Donald Trump๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
Donald Trump and Kamala Harrisย  met for the first time on theย ย 
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๋„๋„๋“œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์™€ ์นด๋ง๋ผ ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์Šค(Kamala Harris)๋Š” ํ™”์š”์ผ ๋ฐค ํ•„๋ผ๋ธํ”ผ์•„
00:34
presidential debate stage inย  Philadelphia on Tuesday night.
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์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ํ† ๋ก  ๋ฌด๋Œ€์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:39
Now, of course here notice the importance ofย  saying for the first time, this means thatย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด๋Š”
00:45
prior to the debate, for before the debate,ย  these two people had not met in person.
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ํ† ๋ก  ์ด์ „์—, ํ† ๋ก  ์ด์ „์—, ์ด ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ง์ ‘ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ์ ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ๋„
00:52
Most likely they had phone calls with each other,ย  but they had not seen each other in person.
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์„œ๋กœ ์ „ํ™” ํ†ตํ™”๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํฌ์ง€๋งŒ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ณธ ์ ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
So that's meant for the first time.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
Let's review these sentences.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค์„ ๋ณต์Šตํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
01:03
I'm meeting my boss tonight so you can meet.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค์— ๋‚ด ์ƒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
01:08
The verb is meet is in the present continuousย  because it's a planned action in the near future.
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๋™์‚ฌ is Meet์€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ํ–‰๋™์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
I'm meeting my boss tonight, but you canย  use this for social purposes as well.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค์— ์ƒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚  ์˜ˆ์ •์ธ๋ฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜
01:21
I'm meeting my friends tonight,ย  so you can use the verb to meetย ย 
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๋ฐค์— ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง์—…์  ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:27
someone in a professional or socialย  context, but let's review this one.
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
I have a meeting notice here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํšŒ์˜ ๊ณต์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
01:37
What do you notice about thisย  word compared to this word?
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด์—์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋‚˜์š” ?
01:43
A meeting.
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ํšŒ์˜.
01:44
This is a noun.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
And you know it's a noun becauseย  you have an article, a meeting,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ด€์‚ฌ, ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
01:50
and the main verb is have I haveย  a meeting with my boss tonight.
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์ฃผ์š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ have I have I have a ๋ฏธํŒ… with ๋‚ด ์ƒ์‚ฌ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋ฐค์— ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
You don't have to specify with my boss,ย  which is why this is in parentheses.
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์ƒ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ด„ํ˜ธ ์•ˆ์— ํ‘œ์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
It's optional.
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์„ ํƒ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
You could simply say I have a meeting tonight.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค์— ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
And then someone might ask you,ย  oh, who are you meeting with?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ' ์•„, ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ž‘ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์š”?'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
Who are you meeting?
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
02:13
But notice that this is notย  used in social situations.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
If you have a meeting, it'sย  for a professional purpose.
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ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด๋Š” ์—…๋ฌด์ ์ธ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
So you can only use thisย  in professional situations.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
On meeting the noun.
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๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ.
02:27
But you can use the verb meet in bothย  social and professional situations.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ ์ง์—…์  ์ƒํ™ฉ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ Meet์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:33
Don't worry about taking these notes becauseย  I summarize everything in a free lesson PDF.
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๊ฐ•์˜ PDF์— ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์š”์•ฝ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฉ”๋ชจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
02:39
You can find the link in the description.
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์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
So they met for the first time on the presidentialย  debate stage in Philadelphia on Tuesday night.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ™”์š”์ผ ๋ฐค ํ•„๋ผ๋ธํ”ผ์•„์˜ ๋Œ€์„  ํ† ๋ก  ๋ฌด๋Œ€์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™”์š”์ผ ๋ฐค์—๋Š” on๊ณผ day๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
02:49
Always pay attention to prepositions becauseย ย 
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์— ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”
02:51
notice we have on and then dayย  of the week on Tuesday night.
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.
02:56
If it included a time, what prepositionย  would you use with the time?
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:03
The preposition is at at 8:00 PM Eastern Time.
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋™๋ถ€ ํ‘œ์ค€์‹œ ์˜คํ›„ 8์‹œ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‹œ์ฒญ์ž๊ฐ€
03:09
In a situation like this where there'sย  a global audience, it's important andย ย 
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์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋™๋ถ€ ํ‘œ์ค€์‹œ์ธ
03:14
helpful to include the time zone, which isย  usually just an initial ET Eastern Time.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:21
They may have shaken hands,ย  but they did not hit it off.
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์•…์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
This is a very clever thing to say.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
Do you understand the meaning of this?
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์ด ๋ง์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
03:29
Do you understand what is being communicated here?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:33
So they may have shaken hands.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•…์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
This means they shook hands.
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์ด๋Š” ์•…์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค.
03:39
So although they used the modal verb may, whichย  is often used for possibility, it may rain.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ may๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
In this case it isn't aย  possibility they shook hands.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•…์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
So shaken is the third form of the verb.
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So shaken์€ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
The past simple is shook.
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๋‹จ์ˆœ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ํ”๋“ค๋ฆฐ๋‹ค.
03:57
So when you go like this withย  someone, you shake hands.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์•…์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:01
So Kamala Harris and Donald Trump shookย  hands, but they did not hit it off.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์นด๋ง๋ผ ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์Šค(Kamala Harris)์™€ ๋„๋„๋“œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„(Donald Trump)๋Š” ์•…์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์„ฑ์‚ฌ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
Do you understand the meaning of to hit it off?
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์ณ๋งž๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์•„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
04:13
To hit it off is an idiom.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ด€์šฉ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ๋‚œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ
04:16
It means to quickly have a good connectionย  or bond with someone that you met.
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๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ข‹์€ ์ธ์—ฐ์„ ๋งบ ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์œ ๋Œ€๊ฐ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
So you might say my new Co worker is awesome.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋‚ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋™๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
04:27
We really hit it off.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
So you met your new Co worker forย  the first time and very quicklyย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋™๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ
04:36
you felt a close connection to that Co worker.
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๊ทธ ๋™๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋Š๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
You felt like you had a lot inย  common or this is a person youย ย 
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๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๊ผˆ ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
04:43
can easily, we talk to, spend a lot of time with.
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์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
Basically you like that person, you hit it off.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
We really hit it off.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
So as an idiom, we just use hit it off the ITย  represents your relationship with each other.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ IT์—์„œ hit it off๋ผ๋Š” ๊ด€์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œ๋กœ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
So hopefully you think Jennifer and I hit it off.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ์™€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
Jennifer and I hit it off.
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์ œ๋‹ˆํผ์™€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
Now I know we haven't met each other in person,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง์ ‘ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ์ ์€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์ง€๋งŒ
05:10
but we can still have a goodย  relationship or a close connection.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ข‹์€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
And hopefully you felt that way whenย  you first started watching my videos.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์ œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์…จ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ผ์…จ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
If so, you can say Jennifer and I hit it off.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด Jennifer์™€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
If you agree with that, that weย  hit it off, put that's right.
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๋™์˜ํ•˜์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
That's right.
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05:27
I certainly hope you feel that way.
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์ข‹์•„์š”.
๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
Put that's right in the comments.
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๊ทธ ๋ง์„ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ ์–ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
05:32
Are you enjoying this lesson?
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
05:34
If you are, then I want to tell youย  about the finally fluent Academy.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋“œ๋””์–ด ์œ ์ฐฝํ•œ ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
This is my premium training program whereย  we study native English speakers from TV,ย ย 
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TV,
05:45
the movies, YouTube and the news.
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์˜ํ™”, ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ, ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ์—„ ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
So you can improve your listeningย  skills of fast English, expand yourย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์˜์–ด ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ,
05:52
vocabulary with natural expressions,ย  and learn advanced grammar easily.
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์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ ์–ดํœ˜๋ ฅ์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
Plus, you'll have me as your personal coach.
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ฝ”์น˜๋กœ ์‚ผ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
You can look in the for the link to learn more,ย ย 
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์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
06:04
or you can go to my website andย  click on finally fluent Academy.
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๋‚ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ finally Fluent Academy๋ฅผ โ€‹โ€‹ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
06:08
Now let's continue with ourย  lesson in a fiery 90 minutes.
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์ด์ œ 90๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
Harris frequently rattled theย  former president with personalย ย 
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ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ์ธ์‹  ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ง ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์„ ๊ดด๋กญํ˜€
06:18
attacks that threw him off messageย  First, let's look at fiery fiery.
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๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ๋ถˆ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถˆ๊ธธ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
This sounds like it was anย  intense, energetic, fiery.
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๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ํ™œ๋ ฅ์ด ๋„˜์น˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ถˆํƒ€์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ๋“ฏํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
So this is an adjective.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
You could say we had a fiery conversation,ย  you had a conversation with someone,ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
06:41
but it was intense, full of energy, andย  it could also be very passionate as well.
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๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋„˜์ณค์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์—ด์ •์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
So it makes sense they would use this adjectiveย  to describe the debate in a fiery 90 minutes.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ด ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ด๋ค 90๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ํ† ๋ก ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
90 minutes being the length ofย  the debate in a fiery 90 minutes.
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90๋ถ„์€ ์น˜์—ดํ•œ 90๋ถ„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ† ๋ก ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
Harris frequently so adverb of frequency.
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Harris๋Š” ์ž์ฃผ ๋นˆ๋„์˜ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค
07:04
It means it happened a lotย  more than it didn't happen.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:10
Harris frequently rattled.
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ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋Š” ์ž์ฃผ ๋œ์ปฅ๊ฑฐ๋ ธ๋‹ค.
07:12
Do you know what this means to rattle someone?
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋œ์ปฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
07:16
This is a verb to rattle, rattle.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋”ธ๋ž‘์ด, ๋”ธ๋ž‘์ด๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
This means to make someone feelย  nervous, unsettled, or confused.
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์ด๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ธด์žฅํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
Now notice the sentence structure here.
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:27
Harris rattled the former president,ย  the former president being Donald Trump.
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ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋Š” ์ „ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น, ์ฆ‰ ๋„๋„๋“œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ์ „ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์„ ๋œ๋œ ๋–จ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
So Harris rattled Donald Trump.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋Š” ๋„๋„๋“œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋ฅผ ๋œ๋œ ๋–จ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
Harris made Donald Trump feelย  nervous, unsettled, or confused.
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ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋Š” ๋„๋„๋“œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ , ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
This is commonly used in the passive voice.
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์ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์—์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
For example, the presenter.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ฐœํ‘œ์ž.
07:47
The person presenting the presenterย  was rattled by the unexpected question.
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๋ฐœํ‘œ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹นํ™ฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
So they received the question andย  they became nervous or unsettled.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ๊ธด์žฅํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
07:58
They lost their ability to communicateย  because of this unexpected question.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ƒ์‹คํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:05
But you can use it in the activeย  voice and say the unexpected question.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
This is the subject rattled the presenter.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐœํ‘œ์ž๋ฅผ ๋œ์ปฅ๋œ์ปฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
So your verb is rattle, andย  you need to conjugate that.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋”ธ๋ž‘์ด์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
It's very likely that you couldย  get rattled in a job interview orย ย 
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์ทจ์—… ๋ฉด์ ‘์ด๋‚˜
08:20
Nils exam or anytime you're speaking in English.
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Nils ์‹œํ—˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์–ธ์ œ๋“ ์ง€ ๋‹นํ™ฉํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
And that's why I'm here to help.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„์™€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ
08:27
So again, put that's right,ย  that's right in the comments.
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๋ฒˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋งž๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๊ทธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
Harris frequently rattled the formerย  president with personal attacks.
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ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋Š” ์ธ์‹ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ง ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์„ ์ž์ฃผ ๊ดด๋กญํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:36
So this is how she made him feelย  nervous or unsettled or confused.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
It was with personal attacksย  that threw him off message here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ์‹  ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
This threw him off message means that theย  personal attacks made him become off message.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋˜์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์ธ์‹  ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
Now off message represents thatย  in a debate Trump has preparedย ย 
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Now off ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋Š”
09:04
just like you would prepare forย  a job interview or you're IELTS.
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๊ท€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์ทจ์—… ๋ฉด์ ‘์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ IELTS๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๊ฐ€ ํ† ๋ก ์—์„œ ์ค€๋น„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
He knows what he wants to say on aย  specific issue, let's say the economy.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ๋ฌธ์ œ, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
He has the specific points he wantsย  to make, but because he was rattled,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์š”์ ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ , ๋œ๋œ ๋–จ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
09:21
he didn't talk about those specificย  points, which were his message.
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๊ทธ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์š”์ , ์ฆ‰ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:28
He talked about other pointsย  which were not his message.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:33
So that is off message whenย  he talked about things thatย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์•˜์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:38
he shouldn't have been talkingย  about at that moment in time.
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.
09:43
Let's continue.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
09:44
Her pointed digs on the size of hisย  rally crowns his conduct during theย ย 
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ง‘ํšŒ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋‚ ์นด๋กœ์šด ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋„ ํญ๋™ ๋‹น์‹œ ๊ทธ์˜ ํ–‰๋™
09:50
capital riot and on the officials who served inย ย 
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๊ณผ
09:54
his administration who have since becomeย  outspoken and critics of his campaign.
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์ดํ›„ ๊ทธ์˜ ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์†”์งํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„ํŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ทธ์˜ ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ด‰์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
Repeatedly left Trump on the back foot.
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๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋ฅผ ๋’ท๋ฐœ๋กœ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ
10:04
This isn't the most commonย  expression, to be honest,ย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
10:08
But repeatedly left Trump on the back foot.
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๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋ฅผ ๋’ท๋ฐœ๋กœ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
You can think of it as repeatedly rattled Trump,ย ย 
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๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋ฅผ ๋œ์ปฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ,
10:16
repeatedly threw him off messageย  words that we already reviewed.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์ ธ๋ฒ„๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
You could replace that here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ต์ฒดํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
Repeatedly made him defensive.
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๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์–ด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
You could think of as well, and you mightย  be wondering what pointed digs means.
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๋‹น์‹ ๋„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋พฐ์กฑํ•œ ๋ฐœ๊ตด์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
To be honest, this also is not that commonlyย  used, but the replacement words are.
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์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋„ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€์ฒด ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
So criticism would represent digs.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋น„ํŒ์€ ๋ฐœ๊ตด์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:41
Her digs on the size, her criticism on the size.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํŒŒํ—ค์น˜๊ณ  ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋น„ํŒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
So criticism is a noun form.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋น„ํŒ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌํ˜•์ด๋‹ค.
10:49
Criticize is the verb to criticize.
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๋น„ํŒ์€ ๋น„ํŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
So when you criticize someone orย  something, you talk about it negatively.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์„ ๋น„ํŒํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:59
So if you say Jennifer, this video was not good,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์˜์ƒ์ด ๋ณ„๋กœ์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด,
11:04
you criticized my video, youย  said something negative about it.
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๋‚ด ์˜์ƒ์„ ์š•ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
11:09
So that is criticism.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น„ํŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
So I could say, wow, that criticism,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์™€์šฐ ๊ทธ ๋น„ํŒ์ด
11:15
it hurt my feelings, but I willย  use it to make my videos better.
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๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์ƒํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋” ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
Now pointed means direct.
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์ด์ œ ์ง€์ ์ด๋ž€ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
So you can indirectly criticize someone.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„ํŒํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
You might say, well, Jennifer, you yourย  other videos were better than this one.
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์ œ๋‹ˆํผ, ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ซ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:33
So you're indirectly sayingย  you didn't like this video.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๊ตฐ์š”.
11:37
So indirect, your other videos were better direct.
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๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™์˜์ƒ์€ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:42
This video is not good.
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์ด ์˜์ƒ์€ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:44
So she was directly criticizingย  Trump, her pointed digs.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋พฐ์กฑํ•œ ๋ฐœ๊ตด์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„ํŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
This is the noun form.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ช…์‚ฌํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
But again, I think using the wordย  criticism or criticize as the verbย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ๋Š” ๋น„ํŒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋น„ํŒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
11:57
and using direct or indirect would be more common.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง์ ‘์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
Although now you know what thisย  means if you see it in the future.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
So her criticism and then this isย  what she was criticizing him on.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋น„ํŒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋น„ํŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:11
You criticize someone on something.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋น„ํŒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
That's the preposition.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
Let's continue the pattern for muchย  of this debate was Harris provokingย ย 
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์ด ๋…ผ์Ÿ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŒจํ„ด์€ ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์Šค๊ฐ€
12:23
her Republican rival into making extendedย  defenses of his past conduct and comments.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ž๋ฅผ ์ž๊ทนํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์–ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ™•์žฅ๋œ ๋ฐฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:31
So this extended defenses ofย  his past conduct and comments,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์–ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ™•์žฅ๋œ ๋ฐฉ์–ด๋Š”
12:36
you could say provoking her Republicanย  rival, this is Donald Trump, provokingย ย 
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๊ณตํ™”๋‹น์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ž์ธ ๋„๋„๋“œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋ฅผ ์ž๊ทนํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
12:42
Donald Trump into the back foot, whichย  would be into this defensive stance.
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๋„๋„๋“œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋ฅผ ๋’ท๋ฐœ๋กœ ์ž๊ทนํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์–ด์ ์ธ ์ž์„ธ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:50
But again, it would probably be more common justย  to say the word defensive to become defensive.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฐฉ์–ด์ ์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐฉ์–ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:58
Let's review these two words because they are veryย ย 
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์ด ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”
13:00
commonly used in both professionalย  and social everyday situations.
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์ง์—…์  , ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ผ์ƒ ์ƒํ™ฉ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณต์Šตํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:05
So to provoke, this is a verbย  and this means to deliberately,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ to provoke๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณ ์˜์ ์œผ๋กœ,
13:11
deliberately means on purpose to deliberatelyย  cause a negative reaction in someone.
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๊ณ ์˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
This is something that siblings do with each otherย  when they're young and even when they're old.
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์ด๋Š” ๋‚จ๋งค๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ์—๋„, ๋Š™์–ด์„œ๋„ ์„œ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:26
Friends do this, Co workers do this.
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์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋™๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:29
It exists in both professionalย  and social situations.
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์ด๋Š” ์ง์—…์  ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ƒํ™ฉ ๋ชจ๋‘์— ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
13:32
So a parent might say stop provoking your sister.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋™์ƒ์„ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ž๊ทนํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:37
So stop doing things on purpose to make yourย  sister angry, upset, annoyed or frustrated.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ณ ์˜๋กœ ์—ฌ๋™์ƒ์„ ํ™”๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ™”๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ขŒ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
13:45
Some sort of negative reaction.
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด์ฃ .
13:48
Now here defenses.
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:50
This is a noun, but the verb formย  is to be defensive, to be defensive.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์–ด์ ์ธ, ๋ฐฉ์–ด์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:58
So the verb is be, and thenย  defensive is the adjective.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” be์ด๊ณ , ๋ฐฉ์–ด์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ตฐ์ธ
14:03
You can have the verb to defend like aย  soldier or even a mother defends her children,ย ย 
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์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฐฉ์–ดํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋…€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
14:12
an animal defends their territory, for example.
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๋™๋ฌผ์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์˜ํ† ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:17
But to be defensive, this isย  defensive is an adjective.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐฉ์–ด์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐฉ์–ด์ ์ธ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:22
And this is when you protect yourselfย  from criticism or attack, usually byย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
14:29
justifying your actions or behaviors.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‚˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ •๋‹นํ™”ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋น„ํŒ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:33
So remember, you criticized my video,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ œ ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋น„ํŒํ•˜์…จ๊ณ 
14:36
and you said you directly criticized my videoย  and said, Jennifer, this video is not good.
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์ œ๋‹ˆํผ, ์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋น„ํŒํ•˜์…จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:43
Now, maybe you were trying to provoke me.
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์ง€๊ธˆ, ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ž๊ทนํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:45
Maybe you said this on purpose to makeย  me angry or upset for whatever reason.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ด์œ ๋กœ๋“  ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ํ™”๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ™”๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:52
But regardless, maybe I become defensiveย  and I tried to justify this video and say,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์–ด์ ์ด ๋˜์–ด ์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์ •๋‹นํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  '
15:00
well, you don't know what you're talking about.
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š”๊ตฌ๋‚˜'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:02
You don't understand what a good video is.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ข‹์€ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:05
This video is amazing.
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์ด ์˜์ƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:07
You're just an idiot.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ฐ”๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:09
That could be how I'm trying to defendย  myself and that is being defensive.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ฐฉ์–ดํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐฉ์–ด์ ์ธ ํƒœ๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:15
So that is how 1 can be defensive, which isย  a common reaction in that situation, which isย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ 1์ด ๋ฐฉ์–ด์ ์ธ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด๋ฉฐ,
15:22
why I'm sharing it because it's very commonlyย  used in personal and professional situations.
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ง์—…์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์†
15:30
Let's move on.
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์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
15:31
He gladly obliged.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ์‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:33
OK, So he gladly obliged if he obliged.
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋‹คํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋‹คํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:39
Remember, Kamala Harris was trying toย  provoke him to make defenses about hisย ย 
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, Kamala Harris๋Š” ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณ€ํ˜ธํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ž๊ทนํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:47
past conduct and comments commentsย  rather than staying on message.
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.
15:53
And he obliged, which means heย  did what she wanted him to do.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋‹คํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:00
He gladly obliged, raising his voice.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ์‘ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋†’์˜€๋‹ค.
16:04
So to raise one's voice means to speakย  louder at times and shaking his head.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ”๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:11
So what I'm doing now is I'm shaking my head.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๊ณ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ”๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:13
We commonly do this when we're angry or annoyed.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์งœ์ฆ์ด ๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ ํ”ํžˆ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:17
We shake our heads.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์ €์—ˆ๋‹ค.
16:19
So you can imagine he's raisingย  his voice and shaking his head,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ๊ณ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ”๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:24
both of which are taking him offย  message, which is what she wanted to do.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋–ผ์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์›ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค
16:32
If debates are won and lost on whichย  candidate best takes advantage of issuesย ย 
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ํ›„๋ณด์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ•์ ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์•ฝ์ ์„ ๋ฐฉ์–ดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํŽธํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ† ๋ก ์—์„œ ์ด๊ธฐ๊ณ  ํŒจํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
16:39
where they are strong and defendsย  or deflects on areas of weakness.
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16:44
Tuesday night tilted inย  favor of the vice president.
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ํ™”์š”์ผ ๋ฐค์€ ๋ถ€ํ†ต๋ น์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„
16:50
Let's review the sentence structure for to takeย ย 
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ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:53
advantage of something becauseย  this is very commonly used.
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16:57
So of course, your verb is take.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” take์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:59
That's what you'll conjugateย  advantage doesn't change andย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์žฅ์ ์€ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
17:03
then of and you can have a noun or a gerund verb.
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of ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:07
Here we have a noun issues, butย  if you have a verb it would be theย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
17:13
gerund because you have a prepositionย  of which is part of the expression.
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ํ‘œํ˜„์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:17
The expression expression is to takeย  advantage of something or doing something.
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ํ‘œํ˜„ ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:23
And this means to use a situation, theย  something or doing something to your benefit.
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์ด๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒํ™ฉ, ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:32
So for example, he took advantage of.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:35
So take is our verb.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ take ๊ฐ€ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:37
This is in the past simple.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•จ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:38
He took advantage of working.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:41
So this is the gerund verb of working from home.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์žฌํƒ๊ทผ๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:45
So he benefited from this situation.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด์ต์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:48
The situation is working from home and how didย  he benefit to spend more time with his family?
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์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ์žฌํƒ๊ทผ๋ฌด์ธ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ์–ด๋–ค ์ด์ ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
17:55
You don't have to include this part.
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์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ผญ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:58
The sentence is complete right here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์™„์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:00
He took advantage of working fromย  home and it might be obvious howย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์žฌํƒ๊ทผ๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
18:05
he benefited from that situation, but youย  can provide the specific reason as well.
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๊ทธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ํ˜œํƒ์„ ์ž…์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ด์œ ๋„ ์ œ์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:12
Now we talked about defend.
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:14
Let's look at deflect.
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ํŽธํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:16
When you deflect, it means you avoid usuallyย  answering a question and you do it on purpose.
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ํŽธํ–ฅํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:25
So to purposely avoid.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ ํ”ผํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ ์š”.
18:28
And you might do that by changing the topic.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:33
So in a job interview, if they ask youย  a question but you don't want to answerย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ทจ์—… ๋ฉด์ ‘์—์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์ด์œ ๋กœ๋“  ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
18:39
the question for whatever reason, you couldย  try to change the topic to something else.
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์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:46
So that is you deflecting the question.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํŽธํ–ฅ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:49
So in this case, deflecting on areas ofย  weakness so to try to avoid talking aboutย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์•ฝ์ ์„ ํŽธํ–ฅํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์•ฝ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
18:59
your areas of weakness, which seemsย  like a good strategy in a job interviewย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ์ทจ์—… ๋ฉด์ ‘์—์„œ ์ข‹์€ ์ „๋žต์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ
19:04
and high health a conversation you'reย  having with your friend or Co worker.
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์นœ๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ์™€ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ด ์ข‹์•„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™”์š”์ผ ๋ฐค์„ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํŽธํ–ฅ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”
19:09
Any situation you might want to use this tacticย  of deflecting Tuesday night tilted in favor.
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์ด ์ „์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
19:19
So imagine we have these representย  the people who are voting.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํˆฌํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
19:24
So we have the people voting for Kamalaย  Harris, the people voting for Donald Trump.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” Kamala Harris์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค , Donald Trump์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:30
So if it tilts in her favor, it meansย  that more people support Kamala Harris.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์šธ๋ฉด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด Kamala Harris๋ฅผ ์ง€์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:37
So it's even, but then it tilts in her favor.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ท ๋“ฑํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์šธ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:41
But it could be the opposite.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:43
It's even and it tilts in Trump's favor.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ท ๋“ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์šธ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:46
So it means that the more peopleย  are supporting or accepting oneย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
19:53
person over another or 1 issue over another.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:59
Let's continue.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
20:01
A snap CNN poll of voters watching saidย ย 
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์‹œ์ฒญํ•œ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ CNN์˜ ์Šค๋ƒ… ์—ฌ๋ก ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋Š”
20:05
that Harris performed better andย  betting markets said the same.
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ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์„ฑ์ ์„ ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”๊ณ  ๋ฒ ํŒ… ์‹œ์žฅ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:10
So CNN, this is a different news outlet.
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CNN์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‰ด์Šค ๋งค์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:13
The article we're reviewing is from the BBC,ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ์ค‘์ธ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” BBC์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
20:17
but this article from the BBCย  is referencing a poll from CNN.
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BBC์˜ ์ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” CNN์˜ ์—ฌ๋ก ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:25
Let's review Snap because this is commonly used.
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Snap์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:29
So this means suddenly or quickly,ย ย 
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์ฆ‰, ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋น ๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป
20:32
but so suddenly or quickly that there isn'tย  enough time for careful consideration.
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์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋นจ๋ผ์„œ ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:38
So it's letting you know that this pollย  where voters say I think Harris won,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋‚ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒผ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ
20:45
I think Trump won, it was a snap.
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ํ•˜๊ณ ย ย ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒผ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ์—ฌ๋ก ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:48
So that is to snap, the verb to snap.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ snap, ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” snap์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:53
And it happens very quickly, right?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด์ฃ , ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
20:55
So it was a snap poll, meaning that the votersย ย 
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์ฆ‰, ์ฆ‰์„ ์—ฌ๋ก ์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค์€
20:58
didn't have a lot of time to carefullyย  consider who won or who lost.
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒผ๊ณ  ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์กŒ๋Š”์ง€ ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”
21:06
Let's review these example sentencesย  because this is commonly used.
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์˜ˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
21:09
First impressions are important, so whenย  you meet someone for the first time,ย ย 
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์ฒซ์ธ์ƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
21:15
how they think of you after their firstย  impression is important because people makeย ย 
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์ฒซ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์„ฑ๊ธ‰ํžˆ
21:23
snap judgements, so they judge you quicklyย  and suddenly without carefully considering.
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ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ ค ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์„ฑ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:30
It's a snap judgement.
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์„ฑ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ํŒ๋‹จ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:32
This is also used with decisions.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ •์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:34
You can make a snap decision, which meansย  you do it careful, quickly or suddenly.
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์ฆ‰์„์—์„œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ
21:40
Not carefully, quickly or suddenlyย  without careful consideration.
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, ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ .
21:45
I made a snap decision and accepted the job.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:49
So you didn't carefully consider it.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:52
It was a snap decision.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:55
Debate watchers said 63% to 37% that Harris turnedย  in a better performance on stage in Philadelphia.
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ํ† ๋ก  ๊ด€์ฐฐ์ž๋“ค์€ ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ํ•„๋ผ๋ธํ”ผ์•„ ๋ฌด๋Œ€์—์„œ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  63~37%๋กœ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:06
So turned in a better performance.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:09
I don't think this is theย  most common way to say this.
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๋‚ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:12
I would just say that Harris performedย  better on stage in Philadelphia.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ํ•„๋ผ๋ธํ”ผ์•„ ๋ฌด๋Œ€์—์„œ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์„ฑ์ ์„ ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:17
I think that's a clearer way.
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๋‚ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„.
22:19
And it's not very common to sayย  I turned in a great performance.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:24
That isn't an expression I hear too much.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ฃ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:27
You can turn in an assignment, whichย  means you submit an assignment.
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๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:34
So if you turn in a presentation, to me thatย  sounds like you submit a presentation for review.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์„ ์ œ์ถœํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์„ ์ œ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:42
So honestly, I wouldn't say this.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:45
I would just say performed better.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:48
I think that's a lot clearer prior to the debate.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ† ๋ก ์— ์•ž์„œ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:53
So notice when you use prior,ย  you need the preposition to.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ before๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:58
So you have prior to and thisย  means before before the debate.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด์ „์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ํ† ๋ก  ์ด์ „์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:05
Prior to.
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์•ž์„œ์„œ. ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
23:06
This is important because if you haveย  a verb, you need the gerund verb.
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์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:11
But the same with before, becauseย  before is also a preposition.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ before๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. before๋„ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:17
So you could use a verb and sayย  prior to watching the debate orย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ before watch the ํ† ๋ก ,
23:23
before watching the debate or before theย  debate because they mean the same thing.
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before looking the ํ† ๋ก  ๋˜๋Š” before the ํ† ๋ก  ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:30
Prior to the debate, the sameย  voters were evenly split.
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ํ† ๋ก  ์ „์—๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•œ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ท ๋“ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜๋‰˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:34
So evenly split means like this.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ท ๋“ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„ํ• ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:37
So about 5050, not exactly.
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์•ฝ 5050์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:41
It could be a little more, a little less, butย  then remember it tilted in Kamala's favor,ย ย 
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋งŽ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„, ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, Kamala์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
23:48
so more people supported orย  favored Kamala as the winner.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด Kamala๋ฅผ ์Šน์ž๋กœ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„ ํ˜ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:54
But prior to the debate, the same voters wereย  evenly split on which candidate would performย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ† ๋ก ์— ์•ž์„œ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋Š ํ›„๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ท ๋“ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜๋‰˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
24:00
more strongly, with 50% saying Harrisย  would do so and 50% that Trump would.
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50%๋Š” ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ–ˆ๊ณ  50%๋Š” ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:08
So that's the split.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ถ„ํ• ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:12
The vast majority, vast makes it sound stronger.
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๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜, ๊ด‘๋Œ€ํ•จ์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:18
Majority means the biggest part,ย  but that could be 51% to 49 percent.
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๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์˜๋ฏธ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 51%~49%์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:25
51 is still the majority because it's bigger, butย  the vast majority sounds more like 80% or 75%.
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51์ด ๋” ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ 80% ๋˜๋Š” 75%์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:35
So it makes it stronger.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ•ํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:38
The vast majority who tuned in, if youย  tune in to something on TV, YouTube,ย ย 
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์‹œ์ฒญํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” TV, YouTube, ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์—์„œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
24:48
social media, if you tune in, it means you watch.
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์‹œ์ฒญํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:53
So I could say make sure youย  tune in to my next lesson.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๊ผญ ๋“ค์œผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:57
Make sure you watch my next lesson.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ•์˜๋„ ๊ผญ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
25:02
So the vast majority who watched, who tuned in,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ์ฒญํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ๊ฒฐ์ •
25:05
said it had no effect onย  their presidential decision.
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์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
25:10
OK, so the people who watched the debate,ย ย 
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ† ๋ก ์„ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
25:13
even though it tilted in Kamala'sย  favor, more people thought she won.
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๋น„๋ก ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์นด๋ง๋ผ์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒผ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:19
It had no effect on their presidential decision.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,
25:24
Which means just because theyย  thought she won the debateย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ํ† ๋ก ์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒผ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
25:28
doesn't mean they're goingย  to vote for her necessarily.
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๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌํ‘œํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:34
Although among the debate watchers,ย  Trump supporters were more likely thanย ย 
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ํ† ๋ก  ๊ด€์ฐฐ์ž ์ค‘์—๋Š” ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์Šค ์ง€์ง€์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ์ง€์ง€์ž๊ฐ€
25:40
Harris supporters to say the event, Theย  debate gave them reason to reconsider.
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์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋” ๋†’์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ† ๋ก ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์žฌ๊ณ ํ•  ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
25:48
OK, so if you reconsider, rememberย  when you add re before a verb andย ย 
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์ž, ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋™์‚ฌ ์•ž์— re๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด
25:54
the pronunciation is a long E re reconsider.
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๋ฐœ์Œ์ด ๊ธธ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. E re reconsider.
25:59
It means you do the verb again.
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์ด๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:02
So this means to consider again.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค.
26:05
So if you make a snap decision later, youย  might want to reconsider that decision.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:13
You might want to think aboutย  it more because in reality,ย ย 
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š”
26:20
you didn't consider it in the firstย  place because it was a snap decision.
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์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด๋ผ ์• ์ดˆ์— ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ข€ ๋” ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:26
I wrote that example forย  you because snap decision,ย ย 
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์“ด ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฐ์ •,
26:30
snap judgement is very commonly usedย  so you can get comfortable using it.
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์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ํŒ๋‹จ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:34
And that's the end of our article.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:36
So what I'll do now is I'll readย  the article from start to finish,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฝ์–ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
26:40
and this time you can focus on my pronunciation.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ๋ฐœ์Œ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:43
Who won the Harris, Trump presidential debate?
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ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์Šค-ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ๋Œ€์„  ํ† ๋ก ํšŒ ์Šน์ž๋Š”?
26:47
Donald Trump and Kamala Harrisย  met for the first time on theย ย 
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๋„๋„๋“œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์™€ ์นด๋ง๋ผ ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์Šค(Kamala Harris)๋Š” ํ™”์š”์ผ ๋ฐค ํ•„๋ผ๋ธํ”ผ์•„
26:51
presidential debate stage inย  Philadelphia on Tuesday night.
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์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ํ† ๋ก  ๋ฌด๋Œ€์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
26:55
They may have shaken hands, but they didย  not hit it off in a fiery 90 minutes.
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์•…์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, 90๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ™”๋ˆํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‘์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:01
Harris frequently rattled the former presidentย  with personal attacks that threw him off message.
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ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋Š” ์ธ์‹  ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ง ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์„ ์ž์ฃผ ๊ดด๋กญํ˜€ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:08
Her pointed digs on the size of his rallyย  crowns, his conduct during the capitalย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์ง‘ํšŒ ์™•๊ด€์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ , ์ˆ˜๋„ ํญ๋™ ์ค‘ ๊ทธ์˜ ํ–‰๋™,
27:13
riot and on the officials who servedย  in his administration who have sinceย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ดํ›„
27:18
become outspoken critics of his campaign,ย  repeatedly left Trump on the back foot.
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๊ทธ์˜ ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ธ๊ณจ์ ์ธ ๋น„ํŒ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๊ทธ์˜ ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ด‰์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋ฅผ ๋’ท๊ฑธ์Œ์งˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:25
The pattern for much of thisย  debate was Harris provokingย ย 
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์ด ํ† ๋ก ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํŒจํ„ด์€ ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ž๋ฅผ ์ž๊ทนํ•˜์—ฌ
27:28
her Republican rival into making extendedย  defenses of his past conduct and comments.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์–ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ™•์žฅ๋œ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:34
He gladly obliged, raising hisย  voice at times and shaking his head.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ๊ณ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์ €์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ์‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์–ด๋–ค
27:40
If debates are won and lost on whichย  candidate best takes advantage of issuesย ย 
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ํ›„๋ณด์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ•์ ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์•ฝ์ ์„ ๋ฐฉ์–ดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํŽธํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ† ๋ก ์—์„œ ์ด๊ธฐ๊ณ  ํŒจํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
27:45
where they are strong and defendsย  or deflects on areas of weakness.
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.
27:50
Tuesday night tilted inย  favor of the vice president.
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ํ™”์š”์ผ ๋ฐค์€ ๋ถ€ํ†ต๋ น์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๋ฅผ
27:54
A snap CNN pool of voters watching said thatย ย 
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์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๋Š” CNN์˜ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž ํ’€์€
27:58
Harris performed better andย  betting market said the same.
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ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์„ฑ์ ์„ ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๋ฒ ํŒ… ์‹œ์žฅ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:02
Debate watchers said 63% to 37% that Harris turnedย  in a better performance on stage in Philadelphia.
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ํ† ๋ก  ๊ด€์ฐฐ์ž๋“ค์€ ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ํ•„๋ผ๋ธํ”ผ์•„ ๋ฌด๋Œ€์—์„œ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  63~37%๋กœ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:11
Prior to the debate, the same votersย  were evenly split on which candidateย ย 
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ํ† ๋ก ์— ์•ž์„œ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ค ํ›„๋ณด๊ฐ€
28:15
would perform more strongly, with 50% sayingย  Harris would do so and 50% that Trump would.
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๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ท ๋“ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ 50%๋Š” ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ–ˆ๊ณ  50%๋Š” ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:23
The vast majority who tuned in said it hadย  no effect on the presidential decision,ย ย 
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์‹œ์ฒญํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
28:28
although among the debate watchers,ย  Trump supporters were more likelyย ย 
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ํ† ๋ก  ๊ด€์ฐฐ์ž๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ๋Š” ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ์ง€์ง€์ž๋“ค์ด
28:32
than Harris supporters to say theย  event gave them reason to reconsider.
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ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์Šค ์ง€์ง€์ž๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ์ด ํ–‰์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๊ณ ํ•  ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋” ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:37
Do you want me to make moreย  lessons just like this?
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
28:40
If you do, then put more,ย  more, more, more, more, more.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋”, ๋”, ๋”, ๋”, ๋”, ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
28:43
Put more, more, more in the comments below.
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์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๋”, ๋”, ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ ์–ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
28:46
And, of course, make sure you like this lesson,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ์…จ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ,
28:48
share it with your friends and subscribe soย  you're notified every time I post a new lesson.
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์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒŒ์‹œํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:53
And you can get this free speakingย  guide where I share 6 tips on howย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 6๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŒ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:56
to speak English fluently and confidently.
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28:58
You can click here to download it orย  look for the link in the description.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
29:02
And I have another news review aboutย  the 2024 presidential election.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  2024๋…„ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ์„ ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‰ด์Šค ๋ฆฌ๋ทฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
29:07
You can watch watch it right now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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