TWO HOUR ENGLISH LESSON - Learn English Through Stories And Improve Your Fluency

50,368 views

2023-03-06 ใƒป JForrest English


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TWO HOUR ENGLISH LESSON - Learn English Through Stories And Improve Your Fluency

50,368 views ใƒป 2023-03-06

JForrest English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Welcome to JForrest English training. I'm Jennifer and today you're going to learn English
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JForrest่‹ฑ่ชžใƒˆใƒฌใƒผใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚ ็งใฏ ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใŠ่ฉฑใ‚’้€šใ—ใฆ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ™
00:05
through stories. We're going to review four different news articles. And through this
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ใ€‚ 4 ใค ใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚น่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ
00:11
review, you're going to learn a lot of advanced vocabulary, advanced grammar, and even the
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ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ‚’้€šใ—ใฆใ€้ซ˜ๅบฆใช ่ชžๅฝ™ใ€้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใฏ
00:18
correct pronunciation. Let's get started.
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ๆญฃใ—ใ„็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™. ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:22
As you can imagine, we're talking about Twitter today. So let me read the headline for you.
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ใ”ๆƒณๅƒใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ Twitter ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใ‚’ใŠ่ชญใฟใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:30
Elon Musk is said to have ordered John putts across Twitter. Now let's clarify job cuts
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ใ‚คใƒผใƒญใƒณใƒปใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฏใฏใƒ„ใ‚คใƒƒใ‚ฟใƒผใงใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใƒปใƒ‘ใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’ๅ‘ฝใ˜ใŸใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใ€‚
00:39
because this is very important for the article. Job paths. This means job reductions when
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่จ˜ไบ‹ใซใจใฃใฆ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใชใฎใงใ€ไบบๅ“กๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ‚’ๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ธใƒงใƒ– ใƒ‘ใ‚นใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚ธใƒงใƒ–ใ‚’ใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ‚ธใƒงใƒ–ใฎๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
00:47
you cut jobs, you reduce the number of jobs so here the word cut is being used as a verb
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ใ€‚ใ‚ธใƒงใƒ–ใฎๆ•ฐใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™
00:59
to cut but we're not talking about scissors with paper in this context of job cuts. Cut
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ใŒใ€ ใ“ใฎใ‚ธใƒงใƒ–ใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใงใฏ็ด™ใงใƒใ‚ตใƒŸใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“. ใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใฏ
01:06
means reduction cuts, so we use this specifically with jobs, job hunt. We can also use this
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ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€็‰นใซ ไป•ไบ‹ใ€ๅฐฑ่ทๆดปๅ‹•ใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
01:15
with finances. You hear this a lot with the government. They might talk about budget cuts,
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้‡‘่žใซใ‚‚ไฝฟใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ”ฟๅบœใจใ‚ˆใ่€ณใซใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไบˆ็ฎ—ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:22
which means reductions, they're reducing the amount of money available budget cuts you
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:31
can hear that in government but you can also hear it in the private sector. They might
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ๆ”ฟๅบœใงใฏไบˆ็ฎ—ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ‚’่€ณใซใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ๆฐ‘้–“้ƒจ้–€ใงใ‚‚่€ณใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไบˆ็ฎ—ใ‚’ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„
01:35
have budget cuts, so you don't get a bonus that year. So job has reduction. And as an
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ใฎใงใ€ใใฎๅนดใฏใƒœใƒผใƒŠใ‚นใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ไป•ไบ‹ใซใฏ้‚„ๅ…ƒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€
01:44
example sentence you might say, my company cut jobs this year. You can include a number
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ไพ‹ๆ–‡ใจใ—ใฆใ€็งใฎไผš็คพใฏ ไปŠๅนดใ€ไบบๅ“กใ‚’ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ๆ•ฐๅญ—ใ‚’ๅซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
01:55
you can say, my company cut 500 jobs this year. For example. Or the company might say
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ใ€็งใฎไผš็คพใฏไปŠๅนด500ไบบใ‚’ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ . ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ไผš็คพใฏ
02:08
we need to cut jobs by 10%. Or you can have a specific number by 500 500 individual jobs.
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ไบบๅ“กใ‚’ 10% ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ 500 500 ๅ€‹ใฎใ‚ธใƒงใƒ–ใ”ใจใซ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ•ฐใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:21
So those are some example sentences you'll likely see. Let's move on Elon Musk, who if
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€ ใŠใใ‚‰ใ็›ฎใซใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ‚ใ‚ใ†ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:28
you didn't know is the owner of Twitter. He recently purchased Twitter. I think it says
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Twitterใฎๆ‰€ๆœ‰่€…ใงใ‚ใ‚‹Elon Muskใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏ ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€Twitter ใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:36
that in the article will soon find out. Elon Musk plan to begin laying off workers at Twitter
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่จ˜ไบ‹ใงใ™ใใซใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚คใƒผใƒญใƒณใƒป ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฏใฏๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใซใ‚‚ใƒ„ใ‚คใƒƒใ‚ฟใƒผใงๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใฎใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚’้–‹ๅง‹ใ™ใ‚‹ไบˆๅฎšใงใ€
02:44
as soon as Saturday for people with knowledge of the matter sent with some managers being
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ๅ•้กŒใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ€…ใŒไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใฎใƒžใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใซ้€ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ€
02:51
asked to draw up lists of employees to cut okay, we already know what this is employees
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่งฃ้›‡ใ™ใ‚‹ๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ
02:59
to cut. So we know that those employees their job is going to be eliminated because they
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใฏ ไป•ไบ‹ใฎๆ•ฐใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎไป•ไบ‹ใŒๆŽ’้™คใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
03:06
need to reduce the number of jobs. Now, to draw up lists. You might be thinking of the
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. ใ•ใฆใ€ ใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:15
verb draw, draw a picture, but notice this isn't just the verb draw what is this because
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ๅ‹•่ฉž drawใ€draw a picture ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๅ‹•่ฉž draw ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:21
we have draw up draw up so if we have a verb and a preposition up on in, then we know it's
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03:31
a phrasal verb and phrasal verbs have different meanings. From the regular verb. So to draw
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ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใจๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
03:39
up in this context, to draw up lists, when you drop lists is simply is another way of
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใงไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ ใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ใƒ‰ใƒญใƒƒใƒ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€
03:46
saying prepare, prepare. Well we use this phrasal verb to draw up in the context of
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ€ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฎๅˆฅใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€
03:55
legal or business contracts, documents, proposals. So for example, if you are offered a draw
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ๆณ•็š„ใพใŸใฏใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นไธŠใฎๅฅ‘็ด„ใ€ๆ–‡ๆ›ธใ€ๆๆกˆใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใงไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹
04:10
a job with a company they're going to have a contract between you and the company and
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ไผๆฅญใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฑ‚ไบบใฎใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใŒใ‚ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใฎไผๆฅญใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใจใใฎไผๆฅญใจใฎ้–“ใงๅฅ‘็ด„ใ‚’็ตใณใพใ™ใ€‚
04:17
that is a legal contract or a business contract. Now they're going to draw up the contract
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆณ•็š„ๅฅ‘็ด„ใพใŸใฏใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นๅฅ‘็ด„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅ˜ใซๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ๅฅ‘็ด„ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:23
which simply means prepare and if you are starting a new project and you have this proposal,
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ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’้–‹ๅง‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆๆกˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ‚’
04:33
you can draw up the proposal which just means prepare. So we use this phrasal verb in this
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ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ๆๆกˆใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใงใ“ใฎๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ
04:40
specific context and remember, it simply means prepare. So as an example sentences as as
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่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใซๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงไพ‹ๆ–‡ใจใ—ใฆใฏ
04:48
an example sentence, we can say HR is the HR department HR is drawing up the contract
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ใ€HR is the HR department ไบบไบ‹้ƒจใŒๅฅ‘็ด„ๆ›ธใ‚’ไฝœๆˆไธญใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใง
05:00
as we speak, so they're in the process of drawing up the contract. So you might ask,
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ใ€ไบบไบ‹้ƒจใฏ ๅฅ‘็ด„ๆ›ธใ‚’ไฝœๆˆไธญใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ€Œ
05:05
Hey, do you know when the contract will be ready? And there's like, Oh, they're just
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ใญใˆใ€ๅฅ‘็ด„ใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใ„ใคใซใชใ‚‹ใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ ?ใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉ
05:09
drawing it up, which means they're just preparing it now. Let's see anything else from here?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไปŠใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ไฝ•ใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:16
Oh, yes. I wanted to talk about layoffs. Because if we're talking about job cuts, well then
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ชใƒ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ไบบๅ“กๅ‰Šๆธ›ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
05:24
job cuts layoffs, they go hand in hand. Because if you have job cuts, it means you need to
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ไบบๅ“กๅ‰Šๆธ›ใจใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ชใƒ•ใฏๅฏ†ๆŽฅใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไบบๅ“กใ‚’ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€
05:31
reduce the number of employees. Now you can do that you can accomplish that objective
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ๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใฎๆ•ฐใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€
05:39
by laying off workers. Okay. So when you lay someone off, you end their employment, you
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ๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใ‚’่งฃ้›‡ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใ‚’้”ๆˆใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’่งฃ้›‡ใ™ใ‚‹ใจ ใ€ใใฎไบบใฎ้›‡็”จใฏ็ต‚ไบ†ใ—ใ€
05:48
permanently end their employment, but it's very different from being fired. When you're
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ๆฐธไน…ใซ้›‡็”จใ‚’็ต‚ไบ†ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ่งฃ้›‡ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใจใฏๅคงใใ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:57
fired. You also end your employment by it's because of your performance. You were not
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่งฃ้›‡ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใจใใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ๆฅญ็ธพใŒ็†็”ฑใง้›‡็”จใ‚’็ต‚ไบ†ใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
06:05
performing very well. You were not meeting the objectives. You were basically a bad employee.
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ†ใพใใ„ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็›ฎๆจ™ใ‚’้”ๆˆใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซๆ‚ชใ„ๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:13
But when you're laid off, it's because of operational reasons. They may might not be
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่งฃ้›‡ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ ๆฅญๅ‹™ไธŠใฎ็†็”ฑใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
06:21
able to afford you anymore, or they're no longer selling the product that you were in
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ใ‚‚ใ†ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’่ฒทใ†ไฝ™่ฃ•ใŒใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ‹…ๅฝ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸ่ฃฝๅ“ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†่ฒฉๅฃฒใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
06:29
charge of. So your position does not exist anymore. So to lay someone off this is to
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. ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ซ‹ๅ ดใฏใ‚‚ใ†ๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’่งฃ้›‡ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€้‹็”จไธŠใฎ็†็”ฑ
06:40
permanently and one's employment because of operational reasons. So again, like I said,
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ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆฐธไน…ใซ้›‡็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
07:02
they might not be able to afford you or simply the direction of the company has changed.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’่ฒทใ†ไฝ™่ฃ•ใŒใชใ„ใ‹ใ€ๅ˜ใซ ไผš็คพใฎๆ–นๅ‘ๆ€งใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“.
07:11
So as an example sentence, you can say, I got laid off, or you can say I was I was laid
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ไพ‹ๆ–‡ใจใ—ใฆใ€I got lay off ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ€I was I was I was lay off ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™
07:23
off. So you can use to be laid off. This is the passive form of the verb to lay someone
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ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่งฃ้›‡ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’่งฃ้›‡ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงใ™
07:32
off. So the active form is to lay someone off, but you as the employee are receiving
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’่งฃ้›‡ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใŒใ€ๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใจใ—ใฆใฎใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€
07:43
the action your company is doing that action. So my company laid me off. This is the past
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ไผš็คพใŒใใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใง็งใฎไผš็คพใฏ็งใ‚’่งฃ้›‡ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
07:58
simple of the verb lay, this is the active and the passive is I was laid off by my company
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ๅ‹•่ฉž lay ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ ใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฏ I was lay off by my company
08:09
pass. So you're receiving the action, which is why it's very common to use this in the
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pass ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ ใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™
08:19
passive form. I was laid off now my original example I said get laid off I got laid off.
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ใ€‚ ็งใฏไปŠ่งฃ้›‡ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ็งใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎ ไพ‹ใฏใ€็งใŒ่งฃ้›‡ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:29
We can use the verb get just to talk about that transition I got sick is that transition
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ๅ‹•่ฉž get ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ I got sick ใจใฏใ€
08:36
from not sick to sick. So I got laid off is the transition from not laid off, to laid
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็—…ๆฐ—ใงใชใ„็Šถๆ…‹ใ‹ใ‚‰็—…ๆฐ—ใงใชใ„็Šถๆ…‹ใธใฎ็งป่กŒใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ So I got lay off ใฏใ€ not lay off ใ‹ใ‚‰ lay
08:45
off but to start get is a more advanced verb in English. So to start, you can simply use
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off but to start get ใธใฎ็งป่กŒใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใพใšใ€
08:52
the verb to be. Let's move on. Mr. Musk who completed a $44 billion dollar deal to buy
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ๅ‹•่ฉž to be ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆฌกใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๆœจๆ›œๆ—ฅใซใƒ„ใ‚คใƒƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’ ่ฒทๅŽใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ440ๅ„„ใƒ‰ใƒซใฎๅ–ๅผ•ใ‚’ๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใŸใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฏๆฐใฏใ€
09:01
Twitter on Thursday, has ordered the cuts across the company with some teams to be trimmed
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09:08
more than others said three of the people who declined to be identified for fear of
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09:15
retaliation. Okay, so notice here we're using cuts again and what are cuts, reductions reductions,
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ๅ ฑๅพฉใ‚’ๆใ‚ŒใฆๅŒฟๅใ‚’ๆกไปถใซๅŒฟๅใ‚’ๆกไปถใซ่ชžใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ“ใ“ใง ๅ†ใณๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ€ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ€ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ€
09:25
in this case the number of employees, but I want you to look at this and think what
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กๆ•ฐใงใ™ใŒใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€
09:32
is this is this, a subject an adjective? And adverb, a verb or a noun? What is this? What
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธป่ชžใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:40
part of speech is this? And how does it differ? Because here you'll notice above we were looking
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใฎๅ“่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้•ใ†ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ“ใงๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒ
09:46
at the verb, we know it's a bird because it's conjugated. It's used next to a subject, and
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ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๆดป็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€้ณฅใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธป่ชžใฎ้šฃใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ€
09:53
in this case, it's the infinitive. But what do we have here? An article which tells me
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏไธๅฎš่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ใ“ใ“ใซใฏไฝ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹่จ˜ไบ‹
09:59
it's not a verb. This is a noun. So this is talking about it as a something, the cuts
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝ•ใ‹ใ€
10:07
the job cuts, it's a something so this is a noun. And it's very commonly used as the
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ใ‚ธใƒงใƒ–ใŒใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใจใ—ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ
10:15
noun form, the cuts. Notice how it's in plural because it's more than one. Technically, you
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ๅ่ฉžๅฝขใ€the cuts ใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใชใฎใงใ€่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใซใฏใ€
10:24
could use it in the singular and say we cut one job there was our job cut our job cut,
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ๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅฝขใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ 1 ใคใฎใ‚ธใƒงใƒ–ใ‚’ใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใ—ใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚1
10:34
that's a something there was one job cut at our company. So this is a now has ordered
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ใคใฎใ‚ธใƒงใƒ–ใ‚’ใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใ—ใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็พๅœจใฎ
10:45
our verb here is order has ordered the cuts across the company. So here, I mentioned that
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๆณจๆ–‡ใŒไผš็คพๅ…จไฝ“ใงใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’ๆณจๆ–‡ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€
10:54
Elon Musk purchase Twitter. Well, he did it for $44 billion, maybe a good deal. Maybe
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Elon Musk ใŒ Twitter ใ‚’่ฒทๅŽใ—ใŸใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่จ€ๅŠใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจใ€ๅฝผใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ 440 ๅ„„ใƒ‰ใƒซใงใ‚„ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ†ใง
11:01
not. I don't really know. All right. Let's move on here. This scale of the layoffs could
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ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ชใƒ•ใฎ่ฆๆจกใฏ
11:14
not be determined. Twitter has around 7500 employees. All right, the same thing we saw
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ๆฑบๅฎšใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ Twitterใซใฏ็ด„7500ไบบใฎ ๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€
11:25
before with two paths, and cuts verb and noun we saw to lay off is the verb commonly used
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ๅ‰ใซ 2 ใคใฎใƒ‘ใ‚นใง่ฆ‹ใŸใฎใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚‚ใฎใจใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ€ ็งใŸใกใŒ่ฆ‹ใŸๅ่ฉžใ‚’ใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ชใƒ•ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€ใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ชใƒ•ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™
11:36
in the passive form to be laid off. But here what is this the part I have? highlighted?
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹? ใƒใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒˆ๏ผŸ
11:43
What part of speech is this? Well, it should be easy for you. It's on noun on now, the
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใฎๅ“่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใพใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆ็ฐกๅ˜ใชใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ็พๅœจใ€
11:50
scale of the layoffs. So we're just talking about the layoffs. So those are the positions
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ใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ชใƒ•ใฎ่ฆๆจกใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใŸใกใฏใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ชใƒ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้‹็”จไธŠใฎ็†็”ฑใง
12:00
that are permanently eliminated because of operational reasons. And this scale. The scale
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ๆฐธไน…ใซๆŽ’้™คใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใƒใ‚ธใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ“ใฎใ‚นใ‚ฑใƒผใƒซใ€‚ ใ‚นใ‚ฑใƒผใƒซใฏใ€
12:08
is just talking about how big is it is it big, is it small, that would be the scale
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ๅคงใใ„ใ‹ ใ€ๅฐใ•ใ„ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚นใ‚ฑใƒผใƒซใงใ‚ใ‚Š
12:15
and they're saying it could not be determined, which is a formal way of saying they don't
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ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆฑบๅฎšใงใใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:20
know they don't know what the scale is. So will there be a lot of layoffs, a lot of cuts,
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ใ‚นใ‚ฑใƒผใƒซใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ ๅคง้‡ใฎใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ชใƒ•ใ€ๅคง้‡ใฎใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใ€
12:28
or a small number of layoffs a small number of cuts. Now notice how I pronounced this
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ใพใŸใฏๅฐ‘ๆ•ฐใฎใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ชใƒ•ใจๅฐ‘ๆ•ฐใฎ ใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€็งใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใŸใ‹ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚็งใฏ
12:34
I said 7500 employees, the plural is on my s here on my now employees we add that as
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7500 ใฎๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฏ ็งใฎ็พๅœจใฎๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใฎไธŠใซใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
12:45
because there's more than one there's 7500 7500 You could also say 7500 7500 The choice
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่ค‡ๆ•ฐใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€7500 7500 ใจไป˜ใ‘ๅŠ ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚7500 7500 ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
12:59
is yours 7500 or 7500. Both of them are correct. Commonly used. You can choose which one you'd
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ใ€‚7500 ใพใŸใฏ 7500 ใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’้ธๆŠžใงใใพใ™
13:11
like to use. Let's move on. Report of layoffs at Twitter has swirled since Mr. Musk agreed
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ใ€‚ ๆฌกใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฏๆฐใŒ
13:20
to buy the company in April, the billionaire who also leads the electric carmaker Tesla
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4 ๆœˆใซๅŒ็คพใฎ่ฒทๅŽใซๅŒๆ„ใ—ใฆไปฅๆฅใ€Twitter ใงใฎไบบๅ“กๅ‰Šๆธ›ใฎๅ ฑๅ‘ŠใŒๆธฆๅทปใ„ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ้›ปๆฐ—่‡ชๅ‹•่ปŠใƒกใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฎใƒ†ใ‚นใƒฉ
13:27
and the rocket company SpaceX has told investors that he would take Twitter private, reduce
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ใจใƒญใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆไผš็คพ SpaceX ใ‚‚็Ž‡ใ„ใ‚‹ๅ„„ไธ‡้•ท่€…ใฏใ€ Twitter ใ‚’้žๅ…ฌ้–‹ใซใ—ใ€
13:34
its workforce roll back its content moderation rules and find new revenue streams. So here
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ๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใ‚’ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ—ใฆใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใƒณใƒ„ใ‚’็ธฎๅฐใ™ใ‚‹ใจๆŠ•่ณ‡ๅฎถใซ่ชžใฃใŸใ€‚ ใƒขใƒ‡ใƒฌใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ ใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅŽ็›Šๆบใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:43
we have a report of layoffs Is this a noun or a verb? Report reports of something it's
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹? ใใ‚ŒใŒ
13:54
a now another way you can tell it's a noun is because it's one word. As a verb, it is
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ๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ไผใˆใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒ 1 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
14:02
two words you have to lay is your verb. And off is the preposition to lay someone off.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ฝฎใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„2ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹•่ฉž. ใใ—ใฆ off ใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’่งฃ้›‡ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
14:16
So this is the verb okay? So again, they're talking because of the cuts, the job cuts
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ“ใ‚Œใงใ„ใ„ใฎ๏ผŸ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไบบๅ“ก ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใฎใŸใ‚ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ไบบๅ“กๅ‰Šๆธ›ใฎใŸใ‚ใซไป•ไบ‹ใŒๆธ›ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
14:26
because of the layoffs. It's just natural that you're going to reduce the workforce.
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ใ€‚ ไบบๅ“กใ‚’ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅฝ“็„ถใงใ™ใ€‚
14:32
The workforce is the total number of people in a company or you could talk about the workforce
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ๅŠดๅƒๅŠ›ใจใฏใ€ ไผๆฅญๅ†…ใฎ็ทไบบๆ•ฐใงใ™ใ€‚ใพใŸใฏใ€้ƒฝๅธ‚ใ€ๅ›ฝใ€ๆฅญ็•ŒใฎๅŠดๅƒๅŠ›ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚Twitter ใซใฏ
14:40
of a city a country, an industry, so Twitter had 7500 or 7500 people so you could say that
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7500 ไบบใพใŸใฏ 7500 ไบบใŒใ„ใŸใŸใ‚ใ€
14:52
its workforce. The layoffs at Twitter would take place before a November 1 date when employees
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ใใฎๅŠดๅƒๅŠ›ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ„ใ‚คใƒƒใ‚ฟใƒผใงใฎไบบๅ“กๅ‰Šๆธ›ใฏใ€ ๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใŒๅ ฑ้…ฌใฎไธ€้ƒจใจใ—ใฆๆ ชๅผไป˜ไธŽใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ไบˆๅฎšใฎ 11 ๆœˆ 1 ๆ—ฅใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅ‰ใซ่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹
15:02
were scheduled to receive stock grants as part of their compensation. Such grants typically
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅŠฉๆˆ้‡‘ใฏใ€้€šๅธธใ€
15:09
represent a significant portion of employees pay by laying off workers before that date.
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ใใฎๆ—ฅใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ‰ใซๅŠดๅƒ่€…ใ‚’่งฃ้›‡ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใŒๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ใ‹ใชใ‚Šใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’ๅ ใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:16
Mr. Musk may avoid paying the grant though he is supposed to pay the employees cash in
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ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฏๆฐใฏใ€ๅˆไฝตๅฅ‘็ด„ใฎๆกไปถใฎไธ‹ใงๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใซๆ ชๅผใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ็พ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ๅŠฉๆˆ้‡‘ใฎๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ„ใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹
15:23
place of their stock under the terms of their merger agreement. So again, we see our layoffs
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. ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ชใƒ•ใŒ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
15:32
This is being used as a noun. It's our subject actually, in this sentence. The layoffs at
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซ็งใŸใกใฎไธป้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ„ใ‚คใƒƒใ‚ฟใƒผใงใฎใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ชใƒ•
15:39
Twitter, take place is a great free is a great expression that just means happen. The layoffs
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ใ€take place is a great free ใฏใŸใ  ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„่กจ็พใงใ™ใ€‚ ไธ€ๆ™‚่งฃ้›‡ใŒ
15:47
would happen take place. So that's just a more casual way of saying happen but it's
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่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใช่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ™ใŒใ€
15:53
very commonly used by okay so here by laying off workers, so is this a noun or a verb?
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ok ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ ใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ชใƒ•ๅŠดๅƒ่€…ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹?
16:03
laying off workers. This is a verb and what conjugation is this verb in this is our Geron
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ๅŠดๅƒ่€…ใ‚’่งฃ้›‡ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ“ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆดป็”จๅฝขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏ Geron
16:15
verb and we know that because it has the i n g, and it's in the gerund verb, because
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžๅ‹•่ฉžใซ i n g ใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใใฎ
16:23
do you know why? Because this word right here by by is a preposition. So we have preposition,
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็†็”ฑใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชž right here by by ใฏๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉž
16:32
plus Geron that's our sentence structure, preposition plus Geron by laying off workers
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ใจใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ Geronใ€ ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใจใ€
16:39
before that date. And that is the end of our article. So you learned a lot of very useful
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ใใฎๆ—ฅไป˜ใพใงใซๅŠดๅƒ่€…ใ‚’ใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ชใƒ•ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ Geron ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใง่จ˜ไบ‹ใฏ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ ใ€‚ ้žๅธธใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใค
16:48
Business English vocabulary, grammar, we talked a lot about nouns and verbs and changing between
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ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ๅญฆใณใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅ่ฉžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใจใƒ‘ใƒƒใ‚ทใƒ–ใฎ้–“ใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใซใคใ„ใฆๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
16:55
active and passive. So make sure you try some of these new expressions in the comment section
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ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ไธ‹ใฎ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆ ใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่กจ็พใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
17:02
below. And feel free free to go through this article again, and if you have any questions,
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ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ใŠๆฐ—่ปฝใซใ“ใฎ ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใŠ่ชญใฟใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ”ไธๆ˜Žใช็‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€
17:07
you can just leave it in the comment section as well.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆ ใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
17:10
Amazing job with that article! Now feel free to hit pause take a break, go get a cup of
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ใใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใง็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใงใ™๏ผ ไธ€ๆ™‚ ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆไผ‘ๆ†ฉใ—ใ€
17:17
coffee or tea review the vocabulary you just learned. And when you're ready, hit play,
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ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚„ใŠ่Œถใ‚’้ฃฒใฟใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ€ไปŠๅญฆใ‚“ใ ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
17:23
and we'll continue on with the next article.
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ๆฌกใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
17:28
Let me read the headline. Elon Musk says he will resign as Twitter CEO after securing
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่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚คใƒผใƒญใƒณ ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฏใฏใ€ๅพŒ็ถ™่€…ใ‚’ ็ขบไฟใ—ใŸๅพŒใ€Twitter ใฎ CEO ใ‚’่พžไปปใ™ใ‚‹ใจ่ฟฐใน
17:35
successor now let me read the sub headline so this is the main headline and then we have
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ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ตใƒ– ใƒ˜ใƒƒใƒ‰ใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใ‚’่ชญใฟไธŠใ’ใ•ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
17:42
a sub headline which is designed to give you a little more information about the topic.
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ใ€‚
17:49
The billionaire posted a poll over the weekend asking Twitter users if he should step down.
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ๅ„„ไธ‡้•ท่€…ใฏ้€ฑๆœซใซๆŠ•็ฅจใ‚’ๆŠ•็จฟใ—ใ€ Twitter ใƒฆใƒผใ‚ถใƒผใซ่พžไปปใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
17:55
The majority voted yes all right, going back to our headline resign. This is very important
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ๅคงๅคšๆ•ฐใŒ่ณ›ๆˆ็ฅจใ‚’ๆŠ•ใ˜ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ่พžไปปใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
18:05
to the topic of the article. So to resign This is a verb and this is a way of saying
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่จ˜ไบ‹ใฎใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซใจใฃใฆ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่พžไปปใ™ใ‚‹ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€่พž่ทใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚
18:13
that you quit you voluntarily leave your position it's just a more formal way of saying that.
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่‡ช็™บ็š„ใซใใฎๅœฐไฝใ‚’้›ขใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆญฃๅผใช่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚
18:21
Let me write this for you. So it is to voluntarily which means you chose to Nobody said you must
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€่‡ช็™บ็š„ใซใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’่พžใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใฏ่ชฐใ‚‚่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™
18:33
leave your job. That means you're fired. When you say I don't want to work here anymore.
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ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่งฃ้›‡ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†ใ“ใ“ใงๅƒใใŸใใชใ„ใฃใฆ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰
18:41
That means you quit or again more formally resigned to volunteer to voluntarily leave
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€่พž่ทใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆญฃๅผใซ ่พžไปปใ—ใฆใ€่‡ช็™บ็š„ใซ
18:48
your employment your position so in this case, his position as CEO, which is of course an
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่ทใ‚’้›ขใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ CEO ใจใ—ใฆใฎๅฝผใฎๅœฐไฝใฏใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€
18:59
acronym for Chief Executive Officer, which is the top ranking position in a company now
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ไผš็คพใฎๆœ€้ซ˜ไฝใฎๅœฐไฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ CEO ใฎ้ ญๅญ—่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
19:07
notice here grammatically, we have the word after which is a preposition preposition.
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ใ“ใ“ใงๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซใฏใ€ใใฎๅพŒใซๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
19:14
Now what do you notice right here we have our gerund verb, secure to secure, that's
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใง ็งใŸใกใฎๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžๅ‹•่ฉžใ€secure to
19:23
the base verb to secure and because to secure this is the base. Now because I have after
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secure ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใŠๆฐ—ใฅใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ใ€‚ which ใฎๅพŒใซ
19:32
which is a preposition, my verb that follows must be in the gerund form, which is the ing
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใฎๅพŒใซ็ถšใๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใฎๅฝขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ing ใฎ
19:40
form. To secure in this context is a more formal way of saying find to find a successor.
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ๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใงใฎใ‚ปใ‚ญใƒฅใ‚ขใฏใ€ ๅพŒ็ถ™่€…ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ find ใฎใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆญฃๅผใช่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚
19:49
Now, what is the successor already we reviewed a lot in this headline here, a successor hopefully
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅพŒ็ถ™่€…ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ€ ใ“ใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใงใ™ใงใซๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆคœ่จŽใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๅพŒ็ถ™่€…ใฏๆ–‡่„ˆใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆ็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๆ–‡่„ˆใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆ
19:57
you can understand based on context, which is why reviewing articles is so helpful because
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่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’ๆคœ่จŽใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้žๅธธใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใฎใฏใใฎใŸใ‚ใงใ™
20:03
based on the context, well the successor is the person who will replace Elon Musk as CEO.
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ใ€‚ๅพŒ็ถ™่€…ใจใฏ ใ‚คใƒผใƒญใƒณใฎๅพŒไปปใจใชใ‚‹ไบบ็‰ฉใงใ™ใ€‚ CEOใจใ—ใฆใฎใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฏ.
20:12
So it's the person who comes after you as a leader. So you have old leader, so leader
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใƒชใƒผใƒ€ใƒผใจใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅพŒใซๆฅใ‚‹ใฎใฏใใฎไบบใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
20:26
in the sense of a employment within the company, it could be a boss, a manager, a supervisor,
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ไผš็คพๅ†…ใงใฎ้›‡็”จใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฎใƒชใƒผใƒ€ใƒผใฏใ€ ไธŠๅธใ€ใƒžใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใ€ใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใƒใ‚คใ‚ถใƒผใ€ใพใŸใฏๆ”ฟๆฒปๅฎถใ€็คพ้•ทใ€ใพใŸใฏ้ฆ–็›ธใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
20:35
or it could be a politician or president or prime minister. So you have your old leader
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ใ€‚ ๅคใ„ใƒชใƒผใƒ€ใƒผ
20:41
and the new leader, and the new leader is the successor, the successor, right up here
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ใจๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒชใƒผใƒ€ใƒผใŒใ„ใฆใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒชใƒผใƒ€ใƒผใฏ ๅพŒ็ถ™่€…ใ€
20:53
and the old leader is the predecessor predecessor. I don't think you need to worry about it too
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ๅพŒ็ถ™่€…ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใพใ‚Šๆฐ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒ
21:00
much, but successor is more common. All right. So that's the headline here. So basically,
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ใ€ๅพŒ็ถ™่€…ใฎๆ–นใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใง่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใฏใ“ใกใ‚‰ใ€‚ ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€
21:08
Elon Musk is leaving his position. He's resigning, but they need to find someone new the person
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ใ‚คใƒผใƒญใƒณใƒปใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฏใฏๅฝผใฎๅœฐไฝใ‚’้›ขใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏ่พžไปปใ—ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„
21:15
who will act as CEO and thus the successor. The billionaire posted a poll over the weekend
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CEOใ€ใฒใ„ใฆใฏๅพŒ็ถ™่€…ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™. ๅ„„ ไธ‡้•ท่€…ใฏใ€้€ฑๆœซใซ
21:23
asking Twitter users if he should step down, the majority voted yes. All right. Let's look
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Twitterใƒฆใƒผใ‚ถใƒผใซ่พžไปปใ™ในใใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ไธ–่ซ–่ชฟๆŸปใ‚’ๆŠ•็จฟใ—ใ€ ้ŽๅŠๆ•ฐใŒ่ณ›ๆˆ็ฅจใ‚’ๆŠ•ใ˜ใพใ—ใŸ. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
21:29
at this. This is a nice phrasal verb to step down. Now again, based on the context, he's
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่พžไปปใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ็ด ๆ•ตใชๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆ–‡่„ˆใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใ€ๅฝผใฏ
21:37
going to resign, leave his position quit they all mean the same thing. So step down is the
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่พžไปปใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€ๅฝผใฎๅœฐไฝใ‚’่พžใ‚ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ ใ™ในใฆๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™. ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€step down ใฏใ€
21:43
phrasal verb to mean resign from a position. So to voluntarily leave a position now notice
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ๅœฐไฝใ‚’่พžไปปใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่‡ช็™บ็š„ใซใƒใ‚ธใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’้›ขใ‚Œใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€
21:52
I included title title could be for example, the coach of a sports team, or the leader
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ ใƒใƒผใƒ ใฎใ‚ณใƒผใƒใ‚„
22:02
of a community organization. And maybe in that case, the leader of a community organization,
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ใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใƒ†ใ‚ฃ็ต„็น”ใฎใƒชใƒผใƒ€ใƒผใชใฉใฎๅฝน่ทใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใƒ†ใ‚ฃ็ต„็น”ใฎใƒชใƒผใƒ€ใƒผใ€
22:10
maybe you're the leader of your church group, or just a community group and you don't get
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ๆ•™ไผšใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฎใƒชใƒผใƒ€ใƒผใ€ ใพใŸใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใƒ†ใ‚ฃ ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฎใƒชใƒผใƒ€ใƒผใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
22:16
paid for that. It's just a volunteer position, but you could still step down you could leave
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅ ฑ้…ฌใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใฏใŸใ ใฎใƒœใƒฉใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใฎใƒใ‚ธใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ™ ใŒใ€่พžไปปใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚่พžใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
22:22
it so I want to show you the grammar here because we will say Musk Elon Musk musk. Step
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ใ“ใ“ใงๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ CEO ใจใ—ใฆ CEO ใจใ—ใฆใฎ
22:32
down assuming it's complete past simple set down as CEO as CEO, so we use the preposition
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็ฐกๅ˜ใชใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใ‚’้ŽใŽใฆๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใŸใจไปฎๅฎšใ—ใฆ่พžไปปใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆ as ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€
22:42
as and then we state the title as CEO as manager, as Captain captain of a sports team, for example,
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CEO ใจใ—ใฆใฎๅฝน่ทใ‚’ใƒžใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใจใ—ใฆ่ฟฐในใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ ใƒใƒผใƒ ใฎใ‚ญใƒฃใƒ—ใƒ†ใƒณ ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒ—ใƒ†ใƒณใฏ
22:55
is the leader so you can have the title there so in our case, it CEO stepped down. This
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ใƒชใƒผใƒ€ใƒผใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒˆใƒซใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ ็งใŸใกใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€CEO ใŒ่พžไปปใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
23:03
is our our phrasal verb, verb conjugated plus our preposition and then we have as job title.
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็งใŸใกใฎๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ๆดป็”จๅ‹•่ฉž ใจๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใงใ€ๅฝน่ทใจใ—ใฆๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:13
Let's continue on. Elon Musk on Tuesday claimed he will resign as CEO of Twitter once he has
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็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚คใƒผใƒญใƒณใƒปใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฏๆฐใฏ็ซๆ›œๆ—ฅใ€ๅพŒไปปใŒ ่ฆ‹ใคใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใƒ„ใ‚คใƒƒใ‚ฟใƒผใฎCEOใ‚’่พžไปปใ™ใ‚‹ใจ่ฟฐในใŸ
23:23
found a replacement. Now what's the alternative word for replacement? The one we learned it
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ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹ ?
23:30
right here in the headline, successor. So they're seeing the exact same thing as this
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ใ“ใ“ใง่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใงๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใฎใฏใ€ๅพŒ็ถ™่€…ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใจใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™
23:38
headline. They're just choosing to use different vocabulary because we have resigned, well
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ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใŒ่พž่ทใ—ใŸใฎใงใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅˆฅใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™
23:43
we use that before and now we have replacement instead of successor. So you could say here
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใง
23:52
successor and remember once a successor has been appointed, Elon Musk will be the predecessor,
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ๅพŒ็ถ™่€…ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅพŒ็ถ™่€…ใŒ ไปปๅ‘ฝใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ‚คใƒผใƒญใƒณ ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฏใŒๅ‰ไปป่€…ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š
24:04
the person who previously had the position. So replacement can be successor. Okay, let's
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ไปฅๅ‰ใซใใฎๅœฐไฝใซใ‚ใฃใŸไบบ็‰ฉใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไบคๆ›ใฏๅพŒ็ถ™่€…ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€
24:16
continue on. I will so notice it's in a quote which means these words are coming from Elon
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็ถšใ‘ใ‚ˆใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚คใƒผใƒญใƒณใƒปใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฏใฎๅฃใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‡บใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
24:27
Musk's mouth. He said these words, I will resign as CEO as soon as I find someone foolish
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ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใŸ
24:36
enough to take the job. After that, I will just run the software and servers teams the
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. ใใฎๅพŒใ€็งใฏๅ„„ไธ‡้•ท่€…ใŒใคใถใ‚„ใ ใ‚ฝใƒ•ใƒˆใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚ขใจใ‚ตใƒผใƒใƒผใƒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใพใ™
24:44
billionaire tweet it. Okay, so he tweeted this but it's still coming from him directly.
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ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ๅฝผใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒ„ใ‚คใƒผใƒˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใพใ ๅฝผใ‹ใ‚‰็›ดๆŽฅๆฅใฆใ„ใพใ™.
24:52
In this case. It's coming from his fingers instead of his mouth but it's still a quote
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฝผใฎๅฃใงใฏใชใๅฝผใฎๆŒ‡ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฅใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใŒใ€
24:57
because it's reporting what he said. So resign as notice we're using the preposition as with
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ๅฝผใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๅ ฑๅ‘Šใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใพใ ๅผ•็”จใงใ™. ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฝน่ทใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆ่พžไปปใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
25:04
the job title as well. Now take the job. This is the same as finding a replacement finding
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. ไปŠใ™ใไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ๅผ•ใๅ—ใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅพŒ็ถ™ ่€…ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใจๅŒใ˜ใงใ™
25:13
a successor. So again, it's just a different way to say the same thing. Notice how he says
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ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใง่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใŒๆ„šใ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ‹ๆ„šใ‹ใงใฏใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
25:19
foolish or not foolish. When we describe something as bullish, this is a negative adjective because
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ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅผทๆฐ—ใจ่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™
25:29
foolish means unwise, stupid or not showing good judgment. So this is a negative adjective.
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. ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฆๅฎšๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
25:40
So Elon Musk is seeing that it isn't a wise decision to become my successor to take over
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚คใƒผใƒญใƒณใƒปใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฏใฏใ€ ็งใฎๅพŒ็ถ™่€…ใŒ CEO ใ‚’ๅผ•ใ็ถ™ใใฎใฏ่ณขๆ˜Žใชๆฑบๅฎšใงใฏใชใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™
25:54
as CEO. You could say it was foolish of me to step down as as captain. It was foolish
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒ—ใƒ†ใƒณใ‚’่พžไปปใ—ใŸใฎใฏๆ„šใ‹ใ ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ
26:12
on me it was unwise, stupid, it didn't show good judgment. So I it's a way of saying I
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ๆ„šใ‹ใงใ€ๆ„šใ‹ใงใ€่‰ฏใ„ๅˆคๆ–ญใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏ
26:18
regret my decision. Now a lot of students have this fear of speaking because they think
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆฑบๅฎšใ‚’ๅพŒๆ‚”ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™. ไปŠใงใฏๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”ŸใŒ ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™
26:28
that they're going to sound foolish or look foolish.
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ใ€‚ ็งใฏ
26:34
I'm afraid of looking foolish when I speak. Which means you're afraid of looking stupid
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่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซๆ„šใ‹ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใŒๆ€–ใ„. ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆญฃ็›ดใซ่จ€ใ†ใจๆ„šใ‹ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
26:46
to be honest, or people judging you negatively because if you use the wrong vocabulary or
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ ้–“้•ใฃใŸ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€
26:54
your pronunciation isn't very good, then it could look negative right? Now this is a fear
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็™บ้ŸณใŒใ‚ใพใ‚Š่‰ฏใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ไบบใ€…ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใซๅˆคๆ–ญใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ? ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
27:00
that a lot of students have I'm afraid of looking foolish when I speak. So a very common
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ๅคšใใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆๆ€–ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŒ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซๆ„šใ‹ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใŒๆ€–ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช
27:06
adjective but remember it is very negative as well. All right, let's continue on. After
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ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ใŒใ€้žๅธธใซๅฆๅฎš็š„ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€็ถšใ‘ใ‚ˆใ†ใ€‚
27:12
that, I will just run the software and servers teams, the billionaire tweeted. So the verb
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ใใฎๅพŒใ€็งใฏใ‚ฝใƒ•ใƒˆใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚ขใจใ‚ตใƒผใƒใƒผใฎใƒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’้‹ๅ–ถใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใ  ใ€ใจๅ„„ไธ‡้•ท่€…ใฏใƒ„ใ‚คใƒผใƒˆใ—ใŸ. ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ
27:20
run in this context, and this is what's important about learning with the news because you understand
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงๅฎŸ่กŒใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใงๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ไธŠใง้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใงใ™ ๆ–‡่„ˆใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ ่ตฐใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†
27:26
the context because if you just see the word run, will does it mean to run? Or does it
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่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ ใ‘ใง ่ตฐใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใ€
27:33
mean run the software team, which is another way of saying leading to just lead to match
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ใ‚ฝใƒ•ใƒˆใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚ข ใƒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’้‹ๅ–ถใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹? ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใƒชใƒผใƒ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใฎๅˆฅใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚
27:44
the verb tends to just lead, manage the software and servers teams so you could say, I ran
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๅ˜ใซใƒชใƒผใƒ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‚พๅ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ฝใƒ•ใƒˆใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚ข ใจใ‚ตใƒผใƒใƒผใฎใƒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’็ฎก็†ใ—ใพใ™
27:59
the marketing team for five for five years. Now notice my verb is in the past simple right?
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ใ€‚ ไปŠใ€็งใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
28:11
Run, ran, run. If I say I've run the marketing team for five years, what's the difference
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่ตฐใ‚‹่ตฐใ‚‹่ตฐใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใƒžใƒผใ‚ฑใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐ ใƒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ 5 ๅนด้–“้‹ๅ–ถใ—ใฆใใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€
28:20
between I ran the marketing team and I've run the marketing team. Well, of course it's
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ใƒžใƒผใ‚ฑใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐ ใƒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’้‹ๅ–ถใ—ใŸใ“ใจใจ ใƒžใƒผใ‚ฑใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐ ใƒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’้‹ๅ–ถใ—ใŸใ“ใจใฎ้•ใ„ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
28:28
our verb tense because this is the past simple, which means it's a completed action. I no
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใŸใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
28:36
longer do this action. Let me make this a little bit smaller. I no longer do this. It's
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ใ‚‚ใ†ใ“ใฎ่กŒ็‚บใฏใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅฐใ•ใใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚‚ใ†ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
28:45
complete. It's in the past but if I say I run the marketing team for five years, this
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ๅฎŒๆˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ้ŽๅŽปใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒใ€็งใŒ ใƒžใƒผใ‚ฑใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใƒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ 5 ๅนด้–“้‹ๅ–ถใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
28:52
is the present continuous, sorry, the present perfect, present perfect. And it means this
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็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€็พๅœจ ๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
29:03
is an action that started in the past, but continues until now. So today, I run the marketing
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้ŽๅŽปใซๅง‹ใพใฃใŸ่กŒๅ‹•ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ็พๅœจใ‚‚็ถšใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ไปŠๆ—ฅใ€็งใฏใƒžใƒผใ‚ฑใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใƒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’็Ž‡ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™
29:16
team. The action is still in progress, but I use the present perfect simply to show that
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏใพใ ้€ฒ่กŒไธญใงใ™ใŒใ€้ŽๅŽปใซๅง‹ใพใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ™ ใŸใ‚ใซ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
29:22
it started in the past I see lots of mistakes with these two verb tenses, so pay attention
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใซใฏๅคšใใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
29:29
to this part of the lesson. Let's continue on. On Sunday, Musk posted a hole on the social
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ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎใ“ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ๆ—ฅๆ›œๆ—ฅใซใ€ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฏใฏใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซ ใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ข ใƒ—ใƒฉใƒƒใƒˆใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใซ็ฉดใ‚’ๆŠ•็จฟใ—
29:36
media platform, asking users if he should step down as its head and said he would abide
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ใ€ใƒฆใƒผใ‚ถใƒผใซ็คพ้•ทใ‚’่พžไปปใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญ ใ€ใใฎ็ตๆžœใซๅพ“ใ†ใจ่ฟฐในใพใ—ใŸ
29:45
by the results. So we already learned this phrasal verb to step down to voluntarily leave
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ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ™ใงใซใ“ใฎๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใฎใงใ™ใŒ
29:51
the position again, this same as resign or quit resign is more formal. And as its head
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ใ€่‡ช็™บ็š„ใซใใฎๅœฐไฝใ‚’ๅ†ใณ่พžไปปใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ ่พžไปปใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใฎ้ ญใจใฏ
30:00
so head of means the leader we use the the word head to mean the leader the boss, the
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ใƒชใƒผใƒ€ใƒผใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ ้ ญใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ใƒชใƒผใƒ€ใƒผใ€ไธŠๅธใ€
30:09
CEO, the head is is Twitter. It's they're talking about the company Twitter. Okay, now
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CEOใ€้ ญใฏ Twitter ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ ไผš็คพใฎ Twitter ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
30:19
a bye bye. This is a phrasal verb because we have the verb to abide and then we have
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ใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ ้ †ๅฎˆใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆฌกใซ
30:26
the preposition by and this simply means to follow the rules to follow the rules or regulations.
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉž by ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใซ ่ฆๅ‰‡ใ‚„่ฆๅ‰‡ใซๅพ“ใ†ใŸใ‚ใซ่ฆๅ‰‡ใซๅพ“ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
30:37
When you travel and a foreign country you must abide by its its rules, its rules. It
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ๅค–ๅ›ฝใ‚’ๆ—…่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ใใฎ ใƒซใƒผใƒซใ€ใƒซใƒผใƒซใซๅพ“ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ
30:51
being the country you're traveling to so if you go to the US a you have to follow the
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ—…่กŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ›ฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€็ฑณๅ›ฝใซ่กŒใๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
31:00
traffic rules and all the other rules and regulations you have to abide by. So to follow,
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ไบค้€š่ฆๅ‰‡ใŠใ‚ˆใณไป–ใฎใ™ในใฆใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡ใจ ่ฆๅˆถใซๅพ“ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“. ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€to follow,
31:08
abide by it's a more formal phrasal verb we tend to use it with rules and regulations
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abide by it ใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใชๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆ”ฟๅบœใ‚„ๅคงไผๆฅญๅ…จไฝ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎ ่ฆๅ‰‡ใ‚„่ฆๅˆถใจใจใ‚‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‚พๅ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
31:14
from the government or from a large company as a whole. So basically, Musk said that he
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ใ€‚ ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฏใฏไธ–่ซ–
31:25
will follow the results of the poll. So if the majority say you should leave and he will
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่ชฟๆŸปใฎ็ตๆžœใซๅพ“ใ†ใจ่ฟฐในใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ๅคงๅคšๆ•ฐใŒใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่พžไปปใ™ในใใ ใจ่จ€ใ„ใ€ๅฝผใŒ
31:32
follow that abide by that and leave his position he will resign and find a successor replacement
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ใใ‚Œใซๅพ“ใฃใฆ่พžไปปใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฝผ ใฏ่พžไปปใ—ใ€ๅ‰ไปป่€…ใงใ‚ใ‚‹
31:42
which will make Musk the predecessor the old leader of the position. More than 17 point
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ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’ ใใฎๅœฐไฝใฎๅคใ„ใƒชใƒผใƒ€ใƒผใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅพŒ็ถ™่€…ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
31:52
5 million votes were cast. Did you vote? I didn't vote because I didn't know about this.
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17.5 ็™พไธ‡็ฅจไปฅไธŠใŒๆŠ•ใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๆŠ•็ฅจใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงๆŠ•็ฅจใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
31:59
I don't really use Twitter. Do you use Twitter? What do you think? Should Elon Musk resign
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Twitterใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šไฝฟใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ Twitterใ‚’ๅˆฉ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚คใƒผใƒญใƒณใƒปใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฏใฏ CEO ใ‚’่พžไปปใ™ในใใงใ™ใ‹
32:04
as CEO share your opinion? In the comments below? So you cast a vote. That's just the
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? ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใง๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆŠ•็ฅจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
32:11
verb we use to cast. This is pretty specific to voting. But if you want to talk about voting,
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ใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚นใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๆŠ•็ฅจใซใ‹ใชใ‚Šๅ›บๆœ‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๆŠ•็ฅจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
32:19
then you can use this to cast a vote. Majority 57.5 voted yes. So of course majority is just
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆๆŠ•็ฅจใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ้ŽๅŠๆ•ฐ 57.5ใŒ่ณ›ๆˆ็ฅจใ‚’ๆŠ•ใ˜ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€้ŽๅŠๆ•ฐใฏ
32:29
plus 50%. Right? plus 50%. So 50.5% or more, that's the majority if it's 5050. Well, then
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ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚น 50% ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚น50%ใ€‚ 50.5% ไปฅไธŠใ€ 5050 ใชใ‚‰ใใ‚ŒใŒ้ŽๅŠๆ•ฐใงใ™
32:41
it's there. Isn't a majority it's even but the second it becomes 50.5 then that is a
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ใ€‚ ้ŽๅŠๆ•ฐใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใซ 50.5 ใซใชใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้ŽๅŠๆ•ฐใงใ™
32:49
majority. I'm sure you know what a majority means but it is useful to have in your vocabulary.
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ใ€‚ ้ŽๅŠๆ•ฐใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€่ชžๅฝ™ใซๅซใ‚ใ‚‹ใจไพฟๅˆฉใงใ™ใ€‚
32:55
Let me give you an example of how we commonly use it. The majority of people voted yes.
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ใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ๅคงๅคšๆ•ฐใฎไบบใŒ่ณ›ๆˆ็ฅจใ‚’ๆŠ•ใ˜ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
33:05
The majority of employees want to work from home. So you can use the majority of and then
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ๅคงๅคšๆ•ฐใฎๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใฏๅœจๅฎ…ๅ‹คๅ‹™ใ‚’ๅธŒๆœ›ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅคšๆ•ฐๆดพใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
33:20
you have your now you have all plural noun people is plural person is one, one person,
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33:33
one person two. People, people is plural. Employees has an ass. So it's plural, because
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ใ€‚ ไบบใ€ไบบใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใฏใŠๅฐปใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒๅคšๆ•ฐๆดพใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
33:42
if it's the majority, the noun has to be more than one. So that's our sentence structure.
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ๅ่ฉžใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใงใ™ใ€‚
33:50
Let me be more space, the majority off and then you need a plural noun. And then after
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚นใƒšใƒผใ‚นใ‚’็ฉบใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚้ŽๅŠๆ•ฐใฏใ‚ชใƒ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎๅพŒใ€่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฎๅ่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎๅพŒใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆ
34:02
that you can have many different verb tenses depending on depending on the sentence structure
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹
34:12
so that can be flexible, but you want a plural noun with this. Okay, so that's a useful sentence
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ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆŸ”่ปŸใซๅฏพๅฟœใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎๅ่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆไพฟๅˆฉใชๆ–‡ใฎ
34:20
structure for you. Shortly after, what did we learn about after already? What is it a
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ๆง‹้€ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎ็›ดๅพŒใ€ ็งใŸใกใฏใ™ใงใซไฝ•ใซใคใ„ใฆๅญฆใณใพใ—ใŸใ‹? ใใ‚Œใฏ
34:29
preposition so we need our verb and ing. Shortly after posting the poll, Muscat said he did
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใงใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใจ ing ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ไธ–่ซ– ่ชฟๆŸปใ‚’ๆŠ•็จฟใ—ใŸ็›ดๅพŒใ€ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆๆฐใฏใ€
34:37
not have anyone lined up to take over. All right. So lined up this is a way of saying
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ๅผ•ใ็ถ™ใใŸใ‚ใซ่ชฐใ‚‚ไธฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใชใ„ใจ่ฟฐในใŸ. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
34:49
that someone is ready and available for the position. Okay, it's a phrasal verb to line
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ใใฎใƒใ‚ธใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซๅฏพๅฟœใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ™ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ . ใ•ใฆใ€ไธฆในใ‚‹ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™
34:59
up. Now. This is the difficult part I will say about vocabulary and especially phrasal
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ใ€‚ ไปŠใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ่ชžๅฝ™ใ€็‰นใซๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ็งใŒ่จ€ใ†ใฎใŒ้›ฃใ—ใ„้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
35:08
verbs they have more than one meaning depending on context. So to line up is when you get
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ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€ๆ–‡่„ˆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใกใพใ™ . ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไธฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจใฏใ€ๅ…ฅใ‚Šๅฃใซไธฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹
35:15
in a row of people to line up the people lined up at the entrance but in this case, to line
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ไบบใ€…ใ‚’ไธฆในใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไบบใ€…ใฎๅˆ—ใซไธฆใถใ“ใจใงใ™ ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
35:25
someone up means to have somebody ready, able prepared available to do something. Okay,
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่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ไธฆในใ‚‹ใจใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚’็”จๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
35:36
so you might say we use this a lot in a work context. Do you have anyone lined up to present?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไป•ไบ‹ใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ†ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ . ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ไบˆๅฎšใฎไบบใฏใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
35:46
So this is what they're going to do present. So do you have any one? Ready, available to
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ็พๅœจใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใพใ—ใŸใ‹
35:55
present? That would be how I would translate it. Do you have any one ready to present do
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? ็งใชใ‚‰ใ“ใ†่จณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๆ็คบใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
36:00
you have any one available to present? You could also say we have a great presenter lined
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ๆ็คบใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹? ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใŒๆƒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™
36:09
up. Okay. So we have a great presenter ready. We have a great presenter available we have
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒๆ•ดใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใŒใ„ใพใ™
36:17
a great presenter lined up Musk had said he does not he does not have anyone ready to
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใŒไธฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฏใฏใ€CEO ใซใชใ‚‹ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ไบบใŒใ„ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
36:25
become CEO to take over is so Musk has the position now to take over is when someone
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36:35
else becomes the CEO, so to take responsibility or something and in this case, it's the position
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่ฒฌไปปใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ ใจใ‹ใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ
36:48
to take responsibility. We commonly use this in a employment situation, but you could say
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่ฒฌไปปใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹็ซ‹ๅ ดใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏ้€šๅธธใ€้›‡็”จใฎ็Šถๆณใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใŒใ€
36:58
can you take over this project while I'm on vacation, which means can you take responsibility
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็งใŒไผ‘ๆš‡ไธญใซใ“ใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’ๅผ•ใ็ถ™ใ„ใงใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹? ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็งใŒไผ‘ๆš‡ไธญใซ่ฒฌไปปใ‚’่ฒ ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹
37:09
while I'm on vacation? All right, let's continue on. Musk appointed himself. CEO less than
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? ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€็ถšใ‘ใ‚ˆใ† ใ€‚ Musk ใŒ่‡ชใ‚‰ไปปๅ‘ฝใ—ใŸใ€‚ CEO ใฏ
37:19
two months ago, I didn't know that only two months. He's been in the position shortly
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2 ใ‹ๆœˆใ‚‚ๅ‰ใซใ€็งใฏ 2 ใ‹ๆœˆใ—ใ‹็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏใ€10 ๆœˆๆœซใซ 440 ๅ„„ใƒ‰ใƒซใง Twitter ใ‚’่ฒทๅŽใ—ใŸ็›ดๅพŒใซใใฎๅœฐไฝใซๅฐฑใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™
37:24
after finalizing his 44 billion takeover of Twitter at the end of October. That's a lot
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๅคšใ
37:31
of zeros 44 million. He immediately dissolved the company's board of directors fired top
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ใฎใ‚ผใƒญ 4400 ไธ‡ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏใ™ใใซ ไผš็คพใฎๅ–็ท ๅฝนไผšใ‚’่งฃๆ•ฃใ—ใ€ๆœ€้ซ˜ๅนน้ƒจใ‚’่งฃ้›‡ใ—ใ€
37:39
executives and laid off around half the company's workforce. I created a nother lesson specifically
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ไผš็คพใฎๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใฎ็ด„ๅŠๅˆ†ใ‚’่งฃ้›‡ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
37:49
on Learn English with the news talking about Elon Musk becoming CEO of Twitter and I reviewed
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ใ‚คใƒผใƒญใƒณ ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฏใŒ Twitter ใฎ CEO ใซใชใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใฆใ€Learn English ใซ็‰นๅŒ–ใ—ใŸๅˆฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใ€
37:57
some of the vocabulary right here. So I'm going to leave a link to that lesson in the
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ ใใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใธใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใซๆฎ‹ใ—ใพใ™
38:05
description. And you can learn more of this vocabulary in that separate lesson. I don't
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ ่ชžๅฝ™ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€ใใฎๅˆฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅญฆใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
38:11
want to explain it again. Alright, let's continue on. Since then, the self avowed free speech
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ใ‚‚ใ†่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใใชใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€็ถšใ‘ใ‚ˆ ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œไปฅๆฅใ€่‡ช็งฐ่จ€่ซ–ใฎ่‡ช็”ฑใฎ
38:21
absolutist has made a long list of our Radek changes to the company's policies, including
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็ตถๅฏพไธป็พฉ่€…ใฏใ€
38:28
those pertaining to content moderation, suspended users and promotion of competitors. Let me
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ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใƒณใƒ„ใฎใƒขใƒ‡ใƒฌใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€ ใƒฆใƒผใ‚ถใƒผใฎๅœๆญขใ€็ซถๅˆไป–็คพใฎๅฎฃไผใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ใ€Radek ใฎใƒใƒชใ‚ทใƒผใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ๅค‰ๆ›ดใฎ้•ทใ„ใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
38:37
explain this adjective. I think it's quite useful, erotic, we use it enough. Now this
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ใ“ใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‹ใชใ‚Šไพฟๅˆฉใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€ใ‚จใƒญใ„ใงใ™ใ€ๅๅˆ†ไฝฟใฃใฆใพใ™ใ€‚
38:47
means okay, erotica is an adjective adjective and is is moving or behaving in a way that
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ใ‚จใƒญใƒใ‚ซใฏๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€้€šๅธธใฎ็ขบๅฎŸใพใŸใฏๆœŸๅพ…ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใงๅ‹•ใ„ใŸใ‚Š่กŒๅ‹•ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
38:58
is not regular certain or expected. So again, it's more of a negative adjective. We use
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. ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏ
39:07
it to describe one's behavior or actions in a negative way. So you could say my boss is
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚„่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็งใฎไธŠๅธใฏ
39:18
very erratic. Yesterday, he hired a marketing firm, and today he fired them. So one day
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้žๅธธใซไธๅฎ‰ๅฎšใ ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€ๅฝผใฏใƒžใƒผใ‚ฑใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐ ไผš็คพใ‚’้›‡ใ„ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’่งฃ้›‡ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ„ใคใฎๆ—ฅใ‹ใ€
39:34
he wants them yeah, they're great. Let's hire this marketing team. But then the next day
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ๅฝผใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆฌฒใ—ใŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใˆใˆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒžใƒผใ‚ฑใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใƒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’้›‡ใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
39:39
after one day, he fired them. So yes, no, yes. No. It's not the way you would expect
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็ฟŒๆ—ฅใ€ๅฝผใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’่งฃ้›‡ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใฏใ„ใ€ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
39:46
him to behave. So his decision making can change very frequently. You can describe that
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ๅฝผใซๆœŸๅพ…ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆŒฏใ‚‹่ˆžใ„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฝผใฎๆ„ๆ€ๆฑบๅฎšใฏ ้žๅธธใซ้ ป็นใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใฎไบบใ‚’ไธๅฎ‰ๅฎšใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
39:55
person as erratic. We often use this in specifically for driving. My husband is an erratic driver.
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. ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็‰นใซ้‹่ปขใซใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚ ็งใฎๅคซใฏๅธธ่ปŒใ‚’้€ธใ—ใŸ้‹่ปขๆ‰‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
40:11
In this case, it might mean you know, if you're driving on the highway, you expect the behavior
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ้ซ˜้€Ÿ้“่ทฏใ‚’้‹่ปขใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ‹•ไฝœใŒ
40:18
to be certain expected, you're going to go straight, right, but erratic with the earth.
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็ขบๅฎŸใซไบˆๆƒณใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใฃใ™ใใ€ๆญฃใ—ใใ€ใ—ใ‹ใ—ๅœฐ้ขใจใฏไธๅฎ‰ๅฎšใงใ™ใ€‚
40:25
You go this way and then you speed up and then you slow down and you change lanes, and
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ใ“ใฎ้“ใ‚’้€ฒใฟใ€ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ ๆธ›้€Ÿใ—ใ€่ปŠ็ทšใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใฆ
40:29
then you change lanes. And then you drive slow, you drive fast. So it's constantly changing
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ใ‹ใ‚‰่ปŠ็ทšใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Š้‹่ปขใ— ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้€Ÿใ้‹่ปขใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅธธใซๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€
40:36
is not what you would expect a driver to do. So we use that a lot with driving traffic.
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ใƒ‰ใƒฉใ‚คใƒใƒผใซๆœŸๅพ…ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ไบค้€š้‡ใ‚’ๅข—ใ‚„ใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
40:45
The traffic was very erratic. It was very busy. One second and then no traffic and then
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ใƒˆใƒฉใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏ้žๅธธใซไธๅฎ‰ๅฎšใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚ ๅฟ™ใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚ 1 ็ง’ๅพŒใซใƒˆใƒฉใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใŒใชใใชใ‚Šใ€
40:53
and then traffic and then no traffic, so it kept changing. So when something changes a
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ๆฌกใซใƒˆใƒฉใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใ€ใใฎๅพŒใƒˆใƒฉใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใชใใชใ‚Šใ€ ๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ—็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅคงใใๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ
40:58
lot, decision making for behavior, we do it a lot with decision making. Then you can describe
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ใ€่กŒๅ‹•ใฎๆ„ๆ€ๆฑบๅฎšใฏใ€ ๆ„ๆ€ๆฑบๅฎšใงๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆฌกใซใ€
41:06
that person or that action like driving as a Radek, which is the adjective. Okay, let's
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ใใฎไบบใพใŸใฏ้‹่ปขใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ใ€ ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ Radek ใจใ—ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€
41:13
continue on. He has repeatedly made and then reversed decisions seemingly on personal whims
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็ถšใ‘ใ‚ˆใ†ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏใ€ ๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใชๆฐ—ใพใใ‚Œใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ๆฑบๅฎšใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—่กŒใ„ใ€ใใฎๅพŒใ€ๆฑบๅฎšใ‚’่ฆ†ใ—ใ€TwitterใฎๆŠ•็ฅจใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆ
41:23
and enacted major changes on the platform based on yes or no Twitter polls. Like right
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ใƒ—ใƒฉใƒƒใƒˆใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใซๅคงใใชๅค‰ๆ›ดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใพใ—ใŸ . ไปŠใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
41:29
now. He's basing his decision to stay as CEO or leave as CEO stepped down as CEO based
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ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏใ€ใ“ใฎไธ–่ซ–่ชฟๆŸปใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใ€CEO ใจใ—ใฆ็•™ใพใ‚‹ ใ‹ใ€CEO ใŒ CEO ใ‚’่พžไปปใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฎๆฑบๅฎšใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™
41:39
on this poll. Maybe you could say that's very erratic. Only two months ago, he became the
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซไธๅฎ‰ๅฎšใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใšใ‹ 2 ใ‹ๆœˆๅ‰ใซใ€ๅฝผใฏ
41:45
CEO he paid $44 billion and now he's stepping down as CEO that could be described as erratic.
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440 ๅ„„ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใฃใŸ CEO ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€็พๅœจใ€ๅฝผใฏ ๅธธ่ปŒใ‚’้€ธใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ CEO ใ‚’่พžไปปใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
41:56
I really like this a whim a whim on a personal whims. Let me explain what this means. This
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็งใฏใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใชๆฐ—ใพใใ‚Œใงๆฐ—ใพใใ‚Œใงๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฅฝใใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
42:04
is an idiom on a whim. Now, this means so a whim This is a whim a sudden wish or idea
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ๆฐ—ใพใใ‚Œใชใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๆฐ—ใพใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆฐ—ใพใใ‚Œใงใ€็ช็„ถใฎ้ก˜ใ„ใ‚„่€ƒใˆใ€
42:16
especially one that can not be reasonably explained. And we often use this and well,
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็‰นใซๅˆ็†็š„ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใงใใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€
42:29
let me give you an example sentence. I quit my job on a whim on a whim. We don't commonly
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ไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็งใฏ ๆฐ—ใพใใ‚Œใงไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’่พžใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๆฐ—ใพใใ‚Œใฏ
42:39
use it with personal I don't see this quite a lot because whims are personal. So I don't
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ๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใชใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Š่ฆ‹ใ‹ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
42:48
think it adds anything to say personal because that's generally where they come from yourself.
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ๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใซใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚่ฟฝๅŠ ใ•ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
42:55
So I don't think that word is needed. You can get rid of it. And notice on all whim,
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ„ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๆฐ—ใพใใ‚Œใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€
43:02
now they have on they don't use the article off. Do you know why? In this example, because
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ไปŠใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’ไฝฟใ‚ใชใ„ใงใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใชใœใชใฎใ‹ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใงใฏใ€
43:10
WIMS is plural, so you don't use the article. If there's a plural, but it's more commonly
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WIMS ใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใชใฎใงๅ† ่ฉžใฏไฝฟใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
43:19
used like this on a whim, so I recommend adding it like this. So we use it, you do an action,
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฐ—ใพใใ‚Œใซไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’่ตทใ“ใ—ใ€
43:25
I quit my job. Now if you want to suggest that you didn't think about it very much,
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็งใฏไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’่พžใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ใพใ‚Š่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจ็คบๅ”†ใ—ใŸใ„ใชใ‚‰ใ€
43:33
and you can't even really explain why you quit. It's like I just had this feeling I
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ใใ—ใฆใชใœใ‚„ใ‚ใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ•ใˆใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ . ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉ
43:39
was out work. And I just, I decided suddenly, I can't even tell you why I don't have a good
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ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ไผ‘ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉใ€็งใฏ็ช็„ถๆฑบๅฟƒใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ ใชใœ็งใŒ่‰ฏใ„ๆฑบๆ–ญใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใ‹ใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใ•ใˆใงใใพใ›ใ‚“
43:48
decision. I quit my job on a whim. Some might consider that a good thing. Some might consider
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. ๆฐ—ใพใใ‚Œใงไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’่พžใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚’่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใ ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใ ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
43:54
that a bad thing. It just It depends on your preferences. I guess. For me, to be honest,
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฅฝใฟใซไพๅญ˜ใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ็งใฏๆŽจๆธฌใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๆญฃ็›ดใชใจใ“ใ‚ใ€
44:00
I tend to travel on a whim. So I can say I booked a trip to Germany on a whim. I don't
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็งใฏๆฐ—ใพใใ‚Œใงๆ—…่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‚พๅ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ๆฐ—ใพใใ‚Œใงใƒ‰ใ‚คใƒ„ใธใฎๆ—…่กŒใ‚’ไบˆ็ด„ใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ
44:09
generally think too much about the trips I take. It's just one day I decide I want to
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้€šๅธธใ€ๆ—…่กŒใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ใพใ‚Š่€ƒใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ—ฅใ€
44:15
go to Germany and the next day I booked a ticket. So I tend to do that on a whim. So
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ใƒ‰ใ‚คใƒ„ใซ่กŒใใŸใ„ใจๆฑบๅฟƒใ—ใ€็ฟŒๆ—ฅ ใƒใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’ไบˆ็ด„ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏๆฐ—ใพใใ‚Œใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‚พๅ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€่กๅ‹•็š„ใซๆฐ—ใพใใ‚Œใซ
44:22
what about you do you do things on a whim more impulsively? Or are you the type of person
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็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹ ? ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใ€
44:29
that really thinks things through? I'm sure it depends. It depends on the situation, right?
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็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฃใ‹ใ‚Šใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใฃใจ ไพๅญ˜ใ—ใฆใพใ™ใ€‚ ็Šถๆณๆฌก็ฌฌใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ ๆฐ—ใพใใ‚Œใง
44:34
Maybe there are some things you would do on a whim. For example, let's say cake, so I
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ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚็งใฏ
44:39
have long hair. Let's say one day I wake up and I say I want to cut my hair to here and
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้•ทใ„้ซชใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ—ฅใ€็›ฎใŒ่ฆšใ‚ใฆ ใ“ใ“ใพใง้ซชใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจ่จ€ใ„ใ€
44:46
I get my hair cut. And then someone could say wow, oh my gosh, you cut your hair, and
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้ซชใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ ใ™ใ”ใ„ใ€ใชใ‚“ใฆใ“ใจใ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้ซชใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใฃใŸใ€ใใ—ใฆ
44:51
I can see ya. I did it on a whim so I didn't think about it too much. I just I had the
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹. ๆฐ—ใพใใ‚Œใซใ‚„ใฃใŸใฎใง ใ‚ใพใ‚Šๆทฑใ่€ƒใˆใšใซใ€‚ ็งใฏใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉ็งใŒ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใŸ
44:59
idea. I want to cut my hair and I did it on a whim. So I think it's a really great expression.
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ใ€‚ ้ซชใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚ŠใŸใใฆใ€ ๆ€ใ„ใคใใงๅˆ‡ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ™ใ”ใใ„ใ„่กจ็พใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
45:06
So remember, you do an action, and then you can add on a whim. Try one in the comment
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ๆฐ—ใพใใ‚Œใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใง่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
45:13
section. Try an example. Okay, finally, last week he attracted enormous backlash after
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ใ€‚ ไพ‹ใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใคใ„ใซใ€ๅ…ˆ้€ฑใ€
45:20
Twitter suddenly and without explanation suspended several prominent tech journalists who have
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Twitter ใŒ็ช็„ถใ€ไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใฎ ่‘—ๅใชๆŠ€่ก“ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใƒŠใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใฎ่‘—ๅใชๆŠ€่ก“ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใƒŠใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ไฝ•ใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ‚‚ใชใๅœๆญขใ—ใŸๅพŒใ€ๅฝผใฏๅคงใใชๅ็™บใ‚’้›†ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸ
45:27
reported on him he leader accused them of effectively sharing his assassination coordinates
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45:34
by reporting on a Twitter account that tracked his private planes flights.
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ใ€‚
45:40
All right, this an assassination is when someone murders someone and it was planned. Like President
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆš—ๆฎบใจใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๆฎบๅฎณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่จˆ็”ปใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ€‚
45:50
JFK was assassinated. He was murdered and somebody planned that. So Elon Musk is seeing
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JFKๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ใŒๆš—ๆฎบใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏๆฎบๅฎณใ•ใ‚Œใ€ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’่จˆ็”ปใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚คใƒผใƒญใƒณ ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฏใฏใ€
46:02
that this journalist gave his his flight plan. So basically, they posted Elon Musk is going
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใƒŠใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใŒๅฝผใฎ้ฃ›่กŒ่จˆ็”ปใ‚’ๆๅ‡บใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚คใƒผใƒญใƒณใƒปใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฏใŒ
46:14
to be in Germany on this date at this time. So if somebody wanted to attack Elon Musk
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ใ“ใฎๆ—ฅใซใƒ‰ใ‚คใƒ„ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆŠ•็จฟใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚คใƒผใƒญใƒณใƒปใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’ๆ”ปๆ’ƒใ—ใฆ
46:25
and kill him, well, now they know where he's going to be when he's going to be there. So
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ๆฎบใใ†ใจใ—ใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ไปŠใงใฏๅฝผใŒใฉใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€
46:31
it would be easy to plan that. So that's what it means by assassination coordinates. I'm
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่จˆ็”ปใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒ ๆš—ๆฎบๅบงๆจ™ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
46:38
just explaining that because you're probably curious.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ ใ€‚
46:40
All right, so that is our article you learned a lot from this article. Now what I'm going
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใงใ€ ใ“ใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰็งใŒใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€
46:47
to do is I'm going to read the article from start to finish so you can focus on my pronunciation
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่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’ ๆœ€ๅˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๆœ€ๅพŒใพใง่ชญใ‚“ใงใ€็งใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซ้›†ไธญใ—
46:54
and you can imitate my pronunciation.
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ใ€็งใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’็œŸไผผใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™.
46:57
Elon Musk says he will resign as Twitter CEO after securing successor. The billionaire
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ใ‚คใƒผใƒญใƒณใƒปใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฏใฏใ€ๅพŒ็ถ™่€…ใ‚’็ขบไฟใ—ใŸๅพŒใ€TwitterใฎCEOใ‚’่พžไปปใ™ใ‚‹ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๅ„„ไธ‡้•ท่€…ใฏ
47:05
posted a poll over the weekend asking Twitter users if he should step down. The majority
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้€ฑๆœซใซๆŠ•็ฅจใ‚’ๆŠ•็จฟใ—ใ€Twitter ใƒฆใƒผใ‚ถใƒผใซ่พžไปปใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ้ŽๅŠๆ•ฐใŒ
47:12
voted yes. Elon Musk on Tuesday claimed he will resign as CEO of Twitter once he has
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่ณ›ๆˆ็ฅจใ‚’ๆŠ•ใ˜ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚คใƒผใƒญใƒณใƒปใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฏๆฐใฏ็ซๆ›œๆ—ฅใ€ๅพŒไปปใŒ ่ฆ‹ใคใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใƒ„ใ‚คใƒƒใ‚ฟใƒผใฎCEOใ‚’่พžไปปใ™ใ‚‹ใจ่ฟฐในใŸ
47:20
found a replacement. I will resign as CEO as soon as I find someone foolish enough to
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ใ€‚ ็งใฏCEOใ‚’ๅผ•ใๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ใปใฉ ๆ„šใ‹ใชไบบใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ๆฌก็ฌฌใ€CEOใ‚’่พžไปปใ—ใพใ™
47:26
take the job. after that. I will just run the software and servers teams the billionaire
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ใ€‚ ใใฎๅพŒใ€‚ ็งใฏใ€ ๅ„„ไธ‡้•ท่€…ใŒใƒ„ใ‚คใƒผใƒˆใ—ใŸใ‚ฝใƒ•ใƒˆใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚ขใจใ‚ตใƒผใƒใƒผใฎใƒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’้‹ๅ–ถใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™
47:33
tweeted. On Sunday, Musk posted a poll on the social media platform, asking users if
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ใ€‚ ๆ—ฅๆ›œๆ—ฅใซใ€ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฏใฏใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใƒ—ใƒฉใƒƒใƒˆใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใซไธ–่ซ–่ชฟๆŸปใ‚’ๆŠ•็จฟใ— ใ€ใƒ†ใƒŠใƒณใƒˆใจใ—ใฆ่พžไปปใ™ในใใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ใƒฆใƒผใ‚ถใƒผใซๅฐ‹ใญ
47:40
he should step down as a tenant and said he would abide by the results. More than 17 point
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ใ€ ็ตๆžœใซๅพ“ใ†ใจ่ฟฐในใŸ.
47:48
5 million votes were cast. A majority 57.5% voted yes. Shortly after posting the poll
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17.5 ็™พไธ‡็ฅจไปฅไธŠใŒๆŠ•ใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ้ŽๅŠๆ•ฐใฎ 57.5% ใŒ ่ณ›ๆˆ็ฅจใ‚’ๆŠ•ใ˜ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ไธ–่ซ–่ชฟๆŸปใ‚’ๆŠ•็จฟใ—ใŸ็›ดๅพŒใซใ€
47:58
must have said he did not have anyone lined up to take over. No one wants the job. Who
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ๅฝผใฏๅผ•ใ็ถ™ใใŸใ‚ใซ่ชฐใ‚‚ไธฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใซ้•ใ„ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ . ่ชฐใ‚‚ใใฎไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่ชฐใŒ
48:04
can actually keep Twitter alive. There is no successor he tweeted. Musk appointed himself
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซTwitterใ‚’ๅญ˜็ถšใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹. ๅฝผใŒใƒ„ใ‚คใƒผใƒˆใ—ใŸๅพŒ็ถ™่€…ใฏใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ Musk ใฏ 10 ๆœˆๆœซใซ
48:11
CEO less than two months ago, shortly after finalizing his $44 billion takeover of Twitter
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440 ๅ„„ใƒ‰ใƒซใง Twitter ใ‚’่ฒทๅŽใ—ใŸ็›ดๅพŒใซใ€CEO ใซๅฐฑไปปใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ 2 ใ‹ๆœˆใ‚‚็ตŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“
48:20
at the end of October. He immediately dissolved the company's board of directors fired top
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ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏใ™ใใซ ไผš็คพใฎๅ–็ท ๅฝนไผšใ‚’่งฃๆ•ฃใ—ใ€ๆœ€้ซ˜ๅนน้ƒจใ‚’่งฃ้›‡ใ—ใ€
48:26
executives and laid off around half the company's workforce. Since then, the self avowed free
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ไผš็คพใฎๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใฎ็ด„ๅŠๅˆ†ใ‚’่งฃ้›‡ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œไปฅๆฅใ€่‡ช็งฐ่จ€่ซ–ใฎ่‡ช็”ฑใฎ
48:33
speech absolutist has made a long list of erratic changes to the company's policies,
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็ตถๅฏพไธป็พฉ่€…ใฏใ€
48:41
including those pertaining to content, moderation, suspended users, and promotion of competitors.
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ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใƒณใƒ„ใ€ใƒขใƒ‡ใƒฌใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€ ๅœๆญขใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใƒฆใƒผใ‚ถใƒผใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณ็ซถๅˆไป–็คพใฎๅฎฃไผใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ใ€ไผš็คพใฎใƒใƒชใ‚ทใƒผใซไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ใชๅค‰ๆ›ดใฎ้•ทใ„ใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸ.
48:48
He has recently made and then reverse decisions seemingly on personal whims, and enacted major
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ๅฝผใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€ๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใชๆฐ—ใพใใ‚Œใงๆฑบๅฎšใ‚’ไธ‹ใ—ใŸๅพŒใ€ๆฑบๅฎšใ‚’่ฆ†ใ— ใ€Twitter ใฎๆŠ•็ฅจใฎใ€Œ
48:55
changes on the platform based on yes or no Twitter polls. Last week, he attracted enormous
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใ€ใƒ—ใƒฉใƒƒใƒˆใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใซๅคงใใชๅค‰ๆ›ดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ๅ…ˆ้€ฑใ€
49:03
backlash after Twitter suddenly and without explanation suspended several prominent tech
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Twitter ใŒ็ช็„ถไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใฎ ่‘—ๅใชๆŠ€่ก“ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใƒŠใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ไฝ•ใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ‚‚ใชใๅœๆญขใ—ใŸๅพŒใ€ๅฝผใฏๅคงใใชๅๆ„Ÿใ‚’่ฒทใฃใŸ
49:09
journalists who had reported on him he later accused them of effectively sharing his assassination
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49:17
coordinates by reporting on a Twitter account that tracked his private planes flights.
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ใ€‚
49:23
Amazing job with that article! Now feel free to hit pause take a break, go get a cup of
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ใใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใง็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใงใ™๏ผ ไธ€ๆ™‚ ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆไผ‘ๆ†ฉใ—ใ€
49:30
coffee or tea review the vocabulary you just learned. And when you're ready, hit play,
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ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚„ใŠ่Œถใ‚’้ฃฒใฟใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ€ไปŠๅญฆใ‚“ใ ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
49:37
and we'll continue on with the next article.
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ๆฌกใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
49:43
You probably recognize these two celebrities. Will Smith and Chris Rock. Let me read the
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ใ“ใฎ 2 ไบบใฎๆœ‰ๅไบบใ‚’ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒซใƒปใ‚นใƒŸใ‚นใจใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚นใƒปใƒญใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€‚
49:49
headline of our article. Will Smith says bottled rage led him to slap Chris Rock at the Oscars.
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็งใŸใกใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒซใƒปใ‚นใƒŸใ‚นใฏใ€ใƒœใƒˆใƒซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฎ ๆ€’ใ‚ŠใŒใ‚ชใ‚นใ‚ซใƒผใงใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚นใƒปใƒญใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅนณๆ‰‹ๆ‰“ใกใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™.
49:58
So this is very important to understand our article. So slab, this is slap it's a verb
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚นใƒฉใƒ–ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅนณๆ‰‹ๆ‰“ใกใงใ™ใ€‚
50:07
to slap. It's very commonly associated with violence so in a negative way, however you
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ๅนณๆ‰‹ๆ‰“ใกใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซๆšดๅŠ›ใซ้–ข้€ฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐ
50:15
could slap a mosquito or a fly on your arm for example so you can use it in other contexts
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่šŠใ‚„ใƒใ‚จใ‚’่…•ใซๅฉใใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ ไป–ใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™
50:26
but more commonly use in violence fighting between two people. Okay, let me explain this
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ใŒใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใฏ 2ไบบใฎ้–“ใงใฎๆšดๅŠ›ใฎๆˆฆใ„ใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™. ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ•ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
50:36
because I believe this is mentioned again, bottled rage bottled rage. So rage, of course
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ†ใณ่จ€ๅŠใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒœใƒˆใƒซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฎๆ€’ใ‚Šใ€ใƒœใƒˆใƒซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฎๆ€’ใ‚Šใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆ€’ใ‚Šใฏใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€
50:43
is an emotion it means to be very very, very, very angry. Okay, that's rage. Now. What does
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้žๅธธใซใ€้žๅธธใซใ€ ้žๅธธใซๆ€’ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆ€’ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠใ€‚
50:54
bottled rage mean? Models? Imagine here we have a bottle right and the water is in the
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bottled rage ใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹? ใƒขใƒ‡ใƒซ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใƒœใƒˆใƒซใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆฐดใŒใƒœใƒˆใƒซใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใฆ
51:03
bottle and it can't get out right so if you have a bottled emotion, rage, anger, jealousy,
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ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆญฃใ—ใๅ‡บใฆใ“ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ใƒœใƒˆใƒซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ€ๆ€’ใ‚Šใ€ๆ€’ใ‚Šใ€ๅซ‰ๅฆฌใ€
51:12
hatred, generally a negative emotion it means that emotion is inside of you and can't get
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ๆ†Žใ—ใฟใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใฏๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธญใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
51:20
out just like the water can't get out of this bottle. So it's when you have an emotion and
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ๆฐดใŒใ“ใฎใƒœใƒˆใƒซใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‡บใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใฎใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅ‡บใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใŒใ‚ใฃใฆ
51:27
you do not express it. You keep it inside of you. So if you keep anger, rage, jealousy,
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่กจ็พใ—ใชใ„ใจใใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธญใซไฟใกใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆ€’ใ‚Šใ€ๆฟ€ๆ€’ใ€ๅซ‰ๅฆฌใ€
51:35
hatred inside of you, eventually a can come out and you might do something violent like
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ๆ†Žใ—ใฟใ‚’ๅฟƒใฎไธญใซๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ‚„ใŒใฆใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๅนณๆ‰‹ๆ‰“ใกใ™ใ‚‹ ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆšดๅŠ›็š„ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
51:43
slap someone. Let's continue on. Will Smith has said his bottled rage led hand to slap
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ใ€‚ ็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒซใƒปใ‚นใƒŸใ‚นใฏใ€ ๅฝผใฎใƒœใƒˆใƒซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใ—ใŸๆ€’ใ‚ŠใŒ
51:51
comedian Chris Rock. Here's our comedian Chris Rock onstage at the Oscars in March. The actor
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใƒณใฎใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚นใƒปใƒญใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅนณๆ‰‹ๆ‰“ใกใ—ใŸใจ่ชžใฃใŸ. 3 ๆœˆใฎใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒผ่ณžใงใ‚ณใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใƒณใฎ Chris Rock ใŒใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ธใซ็™ปๅ ดใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไฟณๅ„ชใฏใ€
52:00
has been interviewed for the first time since the incident which he described as a horrible
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ๅฝผใŒๆใ‚ใ—ใ„ๆใ‚ใ—ใ„ๅคœใจ่กจ็พใ—ใŸไบ‹ไปถไปฅๆฅใ€ๅˆใ‚ใฆใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใพใ—ใŸ
52:07
horrific night. Horrific This is a great adjective. A lot of times students will use very common
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. ๆใ‚ใ—ใ„ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅญฆ็”Ÿใฏ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช
52:15
adjectives good or bad because it's the ones they know. But adding more advanced adjectives
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ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฎ่‰ฏใ„ใพใŸใฏๆ‚ชใ„ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
52:22
will make your English sound more advanced and will give you more color to your language
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่‹ฑ่ชžใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ๅบฆใซ่žใ“ใˆ ใ€่จ€่ชžใซๅฝฉใ‚Šใ‚’ๆทปใˆใพใ™
52:28
as well. A horrific night. So this is a very very, very bad night. That's how you can think
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ใ€‚ ๆใ‚ใ—ใ„ๅคœใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ้žๅธธใซ้žๅธธใซๆ‚ชใ„ๅคœใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
52:38
of it as a very, very bad night. So if somebody asks you, how was your day, you could say
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’้žๅธธใซ้žๅธธใซๆ‚ชใ„ๅคœใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™. ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธ€ๆ—ฅใฏใฉใ†ใ ใฃใŸใ‹ใจๅฐ‹ใญใŸใ‚‰ใ€
52:48
I had a horrific day, which means very very bad. Or you can describe an event that was
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็งใฏๆใ‚ใ—ใ„ไธ€ๆ—ฅใ‚’้Žใ”ใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ๆใ‚ใ—ใ„ๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™
52:56
horrific. That was very very bad. When I saw Will Smith slop Chris wrong. That was horrific.
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒซใƒปใ‚นใƒŸใ‚นใŒใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚นใ‚’ใ ใพใ™ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใจใใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
53:05
So you can say I had I had a horrific day. All right, let's move on. appearing on The
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏๆใ‚ใ—ใ„ไธ€ๆ—ฅใ‚’้Žใ”ใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
53:19
Daily Show with Trevor Noah. He said I was going through something that night you know
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ใƒˆใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒปใƒŽใ‚ขใจใฎใƒ‡ใ‚คใƒชใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒผใซๅ‡บๆผ”ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏใ€็งใŒ ใใฎๅคœใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
53:27
now are he is Will Smith. So just remember that through this story he unless said otherwise
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ๅฝผใฏใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒซใƒปใ‚นใƒŸใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ“ใฎ็‰ฉ่ชžใ‚’้€šใ—ใฆใ€็‰นใซๆ–ญใ‚Šใฎใชใ„้™ใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผใฏ
53:35
is Will Smith. I was going through so I Will Smith. I was going through something that
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ใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒซใƒปใ‚นใƒŸใ‚นใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„. ็งใฏ้€šใฃใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒซใƒป ใ‚นใƒŸใ‚นใ€‚ ใใฎๅคœใ€็งใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
53:41
night, you know. So he's describing what happened that night when he slapped the comedian Chris
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๅฝผใฏใใฎๆใ‚ใ—ใ„ๅคœใซใ‚ณใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใƒณใฎใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚นใƒปใƒญใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅนณๆ‰‹ๆ‰“ใกใ—ใŸใจใใซไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
53:49
Rock that horrific night. I was going through something to go through something. This is
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. ็งใฏ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
54:01
an expression and we use this faith to experience something difficult in our lives. And we use
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่กจ็พใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใฎไฟกไปฐใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ€ ไบบ็”Ÿใงๅ›ฐ้›ฃใชใ“ใจใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ็‰นๅฎšใ—ใŸใใชใ„
54:10
this more as a general expression when we don't really want to specify what it is. So
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ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่กจ็พใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰
54:16
when somebody asks you what's wrong, you seem upset. You can just say I'm going through
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซไฝ•ใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใฎใ‹ใจๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๅ‹•ๆบใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™. ็งใฏไปŠใ€ๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™
54:24
a lot right now. I'm going through a lot right now. And that's just general but it lets the
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ใ€‚ ็งใฏไปŠใ€ๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒใ€
54:30
person know you're experiencing something difficult. Now they might follow up and say
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝ•ใ‹้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็›ธๆ‰‹ใซ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใพใ™ . ไปŠใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒญใƒผใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ—ใฆใ€
54:37
well what Tell Me More and then you can say I lost my job. I my car was in an accident.
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Tell Me More ใจใ‚ˆใ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ็งใฎ่ปŠใŒไบ‹ๆ•…ใซ้ญใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
54:44
My mom got sick so you can list the difficult things in your life. So we use this as a general
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็งใฎๆฏใŒ็—…ๆฐ—ใซใชใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไบบ็”Ÿใงๅ›ฐ้›ฃใชใ“ใจใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
54:52
statement. What's wrong I'm going through a lot right now. I'm going through a lot right
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ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใŒๅ•้กŒใชใฎใ‹ใ€็งใฏ ไปŠๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏไปŠใ€ๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
55:05
now. Now notice it's our verb to be. So or sorry, not our verb to be our verb is go.
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ†ใพใŸใฏ ็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€็งใŸใกใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใงใฏใชใใ€็งใŸใกใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ่กŒใใงใ™ใ€‚
55:13
So that's the verb you're going to conjugate. Now here it's in the past continuous that's
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆดป็”จใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ้ŽๅŽป้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใชใฎใงใ€
55:19
why we have I was going I was going and here it's in the Present Continuous on going because
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I was going ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚I was going ใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใง ใฏ็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€
55:28
you're experiencing the difficulty right now. Not that that justifies my behavior at all.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไปŠๅ›ฐ้›ฃใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ๆญฃๅฝ“ๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
55:37
So Will Smith is saying the fact he was experiencing something difficult. That's not an excuse.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒซใƒปใ‚นใƒŸใ‚นใฏใ€ๅฝผใŒไฝ•ใ‹้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ . ใใ‚Œใฏ่จ€ใ„่จณใซใฏใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
55:45
If something justifies something is an excuse. It says it's okay that I slapped him because
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆญฃๅฝ“ๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่จ€ใ„่จณใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€็งใŒๅฝผใ‚’ๅนณๆ‰‹ๆ‰“ใกใ—ใŸใ“ใจใฏๅคงไธˆๅคซใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
55:54
I was going through something but he's saying that doesn't justify it. That's not an excuse.
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ใŒใ€ๅฝผใฏ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆญฃๅฝ“ๅŒ–ใ—ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™. ใใ‚Œใฏ่จ€ใ„่จณใซใฏใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
56:01
So you can think of this as an excuse. But remember, they're using it in the negative
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่จ€ใ„่จณใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€
56:09
and excuse not that that justifies my behavior. It's not an excuse. Smith added that there
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ๆญฃๅฝ“ๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†่จ€ใ„่จณใฏใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“. ใใ‚Œใฏ่จ€ใ„่จณใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚นใƒŸใ‚นใฏใ€
56:18
were many nuances and complexities to it, but added I just, I lost it. I lost it. Now
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ใใ‚Œใซใฏๅคšใใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใ‚ขใƒณใ‚นใจ่ค‡้›‘ใ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจไป˜ใ‘ๅŠ ใˆใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ ็งใฏใŸใ ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅคฑใฃใŸใจไป˜ใ‘ๅŠ ใˆใพใ—ใŸ. ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅคฑใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
56:28
notice here I lost it. What do you think that it is? I lost it. What what did he lose his
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€็ด›ๅคฑใ—ใŸใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ ๏ผŸ ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅคฑใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผใŒ่ฒกๅธƒใฎ้ตใ‚’ใชใใ—ใŸใฎใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹
56:35
keys his wallet? No. When we use this in a general sense, I lost it. And I know what
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? ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจ ใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅคฑใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็‰ฉ่ชžใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
56:43
the context of the story is. He slapped someone I know that it means his sense of control
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ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏ็งใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๅนณๆ‰‹ๆ‰“ใกใ—ใŸ
56:52
over himself, his emotions, his actions, I lost it. So we use this in the sense I lost
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. ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฎไผš่ญฐใงใชใใ—ใŸใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟใ„ใพใ™
57:06
it yesterday in the meeting. So maybe you're in this meeting, and your coworker said she
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใ“ใฎไผš่ญฐใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ๅŒๅƒšใŒ
57:15
couldn't finish the project and you lost it. What do you mean you couldn't finish the project?
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ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’ๅฎŒไบ†ใงใใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ„ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅคฑใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’ๅฎŒไบ†ใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹?
57:21
That's unacceptable and you get really really angry you lose control of your emotions, your
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅฎน่ชใงใใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ ๆ€’ใฃใฆใ—ใพใ„ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚„่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒญใƒผใƒซใงใใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ™
57:28
actions. You get taken over by the emotion maybe the bottled the bottled emotion, your
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใซไน—ใฃๅ–ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ็“ถ่ฉฐใ‚ใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…
57:37
bottled anger, your bottled rage, so I lost it. This is an expression. Hopefully you don't
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็“ถ่ฉฐใ‚ใฎๆ€’ใ‚Š ็“ถ่ฉฐใ‚ใฎๆ€’ใ‚Š ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅคฑใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่กจ็พใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใช่กจ็พใงใฏ
57:44
have to use it too often because it's not a positive expression. So to lose it. This
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ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Š้ ป็นใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅคฑใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
57:50
means to lose control over your emotions or your actions as well because you might just
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ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚„่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ๅˆถๅพกใงใใชใใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
57:59
start yelling at your coworker, but you didn't really want to you feel really bad after but
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ๅŒๅƒšใซๆ€’้ณดใ‚Šๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ๅพŒใงๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใ‚’ๅฎณใ—ใŸใใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใŒ
58:07
in that moment, you just couldn't control it. You lost control. Smith storm the stage
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ใ€ใใฎ็žฌ้–“ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅˆถๅพกใงใใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒญใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๅคฑใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใƒญใƒƒใ‚ฏใŒ
58:17
at the Hollywood award ceremony after rock made a joke about Smith wife Jada has shaved
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ใ‚นใƒŸใ‚นใฎๅฆปใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚คใƒ€ใŒ้ ญใ‚’ๅ‰ƒใฃใŸใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆๅ†—่ซ‡ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใŸๅพŒใ€ใ‚นใƒŸใ‚นใฏใƒใƒชใ‚ฆใƒƒใƒ‰ใฎๆŽˆ่ณžๅผใงใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’่ฅฒใฃใŸ
58:24
head. Ooh, that's kind of a tongue twister. She has the hair loss condition, alopecia.
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. ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไธ€็จฎใฎๆ—ฉๅฃ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่„ฑๆฏ›็Šถๆ…‹ใ€่„ฑๆฏ›็—‡ใ‚’ๆ‚ฃใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ขใƒญใ‚ซใ‚ทใ‚ขใฏ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช็Šถๆ…‹ใงใฏใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€
58:32
Now notice how in the article they explain what alocasia is because it's not a very common
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่จ˜ไบ‹ใงใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ‚ขใƒญใ‚ซใ‚ทใ‚ขใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
58:39
condition. They explain it's a hair loss condition. And it's a hair loss condition for women because
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. ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚ŒใŒ่„ฑๆฏ›็Šถๆ…‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
58:46
men unfortunately, lose their hair and we call that bald to be bald to be bold. To be
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ๆฎ‹ๅฟตใชใŒใ‚‰็”ทๆ€งใฏ้ซชใ‚’ๅคฑใ„ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ ใใฎใƒใ‚ฒใ‚’ๅคง่ƒ†ใซใƒใ‚ฒใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฅณๆ€งใฎ่„ฑๆฏ›็Šถๆ…‹ใงใ™.
58:59
bald. This describes a man with no head hair, no head hair right to be bald, but we don't
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็ฆฟใ’ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€้ ญ้ซชใฎใชใ„็”ทๆ€งใ€ใƒใ‚ฒใซใชใ‚‹้ ญ้ซชใŒใชใ„็”ทๆ€งใ‚’่กจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใŒใ€
59:11
usually associate that with women. So there's a condition when women lose their hair is
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้€šๅธธใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฅณๆ€งใจ้–ข้€ฃไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“. ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ ๅฅณๆ€งใฎ้ซชใฎๆฏ›ใŒๆŠœใ‘ใ‚‹็Šถๆ…‹ใ‚’
59:18
called alocasia. Now I want to point out these apostrophe assets in the in this case, the
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ใ‚ขใƒญใ‚ซใ‚ทใ‚ขใจๅ‘ผใณใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃ ใ‚ขใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
59:29
apostrophe s is used to show possession, possession. So, Smith wife, the wife belongs to Smith
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ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃ s ใฏๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ€ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚นใƒŸใ‚นใฎๅฆปใ€ๅฆปใฏใ‚นใƒŸใ‚นใ‹ใ‚‰
59:43
to Will Smith, and then they're saying her name Jada. That's his wife's name. Jada. Now
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ใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒซใƒปใ‚นใƒŸใ‚นใซๅฑžใ—ใ€ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎ ๅๅ‰ใ‚’ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚คใƒ€ใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™. ใใ‚Œใฏๅฝผใฎๅฆปใฎๅๅ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚คใƒ€ใ€‚ ไปŠใ€
59:49
but the shaved head belongs to Jada. So that's why there is an apostrophe as the shaved head
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ๅ‰ƒใฃใŸ้ ญใฏใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚คใƒ€ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎ ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅ‰ƒใฃใŸ้ ญใฏ
59:57
belongs to Jada and shaved head is when you would go like this. And then you get rid of
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ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚คใƒ€ใซๅฑžใ—ใ€ๅ‰ƒใฃใŸ้ ญใฏ ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่กŒใใจใใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™. ใใ—ใฆใ€
60:04
all your hair that would be a shaved head. I believe. It looks like his head is shaved
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ๅŠไธป้ ญใซใชใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎ้ซชใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใง้ ญใ‚’ๅ‰ƒใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™
60:11
here. So he would go like this and then the hair is very close to his his scalp. That's
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงๅฝผใฏใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใ€ ้ซชใฏๅฝผใฎ้ ญ็šฎใซ้žๅธธใซ่ฟ‘ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™. ใใ‚Œใฏ
60:18
a shaved head. Now, very common for men but not that common for women. And the comedian
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ๅ‰ƒๆฏ›ใ—ใŸ้ ญใงใ™ใ€‚ ็พๅœจใ€็”ทๆ€งใซใฏ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใŒใ€ ๅฅณๆ€งใซใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใƒณใฎ
60:27
Chris Rock he made a joke about Will Smith Weiss shaved head so shaved head we talked
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ใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚นใƒปใƒญใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏใ€ใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒซใƒปใ‚นใƒŸใ‚นใƒปใƒฏใ‚คใ‚นใŒ้ ญใ‚’ๅ‰ƒใฃใŸใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆๅ†—่ซ‡ใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
60:36
about what this is shaved head hurt people hurt people. I understand how shocking that
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒไบบใ€…ใซใจใฃใฆใฉใ‚Œใปใฉ่กๆ’ƒ็š„ใ ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚’็งใฏ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
60:47
was for people. He told Noah Noah is the TV show host remember he went Will Smith went
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ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏใ€ใƒŽใ‚ขใƒปใƒŽใ‚ขใฏใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ ็•ช็ต„ใฎ
60:56
on The Daily Show with the host Trevor Noah so Will Smith is saying this to the TV show
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ๅธไผš่€…ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผใŒ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ ่ชžใฃใŸ
61:04
host No. I understand how shocking that was for people. So shocking. This is a great adjective.
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. ใจใฆใ‚‚่กๆ’ƒ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
61:12
Just look at my face right now. That is shocking. What so when you receive news and it causes
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ไปŠใฎ็งใฎ้ก”ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ่กๆ’ƒ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใฃใฆใ€
61:22
you to go what you lost your job what? But shocking is generally used in a negative context
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ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ๅคฑใฃใŸใฎใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๆ–‡่„ˆใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
61:34
because we might go in more of a positive. You just got engaged. That's amazing. Oh,
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฉš็ด„ใ—ใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ™ใ”ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€
61:42
but that's more surprise, which is can be a more positive emotion but generally shocking
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ใงใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจ้ฉšใใงใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚‚ใฃใจใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
61:50
when we describe something as shocking there's a negative emotion in there. So when Will
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใจ่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใใ“ใซใฏใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒซใƒป
61:57
Smith slapped the comedian? Imagine what the audience did. They would have gone Oh, shocking.
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ใ‚นใƒŸใ‚นใŒใ‚ณใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใƒณใ‚’ๅนณๆ‰‹ๆ‰“ใกใ—ใŸใฎใฏใ„ใคใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ่ด่ก†ใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‹ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใ‚ใ€่กๆ’ƒ็š„ใ ใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
62:06
How shocking that was. I was gone. That was a rage that had been bottled for a really
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ใชใ‚“ใฆ่กๆ’ƒ็š„ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็งใฏใ„ใชใใชใฃใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้•ทใ„้–“็“ถ่ฉฐใ‚ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸๆ€’ใ‚Šใงใ—ใŸ
62:17
long time. So again, that emotion it's inside and you're not letting it out. You're not
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. ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใฏๅ†…ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅค–ใซๅ‡บใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
62:24
expressing your emotion. So because we've seen this for a few times, we do have some
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’่กจ็พใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ•ฐๅ›ž่ฆ‹ใฆใใŸใฎใงใ€ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’ๅฐใ˜่พผใ‚ใ‚‹
62:32
common expressions generally we say you shouldn't bottle your emotions. Sometimes we add the
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ในใใงใฏใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่กจ็พใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ .
62:42
optional preposition up to create a phrasal verb to bottle up. You shouldn't bottle up
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ใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉž up ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใ€ ่ฉฐใ‚่พผใ‚€ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’้–‰ใ˜่พผใ‚ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“
62:50
your emotions, which means you shouldn't keep your emotions inside of you. You should express
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ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎไธญใซ้–‰ใ˜่พผใ‚ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€
63:04
them so to express your emotion is when you might say to someone, hey, you hurt my feelings
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่ชฐใ‹ใซใ€Œใญใˆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไปŠๆ—ฅ็งใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’ๅ‚ทใคใ‘ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจใใงใ™
63:14
today. Or I felt really sad today. Instead of just keeping it inside of you and not expressing
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ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆ‚ฒใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎไธญใซ้–‰ใ˜่พผใ‚ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่กจ็พใ›ใšใซ
63:24
it bottling it up inside of you. He said he also understood the pain he had caused and
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎไธญใซ้–‰ใ˜่พผใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏ ใพใŸใ€ๅฝผใŒๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ—ใŸ็—›ใฟใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใ€ใใฎๅคœใฎ
63:35
recalled the reaction of his nine year old Matthew that night. So Will Smith nine year
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9ๆญณใฎใƒžใ‚ทใƒฅใƒผใฎๅๅฟœใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใŸ . ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒซใƒปใ‚นใƒŸใ‚นใฎ9ๆญณ
63:42
old Matthew watched the award ceremony and saw his uncle slap someone and the reaction
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ใฎใƒžใ‚ทใƒฅใƒผใฏๆŽˆ่ณžๅผใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ ๅ”็ˆถใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๅนณๆ‰‹ๆ‰“ใกใ—ใŸใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸ
63:54
is when you go and that's the shock that could be the reaction now nephew. This describes
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
64:02
a boy is used for males and it's your siblings child. So your siblings child. Your siblings,
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็”ทใฎๅญใŒ็”ทๆ€งใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ…„ๅผŸใฎ ๅญไพ›ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่กจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ…„ๅผŸใฎๅญไพ›ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ…„ๅผŸใ€
64:20
male child, it has to be for a male. Now notice I have my apostrophe s because the child belongs
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็”ทใฎๅญใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็”ทๆ€งใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃ s ใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅญไพ›ใŒ
64:27
to your sibling and sibling is your brother or sister sibling is gender neutral. It can
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ…„ๅผŸใซๅฑžใ—ใ€ๅ…„ๅผŸใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ…„ๅผŸ ใพใŸใฏๅง‰ๅฆนใฎๅ…„ๅผŸใŒๆ€งๅˆฅใซไธญ็ซ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
64:39
be for brother or sister it does not matter sibling, but nephew is only used for the male
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ๅ…„ๅผŸใงใ‚‚ๅง‰ๅฆนใงใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ ใ€็”ฅใฏๅ…„ๅผŸใฎ็”ทใฎๅญใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใฎใฟไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
64:48
child of your sibling. Now we have a separate word for the female child. Do you know what
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ใ€‚ ไปŠใ€็งใŸใกใฏๅฅณๆ€งใฎๅญไพ›ใฎใŸใ‚ใฎๅˆฅใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ . ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹
64:56
that is? Your siblings. female child this is nice. Nice, nice. Your siblings, female
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๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ…„ๅผŸใ€‚ ๅฅณๅ… ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ„ใ„ใญใ€‚ ใƒŠใ‚คใ‚นใƒŠใ‚คใ‚นใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ…„ๅผŸๅง‰ๅฆนใ€
65:11
child Nice. So you might have a niece and a nephew or just a nephew or just a nice he's
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ๅฅณๅ… ใƒŠใ‚คใ‚นใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซใฏๅงชใจ ็”ฅใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใŸใ ใฎ็”ฅใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใŸใ ใฎ
65:23
the sweetest little boy Smith said. We came home and he had stayed up late to see his
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็ด ๆ•ตใช็”ทใฎๅญใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“. ็งใŸใกใŒ ๅฎถใซๅธฐใฃใŸใจใใ€ๅฝผใฏๅ”็ˆถใฎ้บ่จ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅคœๆ›ดใ‹ใ—ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
65:30
uncle will. And we're sitting in my kitchen and he's on my lap and he's holding the Oscar.
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ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏ็งใฎใ‚ญใƒƒใƒใƒณใซๅบงใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€ ๅฝผใฏ็งใฎ่†ใฎไธŠใซใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚ชใ‚นใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.
65:36
And he's just like, Why did you hit that man? Uncle will Oh, that's really sad. Why did
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผใฏใพใ‚‹ใงใ€ใชใœใ‚ใฎ็”ทใ‚’ๆฎดใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใŠใ˜ใ•ใ‚“ใฏใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆ‚ฒใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใชใœ
65:43
you hit that man? Now hit can be a slap. It's the same thing. So when I slap you, I would
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ใใฎ็”ทใ‚’ๆฎดใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ไปŠใƒ’ใƒƒใƒˆใฏๅนณๆ‰‹ๆ‰“ใกใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅนณๆ‰‹ๆ‰“ใกใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€็งใฏ
65:53
never do that. When I slap someone, I also hit them. It's the same thing. bullet hits
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ๆฑบใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๅนณๆ‰‹ๆ‰“ใกใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€็งใ‚‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆฎดใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใฏๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅผพไธธใฎใƒ’ใƒƒใƒˆใฏ
66:02
is more general. So this is also hit but this is also called a punch. So hit is a category
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ใƒ’ใƒƒใƒˆใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใƒ‘ใƒณใƒใจใ‚‚ๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒ’ใƒƒใƒˆใฏใ‚ซใƒ†ใ‚ดใƒชใงใ‚ใ‚Š
66:13
and then within that category, you have a slab you have a punch and other forms as well.
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ใ€ใใฎใ‚ซใƒ†ใ‚ดใƒชๅ†…ใซใฏ ใ‚นใƒฉใƒ–ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใƒ‘ใƒณใƒใ‚„ใใฎไป–ใฎใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
66:23
So we have I'll just write the ones I shared so we have slab this is when your hand is
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏ็งใŒๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆ›ธใใพใ™ ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ‰‹ใŒ
66:28
open. I don't necessarily like teaching these violent words. Hopefully you don't use them
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้–‹ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆšดๅŠ›็š„ใช่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ . ใ†ใพใใ„ใ‘ใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
66:34
but I guess you'll see them on movies and stuff slab and then punch is when your fist
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ใŒใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚„ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒƒใƒ•ใ‚นใƒฉใƒ–ใงใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™. ใใ—ใฆใ€ใƒ‘ใƒณใƒใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ‹ณใŒ
66:40
is closed punch. It was a mass mass. So to describe something as a mess, this is a negative.
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ใƒ‘ใƒณใƒใ‚’้–‰ใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™. ใƒžใ‚นใƒžใ‚นใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆททไนฑใจ่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅฆๅฎš็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
66:53
It's saying Well imagine your room you might know this from a room in your house your kitchen
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ ๅฎถใฎ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚ญใƒƒใƒใƒณใฏ
67:01
is a mess. There's things everywhere. It's the opposite of clean. So we use this to describe
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ๆ•ฃใ‚‰ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ„ใŸใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใซ็‰ฉใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ„ใฎๅๅฏพใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€
67:09
a situation that is the opposite of an ideal situation. That's how I would describe it.
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็†ๆƒณ็š„ใช็Šถๆณใจใฏๅๅฏพใฎ็Šถๆณใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
67:18
It being the situation. So the situation in this case, the incident at the Oscars when
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ใจใ„ใ†็Šถๆณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฎ็Šถๆณใ€ใ‚ชใ‚นใ‚ซใƒผใงใฎ
67:28
he slapped someone, this situation was a mess. So it's the opposite of ideal opposite of
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ๅฝผใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๅนณๆ‰‹ๆ‰“ใกใ—ใŸไบ‹ไปถใ€ใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใฏใ‚ใกใ‚ƒใใกใ‚ƒใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€็†ๆƒณใฎๅๅฏพใ€
67:38
ideal, which is a good situation right? So I might say the meeting was a mass the meeting
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็†ๆƒณใฎๅๅฏพใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒ่‰ฏใ„็Šถๆณใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ ็งใฏใ€ไผš่ญฐใฏใƒŸใ‚ตใ ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
67:49
was a mass which describes the meeting as negative many negative things happened. But
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
67:58
you would have to ask me what happened because it's not clear. So it's just a general nonspecific
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ไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใฏใฃใใ‚Šใ—ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€็งใซๅฐ‹ใญใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
68:05
term to say that something negative happened but you have to say why what happens and then
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ไฝ•ใ‹ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช้ž็‰นๅฎšใฎ็”จ่ชžใงใ™ ใŒใ€ไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Ž
68:15
and then you could explain the client lost it when we told her were over budget. Remember?
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ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใฎๅพŒใ€ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใŒ ไบˆ็ฎ—ใ‚’่ถ…ใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจไผใˆใŸใจใใซใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅคฑใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใงใใพใ™. ่ฆšใˆใฆ๏ผŸ
68:30
Remember we talked about to lose it the client cannot control her emotions or her actions.
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ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใŒ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚„่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒญใƒผใƒซใงใใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅคฑใ†ใจ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใฎใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
68:37
What do you mean you're over budget This is unacceptable and the client lost it. So the
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ไบˆ็ฎ—ใ‚’ใ‚ชใƒผใƒใƒผใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹? ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅคฑใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใง
68:43
meeting was a mat. You can also use this for a room in your house, the kitchen. My Kitchen
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ๆ‰“ใกๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฏใƒžใƒƒใƒˆใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ”่‡ชๅฎ…ใฎ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ€ใ‚ญใƒƒใƒใƒณใซใ‚‚ใŠไฝฟใ„ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ็งใฎใ‚ญใƒƒใƒใƒณใฏ
68:52
is all matte. Now in this case, it's saying it's dirty or not organized. That would be
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ใ™ในใฆใƒžใƒƒใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ๆฑšใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ๆ•ด็†ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€
69:02
the definition of when you describe a room a room as dirty or not organized. The interview
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้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ‚’ๆฑšใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏๆ•ด็†ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฎๅฎš็พฉใงใ™ใ€‚
69:14
on The Late Night US TV talk show was the first time Smith had been publicly challenged
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The Late Night US TV ใƒˆใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒผใงใฎใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใฏใ€ ใ‚นใƒŸใ‚นใŒๆ”ปๆ’ƒใซใคใ„ใฆๅ…ฌใซ็•ฐ่ญฐใ‚’ๅ”ฑใˆใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใฎใฏๅˆใ‚ใฆใงใ—ใŸ
69:20
about the attack. Smith told Noah he understood the often quoted theory that hurt people hurt
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ใ€‚ ใ‚นใƒŸใ‚นใฏใƒŽใ‚ขใซใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒผ่ณžใงใฎๆšด่กŒใฎ่ƒŒๆ™ฏใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใ†ใจใ€ ไบบใ‚’ๅ‚ทใคใ‘ใ‚‹ไบบใฏไบบใ‚’ๅ‚ทใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ˆใๅผ•็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹็†่ซ–ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่ชžใฃใŸ
69:29
people discussing the background to his Oscars assault. That actor said it was a lot of things.
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ใ€‚ ใใฎไฟณๅ„ชใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็ˆถ่ฆชใŒๆฏ่ฆชใ‚’ๆฎดใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’
69:38
It was the little boy that watched his father beat on his mother You know, all of that just
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่ฆ‹ใŸใฎใฏๅฐใ•ใช็”ทใฎๅญใงใ—ใŸ
69:45
bubbled up in the moment. That's not who I want to be. So to beat someone up. This means
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒใชใ‚ŠใŸใ„ไบบใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๆฎดใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
69:54
to violently attack someone so it has a very negative meaning especially when we're talking
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่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๆฟ€ใ—ใๆ”ปๆ’ƒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ ็‰นใซ็ˆถ่ฆชใŒๆฏ่ฆชใ‚’ๆฟ€ใ—ใๆ”ปๆ’ƒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€้žๅธธใซๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
70:00
about a father violently attacking a mother. Right? So to violently attack. And you can
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ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็Œ›็ƒˆใซๆ”ปใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€
70:11
do that obviously by hitting someone slapping someone punching someone to violently attack.
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่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๆฎดใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๅฉใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ€่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๆฟ€ใ—ใๆ”ปๆ’ƒใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
70:18
Now notice it's a phrasal verb to beat up. So we have this preposition up is formed with
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€beat up ใŒๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉž up ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใƒ“ใƒผใƒˆใงๅฝขๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใ€
70:24
the verb beat would you conjugate and then you add the preposition up. Okay to bubble
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ๅ…ฑๅฝนใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉž up ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆณก็ซ‹ใฆใฆใ‚‚OK
70:31
up. Think back to our when our emotions were bottled up right there inside you're not expressing
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ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธญใซ้–‰ใ˜่พผใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใจใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
70:41
them. Now imagine this is a fizzy drink, like Coca Cola, or sprayed or something like that.
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ณใ‚ซใƒปใ‚ณใƒผใƒฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็‚ญ้…ธ้ฃฒๆ–™ใ‚„ใ‚นใƒ—ใƒฌใƒผใชใฉใฎ้ฃฒใฟ็‰ฉใ ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
70:50
If I shake it, and that's Coke, when I open this what's going to happen? If I shake a
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ใ‚ทใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ‚ณใƒผใƒฉใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ้–‹ใ‘ใŸใ‚‰ ใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸ
70:57
carbonated drink and I open it is going to explode. That is the meaning of bubble up
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็‚ญ้…ธ้ฃฒๆ–™ใ‚’ๆŒฏใฃใฆ้–‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ใจ ็ˆ†็™บใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒใƒใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
71:07
because remember, your emotions are bottled up but then they bubble up. They all come
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่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆ
71:16
to the surface at once. So it's another way of seeing explode. All of that just bubbled
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ไธ€ๅบฆใซ่กจ้ขใซ็พใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็ˆ†็™บใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใใฎใ™ในใฆใŒ
71:27
up so you can say it's loaded. In that moment and notice bubble up is also a phrasal verb
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ๆณก็ซ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ In that moment and notice bubble up ใ‚‚ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
71:37
we have our verb bubble and our preposition up. That's not who I want to be. Well I'm
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ bubble ใจๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉž up ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒใชใ‚ŠใŸใ„ไบบใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
71:43
glad to hear that Will Smith. Smith has opened up before about growing up in an abusive home.
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ใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒซใƒปใ‚นใƒŸใ‚นใจ่žใ„ใฆใ†ใ‚Œใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚นใƒŸใ‚นใฏใ€ ่™ๅพ…็š„ใชๅฎถใง่‚ฒใฃใŸใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆไปฅๅ‰ใซๆ‰“ใกๆ˜Žใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
71:52
So an abusive home. This is a home where you either witnessed violence like he witnessed
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่™ๅพ…็š„ใชๅฎถใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
72:01
his father beat up his mother or he also could have received violence himself. So it's possible
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็ˆถ่ฆชใŒๆฏ่ฆชใ‚’ๆฎดๆ‰“ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’็›ฎๆ’ƒใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใŒ ๆšดๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใŸๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๆšดๅŠ›ใ‚’็›ฎๆ’ƒใ—ใŸๅฎถใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€
72:08
that his father also beat him up. That is what we would describe an abusive home. Now
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็ˆถ่ฆชใ‚‚ๅฝผใ‚’ๆฎดใฃใŸๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€ ่™ๅพ…็š„ใชๅฎถใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠใ€
72:18
grow up. I find a lot of students notice or know how to use this but often I see mistakes
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ๆˆ้•ทใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”ŸใŒใ“ใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใซๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใŸใ‚Š็ŸฅใฃใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ™ใŒใ€
72:24
because they forget that it's a phrasal verb you need the verb grow and the preposition.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ grow ใจๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ†ใŸใ‚ใ€้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ่ฆ‹ใ‹ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
72:31
So when you grow up in a home or you can grow up in a specific city, that means that is
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฎถใง่‚ฒใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ ็‰นๅฎšใฎ้ƒฝๅธ‚ใง่‚ฒใคใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
72:42
where you were raised. That's where you were a child and then you became older and older
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่‚ฒใฃใŸๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™. ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅญไพ›ใ ใฃใŸๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅนดใ‚’้‡ใญใ€
72:49
and older and became an adult. So you might say I live in Florida now, but I grew up in
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ๅนดใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใ€ๅคงไบบใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ็งใฏไปŠใƒ•ใƒญใƒชใƒ€ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€็งใฏใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚นใง่‚ฒใกใพใ—ใŸ
73:05
Texas. So this means I spent most of my time when I was a child and when I was becoming
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ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็งใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ ๅญใฉใ‚‚ใฎ้ ƒใซ้Žใ”ใ—ใ€ๅคงไบบใซใชใฃใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใฏ
73:15
an adult that time when I grew up I spent it in Texas. Now remember our verb is bro
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ใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚นใง้Žใ”ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ bro ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
73:23
so this is in the past simple I grew up in Texas don't forget that preposition up. Now
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚็งใฏใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚นใง่‚ฒใกใพใ—ใŸใ€‚up ใจใ„ใ† ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
73:32
the last thing I will share with you is our phrasal verb open up to open up
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉž open up to open up ใงใ™ใ€‚
73:43
so to open up about something is when you share information about a a negative or simply
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ open up ใจใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไบบ็”ŸใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใพใŸใฏๅ˜ใซๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใชๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
73:58
a personal events in your life so Will Smith is saying he bottled up his emotions he kept
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ใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒซใƒปใ‚นใƒŸใ‚นใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’ๅฐใ˜่พผใ‚ใŸใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏ
74:13
them inside. But then eventually he decided to open up he decided to share that information.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไธญใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใซๅฝผใฏๅฟƒใ‚’ ้–‹ใ„ใฆใใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
74:20
So he maybe he told his close friends. Maybe he told some a therapist even or he told some
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฝผใฏ่ฆชใ—ใ„ๅ‹ไบบใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใŸใถใ‚“ใ€ ๅฝผใฏไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใฎใ‚ปใƒฉใƒ”ใ‚นใƒˆใซ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅญไพ›ใฎ้ ƒใซ
74:29
family members about the abuse that he experienced as a child so he shared that personal information.
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็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใŸ่™ๅพ…ใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใฎๅฎถๆ—ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ€ ใใฎๅ€‹ไบบๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
74:40
So that is another great phrasal verb. So now you have a lot of new vocabulary from
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ ใงใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅคšใใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่ชžๅฝ™ใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ
74:47
this article. I am going to read this article from start to finish so you can focus on the
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’ ๆœ€ๅˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๆœ€ๅพŒใพใง่ชญใ‚“ใงใ€ๅ‰ฒใ‚Š่พผใฟใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซ้›†ไธญใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ™
74:54
pronunciation on interrupted so I'll do that now. Will Smith says bottled rage led him
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒซใƒปใ‚นใƒŸใ‚นใฏใ€ใƒœใƒˆใƒซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฎๆ€’ใ‚ŠใŒใ‚ชใ‚นใ‚ซใƒผใง
75:02
to slap Chris Rock at the Oscars. Will Smith has said his bottle rage led him to slap comedian
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ใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚นใƒปใƒญใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅนณๆ‰‹ๆ‰“ใกใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™. ใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒซใƒปใ‚นใƒŸใ‚นใฏใ€
75:09
Chris Rock on stage at the Oscars in March. The actor has been interviewed for the first
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3ๆœˆใฎใ‚ชใ‚นใ‚ซใƒผๆŽˆ่ณžๅผใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ธใงใ€ใƒœใƒˆใƒซใฎๆ€’ใ‚ŠใŒๅŽŸๅ› ใงใ‚ณใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใƒณใฎใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚นใƒปใƒญใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅนณๆ‰‹ๆ‰“ใกใ—ใŸใจ่ชžใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹. ไฟณๅ„ชใฏใ€
75:16
time since the incident, which he described as a horrific night. appearing on The Daily
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ๅฝผใŒๆใ‚ใ—ใ„ๅคœใจ่กจ็พใ—ใŸไบ‹ไปถไปฅๆฅใ€ๅˆใ‚ใฆใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใพใ—ใŸ . ใƒˆใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒปใƒŽใ‚ขใจไธ€็ท’ใซใƒ‡ใ‚คใƒชใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒผใซๅ‡บๆผ”ใ—ใŸใจใใ€
75:22
Show with Trevor Noah he said I was going through something that night you know not
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ๅฝผใฏใใฎๅคœใ€็งใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
75:29
that that justifies my behavior at all. Smith added that there were many nuances and complexities
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ใ€‚ ใ‚นใƒŸใ‚นใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใซใฏ ๅคšใใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใ‚ขใƒณใ‚นใจ่ค‡้›‘ใ•ใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใจไป˜ใ‘ๅŠ ใˆใพใ—ใŸ
75:36
to it. But on it I just I lost it. Smith storm the stage of the Hollywood award ceremony
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใฎไธŠใง็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅคฑใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
75:44
after ROG made a joke about Smith's wife Jada has shaved her head. She has the hair loss
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ROGใŒใ‚นใƒŸใ‚นใฎๅฆปใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚คใƒ€ใŒ้ ญใ‚’ๅ‰ƒใฃใŸใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆๅ†—่ซ‡ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใŸๅพŒใ€ใ‚นใƒŸใ‚นใฏใƒใƒชใ‚ฆใƒƒใƒ‰ใฎๆŽˆ่ณžๅผใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’่ฅฒใฃใŸ . ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่„ฑๆฏ›
75:51
condition alocasia hurt people hurt people. I understand how shocking that was for people.
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็Šถๆ…‹ใฎใ‚ขใƒญใ‚ซใ‚ทใ‚ขใ‚’ๆ‚ฃใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏไบบใ€…ใ‚’ๅ‚ทใคใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒไบบใ€…ใซใจใฃใฆใฉใ‚Œใปใฉ่กๆ’ƒ็š„ใ ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚’็งใฏ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
75:59
He told Noah I was gone that was a rage that had been bottled for a really long time. He
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ๅฝผใฏใƒŽใ‚ขใซ็งใŒใ„ใชใใชใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้•ทใ„้–“็“ถ่ฉฐใ‚ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸๆ€’ใ‚Šใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏ
76:07
said he also understood the pain he had caused and recalled the reaction of his nine year
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ใพใŸใ€ๅฝผใŒๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ—ใŸ็—›ใฟใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใ€ใใฎๅคœใฎ 9ๆญณใฎ็”ฅใฎๅๅฟœใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใŸ
76:13
old nephew that night. He's the sweetest little boy Smith's son. We came home and he had stayed
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. ๅฝผใฏ ใ‚นใƒŸใ‚นใฎๆฏๅญใฎไธญใงๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„็”ทใฎๅญใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏๅฎถใซๅธฐใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผใฏ
76:20
up late to see his uncle will and we're sitting in the kitchen and he's on my lap and he's
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ๅ”็ˆถใฎ้บ่จ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ้…ใใพใง่ตทใใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ญใƒƒใƒใƒณใซๅบงใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€ ๅฝผใฏ็งใฎ่†ใฎไธŠใซใ„ใฆใ€
76:26
holding the Oscar. And he's just like, Why did you hit that bell and Uncle Well, it was
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ใ‚ชใ‚นใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผใฏใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉใ€ใชใœ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใฎใƒ™ใƒซใ‚’้ณดใ‚‰ใ—ใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
76:32
a mess. The interview on The Late Night US TV talk show was the first time Smith had
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The Late Night US TV ใƒˆใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒผใงใฎใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใฏใ€ ใ‚นใƒŸใ‚นใŒ
76:39
been publicly challenged about the attack. Smith will know if he understood the often
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ๆ”ปๆ’ƒใซใคใ„ใฆๅ…ฌใซ็•ฐ่ญฐใ‚’ๅ”ฑใˆใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใฎใฏๅˆใ‚ใฆใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚นใƒŸใ‚นใฏใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒผ่ณžใงใฎๆšด่กŒใฎ่ƒŒๆ™ฏใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใ†ใจใ€ไบบใ‚’ๅ‚ทใคใ‘ใ‚‹ไบบใฏไบบใ‚’ๅ‚ทใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ˆใๅผ•็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹็†่ซ–ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™
76:45
quoted theory that hurt people hurt people discussing the background to his Oscars assault.
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ใ€‚
76:51
The actor said it was a lot of things. It was the little boy that washed his father
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ไฟณๅ„ชใฏใใ‚ŒใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใ“ใจใ ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็ˆถ่ฆชใ‚’ๆด—ใฃใŸใฎใฏๅฐใ•ใช็”ทใฎๅญใง
76:58
beat up his mother You know, all of that just bubbled up in that moment. That's not who
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ใ€ๆฏ่ฆชใ‚’ ๆฎดใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒใชใ‚ŠใŸใ„ไบบใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
77:03
I want to be. Smith has opened up before about growing up in an abusive home.
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ใ€‚ ใ‚นใƒŸใ‚นใฏใ€ ่™ๅพ…็š„ใชๅฎถใง่‚ฒใฃใŸใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆไปฅๅ‰ใซๆ‰“ใกๆ˜Žใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
77:09
Amazing job with that article! Now feel free to hit pause take a break, go get a cup of
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ใใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใง็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใงใ™๏ผ ไธ€ๆ™‚ ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆไผ‘ๆ†ฉใ—ใ€
77:16
coffee or tea review the vocabulary you just learned. And when you're ready, hit play,
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ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚„ใŠ่Œถใ‚’้ฃฒใฟใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ€ไปŠๅญฆใ‚“ใ ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
77:23
and we'll continue on with the next article.
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ๆฌกใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
77:29
Should cats be allowed on airplanes? So this is an opinion based article. And the topic
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็Œซใฏ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใซไน—ใ›ใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒ™ใƒผใ‚นใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ่ฉฑ้กŒใฏ
77:37
is cats on airplanes. Now let's say you're going to provide an answer to this question
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้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใซไน—ใ‚‹็Œซใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ ใ“ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ๅ›ž็ญ”ใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
77:45
because it's a question right? So if you want to sound more advanced, more professional,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ? ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ๅบฆใงใƒ—ใƒญใƒ•ใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ทใƒงใƒŠใƒซใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€็งใฎๆ„่ฆ‹
77:51
you can add an opinion word you can say in my opinion, and then you can state your opinion,
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ใง่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ๆ„่ฆ‹ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่ฟฐในใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
78:00
cats should or shouldn't be allowed on airplanes. So you can say in my opinion, that's a very
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ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใงใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ
78:09
common one. You can also say from my perspective, now notice it's from, from my perspective,
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€็งใฎ่ฆณ็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€็งใฎ่ฆณ็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
78:21
in my opinion, from my perspective, these are the two most common opinion words that
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็งใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฎ่ฆณ็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช2ใคใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™
78:32
you can use. You can also see simply, I think, I think that has should or shouldn't be allowed
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ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใซใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใง่จฑๅฏใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ ในใใ‹ใ€่จฑๅฏใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ในใใงใฏใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
78:43
on airplanes. Now notice here I included that a lot of students get confused about when
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ ๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”ŸใŒใ„ใค
78:53
you need to use that and when you don't. Generally in written English we include that. I think
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใ„ใคไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆๆททไนฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„. ้€šๅธธใ€ ่‹ฑ่ชžใงๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎใซใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ€
79:02
that cat should generally you can absolutely just say I think cats should now in spoken
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็Œซใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ ๅฃ่ชž่‹ฑ่ชžใง็ŒซใŒใ™ในใใ ใจ็ตถๅฏพใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
79:10
English, we generally do not include it just to make it shorter and we say I think cats
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็งใŸใกใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ๅ˜ใซ็Ÿญใใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅซใ‚ใพใ›ใ‚“
79:17
should. So if you're writing, you can include it's more common, but if you're speaking it's
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ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏๅซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใŒใ€่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
79:26
more common to omit it exclude it. So here are some opinion words you can start adding
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้™คๅค–ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใ€ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใซ ่ฟฝๅŠ ใงใใ‚‹ๆ„่ฆ‹ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™
79:33
to your speech. You can start right now and share your opinion about cats on airplanes
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ใ€‚ ไปŠใ™ใๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใง ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใฎ็Œซใซใคใ„ใฆใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ€
79:39
in the comment of this video and use in my opinion, or from my perspective they will
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็งใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ใพใŸใฏใ€็งใฎ่ฆณ็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
79:46
both help you sound very advanced. All right, let's continue on at the Bogota airport. As
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้žๅธธใซ้ซ˜ๅบฆใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™. ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ ใƒœใ‚ดใ‚ฟ็ฉบๆธฏใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ‚ˆใ†ใ€‚
79:54
passengers were placing their carry ons, laptops and purses in bins inching their way on the
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ไน—ๅฎขใŒๆฉŸๅ†…ๆŒใก่พผใฟๆ‰‹่ท็‰ฉใ€ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—ใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ ่ฒกๅธƒใ‚’ใƒ“ใƒณใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€
80:02
conveyor. Belt or inspection. Okay, let's stop here. carry ons. This is absolutely must
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ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ™ใ‚ขไธŠใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ใšใค้€ฒใ‚“ใงใ„ใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใƒ™ใƒซใƒˆใพใŸใฏๆคœๆŸปใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚ˆใ†ใ€‚ ็ถšใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
80:13
know for travel vocabulary. Most commonly planes but you can also use this on trains
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ๆ—…่กŒ็”จ่ชžใจใ—ใฆ็ตถๅฏพใซ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใฏ ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้›ป่ปŠใ€ใƒใ‚นใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใƒœใƒผใƒˆใงใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™
80:21
buses, most likely boats as well. Now a carry on is simply a bag that you carry on to the
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ใ€‚ ็พๅœจใ€ๆฉŸๅ†… ๆŒใก่พผใฟๆ‰‹่ท็‰ฉใฏใ€็ฉบๆธฏใ‹ใ‚‰้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใซๆŒใก่พผใ‚€ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใงใ™
80:32
airport onto the airplane. Excuse me, not airport air plane. Now a suitcase is generally
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ใ€‚ ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ ็ฉบๆธฏใฎ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็พๅœจใ€ใ‚นใƒผใƒ„ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใฏ้€šๅธธใ‚ˆใ‚Š
80:44
larger and you would check that so when you get to the airport, you check your suitcase
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ๅคงใใใ€ ็ฉบๆธฏใซ็€ใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ‚นใƒผใƒ„ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
80:51
and it goes under the plane. But then you take your smaller suitcases, your smaller
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้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใฎไธ‹ใซ็ฝฎใ‹ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ๅฐใ•ใชใ‚นใƒผใƒ„ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใ‚„ๅฐใ•ใช
80:58
bags on to the airplane with you, you carry it on to the plane. So here on Google images,
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ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใ‚’้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใซๆŒใก่พผใฟใ€ ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใซๆŒใก่พผใฟใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใฎGoogleใฎ็”ปๅƒใงใ€ๆฉŸๅ†…
81:09
you can see the carry on bags. Now this right here that this man is opening. This is called
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ๆŒใก่พผใฟๆ‰‹่ท็‰ฉใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠใ€ ใ“ใฎ็”ทใŒ้–‹ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ“ใ“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
81:18
the overhead bin the overhead bin and your bag must fit in the overhead bin or go under
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ใ‚ชใƒผใƒใƒผใƒ˜ใƒƒใƒ‰ ใƒ“ใƒณ ใ‚ชใƒผใƒใƒผใƒ˜ใƒƒใƒ‰ ใƒ“ใƒณใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ€ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒชใƒผ ใ‚ชใƒณ ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใฏใ€ ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใŒ้ ญไธŠใฎใƒ“ใƒณใซๅŽใพใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ๅบงๅธญใฎไธ‹ใซๅŽใพใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
81:29
your seat in order for it to be a carry on bag. So let me just write that here. So overhead
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ใ€‚ ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚ใ“ใ“ใ ใ‘ๆ›ธใ‹ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ชใƒผใƒใƒผใƒ˜ใƒƒใƒ‰
81:39
bin so your carry on. bag or suitcase must fit in the overhead bin or under your seat
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ใƒ“ใƒณใชใฎใงใ€ๆฉŸๅ†…ๆŒใก่พผใฟใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใพใŸใฏใ‚นใƒผใƒ„ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใฏใ€ ้ ญไธŠใฎ่ท็‰ฉๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใพใŸใฏๅบงๅธญใฎไธ‹ใซๅŽใพใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
81:56
and then we have larger suitcases. Larger suitcases are called checked. bags or luggage
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคงใใช ใ‚นใƒผใƒ„ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใฏใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใ‚„่ท็‰ฉใฏ
82:11
and they go under the plane so they do not go on the plane with you they go under the
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้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใฎไธ‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใจไธ€็ท’ใซ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใซไน—ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใฎไธ‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใพใ™
82:17
plane. All right. Now let's move on. And look at this inching their way so an inch is a
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏๆฌกใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚คใƒณใƒใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚1 ใ‚คใƒณใƒใฏ
82:29
very small amount. So if I say I'm inching my way, it means I'm making slow progress.
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้žๅธธใซๅฐใ•ใ„้‡ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŒ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ้“ใ‚’ๆญฉใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎ้€ฒๆญฉใŒ้…ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
82:41
So if you said I'm inching my way towards the exit, it means the mind is going very
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŒๅ‡บๅฃใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆๅฐ‘ใ—ใšใค้€ฒใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฟƒใŒ้žๅธธใซใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Šใจ้€ฒใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
82:50
slowly. So you could use that when you're at a grocery store or when you're going through
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. ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ ้ฃŸๆ–™ๅ“ๅบ—ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ‚„ใ€
82:58
security at the airport. So you might say I inched my way through security and it took
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็ฉบๆธฏใงใ‚ปใ‚ญใƒฅใƒชใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚’้€š้Žใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ปใ‚ญใƒฅใƒชใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ใšใค้€šใ‚ŠๆŠœใ‘ใฆใ€
83:09
me almost one hour so if you use inch my way the person understands you're making progress
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ใปใผ 1 ๆ™‚้–“ใ‹ใ‹ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฎใ‚„ใ‚Šๆ–นใงๅฐ‘ใ—ใšใค้€ฒใ‚€ใจใ€ ใใฎไบบใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Šใจ้€ฒใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจ็†่งฃใ—ใพใ™
83:18
slowly. All right, one item stood out stood out. This is a great phrasal verb to stand
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€็›ฎ็ซ‹ใฃใŸไธ€ๅ“ใŒ็›ฎ็ซ‹ใฃ ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็›ฎ็ซ‹ใค็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™
83:29
out. And this means to be noticeable to to stand out to be noticeable. So it's something
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็›ฎ็ซ‹ใคใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
83:44
that you notice more than other things. So let's say I have these two black pens, and
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ไป–ใฎใ“ใจใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆฐ—ใฅใใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ ็งใŒใ“ใฎ 2 ๆœฌใฎ้ป’ใฎใƒšใƒณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
83:57
maybe I'll take this one this purple one because it's darker, right? And then I can take this
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ใ“ใฎ็ดซใฎใƒšใƒณใฎๆ–นใŒๆš—ใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใฎ 1 ๆœฌใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใญใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
84:06
one. Well, if I get one, this is a better example if I have these three pens which one
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ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจใ€ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒ1ใคๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ็งใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ3ใคใฎใƒšใƒณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฎใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ
84:16
in your opinion, from your perspective, which one stands out, stands out which one is more
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ๆ„่ฆ‹ใงใฏใ€ ใฉใฎใƒšใƒณใŒ็›ฎ็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ‹
84:24
noticeable? Well, the yellow one stands out, obviously because it's a bright color. So
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? ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€้ป„่‰ฒใŒ็›ฎ็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใญใ€ ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„่‰ฒใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰
84:33
this item, this item in the all the suitcases there's one item was more noticeable because
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ†ใƒ ใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ†ใƒ ใฏใ€ใ‚นใƒผใƒ„ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใฎไธญใซ็ŒซใŒใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€1ใคใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ†ใƒ ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚นใƒผใƒ„ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใฎไธญใง ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็›ฎ็ซ‹ใกใพใ—ใŸ
84:42
there was a cat in the suitcase. That's why it stood out. One item stood out was more
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. ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใ ็›ฎ็ซ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ็›ฎ็ซ‹ใฃใŸ1ใคใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ†ใƒ ใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Š็›ฎ็ซ‹ใกใพใ—ใŸ
84:51
noticeable. It was a cat and its owner was putting it into a cabin ready case. So a cabin
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ็Œซใงใ€ใใฎๆ‰€ๆœ‰่€…ใฏ ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒ“ใƒณใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒๆ•ดใฃใŸใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒ“ใƒณใฏ
85:04
is what I showed you in the picture. That's where all the passengers go when they're on
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ๅ†™็œŸใงใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใซ ไน—ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎไน—ๅฎขใŒใ“ใ“ใซ่กŒใใพใ™
85:11
a plane. They just call that the cabin. So that cat is going on the plane. Okay, let
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ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒ“ใƒณใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎ็Œซใฏ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใซไน—ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€
85:20
me just write out that example sentence with the yellow pen for you. The yellow pen stood
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ใใฎไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’้ป„่‰ฒใฎใƒšใƒณใงๆ›ธใ„ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ้ป„่‰ฒใ„ใƒšใƒณใŒ
85:28
out. So remember this is a phrasal verb you need your verb stand, which you conjugate
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็›ฎ็ซ‹ใกใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒณใƒ‰ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
85:37
in this case is conjugated in the past simple and then you need your preposition out the
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ฒใƒผใƒˆใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ˜็ด”ใชใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ฒใƒผใƒˆใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€้ป„่‰ฒใฎใƒšใƒณใŒ้š›็ซ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™
85:44
yellow pen stood out. For most travelers, this would hardly be noticeable. Yet for me,
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ใ€‚ ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๆ—…่กŒ่€…ใซใจใฃใฆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉ็›ฎ็ซ‹ใŸใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ใ€็งใซใฏ
85:55
alarm bells rang. Okay, let's take a look here hardly. This is an adverb hardly be noticeable
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่ญฆๅ ฑใƒ™ใƒซใŒ้ณดใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใ“ใ“ใฏใ˜ใฃใใ‚Š่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใ‚ˆใ† ใ€‚ ใปใจใ‚“ใฉไฝฟใ‚ใชใ„ใจใใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉ็›ฎ็ซ‹ใŸใชใ„ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใงใ€
86:05
when you use hardly it means a small amount. So for most people, they wouldn't notice the
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ๅฐ‘้‡ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎไบบใฏ็Œซใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใ‹ใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
86:15
cats. It's a small amount that they would notice. So not very much a small amount there
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ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๆฐ—ไป˜ใใฎใฏๅฐ‘้‡ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใพใฃใŸใ
86:23
is another word that means the exact same thing another adverb you can also say hardly
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ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใปใจใ‚“ใฉ
86:30
or barely, hardly. Barely.
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ใ€ใพใŸใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใจใ‚‚่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‹ใ‚ใ†ใ˜ใฆใ€‚
86:34
They mean the same thing in this specific context. A small amount this would barely
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใ“ใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใงใฏๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๅฐ‘้‡ใชใ‚‰ใปใจใ‚“ใฉ
86:42
be noticeable. This would barely hardly be noticeable. And remember instead of be noticeable,
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็›ฎ็ซ‹ใกใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉ็›ฎ็ซ‹ใŸใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็›ฎ็ซ‹ใคใฎใงใฏใชใใ€็›ฎ็ซ‹ใคใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
86:49
you can say stand out. This would hardly stand out. This would barely stand out. Yet for
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉ็›ฎ็ซ‹ใกใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉ็›ฎ็ซ‹ใŸใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ใ€
86:57
me alarm bells rang. So just like your phone rings, right? That's the verb we use to rain
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็งใซใฏ่ญฆ้˜ใŒ้ณดใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ้›ป่ฉฑใŒ ้ณดใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใญ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
87:07
when you get a phone call. Well, that's the verb we use with alarms. That's ring the alarm
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้›ป่ฉฑใŒใ‹ใ‹ใฃใฆใใŸใจใใซ้›จใ‚’้™ใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ขใƒฉใƒผใƒ ใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ That's ring the alarm
87:16
rings and rang is just in the past simple alarm bells rang. I am severely allergic to
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Rings and rang ใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปใซๅ˜็ด”ใช ใ‚ขใƒฉใƒผใƒ  ใƒ™ใƒซใŒ้ณดใฃใŸใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ
87:26
cats vulnerable to allergic asthma. And a cat was going to be sharing my cabin during
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ใ‚ขใƒฌใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผๆ€งๅ–˜ๆฏใซใชใ‚Šใ‚„ใ™ใ„็Œซใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ้‡ๅบฆใฎใ‚ขใƒฌใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚จใ‚ขใƒปใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใฎ 6 ๆ™‚้–“ใฎใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚คใƒˆ ใฎ้–“ใ€็ŒซใŒ็งใฎใ‚ญใƒฃใƒ“ใƒณใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
87:34
the six hour Air Canada flight. Now remember, cabin is just used to describe the interior
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ใ€‚ ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒ“ใƒณใฏ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใฎๅ†…้ƒจใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
87:45
of the plane. That's it. So the interior of the plane they call it a cabin I don't know
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. ใใ‚ŒใงใŠใ—ใพใ„ใ€‚ ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใฎๅ†…้ƒจใ‚’ ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒ“ใƒณใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใฎ็†็”ฑใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
87:52
why. Interior of the plane so it's where you sit where your bags are where the pilot is
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ใ€‚ ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใฎๅ†…้ƒจใชใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ๅบงใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™ใ€‚ใƒ‘ใ‚คใƒญใƒƒใƒˆใฏ
88:01
everything on the inside of the plane All right, what else Oh severely. So severely
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้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใฎๅ†…้ƒจใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆทฑๅˆป
88:14
This is an adverb and it seemed to have a large degree. So remember, hardly was small
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใงใ€ๆฌกๆ•ฐใŒๅคงใใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉๅฐใ•ใใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ
88:22
but then severely is to a large degree. So in in certain contexts you could think of
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใงใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅๅฏพใฎใ‚‚ใฎใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
88:29
them as opposite. So this is to a large degree to a large degree All right, let's move on
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ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šใฎ็จ‹ๅบฆใงใ™ ใ‚ˆใ— ใ€ใ“ใ“ใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
88:44
here. Why are cats allowed? Yes, dogs are also permitted in the cabin. Yet, twice as
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ใ€‚ ใชใœ็Œซใฏ่จฑๅฏใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใฏใ„ใ€็Šฌใ‚‚ ๆฉŸๅ†…ใซๅŒไผดใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ใ€
88:56
many people are allergic to cats as two dogs. According to the American College of Allergy,
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2 ๅŒนใฎ็Šฌใฎ 2 ๅ€ใฎไบบใŒ็Œซใซใ‚ขใƒฌใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ขใƒฌใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใ€ๅ–˜ๆฏใŠใ‚ˆใณๅ…็–ซๅญฆใฎใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฎๅคงๅญฆใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจ
89:03
Asthma and Immunology. Let's take a look at yet because I noticed they also used it here
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. ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ใพใ ็งใฎใŸใ‚ใซใพใ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใŸใฎใง
89:12
yet for me so yet, yet. Yeah, it is one of those words in English that has many different
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ใ€ใพใ ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใ€
89:20
meanings depending on the context. And that's why it's so useful to study from articles
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ๆ–‡่„ˆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใค่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎ 1 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎ ใŸใ‚ใ€่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใฏ้žๅธธใซๆœ‰็›Šใงใ™ใ€‚ใใฎ
89:28
because you see the context that the word is being used in this specific context yet
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ๅ˜่ชžใŒ ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€
89:35
is being used as a conjunction. is a conjunction. And it has the same meaning as VOD, or however,
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ๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡่„ˆใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ VOD ใจๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใŒใ€
89:48
so it's used to show a contrast. So here let's look at our first example. Most travelers
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ๅฏพๆฏ”ใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๆ—…่กŒ่€…ใฏ
89:59
wouldn't notice a cat. I would notice a cat. Do you see the contrast? Most travelers would
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็Œซใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใ‹ใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็งใฏ็Œซใซๆฐ—ใฅใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒฉใ‚นใƒˆใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๆ—…่กŒ่€…ใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›
90:11
not? I would. So we have a yes and a no there's a contrast. We use a yet to help us transition
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ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ ็งใฏ...ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚คใ‚จใ‚นใจใƒŽใƒผใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฏพ็…ง็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒฉใ‚นใƒˆ ใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๅˆฅใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒฉใ‚นใƒˆ ใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใธใฎ็งป่กŒใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆดใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใพใ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
90:22
from the one contrast point to the other contrast point. So you can equally say but for me however
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ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
90:33
for me yet for me, in this specific context, and it's the same thing here. So cats are
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ใ“ใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงใฏใ€ใ—ใ‹ใ—็งใซใจใฃใฆใฏใ—ใ‹ใ—็งใซใจใฃใฆใฏใพใ ็งใซใจใฃใฆใฏๅŒใ˜ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็Œซใ‚‚
90:46
allowed, dogs are allowed, but twice as many people are allergic yet. So we're setting
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็Šฌใ‚‚่จฑๅฏใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ‚ขใƒฌใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใฎไบบใฏใพใ 2ๅ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใ€
90:55
up another contrast and we're using yet as a conjunction. Now just as a reminder, all
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ๅˆฅใฎๅฏพๆฏ”ใ‚’่จญๅฎšใ—ใ€ๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใพใ ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๅฟตใฎใŸใ‚ใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใŠใใพใ™ใŒใ€
91:03
of these notes are available as a PDF download. So you can look in the description of this
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒกใƒขใฏใ™ในใฆ PDF ใงใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ‚’ๅ‚็…งใ—ใฆใ€
91:10
video to get this download. Let's continue on yet twice as many people are allergic to
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ใ“ใฎใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚็Œซใ‚ขใƒฌใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใฎไบบใฏใ€
91:18
cats as two dogs. Here they chose to use as two dogs. Honestly, I would say them so we
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็Šฌ 2 ๅŒนใฎ 2 ๅ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€2 ๅŒนใฎ็Šฌใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ๆญฃ็›ดใชใจใ“ใ‚ใ€็Œซ
91:27
have twice as many people are allergic to cats, then dogs. That's what I would say.
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ใ‚ขใƒฌใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใฎไบบใŒ็Šฌใฎ2ๅ€ใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŒ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
91:35
Then dogs and you're probably more familiar with that wording. So for example, more people
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ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰็Šฌใจใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใ ใใฎ่จ€่‘‰้ฃใ„ใซใ‚‚ใฃใจ็ฒพ้€šใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™. ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
91:45
buy dogs than cats more people. Why then travel by bus, for example. So just showing you that
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็Šฌใ‚’่ฒทใ†ไบบใฏ็Œซใ‚’่ฒทใ†ไบบใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅคšใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใชใœใƒใ‚นใงๆ—…่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
92:01
that contrast that comparison with them. Alright, let's continue on. Dangers of exposure. So
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใจใฎๆฏ”่ผƒใจใฏๅฏพ็…ง็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ ็ถšใ‘ใ‚ˆใ†ใ€‚ ๆšด้œฒใฎๅฑ้™บใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€
92:11
what is a cat allergic passenger to do? So this person is allergic to cats. They get
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็Œซใ‚ขใƒฌใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใฎไน—ๅฎขใฏใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใ“ใฎไบบใฏ็Œซใ‚ขใƒฌใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅๅฟœใ—ใพใ™
92:19
a reaction but someone is taking a cat on the plane and they might be quite close to
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ใŒใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใซ็Œซใ‚’้€ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆ ใ€ใŠไบ’ใ„ใซใ‹ใชใ‚ŠๆŽฅ่ฟ‘ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
92:28
each other. So they're asking for advice. What is that person to do? And this is the
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. ใใ“ใงๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎไบบใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็—‡็Šถใ‚’
92:35
advice take medications that help prevent symptoms. advises Randall, so notice here
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ไบˆ้˜ฒใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใค่–ฌใ‚’ๆœ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใงใ™ . ใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ใƒผใƒซใซใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใงๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
92:42
advise. This is being used as our verb or verb and the noun form of advise. We can use
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€็งใŸใกใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใพใŸใฏ ๅ‹•่ฉžใŠใ‚ˆใณใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใฎๅ่ฉžๅฝขใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
92:56
advice which is the now what advice do what advice do you have for me? Because this person
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ไปŠใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹? ็งใซใฉใ‚“ใชใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹? ใ“ใฎไบบใฏ
93:09
is asking for advice. What advice do you have for me? And I can say I advise you to take
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ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ ๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆใ€
93:22
medication advisor advice so notice the pronunciation difference. Advice, advise, advice, advice.
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็™บ้Ÿณใฎ ้•ใ„ใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„. ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ€ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ€ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ€ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ€‚
93:32
This is our noun and this is our verbs spelling difference and pronunciation difference as
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกใฎๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใ‚นใƒšใƒซใฎ ้•ใ„ใจ็™บ้Ÿณใฎ้•ใ„ใง
93:41
well. This includes a non drowsy and to histamine taken an hour before the plant and two parts
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ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™. ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏใ€ ๆค็‰ฉใฎ1ๆ™‚้–“ๅ‰ใซๆœ็”จใ—ใŸ็œ ๆฐ—ใฎใชใ„ใƒ’ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒŸใƒณใจใ€
93:51
of a rescue inhaler. 15 minutes before ordering. So drowsy, drowsy is when you feel sleepy
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ใƒฌใ‚นใ‚ญใƒฅใƒผๅธๅ…ฅๅ™จใฎ2ใคใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใพใ™. ๆณจๆ–‡15ๅˆ†ๅ‰ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚็œ ใ„ใ€็œ ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ€
94:01
or tired views feel sleepy or tired. Sleepy, tired, but when you say non drowsy it makes
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็œ ใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏ็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™ใ€‚ ็œ ใ„ใ€ ็–ฒใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใ—ใ‹ใ—็œ ใใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
94:11
it negative because a lot of medication makes you feel sleepy or tired. It makes you drowsy.
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’็œ ใใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
94:20
So a lot of medication will say on their label. Do not drive after taking medication because
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅคšใใฎ่–ฌใŒใƒฉใƒ™ใƒซใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่–ฌใ‚’ๆœ็”จใ—ใŸๅพŒใฎ้‹่ปขใฏใ€
94:33
it may make you drowsy, which means sleepy. But generally drowsy is the vocabulary choice
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็œ ๆฐ—ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š็œ ใใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใฎใงใ€้‹่ปขใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใ€
94:44
when we're talking specifically about medication. Now, if I had a long day at work, or if I
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็‰นใซ่–ฌใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€็œ ใ„ใจใ„ใ†่ชžๅฝ™ใŒ้ธๆŠžใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใง้•ทใ„ไธ€ๆ—ฅใ‚’้Žใ”ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€
94:55
didn't sleep very well, I wouldn't say I feel drowsy because drowsy implies the result of
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ใ‚ˆใ็œ ใ‚Œใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€็œ ๆฐ—ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ ็œ ๆฐ—ใฏใ‚ใ‚‹็จฎใฎ่–ฌใฎ็ตๆžœใ‚’ๆš—็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
95:04
some sort of medication because we use it with medication. So if you're just talking
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ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
95:11
about working hard or not sleeping well. You will use tired or sleeping I feel tired. I
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ไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝๅƒใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ˆใ็œ ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใชใ‚‰. ็–ฒใ‚ŒใŸๆ™‚ใ‚„ๅฏใฆ็–ฒใ‚ŒใŸๆ™‚ใชใฉใซใ”ๅˆฉ็”จใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
95:25
feel sleepy. I am or I feel either one of those is fine. I am I feel tired or sleepy.
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ใญใ‚€ใ„ใ€‚ ็งใฏใใ†ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ็งใฏ็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹็œ ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
95:35
But if you're talking specifically about medication, then you can use drowsy. Alright, so that's
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็‰นใซ่–ฌใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ drowsy ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ
95:44
the advice, which is a now let's continue on. A mask used to protect against COVID-19
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ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ‚ˆใ† ใ€‚ COVID-19ใ‹ใ‚‰ไฟ่ญทใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฏใฏใ€
95:54
could help prevent the dander from getting into your airways dander that is something
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96:04
from the cat Burr. So little particles from the cat's fur is called dander and that's
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็Œซใฎใƒใƒชใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใƒ•ใ‚ฑใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒ•ใ‚ฑใŒๆฐ—้“ใซๅ…ฅใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’้˜ฒใใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™. ็Œซใฎๆฏ›็šฎใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎ้žๅธธใซๅฐใ•ใช็ฒ’ๅญใฏ ใƒ•ใ‚ฑใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ
96:15
generally why people are allergic to cats. It's the dander
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซไบบใ€…ใŒ็Œซใซใ‚ขใƒฌใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใ‚’่ตทใ“ใ™็†็”ฑใงใ™. ใใ‚Œใฏ
96:20
on there for airways is of course just how you get air into your body is through your
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ๆฐ—้“ใฎใŸใ‚ใซใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใตใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ ไฝ“ใซ็ฉบๆฐ—ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š่พผใ‚€ๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€ๆฐ—้“ใ‚’้€šใ—ใฆใงใ™
96:31
air ways. So your nose is one of your airways and your mouth Your throat is another one
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. ใคใพใ‚Šใ€้ผปใฏๆฐ—้“ใฎ 1 ใค ใ€ๅฃใฏๆฐ—้“ใฎ 1 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚ๅ–‰ใฏๆฐ—้“ใฎใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใงใ™
96:40
of your airway. So how you get air into your body. Now notice how they're using could as
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ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆไฝ“ใซ็ฉบๆฐ—ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€could ใŒๅฏ่ƒฝ
96:51
our modal verb because could is used to show possibility or potential possibility or potential.
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ๆ€งใพใŸใฏๆฝœๅœจ็š„ใชๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใพใŸใฏๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€modal verb ใจใ—ใฆ could ใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
97:03
So it's not saying that it will help you will is a more of an absolute this will work. It
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ„ๅฟ—ใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ†ใพใใ„ใใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็ตถๅฏพ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™.
97:15
sounds 100% Certain this could work. It's just a possibility. It's also possible that
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100%็ขบใ‹ใซใ“ใ‚Œใงใ†ใพใใ„ใใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ ๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ใ†ใพใ
97:26
it won't work. So could is used to show possibility. So this medicine could make you drowsy hood
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ใ„ใ‹ใชใ„ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ so could ใฏๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ่–ฌใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ็œ ๆฐ—ใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ™ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ๆฝœๅœจ็š„ใช
97:42
there's a possibility the potential and that's a modal verb. And remember we always have
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ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™. ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏๅธธใซๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
97:50
grammatically, we always have a modal clause, base verb, so you don't change your verb that
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.็งใŸใกใฏๅธธใซใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซๅฅใ€ ๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๆฌกใซๆฅใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„
97:59
comes next. It's always the base verb and could doesn't change either this medicine
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. ใใ‚ŒใฏๅธธใซๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ“ใฎ่–ฌใŒ
98:06
could make you drowsy. Let's continue on. Is anything being done? Is there any progress
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’็œ ใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“. ็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
98:15
in at least making the public and the airline industry aware of the cat allergy problem?
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ๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌๅธ‚ๆฐ‘ใจ่ˆช็ฉบ ๆฅญ็•Œใซ็Œซใ‚ขใƒฌใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใฎๅ•้กŒใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ้€ฒๅฑ•ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
98:22
We have been trying to raise awareness a cat allergy and cabin since 1985 notes Tanya Winders,
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็งใŸใกใฏ 1985 ๅนดไปฅๆฅใ€็Œซใ‚ขใƒฌใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใจใ‚ญใƒฃใƒ“ใƒณใฎๆ„่ญ˜ใ‚’้ซ˜ใ‚ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸ.Tanya Winders ใฏใ€
98:31
president of the Virginia based global allergy airways patient platform, an 82 member network
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ใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒ‹ใ‚ขใซๆœฌๆ‹ ใ‚’็ฝฎใไธ–็•Œ็š„ใชใ‚ขใƒฌใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผ ๆฐ—้“ๆ‚ฃ่€…ใƒ—ใƒฉใƒƒใƒˆใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใฎไปฃ่กจใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
98:39
of patient based groups including the Asthma and Allergy network. Winders points to the
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ๅ–˜ๆฏใจใ‚ขใƒฌใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใฎใƒใƒƒใƒˆใƒฏใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ๆ‚ฃ่€…ใƒ™ใƒผใ‚นใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฎ 82 ใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใฎใƒใƒƒใƒˆใƒฏใƒผใ‚ฏใงใ™ . Winders ใฏใ€้‡ๅบฆใฎใ‚ขใƒฌใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใ‚’ๅซใ‚€้šœๅฎณใ‚’ๆŒใคไบบใ€…ใ‚’ไฟ่ญทใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹
98:46
Federal Aviation administration's Air Carrier Access Act, which is supposed to protect people
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้€ฃ้‚ฆ่ˆช็ฉบๅฑ€ใฎ Air Carrier Access Act ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
98:53
with disabilities, including severe allergies, but the only protection the website offers
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ใŒใ€ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใŒๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎไฟ่ญทใฏ
99:00
is advice. Choose an airline that does not allow can't in cabins. Call ahead and check
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ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใงใ™. ๆฉŸๅ†…ๆŒใก่พผใฟ็ฆๆญขใฎ่ˆช็ฉบไผš็คพใ‚’้ธใถ ใ€‚ ไบ‹ๅ‰ใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ€ๅŒปๅธซใซ็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
99:08
with your doctor. Alright, so here this is the advice we have our noun here and you can
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ ็งใŸใกใฎๅ่ฉžใŒใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
99:16
see those three points. That's what she advisors using our verb. That's what she advises you
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ3ใคใฎใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹. ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฝผๅฅณใŒ ็งใŸใกใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆๅŠฉ่จ€ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฝผๅฅณใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
99:25
do. Now let's go back here. There were a lot of very long names. Those are just the names
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ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚้•ทใ„ๅๅ‰ใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€
99:33
of these specific groups or this specific act. You can just ignore those pretty much.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใพใŸใฏใ“ใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎ ่กŒ็‚บใฎๅๅ‰ใซใ™ใŽใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉ็„ก่ฆ–ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
99:42
What can I show you here? We have raise awareness raise is the verb you would use you can also
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ใ“ใ“ใงไฝ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ›ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹? ๆ„่ญ˜ใ‚’ ้ซ˜ใ‚ใ‚‹ ใƒฌใ‚คใ‚บใฏไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
99:53
use increase awareness, increased awareness but raise is a very common verb with the word
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ๆ„่ญ˜ใ‚’้ซ˜ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ๆ„่ญ˜ใ‚’้ซ˜ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ ใŒใ€ๆ„่ญ˜ใ‚’้ซ˜ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹
100:01
awareness so you can add that to your vocabulary. Now notice we have since 1985. And when I
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ใŸใ‚ใ€่ชžๅฝ™ใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€1985 ๅนดไปฅๆฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใใ—ใฆใ€
100:11
see the word sense, I can look back and I already know that my sentence is going to
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sense ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆŒฏใ‚Š่ฟ”ใฃใฆใฟใ‚‹ใจใ€ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ–‡ใŒ
100:16
be in the present perfect. Now What verb tense do we have here? We have been trying. We've
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ™ใงใซใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใฉใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹? ็งใŸใกใฏๅŠชๅŠ›ใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
100:24
been trying we've been trying this is the present perfect, continuous present perfect
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝข็พๅœจ ๅฎŒไบ†
100:32
continuous and it shows an action that started in the past and continues until now. So when
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้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใงใ€ ้ŽๅŽปใซๅง‹ใพใ‚Š็พๅœจใพใง็ถšใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ‹•ไฝœใ‚’่กจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€
100:44
did this action start? Well, it started in 1985. So that was the start point 1985. And
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ใ“ใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใฏใ„ใคใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใพใฃใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ใใ‚ŒใŒ 1985 ๅนดใซๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒ 1985 ๅนดใฎๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
100:54
then it's continued all the way until now and it will continue until some unknown time
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏไปŠใพใงใšใฃใจ็ถšใใ€ๅฐ†ๆฅใฎ ๆœช็Ÿฅใฎๆ™‚ใพใง็ถšใใพใ™
101:01
in the future. So not too much. On this last page because it was mainly those long groups,
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ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅคšใ™ใŽใชใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ ใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใฏใ€ไธปใซ้•ทใ„ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ€
101:09
those long organizations. So what I'll do now is I will read the article from start
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้•ทใ„็ต„็น”ใ ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’ๆœ€ๅˆใ‹ใ‚‰
101:17
to finish so you can focus on my pronunciation and you can imitate my pronunciation as well.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใพใง่ชญใ‚“ใงใ€็งใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซ้›†ไธญใ— ใ€็งใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚‚็œŸไผผใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™.
101:24
And remember, you can also look in the description of this video to get the link that summarizes
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ใพใŸใ€ ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ‚’ๅ‚็…งใ—ใฆใ€
101:33
all the notes I made. So now I'll read the article from start to finish. Should cats
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็งใŒไฝœๆˆใ—ใŸใ™ในใฆใฎใƒกใƒขใ‚’่ฆ็ด„ใ—ใŸใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™. ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’ๆœ€ๅˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๆœ€ๅพŒใพใง่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
101:39
be allowed on airplanes at the Bogota airport. As passengers were placing their carry ons,
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ใƒœใ‚ดใ‚ฟ็ฉบๆธฏใฎ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใง็Œซใ‚’่จฑๅฏใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹. ไน—ๅฎขใŒๆฉŸๅ†…ๆŒใก่พผใฟๆ‰‹่ท็‰ฉใ€
101:46
laptops and purses in bins inching their way on the conveyor belt for inspection. One items
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ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—ใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใ€่ฒกๅธƒใ‚’ใƒ“ใƒณใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ€ ๆคœๆŸปใฎใŸใ‚ใซใƒ™ใƒซใƒˆใ‚ณใƒณใƒ™ใ‚ขใซๅฐ‘ใ—ใšใค้€ฒใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ 1ใคใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ†ใƒ ใŒ
101:53
stood up. It was a cat and its owner was putting it into a cabin ready case. For most travelers.
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็ซ‹ใกไธŠใŒใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ็Œซใงใ€ใใฎๆ‰€ๆœ‰่€…ใฏ ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒ“ใƒณใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒๆ•ดใฃใŸใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๆ—…่กŒ่€…ๅ‘ใ‘ใ€‚
102:01
This would hardly be noticeable. Yet for me, alarm bells rang. I am severely allergic to
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉ็›ฎ็ซ‹ใŸใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ใ€็งใซใฏ ่ญฆๅ ฑใƒ™ใƒซใŒ้ณดใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็งใฏ
102:09
cats vulnerable to allergic asthma and account was going to be sharing my cabin during the
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ใ‚ขใƒฌใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผๆ€งๅ–˜ๆฏใซใชใ‚Šใ‚„ใ™ใ„็Œซใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ้‡ๅบฆใฎใ‚ขใƒฌใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ซใ‚ฆใƒณใƒˆใฏ 6 ๆ™‚้–“ใฎใ‚จใ‚ข ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใฎใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚คใƒˆ ใงใ‚ญใƒฃใƒ“ใƒณใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ไบˆๅฎšใงใ—ใŸ
102:16
six hour Air Canada flight. Why are canceled out? Yes, dogs are also permitted in the cabin.
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ใ€‚ ใชใœใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใ‚ปใƒซ ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใฏใ„ใ€็Šฌใ‚‚ๆฉŸๅ†…ใซๅŒไผดใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
102:24
Yet twice as many people are allergic to cats as two dogs, according to the American College
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็ฑณๅ›ฝใ‚ขใƒฌใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผๅ–˜ๆฏใƒปๅ…็–ซๅญฆไผšใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจใ€็Œซใ‚ขใƒฌใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใฎไบบใฏ็Šฌ2ๅŒนใฎ2ๅ€ใงใ‚ใ‚Š
102:32
of Allergy Asthma and Immunology, dangers of exposure. So what is a cat allergic passenger
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ใ€ ๆ›้œฒใฎๅฑ้™บๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€็Œซใ‚ขใƒฌใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใฎไน—ๅฎขใฏใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹
102:40
to do? Take medications that help prevent symptoms, advises Randolph This includes a
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? ใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ใƒซใƒ•ๆฐใฏใ€็—‡็Šถใ‚’ไบˆ้˜ฒใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใค่–ฌใ‚’ๆœ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅ‹งใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™
102:47
non drowsy anti histamine taken an hour before the flight and two paws of a rescue inhaler.
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.
102:55
15 minutes before boarding. A mask used to protect against COVID-19 could help prevent
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ๆญไน—15ๅˆ†ๅ‰ใ€‚ COVID-19 ใ‹ใ‚‰ไฟ่ญทใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฏใฏใ€ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใ‚ขใƒณใƒ€ใƒผใŒๆฐ—้“ใซๅ…ฅใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’้˜ฒใใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
103:03
the downunder from getting into your airways. A HEPA air filter which most airplanes say
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ใ€‚ ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใŒ
103:09
they use could also help but not if a cat is sitting next to you. Is anything being
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ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹HEPAใ‚จใ‚ขใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒซใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚‚ๅฝน็ซ‹ใคๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€็ŒซใŒ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้šฃใซๅบงใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“. ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ
103:17
done. Is there any progress in at least making the public and the airline industry aware
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่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ ๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚ ไธ€่ˆฌๅธ‚ๆฐ‘ใจ่ˆช็ฉบๆฅญ็•Œใซ
103:25
of the cat allergy problem? We have been trying to raise awareness of cat allergy and Kevin's
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็Œซใ‚ขใƒฌใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใฎๅ•้กŒใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ้€ฒๅฑ•ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹? ็งใŸใกใฏ1985ๅนดไปฅๆฅใ€ ็Œซใ‚ขใƒฌใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใจใ‚ฑใƒ“ใƒณใฎๆ„่ญ˜ใ‚’้ซ˜ใ‚ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸ.
103:32
since 1985 notes Tonia Winders, president of the Virginia based global allergy airways
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ใƒˆใƒ‹ใ‚ขใƒปใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒณใƒ€ใƒผใ‚บใฏใ€ ใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒ‹ใ‚ขใซๆ‹ ็‚นใ‚’็ฝฎใไธ–็•Œ็š„ใชใ‚ขใƒฌใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผๆฐ—้“
103:41
patient platform and 82 member network of patient based groups including the Asthma
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ๆ‚ฃ่€…ใƒ—ใƒฉใƒƒใƒˆใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใฎไปฃ่กจใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๅ–˜ๆฏใจใ‚ขใƒฌใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใฎใƒใƒƒใƒˆใƒฏใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ๆ‚ฃ่€…ใƒ™ใƒผใ‚นใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฎ82ใฎใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใƒใƒƒใƒˆใƒฏใƒผใ‚ฏ
103:48
and Allergy network. Winders points to the Federal Aviation administration's Air Carrier
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. Winders ใฏใ€้‡ๅบฆใฎใ‚ขใƒฌใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใ‚’ๅซใ‚€้šœๅฎณใ‚’ๆŒใคไบบใ€…ใ‚’ไฟ่ญทใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ้€ฃ้‚ฆ่ˆช็ฉบๅฑ€ใฎ Air Carrier
103:56
Access Act, which is supposed to protect people with disabilities, including severe allergies,
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Access Act ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
104:04
but the only protection the website offers is advice. Choose an airline that does not
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ใŒใ€ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใŒๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎไฟ่ญทใฏ ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใงใ™. ๆฉŸๅ†…ใธใฎ็ŒซใฎๆŒใก่พผใฟใ‚’่จฑๅฏใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„่ˆช็ฉบไผš็คพใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
104:10
allow cats in cabins. Call ahead and check with your doctor.
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ใ€‚ ไบ‹ๅ‰ใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ€ๅŒปๅธซใซ็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
104:16
Amazing job with this lesson now what was your favorite new word from this lesson? Leave
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใง็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅ˜่ชžใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
104:22
that in the comments below and leave an example sentence practicing your new vocabulary. And
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ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใ€ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„. ใใ—ใฆใ€
104:29
if you found this lesson helpful, please hit the like button, share it with your friends
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใฃใŸใจๆ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ใ„ใ„ใญใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆๅ‹้”ใจๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใ€
104:33
and of course subscribe. And before you go, make sure you head to my website and get your
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“่ณผ่ชญใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„. ่กŒใๅ‰ใซใ€ ๅฟ…ใš็งใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใ€
104:38
free speaking Guide. In this guide, I share six tips on how to speak English fluently
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็„กๆ–™ใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚ฌใ‚คใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅ…ฅๆ‰‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ‚ฌใ‚คใƒ‰ใงใฏใ€ ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆตๆšขใ‹ใค่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ่ฉฑใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ 6 ใคใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
104:43
and confidently and until next time Happy studying
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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