English Grammar - Easy Introduction to Passive

1,441,318 views ・ 2009-06-12

English with Ronnie


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Hi there, my name is Ronnie and today English is going to be taught by me.
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”, 제 이름은 Ronnie이고 μ˜€λŠ˜μ€ μ œκ°€ μ˜μ–΄λ₯Ό κ°€λ₯΄μΉ  μ˜ˆμ •μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:12
I'm going to teach you English.
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λ‚΄κ°€ λ„ˆμ—κ²Œ μ˜μ–΄λ₯Ό κ°€λ₯΄μ³ μ€„κ²Œ.
00:17
This is going to be a grammar lesson.
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이것은 문법 μˆ˜μ—…μ΄ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:18
Everyone shudder.
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λͺ¨λ‘ λ–¨λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:19
Not grammar.
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문법이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:20
It is.
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그것은.
00:21
I think this is a very difficult, hard to understand lesson.
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λ‚˜λŠ” 이것이 맀우 μ–΄λ ΅κ³  μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κΈ° μ–΄λ €μš΄ κ΅ν›ˆμ΄λΌκ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:29
I don't want to teach.
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κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜κ³  싢지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
I give up.
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λ‚˜λŠ” ν¬κΈ°ν•œλ‹€.
00:31
I'll try.
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λ…Έλ ₯ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:32
Okay.
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μ’‹μ•„μš”.
00:33
Today we're going to learn about passive.
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μ˜€λŠ˜μ€ νŒ¨μ‹œλΈŒμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μˆ˜λ™
00:38
The opposite of passive is active.
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의 λ°˜λŒ€λŠ” λŠ₯λ™μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:41
In our everyday goings-ons, we usually use active sentences.
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일상적인 μΌμ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 보톡 λŠ₯λ™νƒœ λ¬Έμž₯을 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이에
00:47
An example of this is "I eat lunch."
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λŒ€ν•œ μ˜ˆλŠ” "λ‚˜λŠ” 점심을 λ¨ΉμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
In this sentence, the focus or the importance is on the subject or "me."
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이 λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ μ΄ˆμ μ΄λ‚˜ μ€‘μš”μ„±μ€ 주제 λ˜λŠ” "λ‚˜"에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
So I want to make it very clear that it was me who did the action.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ‚˜λŠ” κ·Έ 행동을 ν•œ 것이 λ°”λ‘œ λ‚˜μ˜€λ‹€λŠ” 것을 λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ 밝히고 μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:23
So I put "me" first.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” "λ‚˜"λ₯Ό λ¨Όμ € λ„£μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:26
Next comes the verb and "lunch" is our noun.
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λ‹€μŒμ€ 동사 이고 "lunch"λŠ” λͺ…μ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
When we want to have a passive sentence, we don't want to tell who did the action.
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μˆ˜λ™νƒœ λ¬Έμž₯을 원할 λ•Œ λˆ„κ°€ 행동을 ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€ λ§ν•˜κ³  싢지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:46
What's important is that the action was done.
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은 μ‘°μΉ˜κ°€ μ™„λ£Œλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:52
So to make the sentence passive, we're going to change the verb position, the noun position,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ λ¬Έμž₯을 μˆ˜λ™νƒœλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 동사 μœ„μΉ˜, λͺ…사 μœ„μΉ˜λ₯Ό λ³€κ²½ν•˜κ³ 
02:02
and we're going to even eliminate or take out the subject.
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μ£Όμ–΄λ₯Ό μ œκ±°ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μ œκ±°ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:07
This is how we do it.
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이것이 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 그것을 ν–‰ν•œ 방법이닀.
02:10
We start with the noun and we say, not "lunk," "Lunch was eaten."
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λͺ…μ‚¬λ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ³  "lunk"κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ "Lunch wased"라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
In this sentence, we don't know and we don't care who ate the lunch.
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이 λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λˆ„κ°€ 점심을 λ¨Ήμ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ λͺ¨λ₯΄κ³  μƒκ΄€ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
What is important is that it was eaten.
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은 λ¨Ήμ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:50
To form a passive sentence, we take the noun plus "to be" verb, and we use the "be" or
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μˆ˜λ™νƒœ λ¬Έμž₯을 λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λͺ…사에 "to be" 동사λ₯Ό λ”ν•˜κ³  "be" λ˜λŠ”
03:08
the past participle.
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과거뢄사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:10
The past participle is the third tense of the verb.
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κ³Όκ±° λΆ„μ‚¬λŠ” λ™μ‚¬μ˜ μ„Έ 번째 μ‹œμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
For example, "eat, ate, eaten."
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, "λ¨Ήμ–΄, λ¨Ήμ—ˆμ–΄, λ¨Ήμ—ˆμ–΄."
03:27
The way that I like to remember this, we pronounce this like the number, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
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μ œκ°€ 이것을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜κΈ° μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이것을 숫자 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8처럼 λ°œμŒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:38
8.
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03:39
Eat, ate, eaten.
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λ¨Ήλ‹€, λ¨Ήλ‹€, λ¨Ήλ‹€.
03:41
So when we make a passive sentence, you always have to put "was" and the past participle
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μˆ˜λ™νƒœλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€ λ•ŒλŠ” 항상 "was"와 λ™μ‚¬μ˜ 과거뢄사λ₯Ό λΆ™μ—¬μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:49
of the verb.
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.
03:51
You also have to know when or why, very important, we actually have to use the passive.
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λ˜ν•œ μ–Έμ œ λ˜λŠ” μ™œ 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•œμ§€ μ•Œμ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μˆ˜λ™νƒœλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:58
As I said before, we use it when we don't want to tell the person who did the action.
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전에 λ§ν–ˆλ“―μ΄ 행동을 ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ μ•Œλ¦¬κ³  싢지 μ•Šμ„ λ•Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λˆ„κ°€
04:08
Maybe we simply don't know who did the action, or it's a secret.
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κ·Έ 행동을 ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€ λͺ¨λ₯΄κ±°λ‚˜ 비밀일 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:16
For example, when I was a child, my brother and I were given cookies, and we would both
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, λ‚΄κ°€ 어렸을 λ•Œ, ν˜• κ³Ό λ‚˜λŠ” μΏ ν‚€λ₯Ό λ°›μ•˜κ³ , 우리 λ‘˜ λ‹€
04:23
eat all of the cookies.
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μΏ ν‚€λ₯Ό λͺ¨λ‘ λ¨Ήμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:26
My brother, he would eat the last cookie.
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λ‚΄ 동생, κ·ΈλŠ” λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ μΏ ν‚€λ₯Ό 먹을 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:30
So my mother would say, "Who ate all the cookies?"
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆλŠ” "μΏ ν‚€ λˆ„κ°€ λ‹€ λ¨Ήμ—ˆμ–΄?"
04:34
My brother would say, "I don't know," and I would say, "It was him, he ate the cookies."
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제 ν˜•μ€ "λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² μ–΄μš”"라고 λ§ν–ˆκ³  μ €λŠ” "κ·Έκ°€ μΏ ν‚€λ₯Ό λ¨Ήμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."라고 λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:41
Now, if he was smart, he could answer in the passive, and he could say, "Cookies were eaten."
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이제 κ·Έκ°€ λ˜‘λ˜‘ν•˜λ‹€λ©΄ μˆ˜λ™νƒœλ‘œ λŒ€λ‹΅ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆκ³  "μΏ ν‚€λ₯Ό λ¨Ήμ—ˆλ‹€"κ³  말할 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:02
We have to be careful here, because "cookies" is plural, you need to use "were."
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"cookies"λŠ” λ³΅μˆ˜ν˜•μ΄λ―€λ‘œ "were"λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:10
So if it is a plural noun, we need to use "were."
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 볡수 λͺ…사일 κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” "were"λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:19
Lunch is singular, so with the singular noun, we use "was."
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lunchλŠ” λ‹¨μˆ˜ μ΄λ―€λ‘œ λ‹¨μˆ˜ λͺ…사와 ν•¨κ»˜ "was"λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:27
You always need the "pp" or the past participle.
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항상 "pp" λ˜λŠ” κ³Όκ±° 뢄사가 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. νŒ¨μ‹œλΈŒλ₯Ό 정말 μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν• 
05:34
One really good example of when you really need to use the passive is this.
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λ•Œμ˜ 정말 쒋은 μ˜ˆλŠ” μ΄κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:41
We have hair, sometimes it grows very long.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 머리카락이 있고 λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” 맀우 길게 μžλžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:46
We need to go to a place to have our hair cut.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 머리λ₯Ό 자λ₯΄λŠ” 곳으둜 κ°€μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:54
If I use an active sentence, I would say, "I cut my hair."
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λŠ₯λ™νƒœλ₯Ό ​​쓰면 "I cut my hair."
06:05
But most of the times, we do not cut our own hair, probably because we can't get the back,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 경우 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 슀슀둜 머리λ₯Ό 자λ₯΄μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . μ•„λ§ˆλ„ 등을 λ§žμ„ 수 μ—†κΈ° λ•Œλ¬ΈμΌ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:12
and it's pretty dangerous, and you'd probably look funny as well.
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그것은 κ½€ μœ„ν—˜ ν•˜κ³  당신도 μ›ƒκΈ°κ²Œ 보일 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:17
So in this case, you need to use the passive.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 이 경우 νŒ¨μ‹œλΈŒλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:22
You need to say, "My hair," and we don't need a capital on that, "was cut."
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당신은 "λ‚΄ 머리"라고 말할 ν•„μš”κ°€ 있고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” "μž˜λžλ‹€"λΌλŠ” λŒ€λ¬Έμžκ°€ ν•„μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:43
We don't know who cut it, and we don't care who cut it.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λˆ„κ°€ μž˜λΌλƒˆλŠ”μ§€ λͺ¨λ₯΄κ³  λˆ„κ°€ μž˜λΌλƒˆλŠ”μ§€ μƒκ΄€ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:48
If you wanted to include who did it, you can say, "by," and then the person.
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λˆ„κ°€ κ·Έλž¬λŠ”μ§€ ν¬ν•¨ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄ "by"라고 λ§ν•œ λ‹€μŒ κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:57
So for example, I can say, "My hair was cut by Bobby."
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ "λ‚΄ λ¨Έλ¦¬λŠ” λ°”λΉ„κ°€ μž˜λžμ–΄"라고 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:06
Bobby the barber cut my hair.
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μ΄λ°œμ‚¬ λ°”λΉ„κ°€ λ‚΄ 머리λ₯Ό μž˜λžλ‹€.
07:08
It's active, but you can say, "My hair was cut."
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λŠ₯λ™μ μ΄μ§€λ§Œ "머리가 μž˜λ Έλ‹€"κ³  말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:14
"Cut" is going to be a very nice verb because it doesn't change.
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"Cut"은 λ³€ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ•„μ£Ό 쒋은 동사가 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:23
In every part of the verb, it stays the same, cut, cut, cut, easy.
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λ™μ‚¬μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  λΆ€λΆ„μ—μ„œ λ™μΌν•˜κ²Œ μœ μ§€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:29
So remember, the next time you go and get your hair done, and you tell your friends,
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κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”, λ‹€μŒμ— 머리λ₯Ό 닀듬고 μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ—κ²Œ
07:34
"I cut my hair," they're going to say, "Wow, you did a good job," and then you go, "Oh,
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"머리 μž˜λžμ–΄μš”"라고 λ§ν•˜λ©΄ μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ€ "와, μž˜ν–ˆμ–΄"라고 말할 것이고, 그러면 " μ•„,
07:41
no, I didn't cut my hair.
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μ•„λ‹ˆ, 머리 μ•ˆ 잘
07:43
My hair was cut," all right?
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λžμ–΄."
07:47
So I hope this clarifies the difficult grammar that we have in English of passive.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ‚˜λŠ” 이것이 μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œ μˆ˜λ™νƒœμ˜ μ–΄λ €μš΄ 문법을 λͺ…ν™•νžˆ ν•΄μ£ΌκΈ°λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:54
Please go to www.engvid.com, and you can have a quiz, and you can test your knowledge on
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www.engvid.com에 κ°€μ…”μ„œ ν€΄μ¦ˆλ„ ν’€κ³  μˆ˜λ™νƒœμ— λŒ€ν•œ 지식도 ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈ ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”
08:01
the passive.
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.
08:02
Thank you for watching, and I'll see you in the next video.
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μ‹œμ²­ν•΄μ£Όμ…”μ„œ κ°μ‚¬ν•˜κ³  λ‹€μŒ μ˜μƒμ—μ„œ λ΅™κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:14
Bye.
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μ•ˆλ…•.
08:15
Bye.
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μ•ˆλ…•.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

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