221 Advanced English Phrases and Idioms for Everyday Conversations

Imagine if your vocabulary was  filled with phrases and idioms  

to help you sound fluent and natural in English.

Well, that's exactly what will happen.

Today, you're going to learn 221 advanced English  phrases and idioms for daily conversation.

Welcome back to JForrest English.

Of course, I'm Jennifer.

Now let's get started.

First, you're going to learn 19  phrases that I use every day.

So if you use these phrases, you will  definitely sound fluent and natural.

In this lesson, I'm going to explain  each expression and then I'll give you  

an example sentence so you know  how to use it in your speech.

Sound good.

And I just use expression #1 did you hear it?

I said sound good.

Sound good with a question is the short  form of does that sound good to you?

So native speakers just take the sound good  you have to add a rising intonation to show  

is a question sound good and this is used  to get confirmation or approval when you  

share a plan or idea sound good and if I ask  you sound good, how are you going to reply?

Sounds good, sounds good is the  short form of that sounds good to me.

Now notice here you need the S on the verb because  it's in the present simple that sounds good.

So sounds good is the short form and this is  

used to confirm that you agree  with someone's plan or idea.

So let's practice this.

I'm going to start making  more lessons for you sound  

good sounds good sounds great, sounds amazing.

Sound good sounds great.

So if you want me to keep making more lessons  for you put sounds amazing sounds amazing.

Put that in the comments.

Our next expression will do.

I use this absolutely every single day.

So let's say someone asks you to do something.

Can you send the invoice to the client  to confirm that you will do this?

You simply say will do.

So don't say I will do it because  a native speaker wouldn't say that.

We just say will do.

So let's practice this one.

Can you do me a favor and like this video?

Share with your friends and  subscribe because it really  

helps support my channel and you can  reply back and say will do, will do.

Jennifer, how's it going?

This is our next expression and I use it  every single day, multiple times a day.

Of course, you can say, how are you?

This is used in more impersonal situations  like if you're at the grocery store.

You can also say, how are you doing?

This emphasizes right now  how are you doing right now?

My favorite is how's it  going, which is more general.

It's casual, but very natural.

And as a bonus to reply, remember you need to say  it's it's going good, great, amazing, awesome.

How's it going great.

Our next expression is what's  going on with something,  

What's going on with the project, the  deadline, the proposal of something.

And this is used to inquire about the status of  something, but you can also use this with people.

What's going on with Janice?

She seems upset.

So you're inquiring into the  current status of Janice.

Are you enjoying this lesson?

If you are, then I want to tell you  about the Finally Fluent Academy.

This is my premium training program where  we study native English speakers from TV,  

the movies, YouTube, and the news.

So you can improve your listening  skills of fast English, expand your  

vocabulary with natural expressions,  and learn advanced grammar easily.

Plus, you'll have me as your personal coach.

You can look in the description  for the link to learn more,  

or you can go to my website and  click on Finally Fluent Academy.

Now let's continue with our  lesson, our next expression.

Keep me in the loop.

I love this one, use it every day.

So let's say your colleagues are working  on a project and they share with you that  

they're getting proposals from the vendors today.

You can reply back and say,  great, keep me in the loop.

And this is used to request that new information  or updates are shared with you as they happen.

As a full sentence, you can say keep  me in the loop on the proposals.

So you're requesting that as soon as information  

is available about the proposals, that  information will be shared with you.

So if I request that you keep me in  the loop and you want to confirm.

That you will do it.

What would you say those two words will do?

Keep me in the loop?

Will do.

Our next expression just follow,  following up, just following up.

So I could send an e-mail to one of my colleagues  

and say just following up  on the project proposals.

Have you heard anything from the vendors?

The expression just following up is used  when you continue a previous conversation  

because remember I already talked  to my colleagues about the vendors.

I asked them to keep me in the loop  but I haven't heard anything and  

it's been in hours or days so I'm going to  send a message and say just following up.

Our next expression is an acronym ASAP  which stands for As soon as possible.

For pronunciation, you can say ASAP or ASAP.

ASAP.

ASAP.

Both of them are very commonly used.

We use this in both requests.

Can you get me that information?

ASAP and we use it to confirm a task.

I'll get that to you ASAP.

ASAP, ASAP.

Gotcha.

Our next expression is no rush.

This is the short form of there's no rush and  this is used to say that a request isn't urgent.

If you got a text from someone that said  call me ASAP, you would assume that's urgent.

You might even think that something  is wrong, something happened.

But if you got a text that  said call me when you can,  

no rush, you would know that there is no urgency.

No rush.

Let's talk about the expression.

No worries.

No worries.

I use this one probably five  times or more every single day.

No worries, maybe you got  a text from your colleague  

that says I'm sorry I didn't follow up sooner.

Remember our expression to follow up,  

I'm sorry I didn't follow up sooner and  you can reply back and say no worries.

This is used to say that you're  not upset about something.

No worries.

We also use this in situations like when you bump  into someone when you're walking down the street,  

or if you're at the grocery store and you  accidentally bump into someone with your shopping  

cart and you say, oh, sorry, and then they can  say no worries to let you know they're not upset.

Now let's talk about, oh, really, Really.

I use this one so much.

Really.

Your friend could share some exciting  news and say I'm taking three weeks  

off to volunteer with elephants, and you  can reply back and say, really, really.

This is used to acknowledge news that  someone shared, but in a surprising way.

Notice there's surprise in my voice.

Oh.

Really.

You.

Are you're taking three weeks  off to volunteer with elephants?

Wow.

Now let's talk about good to know so your friend  can say I'll be volunteering for three weeks,  

but I'll still call you every day  and then you can say good to know.

Good to know.

This is used to acknowledge news that  someone shared in a positive way.

So maybe you know the area where your friend  will be volunteering and you let them know  

that there's an amazing waterfall  nearby and they should visit it.

They can reply back and say good to know.

Good to know.

Heads up, Gina isn't coming to the party.

Our next expression is heads up.

This is used to give advanced warning  of something, so I'm telling you before.

The.

Party starts that Gina won't be there  and this is important information for  

you for some reason we use this a lot  in a business context for example.

Just a heads up, I followed up with Leo.

He'll get us the proposal ASAP.

So notice just a is optional.

You can say just a heads up or simply heads up.

I personally use both, probably equally and the  

person can reply to the message and  say good to know our next expression.

Hopefully you don't need to use this one too much.

I'm running late.

I'm running late.

This is how a native speaker would  say that they're going to be late.

They're going to arrive after the  time they said they would arrive.

I'm running late so you might  send a message to your colleague  

and say heads up, advance warning,  heads up I'm running late.

Start the meeting without  me and your Co worker could  

text back and say will do this next expression.

I asked my husband every single morning.

I say what do you have on the go today?

This is an alternative to what?

Are you?

Doing today and native speakers love  using it what do you have on the go today?

Now to reply.

Kevin will simply tell me what he's doing  so he'll use the present continuous.

I'm finalizing the proposal and this  afternoon I'm following up with some leads.

I love this next one.

Let's catch up.

Let's catch up and I love.

This because it's so.

Fun catching up with people,  at least in my opinion.

Generally, I use this as a short text  and I might say, hey, let's catch soon.

And we use this to say that you want to plan a  social outing, not professionally, but a social  

outing to learn what the person has been doing  since the last time you saw them or spoke to them.

So if my friend has been volunteering  on an elephant farm for three weeks,  

I could send her a message and say, let's  catch up when you're back from volunteering.

I can't wait to hear all about it.

Our next expression is.

Are you free?

But you need to complete the sentence.

So remember in the last example I said,  

let's catch up when you're back  from volunteering, then I can add.

Are you free?

On Saturday.

So on a specific day.

Are you free on Saturday?

So this expression is used to ask if someone  is available to do something specific.

Are you free to catch up this weekend?

Are you free to chat?

This next one will definitely make  you sound like a native speaker.

Are you?

Good, good too.

Are you good to meet up for?

This is how a native speaker  would get confirmation if  

someone is available to do something specific.

Now I could also ask one of my colleagues.

Are you good to lead the?

Presentation.

And in this sense I could also be asking if  they feel capable of doing something specific.

So maybe this colleague is relatively new or  maybe they've never given a presentation before.

So I want to confirm that they feel capable.

Are you good to lead the presentation?

Your colleague could reply back and  say, oh, don't worry, I'm good to go.

I'm good to go.

That's a bonus expression for you.

And finally, one that I use  all the time in the comments,  

and one that I hear a lot of students try  to use but use it incorrectly is simply.

You Rock, You rock.

In the comments you might see  me say great example, you rock.

So I'm simply telling you  that you did a great job.

I could also say thanks so  much for helping me, you rock.

So in this case, it's used as a casual way  to show appreciation or to praise someone.

The mistake I see with my students  is they write you are rock.

You are rock, but that's not the expression,  and it's you rock because this is a verb.

To.

Rock You.

Rock, You rock.

You rock, Darcy.

Now, because this is a verb,  

you can conjugate it and it's very  common to say you rocked in the past.

Simple, You rocked the presentation, which  means you did a great job with the presentation.

But you.

Rocked it, amazing job.

Now you're going to learn over  40 phrases with get to get ahead.

This means to progress.

So to make progress towards something,  

and we most commonly use this in a  career setting or academic setting.

For example, if you want to get  ahead, you need fluent English.

Would you agree with that?

Put that in the comments.

If you want to get ahead, you need fluent English.

Now notice how I didn't specify get ahead in what  if you want to get ahead at work in your career?

So don't forget that.

But you can also just say if you want to get ahead  to get along with most students know this one.

Do you know this one?

When you get along with someone, it means you  have a good relationship with that person.

I really get along with my boss, but  we commonly use this in the negative.

I don't get along with my boss.

So you can use it in both  the positive or the negative.

So which describes you?

I get along with my boss.

I don't get along with my boss to get away.

This means to escape.

So you can use this in two contexts.

The criminal got away, so that means he escaped.

The robber got away.

He stole my car and he got away.

He escaped.

But we also use this.

More in the sense of to escape from your daily  life, the difficulties of your daily life.

Oh, I.

Really need to get away.

Work.

Has been so busy I don't get along with my boss.

I.

Need to get away.

Another common phrasal verb  with getaway is to get away  

with something and that something is negative.

For example, she got away with the crime.

This means she wasn't punished for the crime.

So she did something wrong,  but she got away with it.

She got away with stealing the car.

Notice that verb ING with stealing  the car to get off lately.

This is when you are punished for something,  

but you're punished less  severely than you anticipated.

So maybe you forgot to submit a report  at work, but you got off lightly.

Your boss didn't fire you, but they  did remove you from the account.

So you were punished, but you were  punished less severely than you expected.

We also use this more in a criminal context.

She stole the car, but she got off  lightly, so maybe she didn't go to prison.

She only had to do community service to get back.

This is used to say that you return  to your original starting point.

So let's say you're at home, but then you go  to the store and then you return back home.

So now you can say I got back at 7:00.

What time did you get back?

Now you can specify the place.

What time did you get back?

Home back.

To.

The office Oh, I got back around seven.

We commonly use this with your vacations.

What time did you get back  from your trip to Italy?

Oh, I got back on Tuesday.

You returned home from Italy.

There is also the phrasal  verb to get back to someone.

You might say, oh, I really  need to get back to John.

When you get back to someone, it  means you respond to that person.

So if I say I need to get back to John, it means  that John contacted me but I have not replied.

So maybe he asked me a question and  I have not answered his question.

I need to get.

Back to John or you.

John might say, when are  you going to get back to me?

When are you going to respond to my question?

When you get back.

Into something.

It means you continue doing something  that you stopped for a period of time.

So let's say you decided to learn  how to play guitar or piano,  

and you play guitar every week  for months and months and months.

And then you stop playing guitar.

You get very busy at work, but  then work is no longer busy.

So you say.

Oh.

I need to get back.

Into guitar?

I need to get back into my guitar lessons so  maybe you could use this with your language.

Lessons.

I need to get back into my English.

Language class.

To get back at someone.

This is used.

For revenge.

So if you didn't get back to John, which  means you didn't reply to John and you  

didn't answer his question, maybe  John will try to get back at you.

He'll try to get revenge on you, so maybe  he'll tell everyone that you're not very  

helpful and that's how he gets back at  you to get behind someone or something.

This is when you.

Support someone or something.

So let's say your company has a new policy  on their dress code and you like the policy.

You can say I can really get behind that policy.

You support that policy to get by.

This is when you have just  enough resources to survive.

We most commonly use this  with financial resources.

So you might say with  inflation, I can barely get by.

So it means you can pay your bills,  pay your mortgage, buy groceries,  

but just enough at the at the end of the month  you have one or $2.00 left in your account.

I'm getting by to get into trouble.

I'm sure you do this all the time.

When you get into trouble, it just means  you enter that situation where you're  

doing something you're not supposed  to be doing, which is the trouble.

So kids get into trouble all the time.

That's why you don't leave your  kids at home without an adult.

To supervise.

Them, because they're going to get into trouble,  

they're going to write on all the walls with  crayon or eat all the cookies in the fridge.

They're going to get into trouble to get on.

This is when you board, which  means to enter certain vessels,  

certain methods of transportation.

So you can get on a plane,  a train, a boat or a bus.

I got on the plane you entered the  plane you boarded the plane to get  

on is also used as an expression to say  that someone is old or has become very old.

So you might say my grandma is getting on,  which means my grandma is now quite old.

She's become very old.

My grandma's getting on.

So she has.

Difficulty getting on a plane  now what's the opposite of on?

I'm on the plane, I got on the plane,  so now I need to get off the plane.

And remember, you only get off certain methods of  transportation, planes, trains, boats and buses.

This is my stop.

I need to get off the bus, get  off the train for vehicles,  

cars, vans or trucks you get in and get out of.

I got in my car, I got out of my car.

So don't confuse those two.

We also use get in when you enter a room in  a building or enter a house or a location.

So this is very common at work.

A Co worker could ask you  oh what time did you get in?

They mean what?

Time.

Did you enter the office?

So you can also use it to mean what  time did you start your work day?

Because when you enter the office  building, technically you've started work.

So what time did you get in Is another  way of saying what time did you start.

Work.

Now in this case, although  the opposite of in is out,  

we have an expression to get off,  which means to end work for the.

Day.

So someone could ask you oh what time do?

You get off today.

What time do you usually get?

Off.

What time are you getting off tomorrow?

This means what time do you finish work?

Do you end work just for the day?

To get out is also used as  an expression of disbelief.

So let's say your friend  tells you I won the lottery.

Get out.

Get out.

Get out of here.

Get out of.

Town, so you can add get out of here or less  commonly but still common, get out of town.

It's just to show that I can't believe it.

What?

Get out.

Get out.

So if your friend says something very shocking  or surprising, I'm moving to Antarctica.

Get out.

Get out of town.

Why?

Why are you doing that?

When you get out of something  or get out of doing something,  

it means you avoid doing something unpleasant.

So I could say I need to get out of cleaning the  garage because that's unpleasant and I don't.

Want to do it?

To get together.

This is when people organize socially.

They join each other socially.

So I might ask, what time are  we getting together tonight?

So what time are we going to meet each other,  

join each other and have dinner,  have a cup of coffee, go.

For a walk.

Do something social.

Now, if you specify the noun  you need with What time are  

you getting together with your friends tonight?

You probably know this one to get up.

What time do you get up?

This is when you leave your bed in the  morning first thing in the morning.

So what time do you?

Wake up.

This is when you open your eyes, but  then get up is when you actually.

Leave.

Your bed So I wake up at 6:00  AM, but I don't get up until.

6:30.

How about this one?

Get up to What did you get up to last night?

This is a common way of simply  asking what someone did.

Oh, what did did you get up to last night?

Oh, not much.

I watched a movie.

We also used this one though, to imply  that someone is doing something wrong.

My kids are always getting up to no good.

This is the same thing as getting into  trouble, but in a general context.

Oh, what did you get up to last night?

It's.

What?

Did you do last night?

To get across this is to  communicate your idea successfully.

So as a non-native speaker you might say I  have a hard time getting my ideas across,  

I have a hard time communicating successfully.

And if you have a hard time getting your  ideas across, someone might ask you.

What are you?

Getting at.

What are you?

Getting at this is another way of saying,  what are you trying to communicate?

What do you mean?

So if you're trying to explain something  but the other person doesn't understand,  

they can say what are you getting at?

Now to get at can also mean to successfully reach  something or find something or obtain something.

So let's say I have a shelf and I  have a hat on a very high shelf.

I might say I can't get at my hat.

I can't reach my hat to get rid of.

This is when you throw away, so  permanently remove unwanted items.

So remember I said I wanted to get  out of cleaning my garage because  

there's so many things I need to get rid of.

There's so many unwanted things in my  garage that I want to permanently remove.

So maybe once a year you can go through  your entire house and get rid of things,  

get rid of unwanted things.

To get wound up about something is when  you get really angry about something.

So let's say your father doesn't  like politics in general.

So every time he sees something in the news about  

politicians, he gets wound  up, he gets really angry.

But you might say to your dad, get over it.

Get.

Over.

Over it to get over something is when you tell  

someone they shouldn't have strong  feelings towards something else.

And those strong feelings are  usually negative feelings.

So if your dad gets really wound  up about politics, you can say,  

oh, just get over it, it's not a big deal.

You can, of course, get over someone.

Do you know this one?

When you get over someone, it means you no  longer have romantic feelings for that person.

So after my divorce, it took me  years to get over my husband.

It took me years to stop having  romantic feelings towards my husband.

Now someone could say get over it.

Stop being upset about the situation that you're  no longer with your husband, but that might.

Be a little.

Insensitive.

You can also get over an illness.

Which means you.

Recover from an illness it took me.

Weeks to get over.

My cold It took me weeks to  recover from my cold to get around.

This is how you travel within  an area, so if you're a tourist,  

you might Google what's the best  way to get around New York City.

And of course, it's not by car.

You don't want to get around by car  because the traffic is terrible.

So walking is the best way to get around,  

or taking the subway is the best  way to get around New York City.

When you get around to something  or to doing something, it means  

you finally do something after  not doing it for a long of time.

So let's say I was trying to get out of cleaning  

the garage because I didn't really want  to get rid of all that unwanted stuff.

But I finally got around to  cleaning the garage, so I finally.

Clean.

The garage after a long time of  not cleaning the garage to get it  

together is when you take control  of your life or your emotions.

So let's say your friend is really upset  because she broke up with her husband and  

she has not gotten over him and you want  to tell your friend to just get over it.

But instead you tell your friend,  get it together, get it together.

You need to take.

Control of your emotions because your friend  is crying all the time or she's really upset.

She's really Moody, angry, not pleasant to be  around, and you tell your friend you need to  

get it together, which is a little bit of  tough love, but sometimes it's necessary.

There are many phrasal verbs with get  through that have different meanings.

When you get through something, it means you  endure or deal with a difficult situation.

It was really difficult for me to get  through my father's death, so my father died.

Obviously that's a difficult situation.

Hopefully you don't say get over it  because that would be very insensitive.

But I had a hard.

Time getting through my father's death.

So you can use this in a personal situation.

You can use it in a work situation as well.

I don't get along with my boss, so I have  a hard time getting through our meetings.

I have a hard time dealing with our meetings  because I don't get along with my boss.

When you get through something, it  can also mean that you successfully  

finish something that was very  difficult or time consuming.

I finally got through the report.

So you finished it, but it  took you a really long time?

It was difficult.

When you get through.

To someone,  

it means that you successfully contact them after  numerous attempts of trying to contact them.

So let's say I needed to get back to John.

I needed to respond to John.

But every time I called John, I got his voicemail.

I could say I'm having a hard  time getting through to John.

So I can't get back to John  because I can't get through to him.

But we also use to get through  to someone when you're able to  

communicate something to someone in  a way that they they understand it.

So I told my friend that she shouldn't quit her  

job and I explained all the reasons  why and I finally got through to her.

So I finally made her understand  why she shouldn't quit her job.

Your head is probably.

Spinning right now with.

All of these.

Phrasal verbs with GET.

But all you need is some practice,  practice, practice and repetition.

So let's do that right now  with a quiz so you have a.

To review and practice these, get phrasal verbs.

Now let's keep going.

And you're going to add the 20 most common  idioms to your vocabulary #1 to break a leg.

Do you know this one?

What if I said to you, break a leg?

Do you know what that means?

I'm saying good luck.

And we generally use this when  someone is about to perform in an exam  

or a presentation, a job interview, or within  the theatrical world if you're an actor.

So I might say you're going to do great on  your presentation, break a leg, good luck.

And you can simply use those 3 words.

Break a leg, break a leg, break a leg.

Don't worry about writing these down  because I summarize everything in a  

free lesson PDF and you can find the link  in the description #2 To spill the beans.

Oh, this means to reveal a secret.

So you tell your friend about this surprise  party you're planning for another friend.

But then she spills the beans.

She tells that friend, hey, we're  planning you a surprise party.

You can say I can't believe you spilled  the beans about the surprise party.

So what about you?

Can I trust you with a secret?

I'm going to tell you a secret, but first  you have to promise to not spill the beans.

So put in the comments.

I won't spill the beans.

I won't spill the beans and  then I'll reveal my secret.

Spill the beans.

Spill the beans #3 to hit the hay.

Well, I'm going to hit the hay.

Do you know what this means?

It means I'm going to bed.

I'm going to sleep.

So you might tell your family I  have an early meeting tomorrow.

So I'm going to hit the hay Now.

You can also use sack, hit the hay, hit the sack.

They mean exactly the same thing.

Let's hit the hay now I'll hit  the hay #4 to bite the bullet.

This is when you face a  difficult situation with courage.

So let's say you made a mistake at work.

That's a difficult situation,  but you're going to face it.

So you're going to walk into your boss's office  and you're going to say I made a mistake.

So you could tell your Co worker I have to bite  the bullet and tell my boss about the mistake.

Bite the bullet.

Guess it's time to bite the  bullet #5 to hit the jackpot.

I hope this happens to you.

This is when you experience a  significant success or gain.

You could say winning the contract felt  like hitting the jackpot for our company.

So maybe the contract was for a very large amount  or it was with a really prestigious client.

So it was a big success, a significant success.

We hit the jackpot.

Number six, to catch someone's eye.

This means to attract someone's  attention or simply be noticed.

Her impressive presentation caught the  CEO's eye, so nobody is that possessive.

Catch someone's eye, the  CEO's eye, so it's possessive.

How about this one?

His resume caught the hiring manager's eye.

So notice the possessive is  after the S because there's  

more than one hiring manager, the hiring managers.

It's plural.

So you add the possessive after for a  plural, so it belongs to the hiring managers.

But notice I is always singular.

We don't add the S to I Pick  whatever catches your eye.

Are you enjoying this lesson?

If you are, then I want to tell you  about the Finally Fluent Academy.

This is my premium training program where  we study native English speakers from TV,  

the movies, YouTube, and the news.

So you can improve your listening  skills of fast English, expand your  

vocabulary with natural expressions,  and learn advanced grammar easily.

Plus, you'll have me as your personal coach.

You can look in the.

Description for the link to learn more,  

or you can go to my website and  click on Finally Fluent Academy.

Now let's continue with our lesson  #8 to hit the nail on the head.

This is when you describe precisely exactly  what is causing a problem or situation.

Hit the nail on the head to give you a compliment.

I could say you really hit the nail  on the head with your analysis,  

but I could reverse that and say your analysis  of the situation really hit the nail on the head.

Both of them are correct  and have the same meaning.

You hit the nail on the head #9 to burn bridges.

You don't want to do this.

This is when you damage relationships  or you close off opportunities.

And most people do this when  they end a relationship.

In a business context, this  would be when you quit,  

when you end your professional  relationship with the company.

But you should never burn bridges when you quit,  

because if you damage that relationship  by quitting in a outrageous way,  

in a unprofessional way, well, then you  can't use that employer as a reference.

And you never know when you might need  that employer again in the future,  

or when you might even work for  that employer again in the future.

So you don't want to burn bridges.

Burned all my bridges and burn that bridge.

No #10 to jump on the bandwagon.

This is a fun one.

This is when you adopt A  popular activity or trend.

In the YouTube world.

A popular trend is YouTube Shorts.

Now, after a year of not making YouTube  Shorts, I decided to jump on the bandwagon.

I decided to make YouTube Shorts because  they're popular and they're trendy.

Every studio is jumping on the bandwagon.

I wish I had bit the bullet.

Remember this one bit?

That is the past.

This is the past.

Perfect.

I wish I had bit the bullet  sooner #11 to be in the same boat.

One of the most common idioms.

This is when you face the same  challenges or are in a similar situation.

The same boat.

Julio is nervous about public speaking.

Kezia is nervous about public speaking.

They're in the same boat when  it comes to public speaking.

We're in the same boat.

Looks like we're in the same boat.

***** and span.

I love this one.

This means neat, tidy, and clean.

I always keep my office ***** and span.

How about your office?

You can use this for anything, an  entire room or maybe even just a desk.

She always keeps her desk ***** and span.

***** and span.

I want them ***** and span  #13 to cost an arm and a leg.

This means to be very expensive.

So there's a problem with your car.

You could say getting my car repaired  is going to cost an arm and a leg.

It's going to be very expensive.

Air conditioners cost an arm and a leg.

And it won't cost you an arm and a leg.

You could also say cost a pretty penny,  

which is our next idiom #14 and it means  exactly the same thing, very expensive.

So the same example as before, but now  you can say getting my car repaired is  

going to cost a pretty penny.

You can use either one.

Because it cost a pretty penny.

Cost me a pretty penny today.

How about #15 dirt cheap?

Dirt cheap.

This means very cheap, very inexpensive.

So let's say I see my best friend  with this new designer handbag.

I can say, wow, that Gucci handbag must have cost  an arm and a leg or must have cost a pretty penny.

But then she can say, actually it was dirt cheap.

So I could say really how?

And that's our next idiom #16A knockoff.

Do you know what a knockoff is?

This is a copy or imitation of a product.

So my friend does not have a real Gucci handbag.

It's a knockoff.

So when you buy a Rolex, make  sure it's not a knockoff,  

it's just a cheap knockoff #17 to hit the road.

I love this one, I use it a lot.

This is when you begin a  journey or simply leave a place.

So to begin a journey, you can say I'm packed,  let's hit the road, let's begin our journey.

Or you could say, oh it's  getting late, let's hit the road.

Yes, hit the road.

Let's hit the road.

#18 to break a sweat this is when you  exert physical effort so at the gym,  

if you run really fast, you're going to break  a sweat, which means you begin sweating to  

break a sweat but it could also be when  you work really hard, you could break a.

Sweat.

But we also use this in the negative.

Oh, this lesson was too easy, Jennifer.

I didn't even break a sweat.

Well, I'll have to make the next one  harder for you #19 to be under the weather.

A mosque.

No idiom.

This simply means to be or feel sick.

So you might send a message to your team  and say, I'm going to work from home today.

I'm a little under the weather, and  I don't want to get anyone sick.

Well, they're under the weather.

And finally #20 to call it a day.

This is when you decide to  stop working on something.

Well, this is the 20th idiom.

So let's call it a day.

I'm going to stop working on this video.

I'm going to end the video,  and you can stop as well.

Well, in just a few minutes.

Now notice the expression uses day.

Let's call it a day.

If it were 8:00 at night, you could say,  well, it's eight, so let's call it a day.

Or let's call it a night.

So at night you can choose to use  night, but you can also still use day.

So you can just use day for all situations.

Call it a day.

Going to call it a day.

Now let's focus on travel phrases  and you will learn 50 plus travel  

phrases that you can use in your daily life.

So your banks are packed and you're  ready to visit North America.

Let's talk about all the phrases that  you need, starting with greetings.

Now, as a tourist, you're going to be using  these greetings when you go to stores,  

restaurants, or interact with service  providers, like when you rent a car.

Or book a tour.

You can simply say hello because  for more impersonal interactions  

when you don't know the person  socially, we just say hello.

That's the standard greeting in these situations.

You could also say hi there.

So add there, hi there, hi there.

When you go into a restaurant, a store, hi there.

Of course you wouldn't wave.

I'm just doing that.

I guess you could hi there, hello.

Now times specific, you could say good  morning, good afternoon or good evening.

Don't say good night because  that's what we use before you go.

To.

Sleep so after 4:00 to 6:00  PM you can say good evening.

Now only for morning.

Native speakers, we drop the good and we just  say morning, morning, but we don't say afternoon.

You always say good afternoon, good evening,  but you can simply say morning, morning.

Now after your greeting, you can  state your reason for your visit.

So if you're at a restaurant,  you can say hi there.

We have a reservation under forest.

Usually the reservations are made  under your last name for 7:00 PM.

You could include the time, but you don't need  to because the reservation will have the time.

Or you could approach a  booth and say good morning.

Could you please tell me when the  next ferry to Staten Island comes?

Notice how I use could please.

That's to sound more polite.

Now don't worry about taking notes because  I summarize everything in a free lesson PDF.

You can look in the description for the link.

How about this one?

Excuse me, do you carry sunscreen?

Do you carry?

You're asking the store if they  have Do you carry sunscreen?

Now notice excuse me.

This isn't necessarily a greeting, but it's  what we use to get someone's attention.

So if the store person is stocking  a shelf, you can say excuse me,  

and then they will stop what  they're doing and look at you.

So it's used to get attention.

Now, technically you can say pardon me, pardon me.

Do you carry sunscreen?

But pardon me isn't very common  in North America in this context.

In North America, we use pardon me  if we don't understand something.

So if someone's talking to me and maybe  there's a lot of background noise,  

I might say pardon me to ask  them to repeat themselves.

But we don't really use it  to get someone's attention.

So just use excuse me to get someone's attention.

Now let's review all the phrases you need if  you don't understand someone or if you don't  

hear them because there's a lot of background  noise or maybe they just spoke very quietly.

Like I said, pardon me, pardon me.

Now you can also say excuse me, but  it's more in a questioning tone.

Excuse me, sorry, I didn't catch that.

Now you can always say sorry,  English isn't my first language.

So you're giving them the information  they need to know so they can adjust.

Because if you tell a native speaker, oh  sorry English isn't my first language, they'll  

naturally just try to speak slower or louder  or in a different way to help you understand.

And don't be afraid to say, can  you repeat that slower please.

The person will not be offended  or upset if you say that.

So don't be afraid to use it.

Or you can say sorry, I'm not  sure what means that means.

Or if you know the specific word you can  say I'm not sure what a transfer means.

Can you explain it a different way?

Can you give me more information?

Can you help me understand?

Or simply you can say sorry I don't understand,  English isn't my first language and they will  

naturally know they need to speak slower,  louder or explain it a different way.

Can you repeat that please?

I'm sorry I didn't catch.

That as a tourist, you're going  to be spending money at stores.

So let's talk about the phrases you need when you  

go into a store or when you take  all of your items to check out.

When you're ready to pay, you can just say  hi there or any of the other greetings.

Now previously the stores would ask you cash or  credit, but this isn't common in North America.

Today.

It's assumed you're going  to pay with a credit card,  

so they generally don't ask  you about the payment method.

They will probably just point at the  machine and then you can tap your card.

Cash or credit?

Now there are some St.

vendors.

A street vendor would be a small shop or  something that isn't a physical store.

It is possible that they only accept cash,  but this is becoming less and less common.

Basically everywhere you go in North America,  you can pay with your card, even the smallest St.

vendors because they have a little device  they put on their phones and then their  

phone turns into a payment processor  and you just tap your card on the phone.

So even that very small vendors,  you can likely pay with your card,  

but of course bring a little cash with you.

You can ask how much is this for one item?

How much are these for two or more items?

Now, after you pay, they might ask you,  do you need a bag Now they might say need  

a bag or simply beg with a rising  intonation to show it's a question.

Plastic bags are not used at  most stores in North America.

They are banned for environmental  reasons, So if you need a bag,  

most likely you have to pay for that bag.

Instead of plastic stores use paper bags  and they're probably about $0.15 per bag.

Or you can get a reusable bag  depending on the quality 1 to $3.00.

A lot of smaller stores, convenience stores,  

markets, they still use plastic bags,  but the bigger stores generally don't.

But you can always ask them,  can you give me a bag, please?

Or I need to buy a bag?

Now sometimes I hear students say please,  

I need to buy a bag and they put  please at the beginning of a statement.

But that is not common in North  America and it sounds a little awkward.

So put please at the end I  need to buy a bag, please.

Please commonly comes at the  beginning when it's the imperative.

So you're giving an instruction,  Please put the receipt in the bag.

Put the receipt in the bag is  the instruction and you can  

add please at the beginning to sound more polite.

You could also add it at the end after you pay.

They might say do you need want a receipt?

Again to try to be more  environmental and safe paper.

They don't automatically print receipts.

They might just say need a  receipt, want a receipt or receipt.

You can say no, that's OK, no thanks, yes please.

Now right before you pay.

They might say something really  long that you don't understand.

They may be asking you for a  donation, which is very common.

Do you want to donate $1.00  to the Children's Hospital?

They might ask you if you have a points  or rewards membership with that store.

Or they might ask you if you want to sign up for  

something like a Walmart MasterCard  or a points card or a membership.

If you don't understand, just say no thanks,  

no thanks, because they're probably just  trying to give you something additional.

Now, if you go into a clothing  store or a larger store,  

they will greet you and they'll ask you  if you're looking for something specific.

You can say I'm just looking, I'm just browsing,  but in North America, looking is more common.

I'm just looking.

Thanks.

Well.

Thanks, I'm just browsing.

Oh, I'm just looking.

Thanks, or if you are looking  for something specific you can  

say I'm looking for a small backpack.

Where can I find men's socks?

Do you carry sunglasses?

If you're buying clothing you  can ask where can I try this on?

Where are the fitting rooms?

The changing rooms?

Which is where you try things on.

You can also ask them what's your return policy  to know if the item is returnable or exchangeable.

Now let's talk about dining out at restaurants.

When you go to a restaurant,  you can use your greeting.

Hello, Hi there, good afternoon.

Table for two please.

Or you can state we have a reservation under and  

then your name, generally just  your last name under forest.

Or maybe you want to make a reservation.

Can we make a reservation and they'll ask you  when or what day, how many people and what time?

Table for two please.

Now, if you're staying at the restaurant, you  can ask them do you have any tables outside?

Do you have any tables on the patio?

So they mean the same thing.

The patio or outside is an area that is outside.

So you have inside or outside.

Outside is on the patio.

And if you're inside and you see  this really nice table by the window,  

you can say can we sit by the window, please?

Are there any booths available?

So maybe they're putting you at a table  with chairs, but you want to sit in a booth.

Just ask them are there any booths available?

If you have any allergies you can tell your  server I'm allergic to I'm allergic to shellfish.

Or maybe you see an item a stir fry with chicken  and you want to know can you make that vegetarian?

Can you make that vegan?

Can you make that gluten free to?

Order.

Just say.

All have I'll have the stir  fry with shrimp please.

Alternatively, I'd like I'd like  the stir fry with shrimp please,  

but I'll have is way more common now.

You may want to modify your order.

I'll have the stir fry with shrimp please.

But no onions.

Hold the onions without onions.

They all mean the same thing.

Can you add Pickles?

So if you want something  additional, can you add Pickles?

Can you make it extra spicy?

This is something my husband asks every time.

Can you make it extra spicy?

Can you put the sauce on the side?

So maybe if they put a sauce over  top, can you put it on the side?

Sauce on the side Again, please just know  that modifying your orders is extremely  

common and accepted in North  America, so don't be shy.

If you want something specific, just ask.

They will do it for you.

And don't forget to ask for water because as  a tourist you need to drink a lot of water.

Can you bring us some water please?

They might ask you sparkling or still bottled.

Just say tap water.

Tap water is fine.

Sometimes the restaurants try to  sound more fancy and say house water,  

but it's the water that comes out of the tap  which is drinkable in all of North America.

So if you don't want to pay for water,  

just say tap water is fine and know  that water is free everywhere you go.

In North America you can go  into any place and ask for.

Water for.

Free.

You might ask them where are  the bathrooms or restrooms?

Either word choice is fine.

Where are the bathrooms?

Where are the restrooms?

Just don't say where are the toilets because  we don't use that word for restaurants.

Now if you had a big meal and you didn't finish  it all, you can say can I have A to go box please?

And they'll bring you a box and you put your  leftovers and then you take it with you.

Can I have A to go box please?

Or you can say can you wrap this up?

So they will take your food, put it in  A to go box and bring it back to you.

Can you wrap this up?

Can you pack this up?

They mean the same thing.

If they try to offer you dessert or coffee and  you don't want it, say just the check please.

You can say check or bill.

Just the check please.

Just the bill please.

Can you bring me the check or bill please?

Or you can simply ask where do I pay?

Just the check please.

Where do I pay?

It's 25.

Dollars right in North  America, tips, gratuity are.

Rarely added to the bill.

Automatically, so it's your choice to leave it.

When you pay, there'll be  an option on the machine.

It's not required, but it is  highly expected and a 10 to 20%  

tip depending on the formality of the  restaurant and the level of service.

Is.

Expected, but again, it isn't required.

Now at any restaurant, cafe or store, you can ask  them do you have Wi-Fi or is there Wi-Fi here?

And if you know there's Wi-Fi because there's a  sign, you can ask them what's the Wi-Fi password.

Now, sometimes the Wi-Fi passwords  are just random letters or numbers,  

and maybe you, you didn't hear  it, you couldn't understand it.

You can just give them your phone.

Can you put it in for me, please?

Can you write it down, please?

Can you repeat that slowly, please?

Now, let's talk about getting around.

So how you move from one location to another.

You don't really need to know how to  ask for directions anymore because  

your phone has GPS and will  tell you exactly where to go.

But let me share some common phrases with you.

Excuse me, do you know how to  get to the Empire State Building?

Excuse me, which way is Central Park?

Excuse me, does this train go to Central Park?

Excuse me, which train will  take me to Central Park?

And noticed I used excuse me  for all of them because that  

is the most common standard in North  America to get someone's attention.

You could also say, excuse me,  do you mind taking our photo?

Because that is the one thing that people still  ask other people for not directions anymore.

But excuse me, do you mind?

Do you mind taking with that ING?

Do you mind taking our OR photo?

Excuse me, could you please take our picture so  you can say photo or picture interchangeably?

And as a final tip, before you pack your bags and  head to North America, just remember that North  

America is incredibly diverse and we interact  with non-native English speakers every single day.

Every time we leave the house,  

we go to stores, restaurants, our work  environments, our social environments.

We interact with non-native English speakers.

N Americans in general are friendly,  open and accepting, so don't feel any  

bit of nervousness or shyness because you  have an accent or make grammar mistakes.

It will not impact your experience  as a tourist, but of course, you  

do need to be able to communicate in a  way that a native speaker understands,  

and all of these phrases  will help you do just that.

Now let's move on to medical vocabulary and  you'll learn 50 plus medical expressions.

Let's talk about a patient.

A patient is a person receiving medical care.

We will all be patients at some point in our life,  

and I'm sure all of us have already  been patients on numerous occasions now.

Right now, I'm not a patient.

Even though I have a doctor, I'm not a patient  because currently I'm not receiving medical care.

This only applies when you're in the  process of receiving medical care.

There are two types of patients.

You can be an inpatient, which means you're  admitted to the hospital to receive care.

If you are an inpatient, you're going to be at  the hospital for a night, a week, or even longer.

You have a hospital room and a hospital bed.

Many inpatients are in an area  of the hospital called the ICU.

This stands for the intensive care unit, the ICU,  

and this is where inpatients go  to receive a high level of care.

You can also be an outpatient which most.

Of us usually are.

Which means you receive care without  being admitted to the hospital.

You're an outpatient.

When you go to the ER,  which is the emergency room,  

you're there to receive care for  a specific treatment or illness.

They treat you and then you.

Leave.

You don't stay overnight at the hospital.

Now let's talk about common medical  professionals you need to know.

Of course, you already know  doctor, also known as a physician.

In North America, it's more common to simply  say doctor, but it means the same thing.

Most of us have a.

GP.

Which stands for a General practitioner.

This is a Doctor Who treats a wide range of  issues, so you can go to your GP because you  

have a pain in your back or because you have  a cold or a throat infection or an eye issue,  

a wide range of issues, you can go to your GP.

A surgeon is of course a  Doctor Who performs surgery.

There are also many specialists and this is a  Doctor Who focuses on one specific medical area.

A cardiologist focuses on your heart,  

a dermatologist focuses on your skin,  a pediatrician focuses on children.

And in North America, whenever you  go to a pediatrician, at the end,  

they always give you a sucker because kids are  always scared of going to the pediatrician,  

which is a doctor for children, children.

So they treat you with a sucker or a small treat.

After an optometrist focuses on  your eyes, if you wear glasses,  

you frequently go to your optometrist.

A dentist of course focuses on oral  health and your teeth and OBGYN.

I have no idea what this stands for.

I know it's a very long word  but everyone just says OBGYN.

An OBGYN is a doctor specifically for women when  you're pregnant or to discuss reproductive issues.

An anesthesiologist.

Don't let this spelling confuse you.

Native speakers have difficult with the  pronunciation of this anesthesiologist.

Anesthesiologist.

An anesthesiologist administers anesthesia, which  is what makes you go unconscious before surgery.

They also monitor you during surgery.

A radiologist does the  X-rays, CT scans, and MRI's.

A psychiatrist focuses on your  mind and mental disorders.

Fun fact, both of my neighbors are doctors.

One is a GP and the other is a psychiatrist.

So if I need any help both  physically and mentally, I'm covered.

And an ENT stands for ear, nose and throat.

So that doctor, an ENT, focuses on those  three things, ear, nose and throat.

There are more specialists,  but these are the most common.

Of course, nurses are just  as important as doctors.

You can be a registered nurse and RN.

This means you have a nursing degree and you have  

a license in the specific  area where you or a nurse.

You can also be a nurse practitioner, an  NP, which means you have more advanced  

training and you can diagnose and  treat specific medical conditions.

Let's talk about a routine checkup.

This is something that.

All of us.

Do.

Hopefully.

Every six months or one year, and this is when  you see your GP, your General practitioner,  

just to review your overall health so  you don't have a specific medical issue.

It's just a routine appointment.

We call that a checkup, a routine checkup.

During that routine checkup, your GP General  practitioner is going to examine your vital signs.

Your vital signs include your temperature,  your heart rate and your blood pressure.

Now, you can also discuss any  specific medical issues that  

you're having with your GP  during the routine checkup.

Of course, you can schedule an appointment at  a separate time for a specific medical issue.

If you are discussing a specific  medical concern or issue with your GP,  

it's possible that they'll  refer you to a specialist.

For example, your GP could say  I'm going to refer you to an ENT.

Remember that's ear, nose and throat.

That's what the doctor specializes in.

When you see the specialist or  even when you're with your GP,  

you're going to talk about your symptoms.

A symptom is any feeling of illness  that you're currently having or that  

you've had in the past that you want to  discuss with your GP or the specialist.

And when you're talking to the doctor,  

one of the very first things they'll  say is what are your symptoms?

What are your symptoms?

And then you simply tell the doctor what's  wrong, what you're feeling that isn't right.

For example, I have a lot of back pain.

My left arm is sore.

My feet are numb, which means  you can't feel your feet.

If they're numb, you can't feel them.

My vision is blurry, which means you can't.

See.

Very well, or you could say.

I feel nauseous.

Nauseous.

That's the feeling you get when  you're on a roller coaster.

I feel nauseous.

Those are just some symptoms  you may be experiencing.

You can experience or have a symptom.

There are of course many, many other symptoms that  

you could have and that you would  discuss with your GP or specialist.

After listening to your symptoms, the doctor  might want to do some diagnostic tests.

These are tests or an exam to  determine the existence or the  

absence of a specific medical  condition, disease or illness.

Common examples of diagnostic tests  are an MRI, an X-ray or a CT scan.

After these diagnostic tests,  the doctor will have a diagnosis,  

which is a judge judgment about what  the illness or medical problem is.

Then you can discuss the treatment options.

These are the different courses  of action that you can take to  

address the medical issue or the  different treatments available.

If the treatment option includes medication, well  then the doctor will write you a prescription.

A prescription is a written  order or in our modern world,  

most likely an electron pharmic order  for a specific medical treatment.

Like a drug or a specific pill?

You can take your prescription to  a pharmacy because at the pharmacy,  

of course they'll be a pharmacist  and a pharmacist fills.

The.

Prescription, which just means they provide you  with the medical treatment on the prescription.

It will tell you what the dosage is, and  this is information the pharmacist needs.

The dose.

Dosage is the amount or quantity of the  medical treatment, like a specific drug.

So how much of that drug are you  getting and what is the quantity  

of the active drug in each pill that you get?

That's the dosage.

The pharmacist will also  talk about any side effects.

So the side effects.

Of.

A specific medical treatment, those  are the unintended consequences.

So if you take a pill, it might cause headaches,  

but it's trying to treat your sore  arm, but then it causes a headache.

So that's the side effect of the pill.

Any unintended consequences or adverse  reactions, those are the side effects.

And then later you can schedule  a follow up appointment with your  

GP or specialist to discuss if your  symptoms have been relieved at all.

If the course of action, the treatment is working,  

if there needs to be any changes to  the dosage, a different prescription,  

you can discuss all of that with your GP  specialist at a follow up appointment.

Now let's move on to political vocabulary so  

you can understand the news  and everyday conversations.

You'll learn 40 plus phrases to discuss politics  and let's start with the word nonpartisan.

Welcome back to J phrase English.

Of course I'm Jennifer now let's get started.

Nonpartisan is an adjective that means not a  

member or connected within  a group or political party.

The Community Center is hosting a  nonpartisan forum to discuss local issues,  

so this forum is not related  to a specific political party.

The opposite of that is partisan.

This is also an adjective and it's strongly  supporting a person, principal or political party.

The audience was very partisan and  refused to listen to her speech.

And that's why I said this  lesson is nonpartisan because  

it's for everyone regardless of political beliefs.

So if you're excited to learn  this vocabulary, put let's go.

Put let's go in the comments.

And don't worry about taking notes because  I summarize everything in a free lesson PDF.

You can find the link in the description.

So we have nonpartisan, partisan,  and there's also bipartisan.

Have you heard this before?

This is an adjective, and it's supported  by or connected to two political parties.

And that's the word by which represents 2.

The government released a  bipartisan public health campaign.

So this campaign was supported by or  connected to two political parties.

Now, technically, try partisan, which means three,  

or quadri partisan, which means  four, and you can keep going.

Technically, those terms exist, but they're  not widely used, at least in North America.

Our long standing nonpartisan tradition is to make  

decisions objectively based only  on the best available evidence.

There are concerns.

That highly partisan volunteers could  try to intimidate voters this year,  

but this is a bipartisan bill  that authorizes more than $7  

billion so that initiatives like Feed  the Future endure well into the future.

Now let's quickly review the  politics because I hear students  

using this word incorrectly because of  the grammar of the sentence structure.

Politics is a noun.

This means the activities of government,  but it also means an area of study.

For example, Maria is studying politics.

The area of study.

She's studying politics at university.

Or perhaps you're at the dinner  table and someone could say let's  

not discuss politics, the  activities of government.

Let's not discuss politics at dinner.

Now, don't confuse this with the word  political, which is an adjective.

This means relating to politics, but  it also means interested in politics.

And did you notice that the noun has?

That's on it.

If you follow my channel and if you're  new here, make sure you subscribe.

If you follow my channel, you'll  know that I use political articles,  

news articles related to the study of  politics to teach you my students English.

But the lessons are non partisan.

The focus of the lesson is teaching  you vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation.

It's not to support or comment  on a political party or interest.

So remember, you can say Jasper's  very political as the adjective,  

or you can say Jasper's interested  in politics, the study, the now.

And of course you already know politician.

This is a noun and this is a member of  a government or lawmaking organization.

Ahmed is a.

Politician.

Don't forget that article because this is a  job title and we use articles with job titles.

Ahmed is a politician, but most of  his life he wasn't very political.

I wrote about politics, economics,  and corporate affairs, and I could  

have chosen to specialize in any of those fields.

I wasn't.

Really political.

I was just a French horn player.

One newspaper from the early 1900s  quoted a politician who said the  

Modis had always been loyal to the British Empire.

Now let's talk about a constituency.

This is a noun and it's a body  of voters in a specific area.

And these voters, they elect a representative.

But remember this word constituency, it  refers to the whole body as one unit.

The politician worked hard to address  the concerns of his constituency.

You could also say his constituents.

So notice we have constituent  or the plural form constituents.

This is a noun and it is simply referring to all  voter or voters in the plural in a specific area.

So I could say I'm one of your constituents.

I'm one of the people who  can vote for you if I choose,  

because I'm in this specific geographical area.

Or a politician could say, my constituents  will be pleased with this new initiative.

The constituency that he or she was  running for an office to represent.

In states where judges are popularly  elected, they have constituents.

Now let's review some common vocabulary.

And I want you to pay attention  to the sentence structure.

She voted in an election.

So notice you vote in and  then an election, an election.

That's the noun form.

She voted for Amit.

So you vote for a person, you vote in an election.

And of course the.

Verb is vote.

So you conjugate that based on your subject.

Amit is running for mayor.

Notice you can run for a political  position, in this case mayor.

You don't need an article here in front of  mayor because mayor is considered a proper noun.

You could also say Amit is  a candidate for or mayor,  

or Ahmed is campaigning for the position of mayor.

You could add the position  of but you don't need to.

So you could just say Ahmed  is campaigning for mayor.

So nearly a third of these  students voted in an election.

But they all just for some reason  voted for the war and he starts  

running for mayor and getting and  doing really, really well in the polls.

It is just as illegal to make a  foreign donation to a candidate  

for mayor as it or a sheriff  as it is for the presidency.

So let's say it's election night and all of the  

constituents voted for their party  of choice, their person of choice.

And guess what?

Ahmed won the election and  it was a landslide victory.

This means that Ahmed won by a large margin.

So the margin means the number  of votes for or against.

In this case, a large margin could be 70% of the  votes were for Ahmed and 30% were against him.

You could also say a clear margin.

Using that word clear, you could  say it was a clear cut victory.

Nobody can say that the results aren't conclusive.

7030, that's conclusive.

Ahmed won.

You could say it was an underdog victory.

This means that nobody expected Ahmed to win.

He was the underdog.

You could also say it was an upset.

An upset.

This means that everyone  expected someone else to win.

It was an upset.

But now let's say that Ahmed lost the election.

We could also say it was an upset,  

but in this case everyone expected  Ahmed to win, but he didn't.

We could say it was a narrow defeat  or you could say it was a close call.

This means that Ahmed lost, but by a small margin.

So maybe.

It was 50.

One to 49.

That would be the smallest margin possible.

You could say it was a crushing defeat.

This means Ahmed lost by a large margin.

So 70% of people didn't vote  for Ahmed, only 30% did.

It was a crushing defeat.

Keep in mind.

That you can use this vocabulary about winning and  losing for sports recruitment or any competition.

Germany's leading far right  party suffered a narrow defeat  

in regional elections in one of its strongholds.

It was a close call.

I mean, things almost didn't workout.

King Ben Haddad, the first attacks from around  Damascus, what today would be known as Syria,  

forcing the north to retreat in crushing defeat.

Now let's talk about to impeach  a politician's nightmare.

This is a verb, and it means to  formally accuse a public official  

of a serious crime in connection with their job.

Did you know that in history, three  US presidents have been impeached?

This means three US presidents have been accused  of a serious crime related to their position.

Can you name one out of the three?

Well if you follow my learn English  with the news lessons, I'm sure you can.

So put one of those names in the comments.

So three have been impeached accused,  but 0 presidents have been forced.

To leave.

Office.

You could also say that 0 presidents have  

been removed from their position  as a result of the impeachment.

Now notice here impeachment is the noun form.

It's talking about the accusation as a noun.

If a politician is forced to leave office or  removed from their position, this means fired.

But we only use that term  in non political positions.

So in a non political position  you would say Yevgenya was fired.

She's an employee and the company or the boss.

Fired her, but for political.

Positions you can say removed  from office or forced.

To.

Leave their position.

So three US presidents have been impeached,  0 have been forced to leave office.

But did you know that former President  Richard Nixon, he stepped down,  

he resigned before he was officially  impeached for a non political position.

You would use the word quit or you can  use resigned but quit is more common.

Yevgenya quit.

3 presidents have been impeached, Andrew  Johnson, Bill Clinton and Donald Trump.

Trump is likely to be the  first to be impeached twice.

Whether they're removed from their position  or if they're otherwise disciplined due  

to concerns about harassment, bullying,  retaliation or hostile working conditions.

Well anyway, it got a lot better  and by the time I stepped down.

We had the Internet button while  running, you know, at high speed.

It was marvelous.

I mean, we were awash in cash.

I just mentioned former President Richard Nixon.

Let's review the word incumbent.

This is a noun and it's the current  holder of a political office or position.

The incumbent president.

The current president isn't  running for re election.

That's a story I did a learn English with  the news on, so make sure you watch it.

So subscribe if you haven't already.

Now let's review to lobby.

This is a verb and is to try to influence  a politician or public official.

The company spent millions on lobbying efforts,  so in this case it's being used as an adjective.

It describes the efforts the incumbent  president, the current president,  

faced impeachment accusations of a serious crime.

Here it's the noun form for  secretly meeting with lobbyists.

So right here, the word is a noun.

A lobbyist is someone who lobbies.

How about this word?

Filibuster.

Filibuster.

Isn't that fun to say?

Filibuster.

Say it out loud.

Filibuster.

Do you know what this is?

Well, it's both a verb and a noun,  

and it's a long speech that someone makes to  delay or prevent a new law from being made.

She filibustered the bill.

So here it's a verb and it's in the  past simple form, the filibuster.

So here it's a noun.

The filibuster lasted for over 10 hours.

Remember a long speech filibuster.

And yes, it's a filibuster.

The filibuster is on amazing  job with this master class  

put more and more and more and more and more.

If you want me to make another master class.

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